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Wille A, Weske S, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Wollnitzke P, Schröder NH, Thomas N, Nowak MK, Deister-Jonas J, Behr B, Keul P, Levkau B. Sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes osteogenesis by stimulating osteoblast growth and neovascularization in a vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent manner. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:357-372. [PMID: 38477738 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays multiple roles in bone metabolism and regeneration. Here, we have identified a novel S1P-regulated osteoanabolic mechanism functionally connecting osteoblasts (OBs) to the highly specialized bone vasculature. We demonstrate that S1P/S1PR3 signaling in OBs stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGFa) expression and secretion to promote bone growth in an autocrine and boost osteogenic H-type differentiation of bone marrow endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. VEGFa-neutralizing antibodies and VEGF receptor inhibition by axitinib abrogated OB growth in vitro and bone formation in male C57BL/6J in vivo following S1P stimulation and S1P lyase inhibition, respectively. Pharmacological S1PR3 inhibition and genetic S1PR3 deficiency suppressed VEGFa production, OB growth in vitro, and inhibited H-type angiogenesis and bone growth in male mice in vivo. Together with previous work on the osteoanabolic functions of S1PR2 and S1PR3, our data suggest that S1P-dependent bone regeneration employs several nonredundant positive feedback loops between OBs and the bone vasculature. The identification of this yet unappreciated aspect of osteoanabolic S1P signaling may have implications for regular bone homeostasis as well as diseases where the bone microvasculature is affected such as age-related osteopenia and posttraumatic bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalena Wille
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Weske
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin von Wnuck Lipinski
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Wollnitzke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nathalie H Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nadine Thomas
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melissa K Nowak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Deister-Jonas
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital BG Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Silva D, Muders T, Wodack K, Putensen C, Leonhardt S, Siepmann R, Hentze B, Reinartz S. Pulmonary CT perfusion robustly measures cardiac output in the context of multilevel pulmonary occlusion: a porcine study. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:51. [PMID: 38517595 PMCID: PMC10959917 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-024-00431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To validate pulmonary computed tomography (CT) perfusion in a porcine model by invasive monitoring of cardiac output (CO) using thermodilution method. METHODS Animals were studied at a single center, using a Swan-Ganz catheter for invasive CO monitoring as a reference. Fifteen pigs were included. Contrast-enhanced CT perfusion of the descending aorta and right and left pulmonary artery was performed. For variation purposes, a balloon catheter was inserted to block the contralateral pulmonary vascular bed; additionally, two increased CO settings were created by intravenous administration of catecholamines. Finally, stepwise capillary occlusion was performed by intrapulmonary arterial injection of 75-μm microspheres in four stages. A semiautomatic selection of AFs and a recirculation-aware tracer-kinetics model to extract the first-pass of AFs, estimating blood flow with the Stewart-Hamilton method, was implemented. Linear mixed models (LMM) were developed to calibrate blood flow calculations accounting with individual- and cohort-level effects. RESULTS Nine of 15 pigs had complete datasets. Strong correlations were observed between calibrated pulmonary (0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6-0.82) and aortic blood flow measurements (0.82, 95% CI, 0.73-0.88) and the reference as well as agreements (± 2.24 L/min and ± 1.86 L/min, respectively) comparable to the state of the art, on a relatively wide range of right ventricle-CO measurements. CONCLUSIONS CT perfusion validly measures CO using LMMs at both individual and cohort levels, as demonstrated by referencing the invasive CO. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Possible clinical applications of CT perfusion for measuring CO could be in acute pulmonary thromboembolism or to assess right ventricular function to show impairment or mismatch to the left ventricle. KEY POINTS • CT perfusion measures flow in vessels. • CT perfusion measures cumulative cardiac output in the aorta and pulmonary vessels. • CT perfusion validly measures CO using LMMs at both individual and cohort levels, as demonstrated by using the invasive CO as a reference standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Silva
- Medical Information Technology (MedIT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Muders
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Wodack
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Putensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Leonhardt
- Medical Information Technology (MedIT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Siepmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hentze
- Medical Information Technology (MedIT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reinartz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Michel L, Ferdinandy P, Rassaf T. Cellular Alterations in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024:10.1007/s11897-024-00652-2. [PMID: 38430308 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has emerged as a pivotal advancement in cancer treatment, but the widespread adoption has given rise to a growing number of reports detailing significant cardiovascular toxicity. This review concentrates on elucidating the mechanisms behind ICI-related cardiovascular complications, emphasizing preclinical and mechanistic data. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence indicates a more significant role of immune checkpoints in maintaining cardiac integrity than previously understood, and new key scientific data are available to improve our understanding of ICI-related cardiovascular toxicity, including hidden cardiotoxicity. New avenues for innovative concepts are hypothesized, and opportunities to leverage the knowledge from ICI-therapy for pioneering approaches in related scientific domains can be derived from the latest scientific projects. Cardiotoxicity from ICI therapy is a paramount challenge for cardio-oncology. Understanding the underlying effects builds the foundation for tailored cardioprotective approaches in the growing collective at risk for severe cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Michel
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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4
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Chen B, Dammann P, Jabbarli R, Sure U, Quick HH, Kraff O, Wrede KH. Safety and function of programmable ventriculo-peritoneal shunt valves: An in vitro 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292666. [PMID: 37819939 PMCID: PMC10566673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The quantity of ultra-high field MRI neuroimaging studies has rapidly increased. This study tests function, safety, and image artifacts of two frequently implanted programmable ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt valves in a 7T MRI system. METHODS All tests were performed using a whole-body 7T MRI system. Three proGAV 2.0 and 3 CODMAN CERTAS® Plus programmable VP-shunt valves were tested in three steps. 1) Deflection angle tests close to the bore opening at the location of a static magnetic field gradient of 3-5 T/m. 2) Valves were fixed on a spherical phantom in 3 positions (a. lateral, b. cranial, c. cranial with 22.5° tilt anteriorly) and assessed for keeping the programmed pressure setting and reprogrammability. 3) Valves were fixed on the phantom and positioned lateral in a radiofrequency head coil. MRI scans were performed for both models, including MPRAGE, GRE and SE sequences. RESULTS Deflection angles were moderate (13°, 14°, 13°) for the proGAV valves and close to critical (43°, 43°, 41°) for the CODMAN valves at the test location. Taking a scaling factor of 2-3 for the maximum spatial magnetic field gradient accessible to a patient within the magnet bore into account renders both valves MR unsafe regarding ferromagnetic attraction. The proGAV valves kept the pressure settings in all positions and were reprogrammable in positions a. and b. In position c., reprogrammability was lost. The CODMAN valves changed their pressure setting and reprogrammability was lost in all positions. MR image signal homogeneity was unaltered in the phantom center, artifacts limit the assessability of structures in close vicinity to the valves. CONCLUSION Both tested programmable VP-shunt valves are MR unsafe for 7T systems. Novel programming mechanisms using permanent magnets with sufficient magnetic coercivity or magnet-free mechanisms may allow the development of programmable VP-shunt valves that are conditional for 7T MR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Chen
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Ramazan Jabbarli
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Harald H. Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Oliver Kraff
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
| | - Karsten H. Wrede
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany
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5
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Wilts S, Haider H. Concurrent visual sequence learning. Psychol Res 2023; 87:2086-2100. [PMID: 36947194 PMCID: PMC10457409 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers in the field of implicit statistical learning agree that there does not exist one general implicit learning mechanism, but rather, that implicit learning takes place in highly specialized encapsulated modules. However, the exact representational content of these modules is still under debate. While there is ample evidence for a distinction between modalities (e.g., visual, auditory perception), the representational content of the modules might even be distinguished by features within the same modalities (e.g., location, color, and shape within the visual modality). In implicit sequence learning, there is evidence for the latter hypothesis, as a stimulus-color sequence can be learned concurrently with a stimulus-location sequence. Our aim was to test whether this also holds true for non-spatial features within the visual modality. This has been shown in artificial grammar learning, but not yet in implicit sequence learning. Hence, in Experiment 1, we replicated an artificial grammar learning experiment of Conway and Christiansen (2006) in which participants were supposed to learn color and shape grammars concurrently. In Experiment 2, we investigated concurrent learning of sequences with an implicit sequence learning paradigm: the serial reaction time task. Here, we found evidence for concurrent learning of two sequences, a color and shape sequence. Overall, the findings converge to the assumption that implicit learning might be based on features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilts
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hilde Haider
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Dyhr MCA, Sadeghi M, Moynova R, Knappe C, Kepsutlu Çakmak B, Werner S, Schneider G, McNally J, Noé F, Ewers H. 3D surface reconstruction of cellular cryo-soft X-ray microscopy tomograms using semisupervised deep learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209938120. [PMID: 37276395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209938120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) is a powerful method to investigate the ultrastructure of cells, offering resolution in the tens of nanometer range and strong contrast for membranous structures without requiring labeling or chemical fixation. The short acquisition time and the relatively large field of view leads to fast acquisition of large amounts of tomographic image data. Segmentation of these data into accessible features is a necessary step in gaining biologically relevant information from cryo-soft X-ray tomograms. However, manual image segmentation still requires several orders of magnitude more time than data acquisition. To address this challenge, we have here developed an end-to-end automated 3D segmentation pipeline based on semisupervised deep learning. Our approach is suitable for high-throughput analysis of large amounts of tomographic data, while being robust when faced with limited manual annotations and variations in the tomographic conditions. We validate our approach by extracting three-dimensional information on cellular ultrastructure and by quantifying nanoscopic morphological parameters of filopodia in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C A Dyhr
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohsen Sadeghi
- Artificial Intelligence of the Sciences Group, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralitsa Moynova
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Knappe
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burcu Kepsutlu Çakmak
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - James McNally
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Noé
- Artificial Intelligence of the Sciences Group, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helge Ewers
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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van den Boom J, Marini G, Meyer H, Saibil HR. Structural basis of ubiquitin-independent PP1 complex disassembly by p97. EMBO J 2023:e113110. [PMID: 37264685 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The AAA+-ATPase p97 (also called VCP or Cdc48) unfolds proteins and disassembles protein complexes in numerous cellular processes, but how substrate complexes are loaded onto p97 and disassembled is unclear. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of p97 in the process of disassembling a protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) complex by extracting an inhibitory subunit from PP1. We show that PP1 and its partners SDS22 and inhibitor-3 (I3) are loaded tightly onto p97, surprisingly via a direct contact of SDS22 with the p97 N-domain. Loading is assisted by the p37 adapter that bridges two adjacent p97 N-domains underneath the substrate complex. A stretch of I3 is threaded into the central channel of the spiral-shaped p97 hexamer, while other elements of I3 are still attached to PP1. Thus, our data show how p97 arranges a protein complex between the p97 N-domain and central channel, suggesting a hold-and-extract mechanism for p97-mediated disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes van den Boom
- Molecular Biology I, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Guendalina Marini
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Virology and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Molecular Biology I, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helen R Saibil
- Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
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8
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Rudszuck T, Nirschl H, Guthausen G. Determination of base oil content in lubricating greases by NMR. Magn Reson Chem 2023; 61:380-385. [PMID: 36932838 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Rudszuck
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Nirschl
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Guthausen
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Engler-Bunte Institut, Water Chemistry and Technology KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Posada Calderon L, Eismann L, Reese SW, Reznik E, Hakimi AA. Advances in Imaging-Based Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Critical Analysis of the Current Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020354. [PMID: 36672304 PMCID: PMC9856305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional imaging is the standard diagnostic tool to determine underlying biology in renal masses, which is crucial for subsequent treatment. Currently, standard CT imaging is limited in its ability to differentiate benign from malignant disease. Therefore, various modalities have been investigated to identify imaging-based parameters to improve the noninvasive diagnosis of renal masses and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes. MRI was reported to predict grading of RCC and to identify RCC subtypes, and has been shown in a small cohort to predict the response to targeted therapy. Dynamic imaging is promising for the staging and diagnosis of RCC. PET/CT radiotracers, such as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), 124I-cG250, radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and 11C-acetate, have been reported to improve the identification of histology, grading, detection of metastasis, and assessment of response to systemic therapy, and to predict oncological outcomes. Moreover, 99Tc-sestamibi and SPECT scans have shown promising results in distinguishing low-grade RCC from benign lesions. Radiomics has been used to further characterize renal masses based on semantic and textural analyses. In preliminary studies, integrated machine learning algorithms using radiomics proved to be more accurate in distinguishing benign from malignant renal masses compared to radiologists' interpretations. Radiomics and radiogenomics are used to complement risk classification models to predict oncological outcomes. Imaging-based biomarkers hold strong potential in RCC, but require standardization and external validation before integration into clinical routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Posada Calderon
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lennert Eismann
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen W. Reese
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ed Reznik
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Abraham Ari Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence:
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Teusen C, Hapfelmeier A, von Schrottenberg V, Gökce F, Pitschel-Walz G, Henningsen P, Gensichen J, Schneider A. Combining the GP's assessment and the PHQ-9 questionnaire leads to more reliable and clinically relevant diagnoses in primary care. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276534. [PMID: 36269712 PMCID: PMC9586376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Screening questionnaires are not sufficient to improve diagnostic quality of depression in primary care. The additional consideration of the general practitioner’s (GP’s) assessment could improve the accuracy of depression diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether the GP rating supports a reliable depression diagnosis indicated by the PHQ-9 over a period of three months. Methods We performed a secondary data analysis from a previous study. PHQ-9 scores of primary care patients were collected at the time of recruitment (t1) and during a follow-up 3 months later (t2). At t1 GPs independently made a subjective assessment whether they considered the patient depressive (yes/no). Two corresponding groups with concordant and discordant PHQ-9 and GP ratings at t1 were defined. Reliability of the PHQ-9 results at t1 and t2 was assessed within these groups and within the entire sample by Cohen’s Kappa, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. Results 364 consecutive patients from 12 practices in the region of Upper Bavaria/Germany participated in this longitudinal study. 279 patients (76.6%) sent back the questionnaire at t2. Concordance of GP rating and PHQ-9 at t1 led to higher replicability of PHQ-9 results between t1 and t2. The reliability of PHQ-9 was higher in the concordant subgroup (κ = 0.507) compared to the discordant subgroup (κ = 0.211) (p = 0.064). The Bland-Altman Plot showed that the deviation of PHQ-9 scores at t1 and t2 decreased by about 15% in the concordant subgroup. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between PHQ-9 scores at t1 and t2 increased significantly if the GP rating was concordant with the PHQ-9 at t1 (r = 0.671) compared to the discordant subgroup (r = 0.462) (p = 0.044). Conclusions The combination of PHQ-9 and GP rating might improve diagnostic decision making regarding depression in general practices. PHQ-9 positive results might be more reliable and accurate, when a concordant GP rating is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Teusen
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Victoria von Schrottenberg
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Feyza Gökce
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pitschel-Walz
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Peter Henningsen
- Dept. of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital TU Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jochen Gensichen
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Antonius Schneider
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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Herrmann-Werner A, Festl-Wietek T, Gille C, Zipfel S, Wiechers S. Medical student attitudes on vaccination relevance: A mixed-method study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273529. [PMID: 36001609 PMCID: PMC9401119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The study aims to investigate the attitudes of medical students regarding the importance and relevance of vaccinations, whether vaccinations should be compulsory and how to employ a new teaching concept to deal with vaccination-critical parents. Methods This mixed-method study consists of a quantitative questionnaire and focus groups. Quantitative data were analysed by calculating the descriptive statistics, and interviews were analysed using Mayring’s content analysis. Results A total of 170 medical students completed the questionnaire, and 59 students participated in 9 focus groups. Students reported that they felt more confident dealing with vaccination-critical parents after learning the new teaching concept. Similar results were found for medical students prior to and during the pandemic. During the pandemic, medical students viewed vaccinations for several diseases, such as measles or COVID-19, as important (range: M = 3.56, SD = 0.54 to M = 3.97, SD = 0.17). Similar results were found for medical students prior to the pandemic (range: M = 3.26, SD = 0.77 to M = 3.94, SD = 0.24). In the focus groups, however, medical students displayed controversial attitudes regarding compulsory vaccinations. Conclusions While the medical students agreed on the use of vaccination for highly infectious diseases, their level of agreement decreased depending on the severity of the disease. Practical recommendations that come out of the study are creating a trustful relationship with and delivering information to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Herrmann-Werner
- Tübingen Institute for Medical Education, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Teresa Festl-Wietek
- Tübingen Institute for Medical Education, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Wiechers
- Private Practice for Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Pulmonology, Tuebingen, Germany
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Leeb C, Schuler L, Brühl CA, Theissinger K. Low temperatures lead to higher toxicity of the fungicide folpet to larval stages of Rana temporaria and Bufotes viridis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258631. [PMID: 35951548 PMCID: PMC9371251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are one of the main drivers of the worldwide amphibian decline. Their actual toxicity depends on a number of factors, like the species in focus or the developmental stage of exposed individuals. As ectothermic species, the metabolism of amphibians is influenced by ambient temperature. Therefore, temperature also affects metabolic rates and thus processes that might enhance or reduce toxic effects. Studies about the interactive effect of temperature and toxicity on amphibians are rare and deliver contrasting results. To investigate the temperature-dependent pesticide sensitivity of larvae of two European species we conducted acute toxicity tests for the viticultural fungicide Folpan® 500 SC with the active ingredient folpet at different temperatures (6°C, 11°C, 16°C, 21°C, 26°C). Sensitivity of Rana temporaria and Bufotes viridis was highly affected by temperature: early larvae (Gosner stage 20) were about twice more sensitive to Folpan® 500 SC at 6°C compared to 21°C. Next to temperature, species and developmental stage of larvae had an effect on sensitivity. The most sensitive individuals (early stages of R. temporaria at 6°C) were 14.5 times more sensitive than the least sensitive ones (early stages of B. viridis at 26°C). Our results raise concerns about typical ecotoxicological studies with amphibians that are often conducted at temperatures between 15°C and 20°C. We suggest that future test designs should be performed at temperatures that reflect the temperature range amphibians are exposed to in their natural habitats. Variations in the sensitivity due to temperature should also be considered as an uncertainty factor in upcoming environmental risk assessments for amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Leeb
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Schuler
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Carsten A. Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Kathrin Theissinger
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
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Carstens H, Kalka K, Verhaegh R, Schumacher F, Soddemann M, Wilker B, Keitsch S, Sehl C, Kleuser B, Hübler M, Rauen U, Becker AK, Koch A, Gulbins E, Kamler M. Antimicrobial effects of inhaled sphingosine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in isolated ventilated and perfused pig lungs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271620. [PMID: 35862397 PMCID: PMC9302828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a save way to verify performance of donor lungs prior to implantation. A major problem of lung transplantation is a donor-to-recipient-transmission of bacterial cultures. Thus, a broadspectrum anti-infective treatment with sphingosine in EVLP might be a novel way to prevent such infections. Sphingosine inhalation might provide a reliable anti-infective treatment option in EVLP. Here, antimicrobial potency of inhalative sphingosine in an infection EVLP model was tested.
Methods
A 3-hour EVLP run using pig lungs was performed. Bacterial infection was initiated 1-hour before sphingosine inhalation. Biopsies were obtained 60 and 120 min after infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aliquots of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) before and after inhalation of sphingosine were plated and counted, tissue samples were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Immunostainings were performed.
Results
Sphingosine inhalation in the setting of EVLP rapidly resulted in a 6-fold decrease of P. aeruginosa CFU in the lung (p = 0.016). We did not observe any negative side effects of sphingosine.
Conclusion
Inhalation of sphingosine induced a significant decrease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the epithelial layer of tracheal and bronchial cells. The inhalation has no local side effects in ex-vivo perfused and ventilated pig lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Carstens
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katharina Kalka
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rabea Verhaegh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Soddemann
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin Sehl
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hübler
- Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauen
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Katrin Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Achim Koch
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Medical School, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Keshawarz A, Hwang SJ, Lee GY, Yu Z, Yao C, Köttgen A, Levy D. Cardiovascular disease protein biomarkers are associated with kidney function: The Framingham Heart Study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268293. [PMID: 35544531 PMCID: PMC9094507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers common to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) may reflect early impairments underlying both diseases. Methods We evaluated associations of 71 CVD-related plasma proteins measured in 2,873 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort participants with cross-sectional continuous eGFR and with longitudinal change in eGFR from baseline to follow-up (ΔeGFR). We also evaluated the associations of the 71 CVD proteins with the following dichotomous secondary outcomes: prevalent CKD stage ≥3 (cross-sectional), new-onset CKD stage ≥3 (longitudinal), and rapid decline in eGFR (longitudinal). Proteins significantly associated with eGFR and ΔeGFR were subsequently validated in 3,951 FHS Third Generation cohort participants and were tested using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to infer putatively causal relations between plasma protein biomarkers and kidney function. Results In cross-sectional analysis, 37 protein biomarkers were significantly associated with eGFR at FDR<0.05 in the FHS Offspring cohort and 20 of these validated in the FHS Third Generation cohort at p<0.05/37. In longitudinal analysis, 27 protein biomarkers were significantly associated with ΔeGFR at FDR<0.05 and 12 of these were validated in the FHS Third Generation cohort at p<0.05/27. Additionally, 35 protein biomarkers were significantly associated with prevalent CKD, five were significantly associated with new-onset CKD, and 17 were significantly associated with rapid decline in eGFR. MR suggested putatively causal relations of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM; -0.011±0.003 mL/min/1.73m2, p = 5.11E-5) and epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1; -0.006±0.002 mL/min/1.73m2, p = 0.0001) concentration with eGFR. Discussion/conclusions Eight protein biomarkers were consistently associated with eGFR in cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis in both cohorts and may capture early kidney impairment; others were implicated in association and causal inference analyses. A subset of CVD protein biomarkers may contribute causally to the pathogenesis of kidney impairment and should be studied as targets for CKD treatment and early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Keshawarz
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gha Young Lee
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhi Yu
- Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chen Yao
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pretzsch H, Schütze G. Tree species mixing can increase stand productivity, density and growth efficiency and attenuate the trade-off between density and growth throughout the whole rotation. Ann Bot 2021; 128:767-786. [PMID: 34156430 PMCID: PMC8557385 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many recent studies emphasize that mixed species is a promising silvicultural option for sustainable ecosystem management under uncertain and risky future environmental conditions. However, compared with monocultures, knowledge of mixed stands is still rather fragmentary. This comprehensive study analysed the most common Central European tree species combinations to determine the extent to which mono-layered species mixing (1) can increase stand productivity and stem diameter growth, (2) increase stand density or growth efficiency, and (3) reduce competition and attenuate the relationship between stand density and stem diameter growth compared with mono-specific stands. METHODS The study was based on 63 long-term experimental plots in Germany with repeated spatially explicit stand inventories. They covered mono-specific and mixed species stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). Based on spatially explicit measurement, we quantified for each tree the intra- or inter-specific neighbourhood, local stand density and growth. We applied mixed models to analyse how inter-specific neighbourhoods modify stand productivity, stand density, growth efficiency, individual tree growth and the trade-off between individual tree growth and stand productivity. KEY RESULTS We found stand productivity gains of 7-53 % of mixed versus mono-specific stands continuing over the entire rotation. All mixtures achieved a 3-36 % higher leaf area index until advanced stand age. Stem diameter growth increased by up to 31 % in mixed stands. The growth efficiency of the leaf area was up to 31 % higher, except in mixtures of sessile oak and European beech. The trade-off between stem diameter growth and stand productivity was attenuated by the mixture. CONCLUSIONS The increased productivity was mainly based on a density increase in the case of Norway spruce/silver fir/European beech and sessile oak/European beech and it was based on a more efficient resource use given the same stand density in the case of Scots pine/European beech and European ash/sycamore maple. In the other species assemblages the increased productivity was based on a combination of density and efficiency increase. We hypothesize that the density effect may be site-invariant and mainly depends on the structural species complementarity. The efficiency increase of growth may depend on the growth-limiting factor that is remedied by mixture and thus be co-determined by the site conditions. For forest management, the results indicate increased stand and tree size growth by species mixing. For the common mixtures examined in this study the results show that thinning for the acceleration of stem growth requires less density reduction and causes less stand growth losses than in monocultures. We discuss the consequences of our findings for silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pretzsch
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - G Schütze
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Odinius TO, Buschhorn L, Wagner C, Hauch RT, Dill V, Dechant M, Buck MC, Shoumariyeh K, Moog P, Schwaab J, Reiter A, Brockow K, Götze K, Bassermann F, Höckendorf U, Branca C, Jost PJ, Jilg S. Comprehensive characterization of central BCL-2 family members in aberrant eosinophils and their impact on therapeutic strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:331-340. [PMID: 34654952 PMCID: PMC8800915 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Hypereosinophilia represents a heterogenous group of severe medical conditions characterized by elevated numbers of eosinophil granulocytes in peripheral blood, bone marrow or tissue. Treatment options for hypereosinophilia remain limited despite recent approaches including IL-5-targeted monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Methods To understand aberrant survival patterns and options for pharmacologic intervention, we characterized BCL-2-regulated apoptosis signaling by testing for BCL-2 family expression levels as well as pharmacologic inhibition using primary patient samples from diverse subtypes of hypereosinophilia (hypereosinophilic syndrome n = 18, chronic eosinophilic leukemia not otherwise specified n = 9, lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia n = 2, myeloproliferative neoplasm with eosinophilia n = 2, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis n = 11, reactive eosinophilia n = 3). Results Contrary to published literature, we found no difference in the levels of the lncRNA Morrbid and its target BIM. Yet, we identified a near complete loss of expression of pro-apoptotic PUMA as well as a reduction in anti-apoptotic BCL-2. Accordingly, BCL-2 inhibition using venetoclax failed to achieve cell death induction in eosinophil granulocytes and bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with hypereosinophilia. In contrast, MCL1 inhibition using S63845 specifically decreased the viability of bone marrow progenitor cells in patients with hypereosinophilia. In patients diagnosed with Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL-NOS) or Myeloid and Lymphatic Neoplasia with hypereosinophilia (MLN-Eo) repression of survival was specifically powerful. Conclusion Our study shows that MCL1 inhibition might be a promising therapeutic option for hypereosinophilia patients specifically for CEL-NOS and MLN-Eo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03827-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo O Odinius
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Buschhorn
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Celina Wagner
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard T Hauch
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Dill
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Dechant
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michele C Buck
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Khalid Shoumariyeh
- Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Im Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Philipp Moog
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliana Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Götze
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Höckendorf
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caterina Branca
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp J Jost
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Jilg
- Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Kreft A, Hippe K, Wagner-Drouet EM, Ries I, Kandulski A, Büttner-Herold M, Neumann H, Weber D, Holler E, Schindeldecker M. An investigation of the diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic impacts of three colonic biopsy grading systems for acute graft versus host disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256543. [PMID: 34437603 PMCID: PMC8389423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) is an important, life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). To investigate the value of multiple simultaneous colon biopsies in improving diagnostic accuracy in patients with aGvHD, we retrospectively analyzed 157 patients after alloHSCT. The biopsies were evaluated individually using three established histological grading systems (Lerner, Sale, and Melson). The maximum, minimum, median, and mean histological aGvHD grades were calculated for each patient, and the results were correlated with the Glucksberg grade of clinical manifestation of GvHD, steroid therapy status, and outcome. We found that multiple colon biopsies enhanced diagnostic sensitivity. Moreover, higher histological grades correlated with steroid therapy initiation and refractoriness; the latter particularly occurred when advanced damage was present in all samples and healthy colon mucosa was reduced or absent. On multivariate analysis, the minimal Lerner and Glucksberg grades for intestinal aGvHD were significantly associated with steroid treatment failure. Ninety-nine patients died. The median survival was 285 days after the biopsies were taken. Fifteen patients died from relapse of their underling disorder and 84 from other causes, mostly infection (53 patients) and GvHD (14 patients). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between none-relapse mortality and the mean Lerner grade, minimum Melson grade, Glucksberg organ stage, and platelet counts. Thus, we found the Lerner system to be superior to the other grading methods in most instances and histologic evaluation of multiple simultaneously obtained biopsies from the colon to result in a higher diagnostic yield, which helps plan systemic steroid treatment while predicting treatment response and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kreft
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katrin Hippe
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Wagner-Drouet
- 3 Medical Department, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabelle Ries
- 3 Medical Department, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne Kandulski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Neumann
- 1 Medical Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Buchberger E, Bilen A, Ayaz S, Salamanca D, Matas de las Heras C, Niksic A, Almudi I, Torres-Oliva M, Casares F, Posnien N. Variation in Pleiotropic Hub Gene Expression Is Associated with Interspecific Differences in Head Shape and Eye Size in Drosophila. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1924-1942. [PMID: 33386848 PMCID: PMC8097299 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Revealing the mechanisms underlying the breathtaking morphological diversity observed in nature is a major challenge in Biology. It has been established that recurrent mutations in hotspot genes cause the repeated evolution of morphological traits, such as body pigmentation or the gain and loss of structures. To date, however, it remains elusive whether hotspot genes contribute to natural variation in the size and shape of organs. As natural variation in head morphology is pervasive in Drosophila, we studied the molecular and developmental basis of differences in compound eye size and head shape in two closely related Drosophila species. We show differences in the progression of retinal differentiation between species and we applied comparative transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data to identify the GATA transcription factor Pannier (Pnr) as central factor associated with these differences. Although the genetic manipulation of Pnr affected multiple aspects of dorsal head development, the effect of natural variation is restricted to a subset of the phenotypic space. We present data suggesting that this developmental constraint is caused by the coevolution of expression of pnr and its cofactor u-shaped (ush). We propose that natural variation in expression or function of highly connected developmental regulators with pleiotropic functions is a major driver for morphological evolution and we discuss implications on gene regulatory network evolution. In comparison to previous findings, our data strongly suggest that evolutionary hotspots are not the only contributors to the repeated evolution of eye size and head shape in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Buchberger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anıl Bilen
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sanem Ayaz
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Salamanca
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Present address: Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Armin Niksic
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Almudi
- CABD (CSIC/UPO/JA), DMC2 Unit, Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Seville, Spain
| | - Montserrat Torres-Oliva
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Present address: Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fernando Casares
- CABD (CSIC/UPO/JA), DMC2 Unit, Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Seville, Spain
| | - Nico Posnien
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Kelly P, Weimar C, Lemmens R, Murphy S, Purroy F, Arsovska A, Bornstein NM, Czlonkowska A, Fischer U, Fonseca AC, Forbes J, Hill MD, Jatuzis D, Kõrv J, Kruuse C, Mikulik R, J Nederkoorn P, O’Donnell M, Sandercock P, Tanne D, Tsivgoulis G, Walsh C, Williams D, Zedde M, Price CI. Colchicine for prevention of vascular inflammation in Non-CardioEmbolic stroke (CONVINCE) - study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Eur Stroke J 2021; 6:222-228. [PMID: 34414298 PMCID: PMC8370082 DOI: 10.1177/2396987320972566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation contributes to unstable atherosclerotic plaque and stroke. In randomised trials in patients with coronary disease, canukinumab (an interleukin-1B antagonist) and colchicine (a tubulin inhibitor with pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects) reduced recurrent vascular events.Hypothesis: Anti-inflammatory therapy with low-dose colchicine plus usual care will reduce recurrent vascular events in patients with non-severe, non-cardioembolic stroke and TIA compared with usual care alone. DESIGN CONVINCE is a multi-centre international (in 17 countries) Prospective, Randomised Open-label, Blinded-Endpoint assessment (PROBE) controlled Phase 3 clinical trial in 3154 participants. The intervention is colchicine 0.5 mg/day and usual care versus usual care alone (antiplatelet, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive treatment, lifestyle advice). Included patients are at least 40 years, with non-severe ischaemic stroke (modified Rankin score ≤3) or high-risk TIA (ABCD2 > 3, or positive DWI, or cranio-cervical artery stenosis) within 72 hours-28 days of randomisation, with qualifying stroke/TIA most likely caused by large artery stenosis, lacunar disease, or cryptogenic embolism. Exclusions are stroke/TIA caused by cardio-embolism or other defined cause (e.g. dissection), contra-indication to colchicine (including potential drug interactions), or incapacity for participation in a clinical trial. The anticipated median follow-up will be 36 months. The primary analysis will be by intention-to-treat. OUTCOME The primary outcome is time to first recurrent ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, or hospitalisation with unstable angina (non-fatal or fatal). SUMMARY CONVINCE will provide high-quality randomised data on the efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine for secondary prevention after stroke. SCHEDULE First-patient first-visit was December 2016. Recruitment to complete in 2021, follow-up to complete in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kelly
- Mater University Hospital and University College Dublin, Ireland
- Health Research Board Stroke Clinical Trials Network, Ireland
| | - Christian Weimar
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robin Lemmens
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sean Murphy
- Mater University Hospital and University College Dublin, Ireland
- Health Research Board Stroke Clinical Trials Network, Ireland
| | - Francisco Purroy
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospitalt Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Spain
- Universitat de Lleida, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) , Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Spain
| | - Anita Arsovska
- University Clinic of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University “Ss Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Anna Czlonkowska
- Second Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Stroke Centre and Clinical Trial Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Forbes
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Michael D Hill
- University of Calgary & Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dalius Jatuzis
- Centre of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Lithuania
| | - Janika Kõrv
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Robert Mikulik
- International Clinical Research Center and Neurology Department, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul J Nederkoorn
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Department of Neurology | Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin O’Donnell
- HRB Clinical Research Facility Galway and National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | | | - David Tanne
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh UK
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Cathal Walsh
- Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - David Williams
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Abstract
The transcription factor p53 functions as a critical tumor suppressor by orchestrating a plethora of cellular responses such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, cell death, cell differentiation, and metabolism. In unstressed cells, p53 levels are kept low due to its polyubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. In response to various stress signals, including DNA damage and aberrant growth signals, the interaction between p53 and MDM2 is blocked and p53 becomes stabilized, allowing p53 to regulate a diverse set of cellular responses mainly through the transactivation of its target genes. The outcome of p53 activation is controlled by its dynamics, its interactions with other proteins, and post-translational modifications. Due to its involvement in several tumor-suppressing pathways, p53 function is frequently impaired in human cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the TP53 gene is mutated in 43% of tumors, and the remaining tumors often have compromised p53 functioning because of alterations in the genes encoding proteins involved in p53 regulation, such as ATM (13%) or DNA-PKcs (11%). TP53 mutations in CRC are usually missense mutations that impair wild-type p53 function (loss-of-function) and that even might provide neo-morphic (gain-of-function) activities such as promoting cancer cell stemness, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, thereby promoting cancer progression. Although the first compounds targeting p53 are in clinical trials, a better understanding of wild-type and mutant p53 functions will likely pave the way for novel CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena C. Liebl
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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21
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Matysik J, Ding Y, Kim Y, Kurle P, Yurkovskaya A, Ivanov K, Alia A. Photo-CIDNP in Solid State. Appl Magn Reson 2021; 53:521-537. [PMID: 33840910 PMCID: PMC8021640 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-021-01322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photo-CIDNP (photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) refers to nuclear polarization created by the spin-chemical evolution of spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs). This phenomenon occurs in gases, liquids and solids. Based on the solid-state photo-CIDNP effect observed under magic-angle spinning (MAS), photo-CIDNP MAS NMR has been developed as analytical method. Here we report the origin, the theory and the state of the art of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Matysik
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yonghong Ding
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yunmi Kim
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Kurle
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Konstantin Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A. Alia
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Finsterhölzl R, Katzer M, Knorr A, Carmele A. Using Matrix-Product States for Open Quantum Many-Body Systems: Efficient Algorithms for Markovian and Non-Markovian Time-Evolution. Entropy (Basel) 2020; 22:E984. [PMID: 33286753 PMCID: PMC7597300 DOI: 10.3390/e22090984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an efficient algorithm for the time evolution of open quantum many-body systems using matrix-product states (MPS) proposing a convenient structure of the MPS-architecture, which exploits the initial state of system and reservoir. By doing so, numerically expensive re-ordering protocols are circumvented. It is applicable to systems with a Markovian type of interaction, where only the present state of the reservoir needs to be taken into account. Its adaption to a non-Markovian type of interaction between the many-body system and the reservoir is demonstrated, where the information backflow from the reservoir needs to be included in the computation. Also, the derivation of the basis in the quantum stochastic Schrödinger picture is shown. As a paradigmatic model, the Heisenberg spin chain with nearest-neighbor interaction is used. It is demonstrated that the algorithm allows for the access of large systems sizes. As an example for a non-Markovian type of interaction, the generation of highly unusual steady states in the many-body system with coherent feedback control is demonstrated for a chain length of N=30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Finsterhölzl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (A.K.); (A.C.)
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Loda T, Erschens R, Nikendei C, Giel K, Junne F, Zipfel S, Herrmann-Werner A. A novel instrument of cognitive and social congruence within peer-assisted learning in medical training: construction of a questionnaire by factor analyses. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32641115 PMCID: PMC7346370 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer-assisted learning is effective due to cognitive and social congruence. Cognitive congruence is created by sharing a similar knowledge base between students and student tutors. Social congruence is defined as having similar social roles. A questionnaire of these concepts was newly constructed, and this study explored the factor analysis of the instrument. METHODS In a cross-sectional method design cognitive and social congruence were operationalised by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Cognitive and social congruence were assessed by validated questionnaires and through self-developed items that were collected through semi-structured interviews.. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items that were rated on a five-point Likert scale, from 0 = I strongly disagree to 4 = I strongly agree. RESULTS 676 medical students participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis for students resulted in a two-factor solution with cognitive and social congruence as confirming factors. New findings showed that the items "non-judgmental learning atmosphere" and "informal communication" were associated to cognitive congruence, "effectiveness" and "comprehensible explanations" belonged to social congruence. Confirmatory factor analysis for student tutors confirmed the resulting two-factor solution. CONCLUSIONS As one of the largest investigation of cognitive and social congruence, this study investigated the underlying mechanisms of effective PAL using factor analysis. Cognitive congruence was created by sharing the same knowledge. Knowledge transfer might play a relevant role in cognitive congruence. Social congruence focused on the relationship between student tutors and students, which might impact the content level. Practical recommended actions (using the same language) could be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Loda
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Erschens
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Giel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Junne
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Deanery of Students' Affairs, University's Faculty of Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne Herrmann-Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr. 5, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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Sellerer T, Ehn S, Mechlem K, Duda M, Epple M, Noël PB, Pfeiffer F. Quantitative dual-energy micro-CT with a photon-counting detector for material science and non-destructive testing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219659. [PMID: 31314812 PMCID: PMC6636745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent progress in photon-counting detector technology using high-Z semiconductor sensors provides new possibilities for spectral x-ray imaging. The benefits of the approach to extract spectral information directly from measurements in the projection domain are very advantageous for material science studies with x-rays as polychromatic artifacts like beam-hardening are handled properly. Since related methods require accurate knowledge of all energy-dependent system parameters, we utilize an adapted semi-empirical model, which relies on a simple calibration procedure. The method enables a projection-based decomposition of photon-counting raw-data into basis material projections. The objective of this paper is to investigate the method's performance applied to x-ray micro-CT with special focus on applications in material science and non-destructive testing. Projection-based dual-energy micro-CT is shown to be of good quantitative accuracy regarding material properties such as electron densities and effective atomic numbers. Furthermore, we show that the proposed approach strongly reduces beam-hardening artifacts and improves image contrast at constant measurement time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Sellerer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehn
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Korbinian Mechlem
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany
| | - Manuela Duda
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Peter B. Noël
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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25
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Mailänder-Sánchez D, Braunsdorf C, Grumaz C, Müller C, Lorenz S, Stevens P, Wagener J, Hebecker B, Hube B, Bracher F, Sohn K, Schaller M. Antifungal defense of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is mediated by blocking adhesion and nutrient depletion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184438. [PMID: 29023454 PMCID: PMC5638248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an inhabitant of mucosal surfaces in healthy individuals but also the most common cause of fungal nosocomial blood stream infections, associated with high morbidity and mortality. As such life-threatening infections often disseminate from superficial mucosal infections we aimed to study the use of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in prevention of mucosal C. albicans infections. Here, we demonstrate that LGG protects oral epithelial tissue from damage caused by C. albicans in our in vitro model of oral candidiasis. Furthermore, we provide insights into the mechanisms behind this protection and dissect direct and indirect effects of LGG on C. albicans pathogenicity. C. albicans viability was not affected by LGG. Instead, transcriptional profiling using RNA-Seq indicated dramatic metabolic reprogramming of C. albicans. Additionally, LGG had a significant impact on major virulence attributes, including adhesion, invasion, and hyphal extension, whose reduction, consequently, prevented epithelial damage. This was accompanied by glucose depletion and repression of ergosterol synthesis, caused by LGG, but also due to blocked adhesion sites. Therefore, LGG protects oral epithelia against C. albicans infection by preventing fungal adhesion, invasion and damage, driven, at least in parts, by metabolic reprogramming due to nutrient limitation caused by LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Philip Stevens
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jeanette Wagener
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Betty Hebecker
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Sohn
- Fraunhofer IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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König SU, Schumann F, Keyser J, Goeke C, Krause C, Wache S, Lytochkin A, Ebert M, Brunsch V, Wahn B, Kaspar K, Nagel SK, Meilinger T, Bülthoff H, Wolbers T, Büchel C, König P. Learning New Sensorimotor Contingencies: Effects of Long-Term Use of Sensory Augmentation on the Brain and Conscious Perception. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166647. [PMID: 27959914 PMCID: PMC5154504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of embodied cognition propose that perception is shaped by sensory stimuli and by the actions of the organism. Following sensorimotor contingency theory, the mastery of lawful relations between own behavior and resulting changes in sensory signals, called sensorimotor contingencies, is constitutive of conscious perception. Sensorimotor contingency theory predicts that, after training, knowledge relating to new sensorimotor contingencies develops, leading to changes in the activation of sensorimotor systems, and concomitant changes in perception. In the present study, we spell out this hypothesis in detail and investigate whether it is possible to learn new sensorimotor contingencies by sensory augmentation. Specifically, we designed an fMRI compatible sensory augmentation device, the feelSpace belt, which gives orientation information about the direction of magnetic north via vibrotactile stimulation on the waist of participants. In a longitudinal study, participants trained with this belt for seven weeks in natural environment. Our EEG results indicate that training with the belt leads to changes in sleep architecture early in the training phase, compatible with the consolidation of procedural learning as well as increased sensorimotor processing and motor programming. The fMRI results suggest that training entails activity in sensory as well as higher motor centers and brain areas known to be involved in navigation. These neural changes are accompanied with changes in how space and the belt signal are perceived, as well as with increased trust in navigational ability. Thus, our data on physiological processes and subjective experiences are compatible with the hypothesis that new sensorimotor contingencies can be acquired using sensory augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine U. König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Frank Schumann
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Keyser
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Caspar Goeke
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Carina Krause
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Susan Wache
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Aleksey Lytochkin
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Manuel Ebert
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Vincent Brunsch
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Basil Wahn
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Kai Kaspar
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saskia K. Nagel
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tobias Meilinger
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Wolbers
- Aging & Cognition Research Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- NeuroImage Nord, Department of Systems Neuroscience, Hamburg University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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