1
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Bindra JK, Malavath T, Teferi MY, Kretzschmar M, Kern J, Niklas J, Utschig LM, Poluektov OG. Light-Induced Charge Separation in Photosystem I from Different Biological Species Characterized by Multifrequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8188. [PMID: 39125759 PMCID: PMC11311511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) serves as a model system for studying fundamental processes such as electron transfer (ET) and energy conversion, which are not only central to photosynthesis but also have broader implications for bioenergy production and biomimetic device design. In this study, we employed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to investigate key light-induced charge separation steps in PSI isolated from several green algal and cyanobacterial species. Following photoexcitation, rapid sequential ET occurs through either of two quasi-symmetric branches of donor/acceptor cofactors embedded within the protein core, termed the A and B branches. Using high-frequency (130 GHz) time-resolved EPR (TR-EPR) and deuteration techniques to enhance spectral resolution, we observed that at low temperatures prokaryotic PSI exhibits reversible ET in the A branch and irreversible ET in the B branch, while PSI from eukaryotic counterparts displays either reversible ET in both branches or exclusively in the B branch. Furthermore, we observed a notable correlation between low-temperature charge separation to the terminal [4Fe-4S] clusters of PSI, termed FA and FB, as reflected in the measured FA/FB ratio. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanistic diversity of PSI's ET across different species and underscore the importance of experimental design in resolving these differences. Though further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the evolutionary significance of these variations in PSI charge separation, this study sets the stage for future investigations into the complex interplay between protein structure, ET pathways, and the environmental adaptations of photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen K. Bindra
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Tirupathi Malavath
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Mandefro Y. Teferi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Moritz Kretzschmar
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Kern
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jens Niklas
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Lisa M. Utschig
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
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2
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Panariti D, Conron SM, Zhang J, Wasielewski MR, Di Valentin M, Tait CE. Control of excitation selectivity in pulse EPR on spin-correlated radical pairs with shaped pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3842-3856. [PMID: 38221856 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Spin-correlated radical pairs generated by photoinduced electron transfer are characterised by a distinctive spin polarisation and a unique behaviour in pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Under non-selective excitation, an out-of-phase echo signal modulated by the dipolar and exchange coupling interactions characterising the radical pair is observed and allows extraction of geometric information in the two-pulse out-of-phase electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) experiment. The investigation of the role of spin-correlated radical pairs in a variety of biological processes and in the fundamental mechanisms underlying device function in optoelectronics, as well as their potential use in quantum information science, relies on the ability to precisely address and manipulate the spins using microwave pulses. Here, we explore the use of shaped pulses for controlled narrowband selective and broadband non-selective excitation of spin-correlated radical pairs in two model donor-bridge-acceptor triads, characterised by different spectral widths, at X- and Q-band frequencies. We demonstrate selective excitation with close to rectangular excitation profiles using BURP (band-selective, uniform response, pure-phase) pulses and complete non-selective excitation of both spins of the radical pair using frequency-swept chirp pulses. The use of frequency-swept pulses in out-of-phase ESEEM experiments enables increased modulation depths and, combined with echo transient detection and Fourier transformation, correlation of the dipolar frequencies with the EPR spectrum and therefore the potential to extract additional information on the donor-acceptor pair geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Panariti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sarah M Conron
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, and Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, and Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physics Program, and Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | | | - Claudia E Tait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
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3
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Bindra JK, Niklas J, Jeong Y, Jasper AW, Kretzschmar M, Kern J, Utschig LM, Poluektov OG. Coherences of Photoinduced Electron Spin Qubit Pair States in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10108-10117. [PMID: 37980604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This publication presents the first comprehensive experimental study of electron spin coherences in photosynthetic reaction center proteins, specifically focusing on photosystem I (PSI). The ultrafast electron transfer in PSI generates spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs), which are entangled spin pairs formed in well-defined spin states (Bell states). Since their discovery in our group in the 1980s, SCRPs have been extensively used to enhance our understanding of structure-function relationships in photosynthetic proteins. More recently, SCRPs have been utilized as tools for quantum sensing. Electron spin decoherence poses a significant challenge in realizing practical applications of electron spin qubits, particularly the creation of quantum entanglement between multiple electron spins. This work is focused on the systematic characterization of decoherence in SCRPs of PSI. These decoherence times were measured as electron spin echo decay times, termed phase memory times (TM), at various temperatures. Decoherence was recorded on both transient SCRP states P700+A1- and thermalized states. Our study reveals that TM exhibits minimal dependence on the biological species, biochemical treatment, and paramagnetic species. The analysis indicates that nuclear spin diffusion and instantaneous diffusion mechanisms alone cannot explain the observed decoherence. As a plausible explanation we discuss the assumption that the low-temperature dynamics of methyl groups in the protein surrounding the unpaired electron spin centers is the main factor governing the loss of the spin coherence in PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen K Bindra
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yeonjun Jeong
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ahren W Jasper
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Moritz Kretzschmar
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lisa M Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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4
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Ren Y, Hore PJ. Conditions for EPR detection of chirality-induced spin selectivity in spin-polarized radical pairs in isotropic solution. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:145104. [PMID: 37819000 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral molecules can act as spin filters, preferentially transmitting electrons with spins polarized along their direction of travel, an effect known as chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS). In a typical experiment, injected electrons tunnel coherently through a layer of chiral material and emerge spin-polarized. It is also possible that spin polarization arises in radical pairs formed photochemically when electrons hop incoherently between donor and acceptor sites. Here we aim to identify the magnetic properties that would optimise the visibility of CISS polarization in time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of transient radical pairs without the need to orient or align their precursors. By simulating spectra of actual and model systems, we find that CISS contributions to the polarization should be most obvious when at least one of the radicals has small g-anisotropy and an inhomogeneous linewidth larger than the dipolar coupling of the two radicals. Under these conditions there is extensive cancellation of absorptive and emissive enhancements making the spectrum sensitive to small changes in the individual EPR line intensities. Although these cancellation effects are more pronounced at lower spectrometer frequencies, the spectral changes are easier to appreciate with the enhanced resolution afforded by high-frequency EPR. Consideration of published spectra of light-induced radical pairs in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centres reveals no significant CISS component in the polarization generated by the conventional spin-correlated radical pair mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P J Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Tait CE, Krzyaniak MD, Stoll S. Computational tools for the simulation and analysis of spin-polarized EPR spectra. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 349:107410. [PMID: 36870248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The EPR spectra of paramagnetic species induced by photoexcitation typically exhibit enhanced absorptive and emissive features resulting from sublevel populations that differ from thermal equilibrium. The populations and the resulting spin polarization of the spectra are dictated by the selectivity of the photophysical process generating the observed state. Simulation of the spin-polarized EPR spectra is crucial in the characterization of both the dynamics of formation of the photoexcited state as well as its electronic and structural properties. EasySpin, the simulation toolbox for EPR spectroscopy, now includes extended support for the simulation of the EPR spectra of spin-polarized states of arbitrary spin multiplicity and formed by a variety of different mechanisms, including photoexcited triplet states populated by intersystem crossing, charge recombination or spin polarization transfer, spin-correlated radical pairs created by photoinduced electron transfer, triplet pairs formed by singlet fission and multiplet states arising from photoexcitation in systems containing chromophores and stable radicals. In this paper, we highlight EasySpin's capabilities for the simulation of spin-polarized EPR spectra on the basis of illustrative examples from the literature in a variety of fields ranging across chemistry, biology, material science and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Tait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston 60208, IL, United States
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, United States
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6
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Poluektov OG, Utschig LM. Quantum Sensing of Electron Transfer Pathways in Natural Photosynthesis Using Time-Resolved High-Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance/Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4025-4030. [PMID: 33877826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic integral membrane reaction center (RC) proteins capture and convert sunlight into chemical energy via efficient charge separation achieved through a series of rapid, photoinitiated electron transfer steps. These fast electron transfers create an entangled spin qubit (radical) pair that contains detailed information about the weak magnetic interactions, structure, and dynamics of localized protein environments involved in charge separation events. Herein, we investigate how these entangled electron spin qubits interact with nuclear spins of the protein environment using the high spectral resolution of 130 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). Spectroscopic interrogation enabled the observation and probing of protons located in the electron transfer pathway between the membrane-spanning electron pair P+QA- (where P+ is the primary donor, a special pair of bacteriochlorophylls, and QA is the primary quinone acceptor) in the bacterial RC. Spectroscopic analysis reveals hydrogen-bonding interactions involved in regulating the route that light-induced electrons travel through the RC protein during charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lisa M Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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7
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Matysik J, Ding Y, Kim Y, Kurle P, Yurkovskaya A, Ivanov K, Alia A. Photo-CIDNP in Solid State. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 53:521-537. [PMID: 33840910 PMCID: PMC8021640 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photo-CIDNP (photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) refers to nuclear polarization created by the spin-chemical evolution of spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs). This phenomenon occurs in gases, liquids and solids. Based on the solid-state photo-CIDNP effect observed under magic-angle spinning (MAS), photo-CIDNP MAS NMR has been developed as analytical method. Here we report the origin, the theory and the state of the art of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Matysik
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yonghong Ding
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yunmi Kim
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Kurle
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Konstantin Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A. Alia
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Poluektov OG, Niklas J, Utschig LM. Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs as Quantum Sensors of Bidirectional ET Mechanisms in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7536-7544. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lisa M. Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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9
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Kraffert F, Behrends J. Spin-correlated doublet pairs as intermediate states in charge separation processes. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1278479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kraffert
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Behrends
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Fuki M, Murai H, Tachikawa T, Kobori Y. Time Resolved EPR Study on the Photoinduced Long-Range Charge-Separated State in Protein: Electron Tunneling Mediated by Arginine Residue in Human Serum Albumin. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4365-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Fuki
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya
Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hisao Murai
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya
Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkoudai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkoudai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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11
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Miura T, Tao R, Shibata S, Umeyama T, Tachikawa T, Imahori H, Kobori Y. Geometries, Electronic Couplings, and Hole Dissociation Dynamics of Photoinduced Electron–Hole Pairs in Polyhexylthiophene–Fullerene Dyads Rigidly Linked by Oligophenylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5879-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Miura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ran Tao
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Sho Shibata
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Umeyama
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute
for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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12
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Ishara Silva K, Jagannathan B, Golbeck JH, Lakshmi KV. Elucidating the design principles of photosynthetic electron-transfer proteins by site-directed spin labeling EPR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:548-556. [PMID: 26334844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to determine solvent accessibility, side-chain dynamics, and inter-spin distances at specific sites in biological macromolecules. This information provides important insights into the structure and dynamics of both natural and designed proteins and protein complexes. Here, we discuss the application of SDSL EPR spectroscopy in probing the charge-transfer cofactors in photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) such as photosystem I (PSI) and the bacterial reaction center (bRC). Photosynthetic RCs are large multi-subunit proteins (molecular weight≥300 kDa) that perform light-driven charge transfer reactions in photosynthesis. These reactions are carried out by cofactors that are paramagnetic in one of their oxidation states. This renders the RCs unsuitable for conventional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations. However, the presence of native paramagnetic centers and the ability to covalently attach site-directed spin labels in RCs makes them ideally suited for the application of SDSL EPR spectroscopy. The paramagnetic centers serve as probes of conformational changes, dynamics of subunit assembly, and the relative motion of cofactors and peptide subunits. In this review, we describe novel applications of SDSL EPR spectroscopy for elucidating the effects of local structure and dynamics on the electron-transfer cofactors of photosynthetic RCs. Because SDSL EPR Spectroscopy is uniquely suited to provide dynamic information on protein motion, it is a particularly useful method in the engineering and analysis of designed electron transfer proteins and protein networks. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biodesign for Bioenergetics--the design and engineering of electronic transfer cofactors, proteins and protein networks, edited by Ronald L. Koder and J.L. Ross Anderson.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishara Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180; The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Bharat Jagannathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180; The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180.
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13
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Kobori Y, Miura T. Overcoming Coulombic Traps: Geometry and Electronic Characterizations of Light-Induced Separated Spins at the Bulk Heterojunction Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:113-123. [PMID: 26263099 DOI: 10.1021/jz5023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress is overviewed on experimental elucidations of fundamental molecular functions of the light-energy conversions by the photoactive layers of the organic photovoltalic (OPV) cells by means of the time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Positions and orientations of the unpaired electrons and electronic coupling matrix elements are clarified in photoinduced, primary charge-separated (CS) states. Connections between the molecular geometries and the electronic couplings have been characterized for the initial CS states to elucidate how the structure, orbital delocalization, and molecular libration play roles on exothermic carrier dissociation via a vibrationally relaxed charge-transfer complex with prevention of the energy-wasting charge recombination. Superior functions to biological molecules are presented for the efficient photocurrent generations induced by orbital delocalization and by shallow trap depths at polymer-stacking domains. The above structural and electronic characteristics of the primary electron-hole pairs are essential to evaluations, designs, and developments of the efficient solar cells using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kobori
- §Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- †PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taku Miura
- §Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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14
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Savitsky A, Niklas J, Golbeck JH, Möbius K, Lubitz W. Orientation Resolving Dipolar High-Field EPR Spectroscopy on Disordered Solids: II. Structure of Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11184-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401573z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Savitsky
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470
Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - J. Niklas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470
Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - J. H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry
and
Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - K. Möbius
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470
Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin,
Germany
| | - W. Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470
Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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15
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Berthold T, Donner von Gromoff E, Santabarbara S, Stehle P, Link G, Poluektov OG, Heathcote P, Beck CF, Thurnauer MC, Kothe G. Exploring the Electron Transfer Pathways in Photosystem I by High-Time-Resolution Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Observation of the B-Side Radical Pair P700+A1B– in Whole Cells of the Deuterated Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at Cryogenic Temperatures. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5563-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208806g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Berthold
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- School of Biological
and Chemical
Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Stehle
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Gerhard Link
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peter Heathcote
- School of Biological
and Chemical
Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph F. Beck
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Marion C. Thurnauer
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gerd Kothe
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
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16
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Kobori Y, Fuki M. Protein–Ligand Structure and Electronic Coupling of Photoinduced Charge-Separated State: 9,10-Anthraquinone-1-sulfonate Bound to Human Serum Albumin. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16770-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206898j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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17
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Witwicki M, Jezierska J. Effects of Solvents, Ligand Aromaticity, and Coordination Sphere on the g Tensor of Anionic o-Semiquinone Radicals Complexed by Mg2+ Ions: DFT Studies. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:3172-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., Wroclaw 50-283, Poland
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., Wroclaw 50-283, Poland
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18
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Santabarbara S, Kuprov I, Poluektov O, Casal A, Russell CA, Purton S, Evans MCW. Directionality of Electron-Transfer Reactions in Photosystem I of Prokaryotes: Universality of the Bidirectional Electron-Transfer Model. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:15158-71. [PMID: 20977227 DOI: 10.1021/jp1044018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santabarbara
- Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; and School of Biological
| | - Ilya Kuprov
- Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; and School of Biological
| | - Oleg Poluektov
- Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; and School of Biological
| | - Antonio Casal
- Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; and School of Biological
| | - Charlotte A. Russell
- Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; and School of Biological
| | - Saul Purton
- Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; and School of Biological
| | - Michael C. W. Evans
- Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, Scotland, United Kingdom; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom; Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; and School of Biological
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19
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Witwicki M, Jezierska J. Protic and aprotic solvent effect on molecular properties and g-tensors of o-semiquinones with various aromacity and heteroatoms: A DFT study. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Kobori Y, Fuki M, Murai H. Electron Spin Polarization Transfer to the Charge-Separated State from Locally Excited Triplet Configuration: Theory and Its Application to Characterization of Geometry and Electronic Coupling in the Electron Donor−Acceptor System. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14621-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Surugaku, Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Masaaki Fuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Surugaku, Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Hisao Murai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Surugaku, Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
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21
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Niklas J, Gopta O, Epel B, Lubitz W, Antonkine ML. Investigation of the Stationary and Transient A(1) Radical in Trp --> Phe Mutants of Photosystem I. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2010; 38:187-203. [PMID: 20495604 PMCID: PMC2860100 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-009-0112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PS I) contains two symmetric branches of electron transfer cofactors. In both the A- and B-branches, the phylloquinone in the A(1) site is pi-stacked with a tryptophan residue and is H-bonded to the backbone nitrogen of a leucine residue. In this work, we use optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies to investigate cyanobacterial PS I complexes, where these tryptophan residues are changed to phenylalanine. The time-resolved optical data show that backward electron transfer from the terminal electron acceptors to P(700) (.+) is affected in the A- and B-branch mutants, both at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. These results suggest that the quinones in both branches take part in electron transport at all temperatures. The electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra of the spin-correlated radical pair P(700) (.+)A(1) (.-) and the photoaccumulated radical anion A(1) (.-), recorded at cryogenic temperature, allowed the identification of characteristic resonances belonging to protons of the methyl group, some of the ring protons and the proton hydrogen-bonded to phylloquinone in the wild type and both mutants. Significant changes in PS I isolated from the A-branch mutant are detected, while PS I isolated from the B-branch mutant shows the spectral characteristics of wild-type PS I. A possible short-lived B-branch radical pair cannot be detected by EPR due to the available time resolution; therefore, only the A-branch quinone is observed under conditions typically employed for EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Niklas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Oxana Gopta
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Vorob’evi Gori, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Epel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mikhail L. Antonkine
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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22
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Srinivasan N, Golbeck JH. Protein–cofactor interactions in bioenergetic complexes: The role of the A1A and A1B phylloquinones in Photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:1057-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Niklas J, Epel B, Antonkine ML, Sinnecker S, Pandelia ME, Lubitz W. Electronic Structure of the Quinone Radical Anion A1•− of Photosystem I Investigated by Advanced Pulse EPR and ENDOR Techniques. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10367-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901890z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Niklas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Epel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikhail L. Antonkine
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sinnecker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria-Eirini Pandelia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany, and Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Solvent effect on EPR, molecular and electronic properties of semiquinone radical derived from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid as model for humic acid transient radicals: High-field EPR and DFT studies. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Srinivasan N, Karyagina I, Bittl R, van der Est A, Golbeck JH. Role of the Hydrogen Bond from Leu722 to the A1A Phylloquinone in Photosystem I. Biochemistry 2009; 48:3315-24. [DOI: 10.1021/bi802340s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Institut für Experimental Physik, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Irina Karyagina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Institut für Experimental Physik, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Robert Bittl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Institut für Experimental Physik, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Institut für Experimental Physik, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - John H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, Institut für Experimental Physik, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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26
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Poluektov OG, Paschenko SV, Utschig LM. Spin-dynamics of the spin-correlated radical pair in photosystem I. Pulsed time-resolved EPR at high magnetic field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6750-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b906521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Wraight CA, Gunner MR. The Acceptor Quinones of Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria — Structure and Spectroscopy. THE PURPLE PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8815-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Witwicki M, Jaszewski AR, Jezierska J, Jerzykiewicz M, Jezierski A. The pH-induced shift in the g-tensor components of semiquinone-type radicals in humic acids – DFT and EPR studies. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Bender SL, Keough JM, Boesch SE, Wheeler RA, Barry BA. The Vibrational Spectrum of the Secondary Electron Acceptor, A1, in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3844-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0775146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shana L. Bender
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - James M. Keough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Scott E. Boesch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Ralph A. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Bridgette A. Barry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
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30
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High-Field/High-Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Involving Single- and Multiple-Transition Schemes. BIOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8250-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Schiemann O, Prisner TF. Long-range distance determinations in biomacromolecules by EPR spectroscopy. Q Rev Biophys 2007; 40:1-53. [PMID: 17565764 DOI: 10.1017/s003358350700460x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy provides a variety of tools to study structures and structural changes of large biomolecules or complexes thereof. In order to unravel secondary structure elements, domain arrangements or complex formation, continuous wave and pulsed EPR methods capable of measuring the magnetic dipole coupling between two unpaired electrons can be used to obtain long-range distance constraints on the nanometer scale. Such methods yield reliably and precisely distances of up to 80 A, can be applied to biomolecules in aqueous buffer solutions or membranes, and are not size limited. They can be applied either at cryogenic or physiological temperatures and down to amounts of a few nanomoles. Spin centers may be metal ions, metal clusters, cofactor radicals, amino acid radicals, or spin labels. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the different EPR spectroscopic methods, briefly describe their theoretical background, and summarize important biological applications. The main focus of this article will be on pulsed EPR methods like pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR) and their applications to spin-labeled biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Schiemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, J. W. Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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32
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Savitsky A, Möbius K. Photochemical Reactions and Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Processes in Liquids, Frozen Solutions, and Proteins as Studied by Multifrequency Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Santabarbara S, Kuprov I, Hore PJ, Casal A, Heathcote P, Evans MCW. Analysis of the Spin-Polarized Electron Spin Echo of the [P700+A1-] Radical Pair of Photosystem I Indicates That Both Reaction Center Subunits Are Competent in Electron Transfer in Cyanobacteria, Green Algae, and Higher Plants. Biochemistry 2006; 45:7389-403. [PMID: 16752928 DOI: 10.1021/bi060330h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The decay of the light-induced spin-correlated radical pair [P700+ A1-] and the associated electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) have been studied in either thylakoid membranes, cellular membranes, or purified photosystem I prepared from the wild-type strains of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Spinaceae oleracea. The decay of the spin-correlated radical pair is described in the wild-type membrane by two exponential components with lifetimes of 2-4 and 16-25 micros. The proportions of the two components can be altered by preillumination of the membranes in the presence of reductant at temperatures lower than 220 K, which leads to the complete reduction of the iron-sulfur electron acceptors F(A), F(B), and F(X) and partial photoaccumulation of the reduced quinone electron acceptor A1A-. The "out-of-phase" (OOP) ESEEM attributed to the [P700+ A1-] radical pair has been investigated in the three species as a function of the preillumination treatment. Values of the dipolar (D) and the exchange (J) interactions were extracted by time-domain fitting of the OOP-ESEEM. The results obtained in the wild-type systems are compared with two site-directed mutants of C. reinhardtii [Santabarbara et al. (2005) Biochemistry 44, 2119-2128], in which the spin-polarized signal on either the PsaA- or PsaB-bound electron transfer pathway is suppressed so that the radical pair formed on each electron transfer branch could be monitored selectively. This comparison indicates that when all of the iron-sulfur centers are oxidized, only the echo modulation associated with the A branch [P700+ A1A-] radical pair is observed. The reduction of the iron-sulfur clusters and the quinone A1 by preillumination treatment induces a shift in the ESEEM frequency. In all of the systems investigated this observation can be interpreted in terms of different proportions of the signal associated with the [P700+ A1A-] and [P700+ A1B-] radical pairs, suggesting that bidirectionality of electron transfer in photosystem I is a common feature of all species rather than being confined to green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Santabarbara
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
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34
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Rappaport F, Diner BA, Redding K. Optical Measurements of Secondary Electron Transfer in Photosystem I. PHOTOSYSTEM I 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4256-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Link G, Poluektov OG, Utschig LM, Lalevée J, Yago T, Weidner JU, Thurnauer MC, Kothe G. Structural organization in photosynthetic proteins as studied by high-field EPR of spin-correlated radical pair states. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43 Spec no.:S103-9. [PMID: 16235208 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the potential of high-field (HF) time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to reveal unique information about electron transfer processes and the structure of photosynthetic systems. The lineshapes and electron spin polarization (ESP) of spin-correlated radical pair (SCRP) spectra recorded with HF-EPR are very sensitive to the magnetic parameters, interactions, and geometry of the radicals in the pair. This sensitivity facilitates an analysis of more sophisticated models and methods to reveal the important relationship between structural organization and light-induced electron transfer of the photosynthetic proteins. In this review, we report on a new time-resolved HF and multi-frequency EPR approach developed in the Freiburg laboratory in cooperation with the Argonne Photosynthesis group. The method is designed to probe the geometric structure of charge separated states in the photosynthetic membrane. First, we discuss the magneto-orientation of photosynthetic cyanobacteria as revealed by time-resolved HF-EPR of SCRPs. Then, we demonstrate how the three-dimensional structure of the SCRP P700(+)A1 from photosystem I of oxygenic photosynthesis and its arrangement in the membrane is obtained from application of multi-frequency including time-resolved HF-EPR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Link
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Poluektov OG, Paschenko SV, Utschig LM, Lakshmi KV, Thurnauer MC. Bidirectional Electron Transfer in Photosystem I: Direct Evidence from High-Frequency Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:11910-1. [PMID: 16117508 DOI: 10.1021/ja053315t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient charge separation occurring within membrane-bound reaction center proteins is the most important step of photosynthetic solar energy conversion. All reaction centers are classified into two types, I and II. X-ray crystal structures reveal that both types bind two symmetric membrane-spanning branches of potential electron-transfer cofactors. Determination of the functional roles of these pairs of branches is of fundamental importance. While it is established that in type II reaction centers only one branch functions in electron transfer, we present the first direct spectroscopic evidence that both cofactor branches are active in the type I reaction center, photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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37
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Pushkar YN, Karyagina I, Stehlik D, Brown S, van der Est A. Recruitment of a Foreign Quinone into the A1 Site of Photosystem I. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12382-90. [PMID: 15640524 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412940200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosystem I (PS I), phylloquinone (PhQ) acts as a low potential electron acceptor during light-induced electron transfer (ET). The origin of the very low midpoint potential of the quinone is investigated by introducing anthraquinone (AQ) into PS I in the presence and absence of the iron-sulfur clusters. Solvent extraction and reincubation is used to obtain PS I particles containing AQ and the iron-sulfur clusters, whereas incubation of the menB rubA double mutant yields PS I with AQ in the PhQ site but no iron-sulfur clusters. Transient electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to investigate the orientation of AQ in the binding site and the ET kinetics. The low temperature spectra suggest that the orientation of AQ in all samples is the same as that of PhQ in native PS I. In PS I containing the iron sulfur clusters, (i) the rate of forward electron transfer from the AQ*- to F(X) is found to be faster than from PhQ*- to F(X), and (ii) the spin polarization patterns provide indirect evidence that the preceding ET step from A0*- to quinone is slower than in the native system. The changes in the kinetics are in accordance with the more negative reduction midpoint potential of AQ. Moreover, a comparison of the spectra in the presence and absence of the iron-sulfur clusters suggests that the midpoint potential of AQ is more negative in the presence of F(X). The electron transfer from the AQ- to F(X) is found to be thermally activated with a lower apparent activation energy than for PhQ in native PS I. The spin polarization patterns show that the triplet character in the initial state of P700)*+AQ*- increases with temperature. This behavior is rationalized in terms of a model involving a distribution of lifetimes/redox potentials for A0 and related competition between charge recombination and forward electron transfer from the radical pair P700*+A0*-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia N Pushkar
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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38
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Bautista JA, Rappaport F, Guergova-Kuras M, Cohen RO, Golbeck JH, Wang JY, Béal D, Diner BA. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of photosystem I from phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase deletion mutants of Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803: evidence for PsaA- and PsaB-side electron transport in cyanobacteria. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:20030-41. [PMID: 15760840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500809200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosystem I, oxidation of reduced acceptor A(1)(-) through iron-sulfur cluster F(X) is biphasic with half-times of approximately 5-30 ns ("fast" phase) and approximately 150-300 ns ("slow" phase). Whether these biphasic kinetics reflect unidirectional electron transfer, involving only the PsaA-side phylloquinone or bi-directional electron transfer, involving both the PsaA- and PsaB-side phylloquinones, has been the source of some controversy. Brettel (Brettel, K. (1988) FEBS Lett. 239, 93-98) and Joliot and Joliot (Joliot, P., and Joliot, A. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 11130-11136) have attributed to nearby carotenoids electrochromic band shifts, accompanying A(1) reduction, centered at approximately 450 and 500-510 nm. As a test of these assignments, we separately deleted in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 the genes that encode phytoene desaturase (encoded by crtP (pds)) and zeta-carotene desaturase (encoded by crtQ (zds)). The pds(-) and zds(-) strains synthesize phytoene and zeta-carotene, respectively, both of which absorb to shorter wavelength than beta-carotene. Compared with wild type, the mutant A(1)(-) (FeS) - A(1)(FeS)(-) difference spectra, measured in cells and photosystem I complexes, retain the electrochromic band shift centered at 450 nm but show a complete loss of the electrochromic band shifts centered at 500-510 nm. Thus, the latter clearly arise from beta-carotene. In the wild type, the electrochromic band shift of the slow phase (centered at 500 nm) is shifted by 6 nm to the blue compared with the fast phase (centered at 506 nm). Thus, the carotenoid pigments acting as electrochromic markers during the fast and slow phases of A(1)(-) oxidation are different, indicating the involvement of both the PsaA- and the PsaB-side phylloquinones in photosystem I electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bautista
- Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0173, USA
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Van Der Est A, Valieva AI, Kandrashkin YE, Shen G, Bryant DA, Golbeck JH. Removal of PsaF alters forward electron transfer in photosystem I: evidence for fast reoxidation of QK-A in subunit deletion mutants of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Biochemistry 2004; 43:1264-75. [PMID: 14756562 DOI: 10.1021/bi035431j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of point mutations in photosystem I have suggested that the two kinetic phases of phylloquinone reoxidation represent electron transfer in the two branches of cofactors. This interpretation implies that changes in the relative amplitudes of the two kinetic phases represent a change in the extent of electron transfer in the two branches. Using time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), this issue is investigated in subunit deletion mutants of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. The spin-polarized EPR signals of P(700)(+)A(1)(-) and P(700)(+)FeS(-), both at room temperature and in frozen solution, are altered by deletion of PsaF and/or PsaE, and the differences from the wild type are much more pronounced in PS I complexes isolated from the mutants using Triton X-100 rather than n-dodecyl beta-d-maltopyranoside. The changes in the transient EPR data for the mutant complexes are consistent with a significant fraction of reaction centers showing (i) faster electron transfer from A(1)(-) to F(X), (ii) slower forward electron transfer from A(0)(-) to A(1), and (iii) slightly altered quinone hyperfine couplings, possibly as a result of a change in the hydrogen bonding. The fraction of fast electron transfer and its dependence on the isolation procedure are estimated approximately from simulations of the room temperature EPR data. The results are discussed in terms of possible models for the electron transfer. It is suggested that the detergent-induced fraction of fast electron transfer is most likely due to alteration of the environment of the quinone in the PsaA branch of cofactors and is not the result of a change in the directionality of electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Art Van Der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1.
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40
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Heinen U, Poluektov O, Stavitski E, Berthold T, Ohmes E, Schlesselman SL, Golecki JR, Moro GJ, Levanon H, Thurnauer MC, Kothe G. Magnetic-Field-Induced Orientation of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers, As Revealed by Time-Resolved D-Band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Spin-Correlated Radical Pairs. II. Field Dependence of the Alignment. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Heinen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Oleg Poluektov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Eli Stavitski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Berthold
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ernst Ohmes
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sandra L. Schlesselman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jochen R. Golecki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio J. Moro
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Haim Levanon
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marion C. Thurnauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gerd Kothe
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104, Freiburg/Germany, Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, Department of Microbiology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg/Germany, and Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Loredan 2, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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41
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Kacprzak S, Kaupp M. Electronic g-Tensors of Semiquinones in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. A Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kacprzak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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42
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43
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Freed JH. The Development of High-Field /High Frequency ESR. VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF) ESR/EPR 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4379-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Ishikita H, Knapp EW. Redox potential of quinones in both electron transfer branches of photosystem I. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:52002-11. [PMID: 12972408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m306434200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox potentials of the two electron transfer (ET) active quinones in the central part of photosystem I (PSI) were determined by evaluating the electrostatic energies from the solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation based on the crystal structure. The calculated redox potentials are -531 mV for A1A and -686 mV for A1B. From these results we conclude the following. (i) Both branches are active with a much faster ET in the B-branch than in the A-branch. (ii) The measured lifetime of 200-290 ns of reduced quinones agrees with the estimate for the A-branch and corroborates with an uphill ET from this quinone to the iron-sulfur cluster as observed in recent kinetic measurements. (iii) The electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic data refer to the A-branch quinone where the corresponding ET is uphill in energy. The negative redox potential of A1 in PSI is primarily because of the influence from the negatively charged FX, in contrast to the positive shift on the quinone redox potential in bacterial reaction center and PSII that is attributed to the positively charged non-heme iron atom. The conserved residue Asp-B575 changes its protonation state after quinone reduction. The difference of 155 mV in the quinone redox potentials of the two branches were attributed to the conformation of the backbone with a large contribution from Ser-A692 and Ser-B672 and to the side chain of Asp-B575, whose protonation state couples differently with the formation of the quinone radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry, Free University of Berlin, Takustrasse 6, Berlin D-14195, Germany
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45
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Golbeck JH. The binding of cofactors to photosystem I analyzed by spectroscopic and mutagenic methods. ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 2003; 32:237-56. [PMID: 12524325 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.32.110601.142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on cofactor-ligand and protein-protein interactions within the photosystem I reaction center. The topics include a description of the electron transfer cofactors, the mode of binding of the cofactors to protein-bound ligands, and a description of intraprotein contacts that ultimately allow photosystem I to be assembled (in cyanobacteria) from 96 chlorophylls, 22 carotenoids, 2 phylloquinones, 3 [4Fe-4S] clusters, and 12 polypeptides. During the 15 years that have elapsed from the first report of crystals to the atomic-resolution X-ray crystal structure, cofactor-ligand interactions and protein-protein interactions were systematically being explored by spectroscopic and genetic methods. This article charts the interplay between these disciplines and assesses how good the early insights were in light of the current structure of photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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46
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Pushkar YN, Zech SG, Stehlik D, Brown S, van der Est A, Zimmermann H. Orientation and Protein−Cofactor Interactions of Monosubstituted n-Alkyl Naphthoquinones in the A1 Binding Site of Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0265743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Max-Planck Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Fuhs M, Schnegg A, Prisner T, Köhne I, Hanley J, Rutherford A, Möbius K. Orientation selection in photosynthetic PS I multilayers: structural investigation of the charge separated state P(700)(+z.rad;)A(1)(-z.rad;) by high-field/high-frequency time-resolved EPR at 3.4 T/95 GHz. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1556:81-8. [PMID: 12351221 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(02)00338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The radical-pair state of the primary electron donor and the secondary electron acceptor (P(700)(+z.rad;)A(1)(-z.rad;)) of the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) photosystem I (PS I) of Synechocystis PCC 6803 was studied by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) at high field/high frequency (3.4 T/95 GHz) using orientation selection in multilayers. The goal of the present article is to work out the basis for future studies, in which the improved resolution of such multilayers may be used to detect mutation-induced structural changes of PS I in membrane preparations. This approach is particularly interesting for systems that cannot be prepared as single crystals. However, in order to use such multilayers for structural investigations of protein complexes, it is necessary to know their orientation distribution. PS I was chosen as a test example because the wild type was recently crystallized and its X-ray structure determined to 2.5 A resolution [Nature 411 (2001) 909]. On the basis of our experimental results we determined the orientation distribution. Furthermore, a simulation model for the general case in which the orientation distribution is not axially symmetric about the C(2) symmetry axis of the RC is developed and discussed. Spectra simulations show that changes in the TREPR spectra of PS I are much more significant for these oriented multilayers than for disordered samples. In this way the use of oriented multilayers, in conjunction with multifrequency TREPR measurements on oriented as well as on disordered samples, is a promising approach for studies of structural changes of PS I systems that are induced by point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fuhs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
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48
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Rigby SEJ, Muhiuddin IP, Evans MCW, Purton S, Heathcote P. Photoaccumulation of the PsaB phyllosemiquinone in photosystem I of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1556:13-20. [PMID: 12351214 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(02)00281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoaccumulation of membrane preparations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at pH 8 and 220 K reduces the primary and secondary electron acceptors in the Photosystem I (PSI) reaction centre, and produces a maximum of two spins per P700(z.rad;+). Proton electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra demonstrate that the phyllosemiquinone produced is that attributed to the PsaA branch of electron transfer. Photoaccumulation at pH 10 and 220 K produces a maximum of four spins per P700(z.rad;+), and proton ENDOR spectra indicate that a second phyllosemiquinone is being photoaccumulated, with markedly different proton hyperfine couplings (hfcs). This phyllosemiquinone is unaffected by mutation of PsaAW693, confirming that it does not arise from the PsaA branch of electron transfer, and we therefore attribute it to the PsaB phyllosemiquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E J Rigby
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK
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49
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SALIKHOV KEVM, ZECH STEPHANG, STEHLIK DIETMAR. Light induced radical pair intermediates in photosynthetic reaction centres in contact with an observer spin label: spin dynamics and effects on transient EPR spectra. Mol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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50
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Kaupp M. The function of photosystem I. Quantum chemical insight into the role of tryptophan-quinone interactions. Biochemistry 2002; 41:2895-900. [PMID: 11863427 DOI: 10.1021/bi0159783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have provided evidence for the role of tryptophan residues in the electron transfer process of photosystem I (PS-I). The interaction of Trp with quinone acceptors and their radical anions in the A(1) site of PS-I has been modeled by various indole-quinone and indole-semiquinone complexes. MP2 optimizations show that, while neutral quinones and an indole molecule prefer a pi-stacked arrangement, semiquinone radical anions prefer a T-stacked conformation with significant N-H...pi hydrogen bonding interactions. Comparison of density functional calculations of electronic g-tensors with electron paramagnetic resonance data strongly suggests that hydrogen-bonded T-shaped arrangements occur upon reduction of quinone acceptors without an extended side chain (e.g., duroquinone or naphthoquinone), when reconstituted into the phylloquinone-depleted A(1) site of PS-I. In contrast, for the native phylloquinone (vitamin K(1), Q(K)), reorientation of the semiquinone radical anion is prevented by side chain-protein interactions. For a fixed pi-stacked arrangement, the extent of the intermolecular interaction is reduced upon one-electron reduction. This corresponds to a lowering of the redox potential of the P(700)(+)*Q(K)(-)* radical pair, due to interactions of Q(K) with a tryptophan. Together with the comparably weak hydrogen bonding in PS-I, the proposed model explains the very negative redox potential of the A(1) site, needed for forward electron transfer. T-stacking hydrogen bonds to semiquinones may also have to be considered in many other electron transfer processes in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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