1
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Sung Y, Lee W, Lee H, Lee JW, Kim BJ, Yoo S, Jeong S, Kim J, Lee JY. Nanostructured Molecular Packing of Polymer Films Formed on Water Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38856974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the nanostructured molecular packing and orientations of poly[[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)] (P(NDI2OD-T2)) films formed on water for the application of nanotechnology-based organic electronic devices. First, the nanoscale molecule-substrate interaction between the polymer and water was modulated by controlling the alkyl side chain length in NDI-based copolymers. Increasing alkyl side chain lengths induced a nanomorphological transition from face-on to edge-on orientation, confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations revealing nanostructural behavior. Second, the nanoscale intermolecular interactions of P(NDI2OD-T2) were controlled by varying the volume ratio of the high-boiling-point additive solvent in the binary solvent blends. As the additive solvent ratio increased, the nanostructured molecular orientation of the P(NDI2OD-T2) films on water changed remarkably from edge-on to bimodal with more face-on crystallites, thereby affecting charge transport. Our finding provides essential insights for precise nanoscale morphological control on water substrates, enabling the formation of high-performance polymer films for organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoori Sung
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haechang Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonju Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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2
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Boehm BJ, McNeill CR, Huang DM. Competing single-chain folding and multi-chain aggregation pathways control solution-phase aggregate morphology of organic semiconducting polymers. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:18070-18086. [PMID: 36448546 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the solution-phase behaviour of organic semiconducting polymers is important for systematically improving the performance of devices based on solution-processed thin films of these molecules. Conventional polymer theory predicts that polymer conformations become more compact as solvent quality decreases, but recent experiments have shown the high-performance organic-semiconducting polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) to form extended rod-like aggregates much larger than a single chain in poor solvents, with the formation of these extended aggregates correlated with enhanced electron mobility in films deposited from these solutions. We explain the unexpected formation of extended aggregates using a novel coarse-grained simulation model of P(NDI2OD-T2) that we have developed to study the effect of solvent quality on its solution-phase behaviour. In poor solvents, we find that aggregation through only a few monomers gives effectively inseparable chains, leading to the formation of extended structures of partially overlapping chains via non-equilibrium assembly. This behaviour requires that multi-chain aggregation occurs faster than chain folding, which we show is the case for the chain lengths and concentrations shown experimentally to form rod-like aggregates. This kinetically controlled process introduces a dependence of aggregate structure on concentration, chain length, and chain flexibility, which we show is able to reconcile experimental findings and is generalisable to the solution-phase assembly of other semiflexible polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Boehm
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David M Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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3
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Controlling morphology and microstructure of conjugated polymers via solution-state aggregation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Pecorario S, Royakkers J, Scaccabarozzi AD, Pallini F, Beverina L, Bronstein H, Caironi M. Effects of Molecular Encapsulation on the Photophysical and Charge Transport Properties of a Naphthalene Diimide Bithiophene Copolymer. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:8324-8335. [PMID: 36186667 PMCID: PMC9520976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the molecular structure of conjugated polymers is key to advancing the field of organic electronics. In this work, we synthesized a molecularly encapsulated version of the naphthalene diimide bithiophene copolymer PNDIT2, which is among the most popular high charge mobility organic semiconductors in n-type field-effect transistors and non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaic blends. The encapsulating macrocycles shield the bithiophene units while leaving the naphthalene diimide units available for intermolecular interactions. With respect to PNDIT2, the encapsulated counterpart displays an increased backbone planarity. Molecular encapsulation prevents preaggregation of the polymer chains in common organic solvents, while it permits π-stacking in the solid state and promotes thin film crystallinity through an intermolecular-lock mechanism. Consequently, n-type semiconducting behavior is retained in field-effect transistors, although charge mobility is lower than in PNDIT2 due to the absence of the fibrillar microstructure that originates from preaggregation in solution. Hence, molecularly encapsulating conjugated polymers represent a promising chemical strategy to tune the molecular interaction in solution and the backbone conformation and to consequently control the nanomorphology of casted films without altering the electronic structure of the core polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pecorario
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
- Department
of Energy, Micro and Nanostructured Materials Laboratory—NanoLab, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/3, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Jeroen Royakkers
- Sensor
Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Pallini
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milan 20133, Italy
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5
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Wu CH, Hua CC. Solvation-Shell-Induced Entropic Repulsion and Insights into Solvent Quality of Crystalline Conjugated Polymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching H. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chi C. Hua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
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6
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Wang S, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yu X, Tian H, Han Y. Increasing the Charge Transport of P(NDI2OD-T2) by Improving the Polarization of the NDI2OD Unit along the Backbone Direction and Preaggregation via H-Bonding. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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7
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Cao Z, Leng M, Cao Y, Gu X, Fang L. How rigid are conjugated non‐ladder and ladder polymers? JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Mingwan Leng
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Yirui Cao
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
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8
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Ben Dkhil S, Perkhun P, Luo C, Müller D, Alkarsifi R, Barulina E, Avalos Quiroz YA, Margeat O, Dubas ST, Koganezawa T, Kuzuhara D, Yoshimoto N, Caddeo C, Mattoni A, Zimmermann B, Würfel U, Pfannmöller M, Bals S, Ackermann J, Videlot-Ackermann C. Direct Correlation of Nanoscale Morphology and Device Performance to Study Photocurrent Generation in Donor-Enriched Phases of Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28404-28415. [PMID: 32476409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale morphology of polymer blends is a key parameter to reach high efficiency in bulk heterojunction solar cells. Thereby, research typically focusing on optimal blend morphologies while studying nonoptimized blends may give insight into blend designs that can prove more robust against morphology defects. Here, we focus on the direct correlation of morphology and device performance of thieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-alt-benzodithiophene (PTB7):[6,6]phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends processed without additives in different donor/acceptor weight ratios. We show that while blends of a 1:1.5 ratio are composed of large donor-enriched and fullerene domains beyond the exciton diffusion length, reducing the ratio below 1:0.5 leads to blends composed purely of polymer-enriched domains. Importantly, the photocurrent density in such blends can reach values between 45 and 60% of those reached for fully optimized blends using additives. We provide here direct visual evidence that fullerenes in the donor-enriched domains are not distributed homogeneously but fluctuate locally. To this end, we performed compositional nanoscale morphology analysis of the blend using spectroscopic imaging of low-energy-loss electrons using a transmission electron microscope. Charge transport measurement in combination with molecular dynamics simulations shows that the fullerene substructures inside the polymer phase generate efficient electron transport in the polymer-enriched phase. Furthermore, we show that the formation of densely packed regions of fullerene inside the polymer phase is driven by the PTB7:PC71BM enthalpy of mixing. The occurrence of such a nanoscale network of fullerene clusters leads to a reduction of electron trap states and thus efficient extraction of photocurrent inside the polymer domain. Suitable tuning of the polymer-acceptor interaction can thus introduce acceptor subnetworks in polymer-enriched phases, improving the tolerance for high-efficiency BHJ toward morphological defects such as donor-enriched domains exceeding the exciton diffusion length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadok Ben Dkhil
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Pavlo Perkhun
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Chieh Luo
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Riva Alkarsifi
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Elena Barulina
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM, 13288 Marseille, France
- Dracula Technologies, 4 Rue Georges Auric, 26000 Valence, France
| | | | - Olivier Margeat
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stephan Thierry Dubas
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Industrial Application Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka 020 8551, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka 020 8551, Japan
| | - Claudia Caddeo
- Istituto Officina dei Material (CNR-IOM), UOS Cagliari SLACS, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattoni
- Istituto Officina dei Material (CNR-IOM), UOS Cagliari SLACS, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Birger Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uli Würfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Martin Pfannmöller
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM, 13288 Marseille, France
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9
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Organic Photovoltaics: Relating Chemical Structure, Local Morphology, and Electronic Properties. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Khim D, Luzio A, Bonacchini GE, Pace G, Lee MJ, Noh YY, Caironi M. Uniaxial Alignment of Conjugated Polymer Films for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705463. [PMID: 29582485 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors have been experiencing a remarkable improvement in electronic and optoelectronic properties, which are largely related to the recent development of a vast library of high-performance, donor-acceptor copolymers showing alternation of chemical moieties with different electronic affinities along their backbones. Such steady improvement is making conjugated polymers even more appealing for large-area and flexible electronic applications, from distributed and portable electronics to healthcare devices, where cost-effective manufacturing, light weight, and ease of integration represent key benefits. Recently, a strong boost to charge carrier mobility in polymer-based field-effect transistors, consistently achieving the range from 1.0 to 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 for both holes and electrons, has been given by uniaxial backbone alignment of polymers in thin films, inducing strong transport anisotropy and favoring enhanced transport properties along the alignment direction. Herein, an overview on this topic is provided with a focus on the processing-structure-property relationships that enable the controlled and uniform alignment of polymer films over large areas with scalable processes. The key aspects are specific molecular structures, such as planarized backbones with a reduced degree of conformational disorder, solution formulation with controlled aggregation, and deposition techniques inducing suitable directional flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Khim
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Alessandro Luzio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ernesto Bonacchini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pace
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mi-Jung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
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11
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Matsidik R, Luzio A, Askin Ö, Fazzi D, Sepe A, Steiner U, Komber H, Caironi M, Sommer M. Highly Planarized Naphthalene Diimide-Bifuran Copolymers with Unexpected Charge Transport Performance. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 29:5473-5483. [PMID: 28890605 PMCID: PMC5584907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and charge transport performance of novel copolymers PNDIFu2 made from alternating naphthalene diimide (NDI) and bifuran (Fu2) units are reported. Usage of potentially biomass-derived Fu2 as alternating repeat unit enables flattened polymer backbones due to reduced steric interactions between the imide oxygens and Fu2 units, as seen by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and UV-vis spectroscopy. Aggregation of PNDIFu2 in solution is enhanced if compared to the analogous NDI-bithiophene (T2) copolymers PNDIT2, occurring in all solvents and temperatures probed. PNDIFu2 features a smaller π-π stacking distance of 0.35 nm compared to 0.39 nm seen for PNDIT2. Alignment of aggregates in films is achieved by using off-center spin coating, whereby PNDIFu2 exhibits a stronger dichroic ratio and transport anisotropy in field-effect transistors (FET) compared to PNDIT2, with an overall good electron mobility of 0.21 cm2/(V s). Despite an enhanced backbone planarity, the smaller π-π stacking and the enhanced charge transport anisotropy, the electron mobility of PNDIFu2 is about three times lower compared to PNDIT2. Density functional theory calculations suggest that charge transport in PNDIFu2 is limited by enhanced polaron localization compared to PNDIT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiya Matsidik
- Universität
Freiburg, Institut für Makromolekulare
Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Str.
31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger
Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Luzio
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Özge Askin
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung (MPI-KOFO), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sepe
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz
Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Universität
Freiburg, Institut für Makromolekulare
Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Str.
31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger
Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT
Freiburger
Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Zerson M, Neumann M, Steyrleuthner R, Neher D, Magerle R. Surface Structure of Semicrystalline Naphthalene Diimide–Bithiophene Copolymer Films Studied with Atomic Force Microscopy. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zerson
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Martin Neumann
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Robert Steyrleuthner
- Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Robert Magerle
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
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13
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Giussani E, Brambilla L, Fazzi D, Sommer M, Kayunkid N, Brinkmann M, Castiglioni C. Structural Characterization of Highly Oriented Naphthalene-Diimide-Bithiophene Copolymer Films via Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:2062-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511451s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Giussani
- Center
for NanoScience and Technology CNST, IIT@PoliMi, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica, CMIC, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Brambilla
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica, CMIC, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (MPI-KOFO), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse
31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Navaphun Kayunkid
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue
du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut
Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue
du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chiara Castiglioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ing. Chimica, CMIC, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Fazzi D, Caironi M. Multi-length-scale relationships between the polymer molecular structure and charge transport: the case of poly-naphthalene diimide bithiophene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8573-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00523j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge transport in organic polymer semiconductors is a complex phenomenon affected by structural and electronic properties ranging over different length scales, from the molecular one up to the macro-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (MPI-KOFO)
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
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