1
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Berndt T, Hoffmann EH, Tilgner A, Herrmann H. Gas-Phase Formation of Sulfurous Acid (H 2SO 3) in the Atmosphere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405572. [PMID: 38702972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Sulfurous acid (H2SO3) is known to be thermodynamically instable decomposing into SO2 and H2O. All attempts to detect this elusive acid in solution failed up to now. Reported H2SO3 formation from an experiment carried out in a mass spectrometer as well as results from theoretical calculations, however, indicated a possible kinetic stability in the gas phase. Here, it is shown experimentally that H2SO3 is formed in the OH radical-initiated gas-phase oxidation of methanesulfinic acid (CH3S(O)OH) at 295±0.5 K and 1 bar of air with a molar yield of53 - 17 + 7 ${{53}_{-17}^{+\ 7}}$ %. Further main products are SO2, SO3 and methanesulfonic acid. CH3S(O)OH represents an important intermediate product of dimethyl sulfide oxidation in the atmosphere. Global modeling predicts an annual H2SO3 production of ∼8 million metric tons from the OH+CH3S(O)OH reaction. The investigated H2SO3 depletion in the presence of water vapor results in k(H2O+H2SO3) <3×10-18 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, which indicates a lifetime of at least one second for atmospheric humidity. This work provides experimental evidence that H2SO3, once formed in the gas phase, is kinetically stable enough to allow its characterization and subsequent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Berndt
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik H Hoffmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Yuan DF, Liu Y, Trabelsi T, Zhang YR, Li J, Francisco JS, Guo H, Wang LS. Probing the dynamics and bottleneck of the key atmospheric SO 2 oxidation reaction by the hydroxyl radical. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314819121. [PMID: 38285944 PMCID: PMC10861908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314819121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
SO2 (Sulfur dioxide) is the major precursor to the production of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), contributing to acid rain and atmospheric aerosols. Sulfuric acid formed from SO2 generates light-reflecting sulfate aerosol particles in the atmosphere. This property has prompted recent geoengineering proposals to inject sulfuric acid or its precursors into the Earth's atmosphere to increase the planetary albedo to counteract global warming. SO2 oxidation in the atmosphere by the hydroxyl radical HO to form HOSO2 is a key rate-limiting step in the mechanism for forming acid rain. However, the dynamics of the HO + SO2 → HOSO2 reaction and its slow rate in the atmosphere are poorly understood to date. Herein, we use photoelectron spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled HOSO2- anion to access the neutral HOSO2 radical near the transition state of the HO + SO2 reaction. Spectroscopic and dynamic calculations are conducted on the first ab initio-based full-dimensional potential energy surface to interpret the photoelectron spectra of HOSO2- and to probe the dynamics of the HO + SO2 reaction. In addition to the finding of a unique pre-reaction complex (HO⋯SO2) directly connected to the transition state, dynamic calculations reveal that the accessible phase space for the HO + SO2 → HOSO2 reaction is extremely narrow, forming a key reaction bottleneck and slowing the reaction rate in the atmosphere, despite the low reaction barrier. This study underlines the importance of understanding the full multidimensional potential energy surface to elucidate the dynamics of complex bimolecular reactions involving polyatomic reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing401331, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing401331, China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
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3
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Zhang X, Tan S, Chen X, Yin S. Computational chemistry of cluster: Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation at the molecular level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136109. [PMID: 36007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF), which exerts significant influence over human health and global climate, has been a hot topic and rapidly expands field of research in the environmental and atmospheric chemistry recent years. Generally, NPF contains two processes: formation of critical nucleus and further growth of the nucleus. However, due to the complexity of the atmospheric nucleation, which is a multicomponent process, formation of critical clusters as well as their growth is still connected to large uncertainties. Detection limits of instruments in measuring specific gaseous aerosol precursors and chemical compositions at the molecular level call for computational studies. Computational chemistry could effectively compensate the deficiency of laboratory experiments as well as observations and predict the nucleation mechanisms. We review the present theoretical literatures that discuss nucleation mechanism of atmospheric clusters. Focus of this review is on different nucleation systems involving sulfur-containing species, nitrogen-containing species and iodine-containing species. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for the molecular interaction of nucleation precursors and reveal nucleation mechanism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shendong Tan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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4
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The structure, stability, thermochemistry, and bonding in SO3-(H2O)n (n = 1–7) clusters: a computational analysis. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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5
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Wang C, Fu L, Yang S, Zheng H, Wang T, Gao J, Su M, Yang J, Wu G, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Li G, Zhang DH, Jiang L, Yang X. Infrared Spectroscopy of Stepwise Hydration Motifs of Sulfur Dioxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5654-5659. [PMID: 35708351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Experimental characterization of microscopic events and behaviors of SO2-H2O interactions is crucial to understanding SO2 atmospheric chemistry but has been proven to be very challenging due to the difficulty in size selection. Here, size-dependent development of SO2 hydrate structure and cluster growth in the SO2(H2O)n (n = 1-16) complexes was probed by infrared spectroscopy based on threshold photoionization using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. Spectral changes with cluster size demonstrate that the sandwich structure initially formed at n = 1 develops into cycle structures with the sulfur and oxygen atoms in a two-dimensional plane (n = 2 and 3) and then into three-dimensional cage structures (n ≥ 4). SO2 is favorably bound to the surface of larger water clusters. These stepwise features of SO2 hydration on various sized water clusters contribute to understanding the reactive sites and electrophilicity of SO2 on cloud droplets, which may have important atmospheric implications for studying the SO2-containing aerosol systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangfei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiantong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Abstract
The HOSO2 radical was detected by microwave spectroscopy in a discharge plasma of a SO2/H2O gas mixture. The observed spectrum shows tunneling splittings due to the OH torsional motion. A least-squares analysis considering interactions between the two torsional sublevels of the ground vibronic state, 0+ and 0-, reproduces the observed transition frequencies with a standard deviation of ca. 3 kHz. The splitting between the two torsional sublevels is accurately determined to be 24.3 MHz for HOSO2 and 0.08 MHz for DOSO2. The potential barrier for the OH torsional motion is estimated to be 1150 cm-1 from a one-dimensional hindered rotor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nakajima
- Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Yasuki Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 300098, Taiwan.
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7
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Liu J, Ning A, Liu L, Wang H, Kurtén T, Zhang X. A pH dependent sulfate formation mechanism caused by hypochlorous acid in the marine atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147551. [PMID: 34000527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Secondary sulfate plays a crucial role in forming marine aerosol, which in turn is an important source of natural aerosol at a global level. Recent experimental studies suggest that oxidation of S(IV) compounds, in practice dissolved sulfur dioxide, to sulfate (S(VI)) by hypochloric acid could be one of the most significant pathways for sulfate formation in marine areas. However, the exact mechanism responsible for this process remains unknown. Using high-level quantum chemical calculations, we studied the reaction between dissolved sulfur dioxide and hypochloric acid. We account for the dominant protonation states of reactants in the pH range 3.0-9.0. We also consider possible catalytic effects of species such as H2O. Our results show that sulfate formation in HOCl+HOSO2- and HOCl+SO32- reactions relevant to acidic and nearly neutral conditions can occur either through previously proposed Cl+ transfer or through a novel HO+ transfer mechanism. In alkaline conditions, where the dominant reactants are OCl- and SO32-, an O atom transfer mechanism proposed in previous experimental studies may be more important than Cl+ transfer. Catalysis by common cloud-water species is found to lower barriers of Cl+ transfer mechanisms substantially. Nevertheless, we find that the dominant S(IV) + HOCl reaction mechanism for the full studied pH range is HO+ transfer from HOCl to SO32-, which leads directly to sulfate formation without ClSO3- intermediates. The rate-limiting barrier of this reaction is low, leading to an essentially diffusion-controlled reaction rate. S(IV) lifetimes due to this reaction decrease with increasing pH due to the increasing fractional population of SO32-. Especially in neutral and alkaline conditions, depletion of HOCl by the reaction is so rapid that S(IV) oxidation will be controlled mainly by mass transfer of gas-phase HOCl to the liquid phase. The mechanism proposed here may help to explain marine sulfate sources missing from current atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - An Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- Beijing Guodian Longyuan Environment Engineering Co. Ltd, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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8
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Kangas P, Hänninen V, Halonen L. An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of the Hydrolysis Reaction of Sulfur Trioxide Catalyzed by a Formic Acid or Water Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1922-1928. [PMID: 32068403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations have been performed to investigate the role of dynamical and steric effects in formic acid (FA) or H2O-catalyzed gas phase hydrolysis of SO3 to form sulfuric acid. This was done by colliding FA or H2O with the SO3-H2O complex and the water dimer with the SO3 molecule and analyzing the outcomes of 230 AIMD trajectories. Our calculations show that, within simulation times used, sulfuric acid is formed in 5% of FA collisions but is not produced when H2O collides with the SO3-H2O complex or when the water dimer collides with the SO3 molecule. We also find that FA collisions have about 2 times higher probability to form the prereactive complex than H2O collisions. Moreover, our simulations show that the SO3-H2O-FA prereactive complex is more stable in time than the SO3-H2O-H2O prereactive complex. These findings indicate that the FA-catalyzed mechanism is favored over the H2O one when looking from the steric and dynamic effect point of view. Additionally, AIMD simulations starting from the optimized structure of the SO3-H2O-FA prereactive complex have been computed to qualitatively estimate the rate of the sulfuric acid formation. Collisional energy has been observed to promote sulfuric acid formation more effectively than thermal excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Kangas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa Hänninen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Wang S, Zeng XC, Li H, Francisco JS. A possible unaccounted source of atmospheric sulfate formation: amine-promoted hydrolysis and non-radical oxidation of sulfur dioxide. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2093-2102. [PMID: 32190276 PMCID: PMC7059313 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous field and laboratory studies have shown that amines, especially dimethylamine (DMA), are crucial to atmospheric particulate nucleation. However, the molecular mechanism by which amines lead to atmospheric particulate formation is still not fully understood. Herein, we show that DMA molecules can also promote the conversion of atmospheric SO2 to sulfate. Based on ab initio simulations, we find that in the presence of DMA, the originally endothermic and kinetically unfavourable hydrolysis reaction between gaseous SO2 and water vapour can become both exothermic and kinetically favourable. The resulting product, bisulfite NH2(CH3)2 +·HSO3 -, can be readily oxidized by ozone under ambient conditions. Kinetic analysis suggests that the hydrolysis rate of SO2 and DMA with water vapour becomes highly competitive with and comparable to the rate of the reaction between SO2 and OH·, especially under the conditions of heavily polluted air and high humidity. We also find that the oxidants NO2 and N2O5 (whose role in sulfate formation is still under debate) appear to play a much less significant role than ozone in the aqueous oxidation reaction of SO2. The newly identified oxidation mechanism of SO2 promoted by both DMA and O3 provides another important new source of sulfate formation in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemistry Technology , Beijing 10029 , China .
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA 68588 .
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemistry Technology , Beijing 10029 , China .
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemistry Technology , Beijing 10029 , China .
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA 19104 .
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10
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Misiewicz JP, Moore KB, Franke PR, Morgan WJ, Turney JM, Douberly GE, Schaefer HF. Sulfurous and sulfonic acids: Predicting the infrared spectrum and setting the surface straight. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon P. Misiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Kevin B. Moore
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Peter R. Franke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - W. James Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Justin M. Turney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Gary E. Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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11
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Lee ZR, Zhang S, Flores LA, Dixon DA. Predicting the Formation of Sulfur-Based Brønsted Acids from the Reactions of SOx with H2O and H2S. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10169-10183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Luis A. Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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12
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Yun J, Zhu C, Wang Q, Hu Q, Yang G. Catalytic conversions of atmospheric sulfur dioxide and formation of acid rain over mineral dusts: Molecular oxygen as the oxygen source. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:18-25. [PMID: 30396046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) ranks as a major air pollutant and is likely to generate acid rain. When molecular oxygen is the oxygen source, the regular surfaces of gibbsite (one of the most abundant mineral dusts) show no reactivity for SO2 conversions to H2SO4, while the partially dehydrated (100) surface with coordination-unsaturated Al sites becomes catalytically effective. Because of the easy availability of molecular oxygen, results manifest that acid rain can form under all atmospheric conditions and may account for the high conversion ratio of atmospheric SO2. The (100) and (001) surfaces show divergent catalytic effects, and hydrolysis is always the rate-limiting step. Path A (hydrolysis and then oxidation) is preferred for (100) surface, whereas a third path with obviously lower activation barriers is presented for (001) surface, which is non-existent for (100) surface. Atomic oxygen originating from the dissociation of molecular oxygen is catalytically active for (100) surface, while the active site of (001) surface fails to be recovered, suggesting that SO2 conversions over gibbsite surfaces are facet-controlled. This work also offers an environmentally friendly route for production of H2SO4 (one of the essential compounds in chemical industry), directly using molecular oxygen as the oxygen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiena Yun
- College of Resources and Environment & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multi-scale Interfacial Process, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chang Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multi-scale Interfacial Process, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multi-scale Interfacial Process, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiaoli Hu
- College of Resources and Environment & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multi-scale Interfacial Process, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Resources and Environment & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multi-scale Interfacial Process, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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13
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Triplet state promoted reaction of SO2 with H2O by competition between proton coupled electron transfer (pcet) and hydrogen atom transfer (hat) processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9779-9784. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The excited triplet electronic state of SO2 (a3B1) reacts with water through a proton coupled electron transfer (pcet) mechanism rather than via a conventional hydrogen atom transfer (hat) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica (IQAC – CSIC)
- E-08034 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Marilia T. C. Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques
- UMR CNRS 7019
- University of Lorraine
- CNRS
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques
- UMR CNRS 7019
- University of Lorraine
- CNRS
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
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14
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Tao EL, Li JY, Soriano S, Tao FM. Quantum chemical study of potential energy surface in the formation of atmospheric sulfuric acid. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/31/cjcp1805126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - Samantha Soriano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - Fu-Ming Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
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15
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Mai TVT, Duong MV, Nguyen HT, Huynh LK. Ab initio kinetics of the HOSO 2 + 3O 2 → SO 3 + HO 2 reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6677-6687. [PMID: 29457181 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed kinetic mechanism of the HOSO2 + 3O2 reaction, which plays a pivotal role in the atmospheric oxidation of SO2, was investigated using accurate electronic structure calculations and novel statistical thermodynamic/kinetic models. Explored using the accurate composite method W1U, the detailed potential energy surface (PES) revealed that the addition of O2 to a HOSO2 radical to form the adduct (HOSO4) proceeds via a transition state with a slightly positive barrier (i.e., 0.7 kcal mol-1 at 0 K). Such a finding compromises a long-term hypothesis about this channel of being a barrierless process. Moreover, the overall reaction was found to be slightly exothermic by 1.7 kcal mol-1 at 0 K, which is in good agreement with recent studies. On the newly-constructed PES, the temperature- and pressure-dependent behaviors of the title reaction were characterized in a wide range of conditions (T = 200-1000 K & P = 10-760 Torr) using the integrated deterministic and stochastic master equation/Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (ME/RRKM) rate model in which corrections for hindered internal rotation (HIR) and tunneling treatments were included. The calculated numbers were found to be in excellent agreement with literature data. The sensitivity analyses on the derived rate coefficients with respect to the ab initio input parameters (i.e., barrier height and energy transfer) were also performed to further understand the kinetic behaviors of the title reaction. The detailed kinetic mechanism, consisting of thermodynamic and kinetic data (in NASA polynomial and modified Arrhenius formats, respectively), was also provided at different T & P for further use in the modeling/simulation of any related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam V-T Mai
- Molecular Science and Nano-Materials Lab, Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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16
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Chen S, Zhao Y, Zhang R. Formation Mechanism of Atmospheric Ammonium Bisulfate: Hydrogen-Bond-Promoted Nearly Barrierless Reactions of SO3
with NH3
and H2
O. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:967-972. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunwei Chen
- Department of Physics; City University of Hong Kon; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Physics; City University of Hong Kon; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Physics; City University of Hong Kon; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- Shenzhen Research Institut; City University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen China
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17
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Sheng F, Jingjing L, Yu C, Fu-Ming T, Xuemei D, Jing-yao L. Theoretical study of the oxidation reactions of sulfurous acid/sulfite with ozone to produce sulfuric acid/sulfate with atmospheric implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7988-7996. [PMID: 35542014 PMCID: PMC9078479 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00411k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, theoretical studies were performed on the atmospheric oxidation of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and sulfite ions (HSO3−) by ozone (O3) to produce sulfuric acid and hydrosulfate ions. The most favorable path for the H2SO3 + O3 reaction has been found to be initiated from concerted H-abstraction and oxygen addition, with an overall energy barrier of 18.3 kcal mol−1. On the other hand, the most favorable path for the HSO3− + O3 reaction is initiated from oxygen addition, with an overall energy barrier of only 0.3 kcal mol−1. Kinetic simulations were performed to estimate the significance of these reactions in the formation of atmospheric sulfate and destruction of the ozone layer. The results provide new insight into the missing source of atmospheric sulfate and particulate matter. Herein, theoretical studies were performed on the atmospheric oxidation of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and sulfite ions (HSO3−) by ozone (O3) to produce sulfuric acid and hydrosulfate ions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sheng
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Liu Jingjing
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chen Yu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Tao Fu-Ming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- California State University
- Fullerton
- USA
| | - Duan Xuemei
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Liu Jing-yao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
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18
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Gimeno-Prat A, Cortés-Sanchón A, Martín A, Baya M, Casas JM. Platinum-mediated monohydration of SO 2. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16846-16849. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The monohydration of SO2 has been achieved in solution mediated by a platinum-aquo complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gimeno-Prat
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Adrián Cortés-Sanchón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - José M. Casas
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza
- ES-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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19
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Zhong J, Zhu C, Li L, Richmond GL, Francisco JS, Zeng XC. Interaction of SO2 with the Surface of a Water Nanodroplet. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17168-17174. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | | | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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20
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Miriyala VM, Bhasi P, Nhlabatsi ZP, Sitha S. Formation of a pre-reaction hydrogen-bonded complex and its significance in the potential energy surface of the OH + SO2→ HOSO2 reaction: A computational study. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using computational calculations, we have revisited the potential energy surface (PES) of the reaction between OH and SO2, which is believed as the rate-limiting step in the atmospheric formation of H2SO4. In this work, we report for the first time the presence of a pre-reaction hydrogen-bonded complex between OH and SO2 in the reaction PES. Based on this finding, it has been shown that the reaction can be considered as a two-step process in which the first step is the formation of the pre-reaction complex and the second step is the transformation of this complex to the product. It was observed that due to the presence of this pre-reaction complex as a potential well in the reaction PES, the barrier height got increased by around two-fold for the second step. Based on this observation, it has been proposed that the kinetics of the reaction is going to be affected. Also based on the analysis of the geometries of this pre-reaction complex and the transition state, it has been argued that the step involving the transformation of this pre-reaction complex to the product via the transition state is going to be the slowest step as this transformation involves large structural changes of the stationary points involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M. Miriyala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Priya Bhasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Zanele P. Nhlabatsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Sanyasi Sitha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
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21
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Abstract
We theoretically investigate the rate constantk(T,p) of the OH + SO2reaction with experimental accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Guizhou Minzu University
- Guiyang
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Junwei Lucas Bao
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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22
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Gas-phase hydrolysis of triplet SO2: A possible direct route to atmospheric acid formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30000. [PMID: 27417675 PMCID: PMC4945918 DOI: 10.1038/srep30000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur chemistry is of great interest to the atmospheric chemistry of several planets. In the presence of water, oxidized sulfur can lead to new particle formation, influencing climate in significant ways. Observations of sulfur compounds in planetary atmospheres when compared with model results suggest that there are missing chemical mechanisms. Here we propose a novel mechanism for the formation of sulfurous acid, which may act as a seed for new particle formation. In this proposed mechanism, the lowest triplet state of SO2 (3B1), which may be accessed by near-UV solar excitation of SO2 to its excited 1B1 state followed by rapid intersystem crossing, reacts directly with water to form H2SO3 in the gas phase. For ground state SO2, this reaction is endothermic and has a very high activation barrier; our quantum chemical calculations point to a facile reaction being possible in the triplet state of SO2. This hygroscopic H2SO3 molecule may act as a condensation nucleus for water, giving rise to facile new particle formation (NPF).
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23
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Liu J, Fang S, Bing Q, Tao FM, Liu JY. Theoretical study of the auto-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction of sulfur dioxide. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Liu J, Fang S, Wang Z, Yi W, Tao FM, Liu JY. Hydrolysis of Sulfur Dioxide in Small Clusters of Sulfuric Acid: Mechanistic and Kinetic Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13112-13120. [PMID: 26450714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The deposition and hydrolysis reaction of SO2 + H2O in small clusters of sulfuric acid and water are studied by theoretical calculations of the molecular clusters SO2-(H2SO4)n-(H2O)m (m = 1,2; n = 1,2). Sulfuric acid exhibits a dramatic catalytic effect on the hydrolysis reaction of SO2 as it lowers the energy barrier by over 20 kcal/mol. The reaction with monohydrated sulfuric acid (SO2 + H2O + H2SO4 - H2O) has the lowest energy barrier of 3.83 kcal/mol, in which the cluster H2SO4-(H2O)2 forms initially at the entrance channel. The energy barriers for the three hydrolysis reactions are in the order SO2 + (H2SO4)-H2O > SO2 + (H2SO4)2-H2O > SO2 + H2SO4-H2O. Furthermore, sulfurous acid is more strongly bonded to the hydrated sulfuric acid (or dimer) clusters than the corresponding reactant (monohydrated SO2). Consequently, sulfuric acid promotes the hydrolysis of SO2 both kinetically and thermodynamically. Kinetics simulations have been performed to study the importance of these reactions in the reduction of atmospheric SO2. The results will give a new insight on how the pre-existing aerosols catalyze the hydrolysis of SO2, leading to the formation and growth of new particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencai Yi
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Ming Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University , Fullerton, California 92834, United States
| | - Jing-Yao Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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25
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Yosa Reyes J, Nagy T, Meuwly M. Competitive reaction pathways in vibrationally induced photodissociation of H2SO4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:18533-44. [PMID: 25072517 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vibrationally induced photodissociation of sulfuric acid into H2O + SO3 is investigated based on reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Multisurface adiabatic reactive MD simulations allow us to follow both, H-transfer and water elimination after excitation of the ν9 OH-stretching mode. Analysis of several thousand trajectories finds that the H2O and SO3 fragments have distinct final state distributions with respect to translational, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom. Rotational distributions peak at quantum numbers j ≤ 5 for water and j ≈ 60 for SO3. The final state distributions should be useful in identifying products in forthcoming experiments. Based on the MD trajectories, a kinetic scheme has been developed which is able to explain most of the trajectory data and suggests that IVR is very rapid. Typical lifetimes of the excited complex range from several 10 picoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds, depending on the excitation level. Including temperature and pressure profiles characteristic for the stratosphere in the kinetic model shows that excitations higher than ν9 = 4 can significantly contribute to the photolysis rate. This extends and specifies earlier work in that multi-level modeling is required to understand the significance of vibrationally induced decomposition pathways of sulfuric acid in the middle atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juvenal Yosa Reyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. m.meuwly-at-unibas.ch
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26
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Sinha RK, Scuderi D, Maitre P, Chiavarino B, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S. Elusive Sulfurous Acid: Gas-Phase Basicity and IR Signature of the Protonated Species. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1605-1610. [PMID: 26263321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ion corresponding to protonated sulfurous acid, H3SO3(+), has been successfully delivered into the gas phase by electrospray ionization of the solution of a suitable precursor and an in-source fragmentation process. The neutral acid is a highly elusive molecule. However, its gas-phase basicity has been ascertained by means of a kinetic study of proton-transfer reactivity. The structure of the H3SO3(+) sampled ion has been probed by IRMPD spectroscopy in two complementary IR frequency ranges in conjunction with density functional theory calculations and found to conform to a trihydroxosulfonium ion. The characteristic IR signatures may aid in deciphering the presence of this species in extraterrestrial atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Sinha
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- ∥Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka, India
| | - Debora Scuderi
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maitre
- †Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Chiavarino
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- ‡Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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27
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Liu J, Fang S, Liu W, Wang M, Tao FM, Liu JY. Mechanism of the Gaseous Hydrolysis Reaction of SO2: Effects of NH3 versus H2O. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:102-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5086075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Ming Tao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92834, United States
| | - Jing-yao Liu
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Chen X, Tao C, Zhong L, Gao Y, Yao W, Li S. Theoretical study on the atmospheric reaction of SO2 with the HO2 and HO2·H2O complex formation HSO4 and H2SO3. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Lin CL, Chu SY. Comparative Study between Carbonic and Sulfurous Acids for Dissociation Reaction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Mousavipour SH, Mortazavi M, Hematti O. Multichannel RRKM-TST and Direct-Dynamics CVT Study of the Reaction of Hydrogen Sulfide with Ozone. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6744-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mortazavi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Omid Hematti
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
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31
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Younker JM, Saito T, Hunt MA, Naskar AK, Beste A. Pyrolysis Pathways of Sulfonated Polyethylene, an Alternative Carbon Fiber Precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6130-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarod M. Younker
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
37831-6164, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Materials Science and Technology
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6053, United States
| | - Marcus A. Hunt
- Materials Science and Technology
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6053, United States
| | - Amit K. Naskar
- Materials Science and Technology
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6053, United States
| | - Ariana Beste
- Joint Institute for Computational
Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1 Bethel
Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6164, United States
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32
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Bork N, Loukonen V, Vehkamäki H. Reactions and Reaction Rate of Atmospheric SO2 and O3– (H2O)n Collisions via Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3143-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp311103z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Bork
- Division of Atmospheric
Sciences
and Geophysics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, H.
C. Ørsted Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ville Loukonen
- Division of Atmospheric
Sciences
and Geophysics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Division of Atmospheric
Sciences
and Geophysics, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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33
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STIRLING A. SO2 Hydrolysis: Ab initio MD Study of the Formation of Bisulfite Ion. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER CHEMISTRY-JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.2477/jccj.2012-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Townsend TM, Allanic A, Noonan C, Sodeau JR. Characterization of sulfurous acid, sulfite, and bisulfite aerosol systems. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:4035-46. [PMID: 22471624 DOI: 10.1021/jp212120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acidic tropospheric aerosols contain inorganic species such as sulfurous acid (H(2)SO(3)). As the main alkaline species, ammonia (NH(3)) plays an important role in the heterogeneous neutralization of these acidic aerosols. An aerosol flow-tube apparatus was used to obtain simultaneous optical and size distribution measurements using FTIR and SMPS measurements, respectively, as a function of relative humidity and aerosol chemical composition. A novel chemiluminescence apparatus was also used to measure ammonium ion concentration [NH(4)(+)]. The interactions between ammonia and hydrated sulfur dioxide (SO(2)·H(2)O) were studied at different humidities and concentrations. SO(2)·H(2)O is an important species as it represents the first intermediate in the overall atmospheric oxidation process of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)). This complex was produced within gaseous, aqueous, and aerosol SO(2) systems. The addition of ammonia gave mainly hydrogen sulfite (SHO(3)(-)) tautomers and disulfite ions (S(2)O(5)(2-)). These species were prevalent at high humidities enhancing the aqueous nature of sulfur(IV) species. Their weak acidity is evident due to the low [NH(4)(+)] produced. Size distributions obtained correlated well with the various stages of particulate compositional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Townsend
- Centre for Research into Atmospheric Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, and Environmental Research Institute, Cork, Ireland.
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35
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Nagy B, Szakács P, Csontos J, Rolik Z, Tasi G, Kállay M. High-Accuracy Theoretical Thermochemistry of Atmospherically Important Sulfur-Containing Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7823-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp203406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Nagy
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Hungary
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Szakács
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Hungary
| | - József Csontos
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rolik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Hungary
| | - Gyula Tasi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kállay
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Hungary
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Moin ST, Lim LHV, Hofer TS, Randolf BR, Rode BM. Sulfur Dioxide in Water: Structure and Dynamics Studied by an Ab Initio Quantum Mechanical Charge Field Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3379-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102240p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Tarique Moin
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Len Herald V. Lim
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas S. Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard R. Randolf
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernd M. Rode
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Baer M, Mundy CJ, Chang TM, Tao FM, Dang LX. Interpreting Vibrational Sum-Frequency Spectra of Sulfur Dioxide at the Air/Water Interface: A Comprehensive Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7245-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100310s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Baer
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92603
| | - Christopher J. Mundy
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92603
| | - Tsun-Mei Chang
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92603
| | - Fu-Ming Tao
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92603
| | - Liem X. Dang
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, California 92603
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Li P, Ma ZY, Wang WH, Shen ZT, Bi SW, Sun HT, Bu YX. Coupling Interactions between Sulfurous Acid and the Hydroperoxyl Radical. Chemphyschem 2009; 11:696-705. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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DFT Study for the Thermodynamic Stability and Binding Energeticsof S nO n, S nO 2n, S nO 3n(n = 1~4). JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2009.53.5.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Szori M, Csizmadia IG, Fittschen C, Viskolcz B. Theoretical Study on Reactions of HO2 Radical with Photodissociation Products of Cl2SO (ClSO and SO). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9981-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901183k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Szori
- Department of Chemical Informatics, Faculty of Education,
University of Szeged, Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6. Hungary 6725,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
M5S 3H6, and PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère,
UMR CNRS 8522, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Imre G. Csizmadia
- Department of Chemical Informatics, Faculty of Education,
University of Szeged, Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6. Hungary 6725,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
M5S 3H6, and PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère,
UMR CNRS 8522, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Christa Fittschen
- Department of Chemical Informatics, Faculty of Education,
University of Szeged, Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6. Hungary 6725,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
M5S 3H6, and PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère,
UMR CNRS 8522, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Bela Viskolcz
- Department of Chemical Informatics, Faculty of Education,
University of Szeged, Szeged, Boldogasszony sgt. 6. Hungary 6725,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
M5S 3H6, and PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère,
UMR CNRS 8522, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille
1, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
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41
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Ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the structures and vibrational spectra of some molecular complexes containing sulphur dioxide. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Steudel R, Steudel Y. Sulfur Dioxide and Water: Structures and Energies of the Hydrated Species SO2·nH2O, [HSO3]-·nH2O, [SO3H]-·nH2O, and H2SO3·nH2O (n= 0-8). Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Glowacki DR, Reed SK, Pilling MJ, Shalashilin DV, Martínez-Núñez E. Classical, quantum and statistical simulations of vibrationally excited HOSO2: IVR, dissociation, and implications for OH + SO2kinetics at high pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:963-74. [DOI: 10.1039/b816108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Klopper W, Tew DP, González-García N, Olzmann M. Heat of formation of the HOSO2 radical from accurate quantum chemical calculations. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:114308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2973637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Gaussian-3 and MP2/aug-cc-pVnZ methods have been used to calculate geometries and thermochemistry of CS(2)(H2O)n, where n=1-4. An extensive molecular dynamics search followed by optimization using these two methods located two dimers, six trimers, six tetramers, and two pentamers. The MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ structure matched best with the experimental result for the CS(2)(H2O) dimer, showing that diffuse functions are necessary to model the interactions found in this complex. For larger CS(2)(H2O)n clusters, the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ minima are significantly different from the MP2(full)6-31G* structures, revealing that the G3 model chemistry is not suitable for investigation of sulfur containing van der Waals complexes. Based on the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ free energies, the concentration of saturated water in the atmosphere and the average amount of CS(2) in the atmosphere, the concentrations of these clusters are predicted to be on the order of 10(5) CS(2)(H2O) clusters.cm(-3) and 10(2) CS(2)(H2O)(2) clusters.cm(-3) at 298.15 K. The MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ scaled harmonic and anharmonic frequencies of the most abundant dimer cluster at 298 K are presented, along with the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ scaled harmonic frequencies for the CS(2)(H(2)O)(n) structures predicted to be present in a low-temperature molecular beam experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl N Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA.
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47
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Wierzejewska M, Olbert-Majkut A. Theoretical Studies of the Reaction Channels on the SO2/OH/NO Singlet Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2790-6. [PMID: 17388382 DOI: 10.1021/jp067438r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) investigation of the SO2/OH/NO singlet potential energy surface (PES) has been performed with the aim to localize and describe the existing minima and transition states linking them. The systematic studies have revealed seven minima, with the trans-HONO-SO2 complex (1t) being the global minimum. Eight transition states between minima or between minima and the relevant reactant species have been described. Several available izomerization and dissociation routes have been identified and discussed. The most favorable association of HOSO2 and NO was found to be a barrierless process forming nitrososulfonic acids. Isomerizations between trans-, cis-, and gauche- nitrososulfonic acids (2t, 2c, and 2g) are possible with low-energy barriers. The HOSO2 and NO species can also react via another channels involving high-energy transition states to produce the HOSO-NO2 (3) and HNO-SO3 (4) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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48
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Dong F, Heinbuch S, Rocca JJ, Bernstein ER. Single photon ionization of van der Waals clusters with a soft x-ray laser: (SO2)n and (SO2)n(H2O)m. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:154317. [PMID: 17059265 DOI: 10.1063/1.2348878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
van der Waals cluster (SO2)n is investigated by using single photon ionization of a 26.5 eV soft x-ray laser. During the ionization process, neutral clusters suffer a small fragmentation because almost all energy is taken away by the photoelectron and a small part of the photon energy is deposited into the (SO2)n cluster. The distribution of (SO2)n clusters decreases roughly exponentially with increasing cluster size. The photoionization dissociation fraction of I[(SO2)(n-1)SO+] / I[(SO2)n+] decreases with increasing cluster size due to the formation of cluster. The metastable dissociation rate constants of (SO2)n+ are measured in the range of (0.6-1.5) x 10(4) s(-1) for cluster sizes 5< or =n< or =16. Mixed SO2-H2O clusters are studied at different experimental conditions. At the condition of high SO2 concentration (20% SO2 partial pressure), (SO2)n+ cluster ions dominate the mass spectrum, and the unprotonated mixed cluster ions (SO2)nH2O+ (1< or =n< or =5) are observed. At the condition of low SO2 concentration (5% SO2 partial pressure) (H2O)nH+ cluster ions are the dominant signals, and protonated cluster ions (SO2)(H2O)nH+ are observed. The mixed clusters, containing only one SO2 or H2O molecule, SO2(H2O)nH+ and (SO2)nH2O+ are observed, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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49
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Hirabayashi S, Ito F, Yamada KMT. Infrared spectra of the (H2O)n–SO2 complexes in argon matrices. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:34508. [PMID: 16863363 DOI: 10.1063/1.2214716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrared spectra of the (H(2)O)n-SO(2) complexes trapped in argon matrices have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition to the 1:1 and 2:1 complexes, the first spectroscopic evidence for the 3:1 complex has been obtained from the spectra of the SO stretching and the OH stretching modes. The observed frequency shifts in the bonded OH stretching region indicate that the hydrogen bonds of the 2:1 and 3:1 complexes are strengthened compared to that of the 1:1 complex, which suggests the cyclic structure of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), EMTech, AIST Tsukuba-West, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
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50
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Anglada JM, Olivella S, Solé A. Hydrogen Transfer between Sulfuric Acid and Hydroxyl Radical in the Gas Phase: Competition among Hydrogen Atom Transfer, Proton-Coupled Electron-Transfer, and Double Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:1982-90. [PMID: 16451034 DOI: 10.1021/jp056155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to assess the potential role of the hydroxyl radical in the atmospheric degradation of sulfuric acid, the hydrogen transfer between H2SO4 and HO* in the gas phase has been investigated by means of DFT and quantum-mechanical electronic-structure calculations, as well as classical transition state theory computations. The first step of the H2SO4 + HO* reaction is the barrierless formation of a prereactive hydrogen-bonded complex (Cr1) lying 8.1 kcal mol(-1) below the sum of the (298 K) enthalpies of the reactants. After forming Cr1, a single hydrogen transfer from H2SO4 to HO* and a degenerate double hydrogen-exchange between H2SO4 and HO* may occur. The single hydrogen transfer, yielding HSO4* and H2O, can take place through three different transition structures, the two lowest energy ones (TS1 and TS2) corresponding to a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism, whereas the higher energy one (TS3) is associated with a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. The double hydrogen-exchange, affording products identical to reactants, takes place through a transition structure (TS4) involving a double proton-transfer mechanism and is predicted to be the dominant pathway. A rate constant of 1.50 x 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 298 K is obtained for the overall reaction H2SO4 + HO*. The single hydrogen transfer through TS1, TS2, and TS3 contributes to the overall rate constant at 298 K with a 43.4%. It is concluded that the single hydrogen transfer from H2SO4 to HO* yielding HSO4* and H2O might well be a significant sink for gaseous sulfuric acid in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Anglada
- Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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