1
|
Weeraratna C, Tang X, Kostko O, Rapp VH, Gundel LA, Destaillats H, Ahmed M. Fraction of Free-Base Nicotine in Simulated Vaping Aerosol Particles Determined by X-ray Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1279-1287. [PMID: 36720001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of electronic cigarettes is exacerbating the youth vaping epidemic by incorporating additives that increase the acidity of generated aerosols, which facilitate uptake of high nicotine levels. We need to better understand the chemical speciation of vaping aerosols to assess the impact of acidification. Here we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to probe the acid-base equilibria of nicotine in hydrated vaping aerosols. We show that, unlike the behavior observed in bulk water, nicotine in the core of aqueous particles was partially protonated when the pH of the nebulized solution was 10.4, with a fraction of free-base nicotine (αFB) of 0.34. Nicotine was further protonated by acidification with equimolar addition of benzoic acid (αFB = 0.17 at pH 6.2). By contrast, the degree of nicotine protonation at the particle surface was significantly lower, with 0.72 < αFB < 0.80 in the same pH range. The presence of propylene glycol and glycerol completely eliminated protonation of nicotine at the surface (αFB = 1) while not affecting significantly its acid-base equilibrium in the particle core. These results provide a better understanding of the role of acidifying additives in vaping aerosols, supporting public health policy interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Weeraratna
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Vi H Rapp
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Lara A Gundel
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meyer F, Blum M, Benkert A, Hauschild D, Jeyachandran YL, Wilks RG, Yang W, Bär M, Reinert F, Heske C, Zharnikov M, Weinhardt L. Site-specific electronic structure of imidazole and imidazolium in aqueous solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures of aqueous imidazole and imidazolium solutions are studied in an atom- and site-specific fashion using soft X-ray spectroscopy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith JW, Saykally RJ. Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Liquids and Solutions. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13909-13934. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard J. Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prémont-Schwarz M, Schreck S, Iannuzzi M, Nibbering ETJ, Odelius M, Wernet P. Correlating Infrared and X-ray Absorption Energies for Molecular-Level Insight into Hydrogen Bond Making and Breaking in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:8115-24. [PMID: 26029818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While ubiquitous, the making and breaking of hydrogen bonds in solution is notoriously difficult to study due to the associated complex changes of nuclear and electronic structures. With the aim to reduce the according uncertainty in correlating experimental observables and hydrogen-bond configurations, we combine the information from proximate methods to study the N-H···O hydrogen bond in solution. We investigate hydrogen-bonding of the N-H group of N-methylaniline with oxygen from liquid DMSO and acetone with infrared spectra in the N-H stretching region and X-ray absorption spectra at the N K-edge. We experimentally observe blue shifts of the infrared stretching band and an X-ray absorption pre-edge peak when going from DMSO to acetone. With ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and calculated spectra, we qualitatively reproduce the experimental observables but we do not reach quantitative agreement with experiment. The infrared spectra support the notion of weakening the N-H···O hydrogen bond from DMSO to acetone. However, we fail to theoretically reproduce the measured shift of the X-ray absorption pre-edge peak. We discuss possible shortcomings of the simulation models and spectrum calculations. Common features and distinct differences with the O-H···O hydrogen bond are highlighted, and the implications for monitoring hydrogen-bond breaking in solution are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirabelle Prémont-Schwarz
- †Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schreck
- ‡Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,∥Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- §Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik T J Nibbering
- †Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Odelius
- ∥Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,#Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Wernet
- ‡Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stawikowski MJ, Stawikowska R, Fields GB. Collagenolytic Matrix Metalloproteinase Activities toward Peptomeric Triple-Helical Substrates. Biochemistry 2015; 54:3110-21. [PMID: 25897652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) possess common domain organizations, there are subtle differences in their processing of collagenous triple-helical substrates. In this study, we have incorporated peptoid residues into collagen model triple-helical peptides and examined MMP activities toward these peptomeric chimeras. Several different peptoid residues were incorporated into triple-helical substrates at subsites P3, P1, P1', and P10' individually or in combination, and the effects of the peptoid residues were evaluated on the activities of full-length MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13, and MMP-14/MT1-MMP. Most peptomers showed little discrimination between MMPs. However, a peptomer containing N-methyl Gly (sarcosine) in the P1' subsite and N-isobutyl Gly (NLeu) in the P10' subsite was hydrolyzed efficiently only by MMP-13 [nomenclature relative to the α1(I)772-786 sequence]. Cleavage site analysis showed hydrolysis at the Gly-Gln bond, indicating a shifted binding of the triple helix compared to the parent sequence. Favorable hydrolysis by MMP-13 was not due to sequence specificity or instability of the substrate triple helix but rather was based on the specific interactions of the P7' peptoid residue with the MMP-13 hemopexin-like domain. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer triple-helical peptomer was constructed and found to be readily processed by MMP-13, not cleaved by MMP-1 and MMP-8, and weakly hydrolyzed by MT1-MMP. The influence of the triple-helical structure containing peptoid residues on the interaction between MMP subsites and individual substrate residues may provide additional information about the mechanism of collagenolysis, the understanding of collagen specificity, and the design of selective MMP probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Stawikowski
- †Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States.,‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Roma Stawikowska
- †Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States.,‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Gregg B Fields
- †Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States.,‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States.,§The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Makino A. Morphology control of molecular assemblies prepared from bio-based amphiphilic polymers with a helical hydrophobic unit and application as nanocarriers for contrast agents and/or drug delivery. Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2014.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Pascal TA, Boesenberg U, Kostecki R, Richardson TJ, Weng TC, Sokaras D, Nordlund D, McDermott E, Moewes A, Cabana J, Prendergast D. Finite temperature effects on the X-ray absorption spectra of lithium compounds: First-principles interpretation of X-ray Raman measurements. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:034107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4856835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
8
|
Sharma P, Singh DK, Gupta V, Asthana BP, Mishra PC, Singh RK. Study of hydration of sarcosine, formation of its zwitterion and their different oligomers in aqueous media: a Raman spectroscopic and theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 116:74-83. [PMID: 23912045 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectra of the biologically important molecule sarcosine (SAR) (C3H7NO2) were studied experimentally in aqueous solution at different concentrations. These spectra were also calculated theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. Further, all the observed normal modes were assigned through potential energy distribution (PED). Geometry optimization of SAR produced its three conformers with slightly different energies. The lowest energy conformer of SAR was selected for a systematic solvation study wherein different numbers of water molecules (nW, n=1-9) were placed near it. In the SAR-9W complex, the SAR molecule is located almost at the center of the cage of 9 water molecules. Geometries of different oligomers of SAR (dimer, trimer, tetramer and pentamer) were also optimized in aqueous media taking the input structures from crystallographic data and using the polarizable continuum (PCM). Proton transfer required for the formation of the zwitterionic form of SAR was found to occur when the number of water molecules in the first hydration shell was six or more.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Sharma
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fürniss D, Mack T, Hahn F, Vollrath SBL, Koroniak K, Schepers U, Bräse S. Peptoids and polyamines going sweet: Modular synthesis of glycosylated peptoids and polyamines using click chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:56-63. [PMID: 23399592 PMCID: PMC3566861 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar moieties are present in a wide range of bioactive molecules. Thus, having versatile and fast methods for the decoration of biomimetic molecules with sugars is of fundamental importance. The glycosylation of peptoids and polyamines as examples of such biomimetic molecules is reported here. The method uses Cu-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition to promote the reaction of azidosugars with either polyamines or peptoids. In addition, functionalized nucleic acids were attached to polyamines via the same route. Based on a modular solid-phase synthesis of peralkynylated peptoids with up to six alkyne groups, the latter were modified with azidosugar building blocks by using copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloadditions. In addition, the up-scaling of some particular azide-modified sugars is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fürniss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li H, Hua W, Lin Z, Luo Y. First-Principles Study on Core-Level Spectroscopy of Arginine in Gas and Solid Phases. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12641-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302309u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory
for
Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230026, China
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weijie Hua
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zijing Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory
for
Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory
for
Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui, 230026, China
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry
and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hua W, Ai YJ, Gao B, Li H, Ågren H, Luo Y. X-ray spectroscopy of blocked alanine in water solution from supermolecular and supermolecular-continuum solvation models: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9666-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Investigation of protein conformation and interactions with salts via X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14008-13. [PMID: 20660784 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006435107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen K-edge spectra of aqueous triglycine were measured using liquid microjets, and the effects of Hofmeister-active salts on the spectra were observed. Spectra simulated using density functional theory, sampled from room temperature classical molecular dynamics trajectories, capture all major features in the measured spectra. The spectrum of triglycine in water is quite similar to that in the presence of chaotropic sodium bromide (and other halides), which raises the solubility of proteins. However, a new feature is found when kosmotropic Na(2)SO(3), which lowers solubility, is present; this feature results from excitations of the nitrogen atom in the terminal amino group of triglycine. Both direct interactions between this salt and the protonated amino terminus, as well as corresponding changes in the conformational dynamics of the system, contribute to this new feature. These molecular measurements support a different mechanism for the Hofmeister effect than has previously been suggested based on thermodynamic measurements. It is also shown that near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is sensitive to strong direct interaction between certain salts and charged peptides. However, by investigating the sensitivity of NEXAFS to the extreme structural differences between model beta-sheets and alpha-helices, we conclude that this technique is relatively insensitive to secondary structure of peptides and proteins.
Collapse
|