Photodissociation of dicarbon: How nature breaks an unusual multiple bond.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021;
118:2113315118. [PMID:
34930845 PMCID:
PMC8719853 DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2113315118]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been observed that the coma of a comet is often green while its tail is not. While the explanation for this must be that the molecules responsible for the green emission, C2, are photodissociated, the mechanism was, until now, unknown. We have observed the photodissociation of C2 in the laboratory for the first time and, in doing so, have determined its bond dissociation energy with unprecedented precision. Invoking the observed mechanism, the calculated lifetime of cometary C2 is found to be consistent with astronomical observations.
The dicarbon molecule (C2) is found in flames, comets, stars, and the diffuse interstellar medium. In comets, it is responsible for the green color of the coma, but it is not found in the tail. It has long been held to photodissociate in sunlight with a lifetime precluding observation in the tail, but the mechanism was not known. Here we directly observe photodissociation of C2. From the speed of the recoiling carbon atoms, a bond dissociation energy of 602.804(29) kJ·mol−1 is determined, with an uncertainty comparable to its more experimentally accessible N2 and O2 counterparts. The value is within 0.03 kJ·mol−1 of high-level quantum theory. This work shows that, to break the quadruple bond of C2 using sunlight, the molecule must absorb two photons and undergo two “forbidden” transitions.
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