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Durmaz EN, Sahin S, Virga E, de Beer S, de Smet LCPM, de Vos WM. Polyelectrolytes as Building Blocks for Next-Generation Membranes with Advanced Functionalities. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:4347-4374. [PMID: 34541543 PMCID: PMC8438666 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The global society is in a transition, where dealing with climate change and water scarcity are important challenges. More efficient separations of chemical species are essential to reduce energy consumption and to provide more reliable access to clean water. Here, membranes with advanced functionalities that go beyond standard separation properties can play a key role. This includes relevant functionalities, such as stimuli-responsiveness, fouling control, stability, specific selectivity, sustainability, and antimicrobial activity. Polyelectrolytes and their complexes are an especially promising system to provide advanced membrane functionalities. Here, we have reviewed recent work where advanced membrane properties stem directly from the material properties provided by polyelectrolytes. This work highlights the versatility of polyelectrolyte-based membrane modifications, where polyelectrolytes are not only applied as single layers, including brushes, but also as more complex polyelectrolyte multilayers on both porous membrane supports and dense membranes. Moreover, free-standing membranes can also be produced completely from aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions allowing much more sustainable approaches to membrane fabrication. The Review demonstrates the promise that polyelectrolytes and their complexes hold for next-generation membranes with advanced properties, while it also provides a clear outlook on the future of this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Durmaz
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Sevil Sahin
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ettore Virga
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
- Wetsus, European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water
Technology, Oostergoweg
9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. P. M. de Smet
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe M. de Vos
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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Shen MX, Zhang ZX, Yang JT, Xiong GY. Wetting Behavior and Tribological Properties of Polymer Brushes on Laser-Textured Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E981. [PMID: 31167341 PMCID: PMC6630773 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer brush layers can act as effective lubricants owing to their low friction and good controllability. However, their application to the field of tribology is limited by their poor wear resistance. This study proposes a strategy combining grafting and surface texturing to extend the service life of polymer brushes. Surface microstructure and chemical composition were measured through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Water contact angles were measured to evaluate the surface wettability of the grafted silicon-based surface texture. Results showed the distinct synergistic effect between polymer brushes and laser surface texturing (LST). The prepared polymer brushes on textured surface can be a powerful mechanism for friction reduction properties, which benefit from their strong hydration effect on the lubrication liquid and promote the formation of a local lubricating film. Moreover, the wear life of polymer brushes can be immensely extended, as micro-dimples on the textured surface can effectively protect the polymer brushes. This study presents a method to enhance the load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the grafted surface of polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xue Shen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China.
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Zhao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Tao Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Guang-Yao Xiong
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
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Kaner P, Rubakh E, Kim DH, Asatekin A. Zwitterion-containing polymer additives for fouling resistant ultrafiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Venault A, Huang CW, Zheng J, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Chang Y, Chang Y. Hemocompatible biomaterials of zwitterionic sulfobetaine hydrogels regulated with pH-responsive DMAEMA random sequences. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1055632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yang J, Chen H, Xiao S, Shen M, Chen F, Fan P, Zhong M, Zheng J. Salt-Responsive Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes with Tunable Friction and Antifouling Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9125-33. [PMID: 26245712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Development of smart, multifunction materials is challenging but important for many fundamental and industrial applications. Here, we synthesized and characterized zwitterionic poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (polyVBIPS) brushes as ion-responsive smart surfaces via the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. PolyVBIPS brushes were carefully characterized for their surface morphologies, compositions, wettability, and film thicknesses by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, and ellipsometer, respectively. Salt-responsive, switching properties of polyVBIPS brushes on surface hydration, friction, and antifouling properties were further examined and compared both in water and in salt solutions with different salt concentrations and counterion types. Collective data showed that polyVBIPS brushes exhibited reversible surface wettability switching between in water and saturated NaCl solution. PolyVBIPS brushes in water induced the larger protein absorption, higher surface friction, and lower surface hydration than those in salt solutions, exhibiting "anti-polyelectrolyte effect" salt responsive behaviors. At appropriate ionic conditions, polyVBIPs brushes were able to switch to superlow fouling surfaces (<0.3 ng/cm(2) protein adsorption) and superlow friction surfaces (u ∼ 10(-3)). The relationship between brush structure and its salt-responsive performance was also discussed. This work provides new zwitterionic surface-responsive materials with controllable antifouling and friction capabilities for multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Vivek B, Prasad E. Reusable Self-Healing Hydrogels Realized via in Situ Polymerization. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4881-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511781e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balachandran Vivek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600 036, India
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Frost S, Ulbricht M. Thermoresponsive ultrafiltration membranes for the switchable permeation and fractionation of nanoparticles. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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(3-glycidoxypropyl) Trimethoxy silane induced switchable zwitterionic membrane with high protein capture and separation properties. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cross-linked bovine serum albumin composite membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization with stimuli-response properties. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gugliuzza A. Intelligent Membranes: Dream or Reality? MEMBRANES 2013; 3:151-4. [PMID: 26791465 PMCID: PMC4021938 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intelligent materials are claimed to overcome current drawbacks associated with the attainment of high standards of life, health, security and defense. Membrane-based sensors represent a category of smart systems capable of providing a large number of benefits to different markets of textiles, biomedicine, environment, chemistry, agriculture, architecture, transport and energy. Intelligent membranes can be characterized by superior sensitivity, broader dynamic range and highly sophisticated mechanisms of autorecovery. These prerogatives are regarded as the result of multi-compartment arrays, where complementary functions can be accommodated and well-integrated. Based on the mechanism of “sense to act”, stimuli-responsive membranes adapt themselves to surrounding environments, producing desired effects such as smart regulation of transport, wetting, transcription, hydrodynamics, separation, and chemical or energy conversion. Hopefully, the design of new smart devices easier to manufacture and assemble can be realized through the integration of sensing membranes with wireless networks, looking at the ambitious challenge to establish long-distance communications. Thus, the transfer of signals to collecting systems could allow continuous and real-time monitoring of data, events and/or processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Gugliuzza
- Institute on Membrane Technology-Research National Council (ITM-CNR), c/o University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 17C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Li Q, Bi QY, Lin HH, Bian LX, Wang XL. A novel ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with controllable selectivity for protein separation. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pei Y, Travas-Sejdic J, Williams DE. Reversible electrochemical switching of polymer brushes grafted onto conducting polymer films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:8072-8083. [PMID: 22551237 DOI: 10.1021/la301031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the electrochemical switching of conformation of surface-bound polymer brushes, by grafting environmentally sensitive polymer brushes from an electrochemically active conducting polymer (ECP). Using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), we grafted zwitterionic betaine homopolymer and block copolymer brushes of poly(3-(methacryloylamido)propyl)-N,N'-dimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide) (PMPDSAH) and poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-PMPDSAH, from an initiator, surface-coupled to a poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrolyl butyric acid) film. The changes in ionic solution composition in the surface layer, resulting from oxidation and reduction of the ECP, trigger a switch in conformation of the surface-bound polymer brushes, demonstrated here by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and in a change of wettability. The switch is dependent upon temperature in a way that is analogous to the temperature-dependent solubility and aggregation of similar betaine polymers in aqueous solution but has a quite different dependence on salt concentration in solution. The switch is fully reversible and reproducible. We interpret the switching behavior in terms of a transition to a "supercollapsed" state on the surface that is controlled by ions that balance the charge state of the ECP and are adsorbed to the opposite charges of the zwitterionic graft, close to the graft-ECP interface. The behavior is significantly modified by hydrophobic interactions of the block copolymer graft. We speculate that the synergistic combination of properties embodied in these "smart" materials may find applications in electrochemical control of surface wetting and in the interaction with biomolecules and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Pei
- Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Wang L, Su YL, Zheng L, Chen W, Jiang Z. Highly efficient antifouling ultrafiltration membranes incorporating zwitterionic poly([3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]-dimethyl(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide). J Memb Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Su Y, Sun M, Wang L, Jiang Z. Ion-Pair Formation and Ion-Specific Flux of a Weak Polyelectrolyte Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:9454-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Su
- Key Laboratory for Green Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Mengping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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