1
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Douglas KM, Lucas D, Walsh C, Blitz MA, Heard DE. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction of NH 2 with NO at Very Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7205-7215. [PMID: 37589656 PMCID: PMC10476206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The first experimental study of the low-temperature kinetics of the gas-phase reaction between NH2 and NO has been performed. A pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to create and monitor the temporal decay of NH2 in the presence of NO. Measurements were carried out over the temperature range of 24-106 K, with the low temperatures achieved using a pulsed Laval nozzle expansion. The negative temperature dependence of the reaction rate coefficient observed at higher temperatures in the literature continues at these lower temperatures, with the rate coefficient reaching 3.5 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at T = 26 K. Ab initio calculations of the potential energy surface were combined with rate theory calculations using the MESMER software package in order to calculate and predict rate coefficients and branching ratios over a wide range of temperatures, which are largely consistent with experimentally determined literature values. These theoretical calculations indicate that at the low temperatures investigated for this reaction, only one product channel producing N2 + H2O is important. The rate coefficients determined in this study were used in a gas-phase astrochemical model. Models were run over a range of physical conditions appropriate for cold to warm molecular clouds (10 to 30 K; 104 to 106 cm-3), resulting in only minor changes (<1%) to the abundances of NH2 and NO at steady state. Hence, despite the observed increase in the rate at low temperatures, this mechanism is not a dominant loss mechanism for either NH2 or NO under dark cloud conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Lucas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Catherine Walsh
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Mark A. Blitz
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- National
Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Dwayne E. Heard
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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2
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Rahman ZU, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang X, Yang Z, Tan H, Axelbaum RL. A kinetic evaluation and optimization study on NO x reduction by reburning under pressurized oxy-combustion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112690. [PMID: 33901829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pressurized oxy-combustion is an emerging and more efficient technology for carbon capture, utilization, and storage than the first generation (atmospheric) oxy-combustion. NOx is a major conventional pollutant produced in pressurized oxy-combustion. In pressurized oxy-combustion, the utilization of latent heat from moisture and removal of acid gases (NOx and SOx) are mainly conducted in an integrated direct-contact wash column. Recent studies have shown that NOx particular inlet concentration should be maintained before direct contact wash column to remove NOx and SOx efficiently. As a result, minimizing NOx for environmental reasons, avoiding corrosion in carbon capture, utilization, and storage, and achieving effective NOx and SOx removal in direct contact wash columns are crucial. Reburning is a capable and affordable technology for NOx reduction; however, this process is still less studied at elevated pressure, particularly in pressurized oxy-combustion. In this paper, the kinetic evaluation and optimization study on NOx reduction by reburning under pressurized oxy-combustion was conducted. First, the most suitable mechanism was selected by comparing the results of different kinetic models with the experimental data in literature at atmospheric and elevated pressures. Based on the validated mechanism, a variety of parameters were studied at high pressure, i.e., comparing the effects of oxy and the air environment, different reburning fuels, residence time, H2O concentration, CH4/NO ratio, and equivalence ratio on the NO reduction. The results show that de-NOx efficiency in an oxy environment is significantly enhanced compared to the air environment. Improvement in the de-NOx efficiency is considerably higher with a pressure increase of up to 10 atm, but the effect is less prominent above 10 atm. The formation of HCN is significantly reduced while the N2 formation is enhanced as the pressure increases from 1 to 10 atm. The residence time required for the maximum NO reduction decreases as the pressure increases from 1 atm to 15 atm. At the higher pressure, the NO reduction rises prominently when the ratio of CH4/NO increases from 1 to 2; however, the effect fades after that. At higher pressure, the NO reduction by CH4 reburning decreases as the H2O concentration increases from 0 to 35%. The optimum equivalence ratio and high pressure for maximum NO reduction are 1.5 and 10 atm, respectively. This study could provide guidance for designing and optimizing a pressurized reburning process for NOx reduction in POC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ur Rahman
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaye Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Henan Province Boiler Pressure Vessel Safety Inspection Institute, Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Consortium for Clean Coal Utilization, Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Houzhang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Richard L Axelbaum
- Consortium for Clean Coal Utilization, Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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3
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Trac HP, Le Huyen T, Lin MC. A Computational Study on the Redox Reactions of Ammonia and Methylamine with Nitrogen Tetroxide. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9923-9932. [PMID: 33201710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The redox reactions of NH3 and CH3NH2 with N2O4 (NTO) have been studied by ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations at the UCCSD(T)∥UB3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory. These reactions are related to the well-known NTO-hydrazine(s) propellant systems. On the basis of the predicted potential energy surfaces, the mechanisms for these reactions were found to be similar to the hydrolysis of NTO and the hypergolic initiation reaction of the NTO-N2H4 mixture, primarily controlled by the conversion of NTO to ONONO2 via very loose transition states (with NH3 and CH3NH2 as spectators in the collision complexes) followed by the rapid attack of ONONO2 at the spectating molecules producing HNO3 and RNO (R = NH2 and CH3NH). The predicted mechanism for the NH3 reaction compares closely with its isoelectronic process NTO + H2O; similarly, the mechanism for the NTO + CH3NH2 reaction also compares closely with its isoelectronic NTO + NH2NH2 reaction. The kinetics for the formation of the final products, HNO3 + RNO (R = NH2, OH, CH3NH, and N2H3), were found to be weakly pressure-dependent at low temperatures and affected by the strengths of H-NH2 and H-OH but not in the RNH2 case. We have also compared the predicted rate constant for the oxidation of NH3 by N2O4 with that for the analogous NH3 + N2O5 recently reported by Sarkar and Bandyopadhyay [J. Phys. Chem. A. 2020, 124, 3564-3572] under troposphere conditions. The rate of the latter reaction was estimated to be 2 orders of magnitude slower than that of the N2O4 reaction under troposphere conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Phuong Trac
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Trinh Le Huyen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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4
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Schmitt S, Schwarz S, Ruwe L, Horstmann J, Sabath F, Maier L, Deutschmann O, Kohse‐Höinghaus K. Homogeneous conversion of NO
x
and NH
3
with CH
4
, CO, and C
2
H
4
at the diluted conditions of exhaust‐gases of lean operated natural gas engines. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Sabrina Schwarz
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Lena Ruwe
- Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Bielefeld 33615 Germany
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig 38116 Germany
| | | | - Franziska Sabath
- Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Lubow Maier
- Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Olaf Deutschmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
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5
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Elishav O, Mosevitzky Lis B, Miller EM, Arent DJ, Valera-Medina A, Grinberg Dana A, Shter GE, Grader GS. Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5352-5436. [PMID: 32501681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alternative fuels are essential to enable the transition to a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy supply. Synthetic fuels derived from renewable energies can act as energy storage media, thus mitigating the effects of fossil fuels on environment and health. Their economic viability, environmental impact, and compatibility with current infrastructure and technologies are fuel and power source specific. Nitrogen-based fuels pose one possible synthetic fuel pathway. In this review, we discuss the progress and current research on utilization of nitrogen-based fuels in power applications, covering the complete fuel cycle. We cover the production, distribution, and storage of nitrogen-based fuels. We assess much of the existing literature on the reactions involved in the ammonia to nitrogen atom pathway in nitrogen-based fuel combustion. Furthermore, we discuss nitrogen-based fuel applications ranging from combustion engines to gas turbines, as well as their exploitation by suggested end-uses. Thereby, we evaluate the potential opportunities and challenges of expanding the role of nitrogen-based molecules in the energy sector, outlining their use as energy carriers in relevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Elishav
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Bar Mosevitzky Lis
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Materials and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Douglas J Arent
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Agustin Valera-Medina
- College of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alon Grinberg Dana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gennady E Shter
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gideon S Grader
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.,The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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6
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McCarthy MC, Lee KLK, Stanton JF. Detection and structural characterization of nitrosamide H 2NNO: A central intermediate in deNO x processes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:134301. [PMID: 28987087 DOI: 10.1063/1.4992097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and bonding of H2NNO, the simplest N-nitrosamine, and a key intermediate in deNOx processes, have been precisely characterized using a combination of rotational spectroscopy of its more abundant isotopic species and high-level quantum chemical calculations. Isotopic spectroscopy provides compelling evidence that this species is formed promptly in our discharge expansion via the NH2 + NO reaction and is collisionally cooled prior to subsequent unimolecular rearrangement. H2NNO is found to possess an essentially planar geometry, an NNO angle of 113.67(5)°, and a N-N bond length of 1.342(3) Å; in combination with the derived nitrogen quadrupole coupling constants, its bonding is best described as an admixture of uncharged dipolar (H2N-N=O, single bond) and zwitterion (H2N+=N-O-, double bond) structures. At the CCSD(T) level, and extrapolating to the complete basis set limit, the planar geometry appears to represent the minimum of the potential surface, although the torsional potential of this molecule is extremely flat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kin Long Kelvin Lee
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John F Stanton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA
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7
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Raghunath P, Lee YP, Lin MC. Computational Chemical Kinetics for the Reaction of Criegee Intermediate CH2OO with HNO3 and Its Catalytic Conversion to OH and HCO. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3871-3878. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Raghunath
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - M. C. Lin
- Center
for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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8
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Vereecken L, Glowacki DR, Pilling MJ. Theoretical Chemical Kinetics in Tropospheric Chemistry: Methodologies and Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4063-114. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500488p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Vereecken
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - David R. Glowacki
- PULSE
Institute and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
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9
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Xu ZF, Raghunath P, Lin MC. Ab Initio Chemical Kinetics for the CH3 + O(3P) Reaction and Related Isomerization–Decomposition of CH3O and CH2OH Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7404-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. F. Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - P. Raghunath
- Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - M. C. Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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10
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da Silva G. Formation of nitrosamines and alkyldiazohydroxides in the gas phase: the CH3NH + NO reaction revisited. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7766-7772. [PMID: 23786319 DOI: 10.1021/es401591n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminyl free radicals of the form RN(•)H are formed in the photochemical oxidation of primary amines, and their reaction with (•)NO is an important tropospheric sink. Reaction of the parent methylamidogen radical (CH3N(•)H) with (•)NO in the gas phase has been studied using quantum chemical techniques and RRKM theory/master equation based kinetic modeling. Calculations with the G3X-K composite theoretical method indicate that reaction proceeds via exothermic formation of a primary nitrosamine intermediate, CH3NHNO, which can isomerize to an alkyldiazohydroxide, CH3NNOH, and further eliminate water to form diazomethane, CH2NN. Master equation simulations conducted at tropospheric conditions identify that the collisionally stabilized CH3NHNO and CH3NNOH isomers are the major reaction products, with smaller yields of CH2NN + H2O. A previously proposed mechanism in which the primary nitrosamine is destroyed via isomerization to CH2NHNOH, followed by reaction with O2 to produce CH2NH + HO2(•) + (•)NO, is disproved. In the atmosphere, CH2NN may be formed with sufficient vibrational energy to directly dissociate to singlet methylene ((1)CH2) and N2, whereas under combustion conditions this is expected to be the dominant pathway. This study suggests that stabilized primary nitrosamines can indeed form in the photochemical oxidation of amines, along with alkyldiazohydroxides and diazoalkanes. Both classes of compound are potent alkylating agents that may need to be considered in future atmospheric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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11
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Huang CK, Xu ZF, Nakajima M, Nguyen HMT, Lin MC, Tsuchiya S, Lee YP. Dynamics of the reactions of O(1D) with CD3OH and CH3OD studied with time-resolved Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:164307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4759619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Altinay G, Macdonald RG. Determination of the Rate Constant for the NH2(X2B1) + NH2(X2B1) Recombination Reaction with Collision Partners He, Ne, Ar, and N2at Low Pressures and 296 K. Part 1. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1353-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211297x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Altinay
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue,
Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, United States
| | - R. Glen Macdonald
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
Division, Argonne National Laboratory,
9700 South Cass Avenue,
Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, United States
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13
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Lin HX, Chen GH, Liu HL, Li D, Huang XC, Liu WG, Jiao YQ. Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism of NH 2– with O 2 (a 1Δ g). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13581-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-xia Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-chun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-guang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qiu Jiao
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Changping, Beijing 102249, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Photodissociation Dynamics of Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) at 266, 248, and 193 nm. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2961-76. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Xu ZF, Lin MC. Ab initio chemical kinetic study on Cl + ClO and related reverse processes. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11477-82. [PMID: 20923205 DOI: 10.1021/jp102947w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of ClO with Cl and its related reverse processes have been studied theoretically by ab initio quantum chemical and statistical mechanical calculations. The geometric parameters of the reactants, products, and transition states are optimized by both UMPW1PW91 and unrestricted coupled-cluster single and double excitation (UCCSD) methods with the 6-311+G(3df) basis set. The potential energy surface has been further refined (with triple excitations, T) at the UCCSD(T)/6-311+G(3df) level of theory. The results show that Cl(2) and O ((3)P) can be produced by chlorine atom abstraction via a tight transition state, while ClOCl ((1)A(1)) and ClClO ((1)A') can be formed by barrierless association processes with exothermicities of 31.8 and 16.0 kcal/mol, respectively. In principle the O ((1)D) atom can be generated with a large endothermicity of 56.9 kcal/mol; on the other hand, its barrierless reaction with Cl(2) can readily form ClClO ((1)A'), which fragments rapidly to give ClO + Cl. The rate constants of both forward and reverse processes have been predicted at 150-2000 K by the microcanonical variational transition state theory (VTST)/Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The predicted rate constants are in good agreement with available experimental data within reported errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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16
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Sivaramakrishnan R, Michael JV, Klippenstein SJ. Direct Observation of Roaming Radicals in the Thermal Decomposition of Acetaldehyde. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:755-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906918z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sivaramakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - J. V. Michael
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - S. J. Klippenstein
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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17
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Sharma S, Green WH. Computed Rate Coefficients and Product Yields for c-C5H5 + CH3 → Products. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8871-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900679t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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18
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Tzeng SY, Chen PH, Wang NS, Lee LC, Xu ZF, Lin MC. Kinetics and Mechanism of the CN + NCO → NCN + CO Reaction Studied by Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6314-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901903n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiang-Yang Tzeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 30010, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Po-Hsueh Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 30010, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Niann S. Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 30010, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - L. C. Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 30010, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Z. F. Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 30010, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - M. C. Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, Chiao Tung University, Taiwan 30010, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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19
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Sellevåg SR, Georgievskii Y, Miller JA. Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Recombination Reaction of Hydroxyl Radicals to Form Hydrogen Peroxide. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4457-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stig R. Sellevåg
- SINTEF Energy Research, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway, and Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Yuri Georgievskii
- SINTEF Energy Research, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway, and Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - James A. Miller
- SINTEF Energy Research, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway, and Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
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Miller JA, Senosiain JP, Klippenstein SJ, Georgievskii Y. Reactions over Multiple, Interconnected Potential Wells: Unimolecular and Bimolecular Reactions on a C3H5 Potential. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9429-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Andersen A, Carter EA. First-principles-derived kinetics of the reactions involved in low-temperature dimethyl ether oxidation. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701837008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Giri BR, Kiefer JH, Xu H, Klippenstein SJ, Tranter RS. An experimental and theoretical high temperature kinetic study of the thermal unimolecular dissociation of fluoroethane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:6266-73. [DOI: 10.1039/b808168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Fernandez-Ramos A, Miller JA, Klippenstein SJ, Truhlar DG. Modeling the kinetics of bimolecular reactions. Chem Rev 2007; 106:4518-84. [PMID: 17091928 DOI: 10.1021/cr050205w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez-Ramos
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Knepp AM, Meloni G, Jusinski LE, Taatjes CA, Cavallotti C, Klippenstein SJ. Theory, measurements, and modeling of OH and HO2 formation in the reaction of cyclohexyl radicals with O2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4315-31. [PMID: 17687479 DOI: 10.1039/b705934e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The production of OH and HO(2) in Cl-initiated oxidation of cyclohexane has been measured using pulsed-laser photolytic initiation and continuous-laser absorption detection. The experimental data are modeled by master equation calculations that employ new G2(MP2)-like ab initio characterizations of important stationary points on the cyclo-C(6)H(11)O(2) surface. These ab initio calculations are a substantial expansion on previously published characterizations, including explicit consideration of conformational changes (chair-boat, axial-equatorial) and torsional potentials. The rate constants for the decomposition and ring-opening of cyclohexyl radical are also computed with ab initio based transition state theory calculations. Comparison of kinetic simulations based on the master equation results with the present experimental data and with literature determinations of branching fractions suggests adjustment of several transition state energies below their ab initio values. Simulations with the adjusted values agree well with the body of experimental data. The results once again emphasize the importance of both direct and indirect components of the kinetics for the production of both HO(2) and OH in radical + O(2) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Knepp
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551-0969, USA
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25
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Chen HL, Wu CW, Ho JJ. Theoretical investigation of the mechanisms of reactions of H2CN and H2SiN with NO. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:8893-900. [PMID: 16836453 DOI: 10.1021/jp060355q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the reaction of H2XN (X = C, Si) with NO were studied at the level CCSD(T)/aug-cc-PVTZ//B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p). The results indicate that there are two most favorable reaction pathways in the reaction H2CN + NO that have similar energy barriers; these two pathways lead to the formation of HCN + HNO (P1) and H2CO + N2 (P3), with the calculated barriers 11.1 and 10.2 kcal/mol, respectively, with respect to the reactants (H2CN + NO). In the reaction H2SiN + NO the difference of the barriers in these two analogous pathways becomes large, and the preferable pathway shifts to the production of H2SiO + N2 (P3s), which has no barrier with respect to the reactants (H2SiN + NO). A direct reduction of NO into a stable and nontoxic nitrogen molecule with no energy input becomes possible. As a consequence, H2SiN might be an effective reagent to convert the reactive and toxic NO into a benign gas N2 in several NO-producing combustion systems. We offer a possible explanation of the differences between H2CN and H2SiN toward NO as well as the calculated potential energies for these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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26
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Sayin H, McKee ML. Theoretical study of the mechanism of NO2 production from NO + ClO. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:4736-43. [PMID: 16833815 DOI: 10.1021/jp050695w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of NO with ClO has been studied theoretically using density-functional and wave function methods (B3LYP and CCSD(T)). Although a barrier for cis and trans additions could be located at the RCCSD(T) and UCCSD(T) levels, no barrier exists at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d) level. Variational transition state theory on a CASPT2(12,12)/ANO-L//B3LYP/6-311+G(d) surface was used to calculate the rate constants for addition. The rate constant for cis addition was faster than that for trans addition (cis:trans 1:0.76 at 298 K). The rate constant data summed for cis and trans addition in the range 200-1000 K were fit to a temperature-dependent rate in the form kdi) = 3.30 x 10(-13)T(0.558) exp(305/T) cm3.molecule(-1).s(-1), which is in good agreement with experiment. When the data are fit to an Arrhenius plot in the range 200-400 K, an activation barrier of -0.35 kcal/mol is obtained. The formation of ClNO2 from ONOCl has a much higher activation enthalpy from the trans isomer compared to the cis isomer. In fact, the preferred decomposition pathway from trans-ONOCl to NO2 + Cl is predicted to go through the cis-ONOCl intermediate. The trans --> cis isomerization rate constant is kiso = 1.92 x 10(13) exp(-4730/T) s(-1) using transition state theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sayin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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27
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Experimental study of mass transfer limited reaction—Part I: Use of fibre optic spectrometry to infer asymmetric mass transfer coefficients. Chem Eng Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Sun D, Schneider WF, Adams JB, Sengupta D. Molecular Origins of Selectivity in the Reduction of NOx by NH3. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Physical and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop 3083/SRL, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, and CFD Research Corporation, 215 Wynn Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35805
| | - William F. Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Physical and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop 3083/SRL, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, and CFD Research Corporation, 215 Wynn Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35805
| | - James B. Adams
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Physical and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop 3083/SRL, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, and CFD Research Corporation, 215 Wynn Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35805
| | - Debasis Sengupta
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, Physical and Environmental Sciences Department, Ford Motor Company, Mail Drop 3083/SRL, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, and CFD Research Corporation, 215 Wynn Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35805
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Miller JA, Klippenstein SJ. The H + C2H2(+M) ⇄ C2H3(+M) and H + C2H2(+M) ⇄ C2H5(+M) reactions: Electronic structure, variational transition-state theory, and solutions to a two-dimensional master equation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b313645k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Song S, Hanson RK, Bowman CT, Golden DM. A Shock Tube Study of the Product Branching Ratio of the NH2 + NO Reaction at High Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020943d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soonho Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Ronald K. Hanson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Craig T. Bowman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - David M. Golden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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32
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Marcy TP, Heard DE, Leone SR. Product Studies of Inelastic and Reactive Collisions of NH2 + NO: Effects of Vibrationally and Electronically Excited NH2†. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013997g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Marcy
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - Dwayne E. Heard
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440
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Zhu RS, Diau EGW, Lin MC, Mebel AM. A Computational Study of the OH(OD) + CO Reactions: Effects of Pressure, Temperature, and Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling on Product Formation. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - E. G. W. Diau
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - M. C. Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - A. M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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34
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Thiesemann H, Clifford EP, Taatjes CA, Klippenstein SJ. Temperature Dependence and Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effects in the CH (CD) + C2H4 (C2D4) Reaction between 295 and 726 K. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0045641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Thiesemann
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Eileen P. Clifford
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
| | - Stephen J. Klippenstein
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969
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35
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Song S, Hanson RK, Bowman CT, Golden DM. Shock tube determination of the overall rate of NH2 + NO ? products in the thermal De-NOx temperature window. INT J CHEM KINET 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Miller JA, Klippenstein SJ. The reaction between ethyl and molecular oxygen II: Further analysis. INT J CHEM KINET 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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