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Yang W, Xia Z, Zheng J, Li F, Nan X, Du T, Han C. Reactive oxygen species play key roles in the nitrite formation by the inorganic nitrate photolysis in the presence of urban water-soluble organic carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174203. [PMID: 38909793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrates were considered to be a potential source of atmospheric NO2-/HONO during the daytime. To better evaluate the contribution of nitrate photochemistry on NO2-/HONO formation, the photolysis of nitrates in the real atmospheric environment needs to be further explored. Here, the NO2- generation by the photolysis of inorganic nitrates in the presence of total water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was quantified. The physicochemical properties of WSOC were measured to understand the underlying mechanism for the photolysis of inorganic nitrates with WSOC. WSOC enhanced or suppressed the photochemical conversion of nitrates to NO2-, with the quantum yield of NO2- (ΦNO2-) varying from (0.07 ± 0.02)% to (3.11 ± 0.04)% that depended on the light absorption properties of WSOC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from WSOC, including O2-/HO2 and OH, played a dual role in the NO2- formation. Light-absorbing substances in WSOC, such as N-containing and carbonyl aromatics, produced O2-/HO2 that enhanced the secondary conversion of NO2 to NO2-. On the other hand, OH deriving from the WSOC photochemistry inhibited the nitrate photodegradation and the NO2- formation. HONO source strength by the aqueous photolysis of nitrates with WSOC was estimated to be lower than 100 ppt h-1, which may partly contribute to the atmospheric HONO source in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjin Yang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhifu Xia
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Fu Li
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiangli Nan
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tao Du
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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2
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Li Q, Ma S, Liu Y, Wu X, Fu H, Tu X, Yan S, Zhang L, George C, Chen J. Phase State Regulates Photochemical HONO Production from NaNO 3/Dicarboxylic Acid Mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7516-7528. [PMID: 38629947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Field observations of daytime HONO source strengths have not been well explained by laboratory measurements and model predictions up until now. More efforts are urgently needed to fill the knowledge gaps concerning how environmental factors, especially relative humidity (RH), affect particulate nitrate photolysis. In this work, two critical attributes for atmospheric particles, i.e., phase state and bulk-phase acidity, both influenced by ambient RH, were focused to illuminate the key regulators for reactive nitrogen production from typical internally mixed systems, i.e., NaNO3 and dicarboxylic acid (DCA) mixtures. The dissolution of only few oxalic acid (OA) crystals resulted in a remarkable 50-fold increase in HONO production compared to pure nitrate photolysis at 85% RH. Furthermore, the HONO production rates (PHONO) increased by about 1 order of magnitude as RH rose from <5% to 95%, initially exhibiting an almost linear dependence on the amount of surface absorbed water and subsequently showing a substantial increase in PHONO once nitrate deliquescence occurred at approximately 75% RH. NaNO3/malonic acid (MA) and NaNO3/succinic acid (SA) mixtures exhibited similar phase state effects on the photochemical HONO production. These results offer a new perspective on how aerosol physicochemical properties influence particulate nitrate photolysis in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Shuaishuai Ma
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, PR China
| | - Xiang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang 330000, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Andersen ST, Carpenter LJ, Reed C, Lee JD, Chance R, Sherwen T, Vaughan AR, Stewart J, Edwards PM, Bloss WJ, Sommariva R, Crilley LR, Nott GJ, Neves L, Read K, Heard DE, Seakins PW, Whalley LK, Boustead GA, Fleming LT, Stone D, Fomba KW. Extensive field evidence for the release of HONO from the photolysis of nitrate aerosols. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd6266. [PMID: 36652523 PMCID: PMC9848427 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Particulate nitrate ([Formula: see text]) has long been considered a permanent sink for NOx (NO and NO2), removing a gaseous pollutant that is central to air quality and that influences the global self-cleansing capacity of the atmosphere. Evidence is emerging that photolysis of [Formula: see text] can recycle HONO and NOx back to the gas phase with potentially important implications for tropospheric ozone and OH budgets; however, there are substantial discrepancies in "renoxification" photolysis rate constants. Using aircraft and ground-based HONO observations in the remote Atlantic troposphere, we show evidence for renoxification occurring on mixed marine aerosols with an efficiency that increases with relative humidity and decreases with the concentration of [Formula: see text], thus largely reconciling the very large discrepancies in renoxification photolysis rate constants found across multiple laboratory and field studies. Active release of HONO from aerosol has important implications for atmospheric oxidants such as OH and O3 in both polluted and clean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone T. Andersen
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lucy J. Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - James D. Lee
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rosie Chance
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tomás Sherwen
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Adam R. Vaughan
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jordan Stewart
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Pete M. Edwards
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - William J. Bloss
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roberto Sommariva
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Leigh R. Crilley
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Luis Neves
- Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica, São Vicente (INMG), Mindelo, Cabo Verde
| | - Katie Read
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - Lisa K. Whalley
- FAAM Airborne Laboratory, Cranfield, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Stone
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
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Li F, Zhou S, Du L, Zhao J, Hang J, Wang X. Aqueous-phase chemistry of atmospheric phenolic compounds: A critical review of laboratory studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158895. [PMID: 36130630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PhCs) are crucial atmospheric pollutants typically emitted by biomass burning and receive particular concerns considering their toxicity, light-absorbing properties, and involvement in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. A comprehensive understanding of the transformation mechanisms on chemical reactions in atmospheric waters (i.e., cloud/fog droplets and aerosol liquid water) is essential to predict more precisely the atmospheric fate and environmental impacts of PhCs. Laboratory studies play a core role in providing the fundamental knowledge of aqueous-phase chemical transformations in the atmosphere. This article critically reviews recent laboratory advances in SOA formation from the aqueous-phase reactions of PhCs. It focuses primarily on the aqueous oxidation of PhCs driven by two atmospheric reactive species: OH radicals and triplet excited state organics, including the important chemical kinetics and mechanisms. The effects of inorganic components (i.e., nitrate and nitrite) and transition metal ions (i.e., soluble iron) are highlighted on the aqueous-phase transformation of PhCs and on the properties and formation mechanisms of SOA. The review is concluded with the current knowledge gaps and future perspectives for a better understanding of the atmospheric transformation and SOA formation potential of PhCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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5
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Pandit S, Grassian VH. Gas-Phase Nitrous Acid (HONO) Is Controlled by Surface Interactions of Adsorbed Nitrite (NO 2-) on Common Indoor Material Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12045-12054. [PMID: 36001734 PMCID: PMC9454260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is a household pollutant exhibiting adverse health effects and a major source of indoor OH radicals under a variety of lighting conditions. The present study focuses on gas-phase HONO and condensed-phase nitrite and nitrate formation on indoor surface thin films following heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2, in the presence and absence of light, and nitrate (NO3-) photochemistry. These thin films are composed of common building materials including zeolite, kaolinite, painted walls, and cement. Gas-phase HONO is measured using an incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced ultraviolet absorption spectrometer (IBBCEAS), whereby condensed-phase products, adsorbed nitrite and nitrate, are quantified using ion chromatography. All of the surface materials used in this study can store nitrogen oxides as nitrate, but only thin films of zeolite and cement can act as condensed-phase nitrite reservoirs. For both the photo-enhanced heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 and nitrate photochemistry, the amount of HONO produced depends on the material surface. For zeolite and cement, little HONO is produced, whereas HONO is the major product from kaolinite and painted wall surfaces. An important result of this study is that surface interactions of adsorbed nitrite are key to HONO formation, and the stronger the interaction of nitrite with the surface, the less gas-phase HONO produced.
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Wang Y, Huang DD, Huang W, Liu B, Chen Q, Huang R, Gen M, Mabato BRG, Chan CK, Li X, Hao T, Tan Y, Hoi KI, Mok KM, Li YJ. Enhanced Nitrite Production from the Aqueous Photolysis of Nitrate in the Presence of Vanillic Acid and Implications for the Roles of Light-Absorbing Organics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15694-15704. [PMID: 34784716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A prominent source of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), nitrous acid (HONO) plays a key role in tropospheric chemistry. Apart from direct emission, HONO (or its conjugate base nitrite, NO2-) can be formed secondarily in the atmosphere. Yet, how secondary HONO forms requires elucidation, especially for heterogeneous processes involving numerous organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols. We investigated nitrite production from aqueous photolysis of nitrate for a range of conditions (pH, organic compound, nitrate concentration, and cation). Upon adding small oxygenates such as ethanol, n-butanol, or formate as •OH scavengers, the average intrinsic quantum yield of nitrite [Φ(NO2-)] was 0.75 ± 0.15%. With near-UV-light-absorbing vanillic acid (VA), however, the effective Φ(NO2-) was strongly pH-dependent, reaching 8.0 ± 2.1% at a pH of 8 and 1.5 ± 0.39% at a more atmospherically relevant pH of 5. Our results suggest that brown carbon (BrC) may greatly enhance the nitrite production from the aqueous nitrate photolysis through photosensitizing reactions, where the triplet excited state of BrC may generate solvated electrons, which reduce nitrate to NO2 for further conversion to nitrite. This photosensitization process by BrC chromophores during nitrate photolysis under mildly acidic conditions may partly explain the missing HONO in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dan Dan Huang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wanyi Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Masao Gen
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Chak K Chan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yunkai Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Ka In Hoi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Kai Meng Mok
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yong Jie Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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7
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Pandit S, Mora Garcia SL, Grassian VH. HONO Production from Gypsum Surfaces Following Exposure to NO 2 and HNO 3: Roles of Relative Humidity and Light Source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9761-9772. [PMID: 34236834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous acid (HONO) is a toxic household pollutant and a major source of indoor OH radicals. The high surface-to-volume ratio and diverse lighting conditions make the indoor photochemistry of HONO complex. This study demonstrates surface uptake of NO2 and gaseous HNO3 followed by gas-phase HONO generation on gypsum surfaces, model system for drywall, under reaction conditions appropriate for an indoor air environment. Tens of parts per billion of steady-state HONO are detected under these experimental conditions. Mechanistic insight into this heterogeneous photochemistry is obtained by exploring the roles of material compositions, relative humidities, and light sources. NO2 and HNO3 are adsorbed onto drywall surfaces, which can generate HONO under illumination and under dark conditions. Photoenhanced HONO generation is observed for illumination with a solar simulator as well as with the common indoor light sources such as compact fluorescence light and incandescent light bulbs. Incandescent light sources release more HONO and NO2 near the light source compared to the solar radiation. Overall, HONO production on the gypsum surface increases with the increase of RH up to 70% relative humidity; above that, the gaseous HONO level decreases due to surface loss. Heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 is predicted to be the dominant HONO generation channel, where NO2 is produced through the photolysis of surface-adsorbed nitrates. This hydrolysis reaction predominantly occurs in the first layer of surface-adsorbed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrangshu Pandit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephanie L Mora Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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8
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Ma Q, Zhong C, Ma J, Ye C, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhang P, Chen T, Liu C, Chu B, He H. Comprehensive Study about the Photolysis of Nitrates on Mineral Oxides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8604-8612. [PMID: 34132529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrates formed on mineral dust through heterogeneous reactions in high NOx areas can undergo photolysis to regenerate NOx and potentially interfere in the photochemistry in the downwind low NOx areas. However, little is known about such renoxification processes. In this study, photolysis of various nitrates on different mineral oxides was comprehensively investigated in a flow reactor and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS). TiO2 was found much more reactive than Al2O3 and SiO2 with both NO2 and HONO as the two major photolysis products. The yields of NO2 and HONO depend on the cation basicity of the nitrate salts or the acidity of particles. As such, NH4NO3 is much more productive than other nitrates like Fe(NO3)3, Ca(NO3)2, and KNO3. SO2 and water vapor promote the photodegradation by increasing the surface acidity due to the photoinduced formation of H2SO4/sulfate and H+, respectively. O2 enables the photo-oxidation of NOx to regenerate nitrate and thus inhibits the NOx yield. Overall, our results demonstrated that the photolysis of nitrate can be accelerated under complex air pollution conditions, which are helpful for understanding the transformation of nitrate and the nitrogen cycle in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunxiang Ye
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Center for Environment and Health, and College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Wang T, Liu Y, Deng Y, Cheng H, Yang Y, Zhang L. Photochemical reaction of NO2 on photoactive mineral dust: Mechanism and irradiation intensity dependence. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Shi Q, Tao Y, Krechmer JE, Heald CL, Murphy JG, Kroll JH, Ye Q. Laboratory Investigation of Renoxification from the Photolysis of Inorganic Particulate Nitrate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:854-861. [PMID: 33393757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) play a key role in regulating the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere through controlling the abundance of O3, OH, and other important gas and particle species. Some recent studies have suggested that particulate nitrate, which is conventionally considered as the ultimate oxidation product of NOx, can undergo "renoxification" via photolysis, recycling NOx and HONO back to the gas phase. However, there are large discrepancies in estimates of the importance of this channel, with reported renoxification rate constants spanning three orders of magnitude. In addition, previous laboratory studies derived the rate constant using bulk particle samples collected on substrates instead of suspended particles. In this work, we study renoxification of suspended submicron particulate sodium and ammonium nitrate through controlled laboratory photolysis experiments using an environmental chamber. We find that, under atmospherically relevant wavelengths and relative humidities, particulate inorganic nitrate releases NOx and HONO less than 10 times as rapidly as gaseous nitric acid, putting our measurements on the low end of recently reported renoxification rate constants. To the extent that our laboratory conditions are representative of the real atmosphere, renoxification from the photolysis of inorganic particulate nitrate appears to play a limited role in contributing to the NOx and OH budgets in remote environments. These results are based on simplified model systems; future studies should investigate renoxification of more complex aerosol mixtures that represent a broader spectrum of aerosol properties to better constrain the photolysis of ambient aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Shi
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Incorporated, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Colette L Heald
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer G Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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McFall AS, Edwards KC, Anastasio C. Nitrate Photochemistry at the Air-Ice Interface and in Other Ice Reservoirs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5710-5717. [PMID: 29667816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of snowpack nitrate (NO3-) is an important source of gaseous reactive nitrogen species that affect atmospheric oxidants, particularly in remote regions. However, it is unclear whether nitrate photochemistry differs between the three solute reservoirs in/on ice: in liquid-like regions (LLRs) in the ice; within the solid ice matrix; and in a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at the air-ice interface, where past work indicates photolysis is enhanced. In this work, we explore the photoformation of nitrite in these reservoirs using laboratory ices. Nitrite quantum yields, Φ(NO2-), at 313 nm for aqueous and LLR ice samples agree with previous values, e.g., 0.65 ± 0.07% at -10 °C. For ice samples made via flash-freezing solution in liquid nitrogen, where nitrate is possibly present as a solid solution, the nitrite quantum yield is 0.57 ± 0.05% at -10 °C, similar to the LLR results. In contrast, the quantum yield at the air-ice interface is enhanced by a factor of 3.7 relative to LLRs, with a value of 2.39 ± 0.24%. These results indicate nitrate photolysis is enhanced at the air-ice interface, although the importance of this enhancement in the environment depends on the amount of nitrate present at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S McFall
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Kasey C Edwards
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Benedict KB, Anastasio C. Quantum Yields of Nitrite (NO2–) from the Photolysis of Nitrate (NO3–) in Ice at 313 nm. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8474-8483. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B. Benedict
- Department of Land, Air,
and Water Resources, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air,
and Water Resources, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Benedict KB, McFall AS, Anastasio C. Quantum Yield of Nitrite from the Photolysis of Aqueous Nitrate above 300 nm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4387-4395. [PMID: 28340298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of nitrate (NO3-) produces reactive nitrogen and oxygen species via three different channels, forming: (1) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH), (2) nitrite (NO2-) and oxygen atom (O(3P)), and (3) peroxynitrite (ONOO-). These photoproducts are important oxidants and reactants in surface waters, atmospheric drops, and snowpacks. While the efficiency of the first channel, to form NO2, is well documented, a large range of values have been reported for the second channel, nitrite, above 300 nm. In part, this disagreement reflects secondary chemistry that can produce or destroy nitrite. In this study, we examine factors that influence nitrite production and find that pH, nitrate concentration, and the presence of an •OH scavenger can be important. We measure an average nitrite quantum yield (Φ(NO2-)) of (1.1 ± 0.2)% (313 nm, 50 μM nitrate, pH ≥ 5), which is at the upper end of past measurements and an order of magnitude above the smallest-and most commonly cited-value reported for this channel. Nitrite production is often considered a very minor channel in nitrate photolysis, but our results indicate it is as important as the NO2 channel. In contrast, at 313 nm we observe no formation of peroxynitrite, corresponding to Φ(ONOO-) < 0.26%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Benedict
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California Davis Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexander S McFall
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California Davis Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cort Anastasio
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources University of California Davis Davis, California 95616, United States
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14
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Jones KK, Eckler LH, Nee MJ. Effect of Ionic Strength on Solvation Geometries in Aqueous Nitrate Ion Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2322-2330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konnor K. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
| | - Logan H. Eckler
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
| | - Matthew J. Nee
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
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Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Marcotte G, Marchand P, Pronovost S, Ayotte P, Laffon C, Parent P. Surface-Enhanced Nitrate Photolysis on Ice. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1996-2005. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511173w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Marcotte
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Patrick Marchand
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Stéphanie Pronovost
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Patrick Ayotte
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Carine Laffon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parent
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
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Lesko DMB, Coddens EM, Swomley HD, Welch RM, Borgatta J, Navea JG. Photochemistry of nitrate chemisorbed on various metal oxide surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols are known to provide an important surface for gas–solid interfaces that can lead to heterogeneous reactions impacting tropospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jaya Borgatta
- Chemistry Department
- Skidmore College
- Saratoga Springs
- USA
| | - Juan G. Navea
- Chemistry Department
- Skidmore College
- Saratoga Springs
- USA
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19
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Song YC, Ryu J, Malek MA, Jung HJ, Ro CU. Chemical Speciation of Individual Airborne Particles by the Combined Use of Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform-Infrared Imaging Techniques. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7987-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1014113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Song
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - JiYeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Malek
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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20
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Reactions at surfaces in the atmosphere: integration of experiments and theory as necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for predicting the physical chemistry of aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7760-79. [DOI: 10.1039/b906540g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Baltrusaitis J, Jayaweera PM, Grassian VH. XPS study of nitrogen dioxide adsorption on metal oxide particle surfaces under different environmental conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8295-305. [DOI: 10.1039/b907584d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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