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Duong J, Pryer S, Walsh C, Fitzpatrick A, Magill J, Simmonds S, Yang D, Baird-Peddie O, Rahman F, Hayter C, Tavener M. 'Nothing About Us Without Us': exploring benefits and challenges of peer support for people with disability in peer support organisations - protocol paper for a qualitative coproduction project. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073920. [PMID: 38097246 PMCID: PMC10882202 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One in six people live with disability in Australia with higher levels of disability of people from diverse communities, such as those with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. In Australia, CALD refers to people from diverse ethnicity and cultures, nationalities, societal structures and religions that may or may not speak a language other than English. This study employs researchers with lived experience of disability and peer support to study the impact of peer support for people with disability, including people from CALD backgrounds, in two peer-led organisations in New South Wales (NSW) Australia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study uses participatory action research and inclusive research design with researchers with lived experience, having lived experience of disability and a peer in the disability community, leading the research.Over three years, three different groups will be recruited through Community Disability Alliance Hunter (CDAH) and Diversity and Disability Alliance (DDAlliance): (1) peers with disability, (2) peer leaders with disability and (3) researchers with lived experience of disability and peer support. Data collection and creation methods include semistructured interviews, surveys and focus groups. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis through the lens of the researchers with lived experience. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was granted by the University of Newcastle Human Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: H-2021-0088). Dissemination includes peer-reviewed publications, presentations at local, national and international conferences and written reports for user-led organisations, disability service providers, disability agencies and people with disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Duong
- Diversity Disability Alliance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaylie Pryer
- Community Disability Alliance Hunter, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Diversity Disability Alliance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arron Fitzpatrick
- Community Disability Alliance Hunter, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Magill
- Diversity Disability Alliance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Simmonds
- Community Disability Alliance Hunter, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Yang
- Community Disability Alliance Hunter, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Owen Baird-Peddie
- Community Disability Alliance Hunter, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Farhana Rahman
- Diversity Disability Alliance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carrie Hayter
- Carrie Hayter Consulting, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith Tavener
- College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Hennessee JP, Schorn JM, Walsh C, Castel AD, Knowlton BJ. Goal-directed remembering in older adults. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37982211 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2282223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Compared to younger adults, older adults show a reduced difference in memory between items they are directed to remember and items they are directed to forget. This effect may result from increased processing of goal-irrelevant information in aging. In contrast, healthy older adults are often able to selectively remember valuable information, suggesting preservation of goal-directed encoding in aging. Here, we examined how value may differentially affect directed-forgetting and memory for irrelevant details for younger and older adults in a value-directed remembering task. In Experiment 1, participants studied words paired with a directed-forgetting cue and a point-value they earned for later recognition. Participants' memory was then tested, either after an 8-min or 24-hr retention interval. In Experiment 2 words were presented in two colors and the recognition test assessed whether the participant could retrieve the incidentally-presented point value and the color of each recognized words. In both experiments, older and younger adults displayed a comparable ability to selectively encode valuable items. However, older adults showed a reduced directed-forgetting effect compared to younger adults that was maintained across the 24-hr retention interval. In Experiment 2, older adults showed both intact directed-forgetting and similar incidental detail retrieval compared to younger adults. These findings suggest that older adults maintained selectivity to value, demonstrating that aging does not impact the differential encoding of valuable information. Furthermore, younger and older adults may be similarly goal-directed in terms of item features to encode, but that instructions to forget presented items are less effective in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Hennessee
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julia M Schorn
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan D Castel
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Knowlton
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Bantum EO, Yamada PM, Makolo T, Yu H, Pagano I, Subia N, Walsh C, Loo LWM. Hula as a physical activity and social support intervention for sustained activity in female breast and gynecologic cancer survivors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1190532. [PMID: 37941759 PMCID: PMC10629222 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity improves health and psychosocial functioning for people who have been diagnosed with cancer. Native Hawaiians face disparities for some cancers, including breast cancer. Delivering culturally grounded interventions has the potential to improve enjoyment and adherence to the intervention. We sought to test the adherence and impact of a 6 month randomized wait-list controlled trial of hula. Methods In this randomized wait-list controlled design people who had been diagnosed with breast or gynecologic cancers were invited to participate with other cancer survivors in a group based setting. Participants were randomized to begin hula immediately or after six months. Attendance was collected and heart-rate measured three times per session. In addition, demographic data, self-report psychosocial data, and biological data (findings will be reported elsewhere) were collected at three time points: baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The study included six months of hula, twice per week, 60 min each session. In addition, participants committed to practice 60 min per week at home. Results Participants in the study (n = 42) attended, on average, 72% of the sessions. Significant increase in moderate physical activity (d = 0.50, p = 0.03) was observed in the intervention versus control group. For the measures of intra-individual changes pre-and post-intervention, an increase in total physical activity were seen in the intervention group (d = 0.69, p = 0.003), daily caloric intake decreased (d = -0.62, p = 0.007), and a reduction in waist circumference (d = -0.89, p = 0.0002) that was sustained six months after completion of the intervention. Psychosocially, cognitive functioning significantly declined from baseline to 12 months (d = -0.50, p = 0.03), with role functioning improving (d = 0.55, p = 0.02), social constraints increasing (d = 0.49, p = 0.03), and financial difficulties improving (d = -0.55, p = 0.02). Conclusion Sustainable physical activity is crucial to improve both the survival and quality of life of cancer survivors. Culturally grounded interventions, such as hula have the potential to increase the maintenance of physical activity. In addition, they create a support group where the benefits of people who have all experienced cancer can gather and garner those benefits of social support, too. This study was registered as a clinical trial through the National Cancer Institute (NCT02351479). Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrails.gov, NCT02351479.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin O. Bantum
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific, Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Paulette M. Yamada
- Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, College of Education, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - TeMoana Makolo
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific, Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology, Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ian Pagano
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific, Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Natalie Subia
- Cancer Epidemiology, Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Cancer Epidemiology, Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Lenora W. M. Loo
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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4
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Maskarinec G, Brown SM, Lee J, Bogumil D, Walsh C, Haiman CA, Setiawan VW, Shvetsov YB, Marchand LL. Association of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Multiethnic Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1348-1355. [PMID: 37555836 PMCID: PMC10592150 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the role of the immune system in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) etiology, obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) may impact NHL development. We examined the association of body mass index (BMI) and T2D with NHL in the multiethnic cohort (MEC). METHODS The MEC recruited >215,000 participants in Hawaii and Los Angeles from five racial/ethnic groups; NHL cases were identified through cancer registry linkages. T2D status, and BMI at age 21 and cohort entry were derived from repeated self-reports; for T2D, Medicare claims were also applied. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for BMI and T2D as predictors of NHL were determined using Cox regression adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS Among 192,424 participants, 3,472 (1.8%) with NHL and 68,850 (36%) with T2D after 19.2 ± 6.6 years follow-up, no significant association between T2D and NHL (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96-1.13) was observed. Stratification by BMI at cohort entry showed a significant association of T2D with NHL among individuals with normal weight only (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.37). In a model with both BMI values plus T2D, only overweight (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.26) and obesity (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.99-1.59) at age 21 were associated with NHL incidence. Stratification by sex, race/ethnicity, and NHL subtype indicated no differences. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between T2D and NHL incidence in several subgroups but not in the total population and an elevated risk related to early-life BMI. IMPACT Excess body weight in early life, rather than T2D, may be a predictor of NHL incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jordyn Lee
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
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5
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Van de Sande M, Walsh C, Millar TJ. Disentangling physics and chemistry in AGB outflows: revealing degeneracies when adding complexity. Faraday Discuss 2023; 245:586-608. [PMID: 37309197 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Observations of the outflows of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars continue to reveal their chemical and dynamical complexity. Spherical asymmetries, such as spirals and disks, are prevalent and thought to be caused by binary interaction with a (sub)stellar companion. Furthermore, high density outflows show evidence of dust-gas interactions. The classical chemical model of these outflows - a gas-phase only, spherically symmetric chemical kinetics model - is hence not appropriate for the majority of observed outflows. We have included several physical and chemical advancements step-by-step: a porous density distribution, dust-gas chemistry, and internal UV photons originating from a close-by stellar companion. Now, we combine these layers of complexity into the most chemically and physically advanced chemical kinetics model of AGB outflows to date. By varying over all model parameters, we obtain a holistic view of the outflow's composition and how it (inter)depends on the different complexities. A stellar companion has the largest influence, especially when combined with a porous outflow. We compile sets of gas-phase molecules that trace the importance of dust-gas chemistry and allow us to infer the presence of a companion and porosity of the outflow. This shows that our new chemical model can be used to infer physical and chemical properties of specific outflows, as long as a suitable range of molecules is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Van de Sande
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Catherine Walsh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Tom J Millar
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
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6
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Douglas KM, Li LHD, Walsh C, Lehman JH, Blitz MA, Heard DE. Experimental, theoretical, and astrochemical modelling investigation of the gas-phase reaction between the amidogen radical (NH 2) and acetaldehyde (CH 3CHO) at low temperatures. Faraday Discuss 2023; 245:261-283. [PMID: 37340790 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The first experimental study of the low-temperature kinetics of the gas-phase reaction of NH2 with acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) has been performed. Experiments were carried out using laser-flash photolysis and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy to create and monitor the temporal decay of NH2 in the presence of CH3CHO. Low temperatures relevant to the interstellar medium were achieved using a pulsed Laval nozzle expansion. Rate coefficients were measured over the temperature and pressure range of 29-107 K and 1.4-28.2 × 1016 molecules per cm3, with the reaction exhibiting a negative temperature dependence and a positive pressure dependence. The yield of CH3CO from the reaction has also been determined at 67.1 and 35.0 K, by observing OH produced from the reaction of CH3CO with added O2. Ab initio calculations of the potential energy surface (PES) were combined with Rice-Rampsberger-Kessel-Marcus (RRKM) calculations to predict rate coefficients and branching ratios over a broad range of temperatures and pressures. The calculated rate coefficients were shown to be sensitive to the calculated density of states of the stationary points, which in turn are sensitive to the inclusion of hindered rotor potentials for several of the vibrational frequencies. The experimentally determined rate coefficients and yields have been used to fit the calculated PES, from which low-pressure limiting rate coefficients relevant to the ISM were determined. These have been included in a single-point dark cloud astrochemical model, in which the reaction is shown to be a potential source of gas-phase CH3CO radicals under dark cloud conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Douglas
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | | | - Catherine Walsh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Julia H Lehman
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark A Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dwayne E Heard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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7
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Douglas KM, Lucas D, Walsh C, Blitz MA, Heard DE. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction of NH 2 with NO at Very Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7205-7215. [PMID: 37589656 PMCID: PMC10476206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The first experimental study of the low-temperature kinetics of the gas-phase reaction between NH2 and NO has been performed. A pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence technique was used to create and monitor the temporal decay of NH2 in the presence of NO. Measurements were carried out over the temperature range of 24-106 K, with the low temperatures achieved using a pulsed Laval nozzle expansion. The negative temperature dependence of the reaction rate coefficient observed at higher temperatures in the literature continues at these lower temperatures, with the rate coefficient reaching 3.5 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at T = 26 K. Ab initio calculations of the potential energy surface were combined with rate theory calculations using the MESMER software package in order to calculate and predict rate coefficients and branching ratios over a wide range of temperatures, which are largely consistent with experimentally determined literature values. These theoretical calculations indicate that at the low temperatures investigated for this reaction, only one product channel producing N2 + H2O is important. The rate coefficients determined in this study were used in a gas-phase astrochemical model. Models were run over a range of physical conditions appropriate for cold to warm molecular clouds (10 to 30 K; 104 to 106 cm-3), resulting in only minor changes (<1%) to the abundances of NH2 and NO at steady state. Hence, despite the observed increase in the rate at low temperatures, this mechanism is not a dominant loss mechanism for either NH2 or NO under dark cloud conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Lucas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Catherine Walsh
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Mark A. Blitz
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- National
Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Dwayne E. Heard
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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8
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Srivastava S, Bertone MP, Parmar D, Walsh C, De Allegri M. The genesis of the PM-JAY health insurance scheme in India: technical and political elements influencing a national reform towards universal health coverage. Health Policy Plan 2023:czad045. [PMID: 37436821 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many countries are using health insurance to advance progress towards universal health coverage (UHC). India launched the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) health insurance scheme in 2018. We examine the political economy context around PM-JAY policy formulation, by examining the perspectives of policy stakeholders shaping decisions around the reform. More specifically, we focus on early policy design at the central (national) level. We use a framework on the politics of UHC reform proposed by Fox and Reich (The politics of universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries: A framework for evaluation and action. J. Health Polit. Policy Law 2015;40:1023-1060), to categorize the reform into phases and examine the interactions between actors, institutions, interests, ideas and ideology which shaped reform decisions. We interviewed 15 respondents in Delhi between February and April 2019, who were either closely associated with the reform process or subject experts. The ruling centre-right government introduced PM-JAY shortly before national elections, drawing upon policy legacies from prior and state insurance schemes. Empowered policy entrepreneurs within the government focused discourse around ideas of UHC and strategic purchasing, and engaged in institution building leading to the creation of the National Health Authority and State Health Agencies through policy directives, thereby expanding state infrastructural and institutional power for insurance implementation. Indian state inputs were incorporated in scheme design features like mode of implementation, benefit package and provider network, while features like the coverage amount, portability of benefits and branding strategy were more centrally driven. These balanced negotiations opened up political space for a cohesive, central narrative of the reform and facilitated adoption. Our analysis shows that the PM-JAY reform focused on bureaucratic rather than ideological elements and that technical compromises and adjustments accommodating the interests of states enabled the political success of policy formulation. Appreciating these politics, power and structural issues shaping PM-JAY institutional design will be important to understand how PM-JAY is implemented and how it advances UHC in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srivastava
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany
| | - M P Bertone
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH21 6UU, UK
| | - D Parmar
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - C Walsh
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany
| | - M De Allegri
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg 69120, Germany
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9
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Hirt H, Al-Babili S, Almeida-Trapp M, Martin A, Aranda M, Bartels D, Bennett M, Blilou I, Boer D, Boulouis A, Bowler C, Brunel-Muguet S, Chardon F, Colcombet J, Colot V, Daszkowska-Golec A, Dinneny JR, Field B, Froehlich K, Gardener CH, Gojon A, Gomès E, Gomez-Alvarez EM, Gutierrez C, Havaux M, Hayes S, Heard E, Hodges M, Alghamdi AK, Laplaze L, Lauersen KJ, Leonhardt N, Johnson X, Jones J, Kollist H, Kopriva S, Krapp A, Masson MLP, McCabe MF, Merendino L, Molina A, Moreno Ramirez JL, Mueller-Roeber B, Nicolas M, Nir I, Orduna IO, Pardo JM, Reichheld JP, Rodriguez PL, Rouached H, Saad MM, Schlögelhofer P, Singh KA, De Smet I, Stanschewski C, Stra A, Tester M, Walsh C, Weber APM, Weigel D, Wigge P, Wrzaczek M, Wulff BBH, Young IM. PlantACT! - how to tackle the climate crisis. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:537-543. [PMID: 36740490 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have created a global climate crisis which requires immediate interventions to mitigate the negative effects on all aspects of life on this planet. As current agriculture and land use contributes up to 25% of total GHG emissions, plant scientists take center stage in finding possible solutions for a transition to sustainable agriculture and land use. In this article, the PlantACT! (Plants for climate ACTion!) initiative of plant scientists lays out a road map of how and in which areas plant scientists can contribute to finding immediate, mid-term, and long-term solutions, and what changes are necessary to implement these solutions at the personal, institutional, and funding levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Core labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antoine Martin
- IPSiM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Manuel Aranda
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- University of Bonn, Molecular Physiology, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damian Boer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alix Boulouis
- UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Brunel-Muguet
- INRAE, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, SFR Normandie Végétal (FED 4277), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Fabien Chardon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Colot
- Institute of Biology of the Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jose R Dinneny
- Stanford University, Department of Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ben Field
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Katja Froehlich
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine H Gardener
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alain Gojon
- IPSiM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Gomès
- EGFV, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Crisanto Gutierrez
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel Havaux
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS UMR7265, BIAM, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Heard
- EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hodges
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Amal Khalaf Alghamdi
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Kyle J Lauersen
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Photosynthesis and Environment Team (P&E), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR 7265 CNRS-CEA-Université Aix-Marseille II, CEA Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 St Paul lez Durance, France
| | | | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Krapp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Mauricio Lopez-Portillo Masson
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew F McCabe
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Livia Merendino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Jose L Moreno Ramirez
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michael Nicolas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Plants Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido Nir
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Volcani Institute, HaMaccabbim Road, 68, Rishon LeZion, Israel; Stanford University, Department of Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Izamar Olivas Orduna
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla-41092, Spain
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Genome et Developpement des Plantes, Universite ́ Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Univ, Politécnica Avd de los Naranjos, Edificio CPI, 8 ES-46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maged M Saad
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kirti A Singh
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara Stanschewski
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alice Stra
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tester
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philip Wigge
- University Potsdam, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Molecular Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Biocenter 3, PO Box 65, FIN-00014, Helsinki University, Finland
| | - Brande B H Wulff
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain M Young
- Center for Desert Agriculture (CDA), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Shmulewitz D, Stohl M, Greenstein E, Roncone S, Walsh C, Aharonovich E, Wall MM, Hasin DS. Validity of the DSM-5 craving criterion for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and non-prescription use of prescription painkillers (opioids). Psychol Med 2023; 53:1955-1969. [PMID: 35506791 PMCID: PMC9096712 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the DSM-5 was adopted in 2013, the validity of the new substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis and craving criterion has not been investigated systematically across substances. METHODS Adults (N = 588) who engaged in binge drinking or illicit drug use and endorsed at least one DSM-5 SUD criterion were included. DSM-5 SUD criteria were assessed for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and opioids. Craving was considered positive if "wanted to use so badly that could not think of anything else" (severe craving) or "felt a very strong desire or urge to use" (moderate craving) was endorsed. Baseline information on substance-related variables and psychopathology was collected, and electronic daily assessment queried substance use for the following 90 days. For each substance, logistic regression estimated the association between craving and validators, i.e. variables expected to be related to craving/SUD, and whether association with the validators differed for DSM-5 SUD diagnosed with craving as a criterion v. without. RESULTS Across substances, craving was associated with most baseline validators (p values<0.05); neither moderate nor severe craving consistently showed greater associations. Baseline craving predicted subsequent use [odds ratios (OR): 4.2 (alcohol) - 234.3 (heroin); p's ⩽ 0.0001], with stronger associations for moderate than severe craving (p's < 0.05). Baseline DSM-5 SUD showed stronger associations with subsequent use when diagnosed with craving than without (p's < 0.05). CONCLUSION The DSM-5 craving criterion as operationalized in this study is valid. Including craving improves the validity of DSM-5 SUD diagnoses, and clinical relevance, since craving may cause impaired control over use and development and maintenance of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - M Stohl
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E Greenstein
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - S Roncone
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - C Walsh
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E Aharonovich
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - MM Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - DS Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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11
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Zhao AY, Gimpaya N, Lisondra J, Fujiyoshi R, Fujiyoshi Y, Khan R, Tham D, Scaffidi MA, Bansal R, Walsh C, Grover SC. A119 DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF LOW-COST GEL POLYPS FOR POLYPECTOMY SKILLS TRAINING IN NOVICE ENDOSCOPISTS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991154 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polypectomy is an essential skill for endoscopists to acquire. As polyps are encountered ad hoc during colonoscopies, exposure to polypectomy in clinical training may vary. There is a need to deliver a curriculum that standardizes exposure to polypectomy while remaining cost-effective for endoscopy programs worldwide. Purpose To develop low-cost simulated polyps that can be incorporated into endoscopic training programs, and to evaluate their perceived realism and useability for polypectomy training. Method We designed 3D molds based on the Paris classification, a validated rubric for polyp morphology. The polyps are depicted in Figure 1. Using low-cost materials, we created gel-based polyps compatible with physical colonic simulators. Current versions of the polyps were finalized based on visual realism and durability. Expert (performed >1000 procedures) and novice (<25 procedures) endoscopists were invited to perform simulated polypectomies and evaluate the realism of the polyps. Using a 7-point Likert scale (“strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”), we administered a survey adapted from the Direct Observed Polypectomy Skills (DOPyS) checklist to evaluate the polyps on practicality of design and useability for training. Additionally, the simulator’s resemblance to human polypectomy was assessed through a scale with 1 indicating “low resemblance” and 7 indicating “high resemblance”. The ease of identifying morphology was also evaluated, with 1 indicating “difficult” and 7 indicating “easy”. Result(s) The survey was completed by 11 expert endoscopists and 10 novices. The median score submitted by experts on the polyps’ useability in training the technique for mobilization of the polyp was 7 (IQR 6-7). Experts rated the simulator’s practicality in teaching cold snare or electrocautery techniques with a median score of 6 (IQR 6-7). Lastly, the ability of the simulator to develop skills in identifying and treating the residual polyp was assessed by expert endoscopists, giving it a median score of 6 (IQR 6-7). The simulators were tested on similarity to human polypectomy, with the median score of expert groups being 5 (IQR 5-6), and novice groups being 6 (IQR 6-6). Both groups were asked to rate if morphology could be identified using the simulator; the median score of expert groups being 6 (IQR 6-7), and 6.5 for novice endoscopists (IQR 5-7). Image ![]()
Conclusion(s) The development of simulated polyps with differing morphologies using low-cost and common materials with high realism is feasible. These polyps may potentially be integrated into different endoscopic training programs. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest A. Zhao: None Declared, N. Gimpaya: None Declared, J. Lisondra: None Declared, R. Fujiyoshi: None Declared, Y. Fujiyoshi: None Declared, R. Khan Grant / Research support from: Rishad Khan has received research grants from AbbVie (2018) and Ferring Pharmaceuticals (2019) and research funding from Pendopharm (2019). , D. Tham: None Declared, M. Scaffidi: None Declared, R. Bansal: None Declared, C. Walsh: None Declared, S. Grover Shareholder of: Samir C. Grover has equity in Volo Healthcare., Grant / Research support from: Samir C. Grover has received research grants and personal fees from AbbVie and Ferring Pharmaceuticals, personal fees from Takeda, education grants from Janssen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - N Gimpaya
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - J Lisondra
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - R Fujiyoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - Y Fujiyoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - R Khan
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - D Tham
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - M A Scaffidi
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - R Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital
| | - C Walsh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the Research and Learning Institutes, The Hospital for Sick Children,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto Faculty of medicine,The Wilson Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S C Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael's Hospital,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto
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12
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Khan R, Homsi H, Gimpaya N, Sabrie N, Gholami R, Bansal R, Scaffidi M, Lightfoot D, James P, Siau K, Forbes N, Wani S, Keswani R, Walsh C, Grover S. A117 VALIDITY EVIDENCE FOR ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT TOOLS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991253 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of competence in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is essential to ensure trainees possess the skills needed for independent practice. Traditionally, ERCP training has used the apprenticeship model, whereby novices learn skills under the supervision of an expert. A growing focus on procedural quality, however, has supported the implementation of competency-based medical education models which require documentation of a trainee’s competence for independent practice. Observational assessment tools with strong evidence of validity are critical to this process. Validity evidence supporting ERCP observational assessment tools has not been systematically evaluated. Purpose To conduct a systematic review of ERCP assessment tools and identify tools with strong evidence of validity using a unified validity evidence framework Method We conducted a systematic search using electronic databases and hand-searching from inception until August 2021 for studies evaluating observational assessment tools of ERCP performance. We used a unified validity framework to characterize validity evidence from five sources: content, response process, internal structure, relations to other variables, and consequences. Each domain was assigned a score of 0-3 (maximum score 15). We assessed educational utility and methodological quality using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education framework and the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument, respectively. Result(s) From 2769 records, we included 17 studies evaluating 7 assessment tools. Five tools were studied for clinical ERCP, one on simulated ERCP, and one on simulated and clinical ERCP. Validity evidence scores ranged from 2-12. The Bethesda ERCP Skills Assessment Tool (BESAT), ERCP Direct Observation of Procedural Skills Tool (ERCP DOPS), and The Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and ERCP Skills Assessment Tool (TEESAT) had the strongest validity evidence with scores of 10, 12, and 11, respectively. Regarding educational utility, most tools were easy to use and interpret, and required minimal additional resources. Overall methodological quality was strong, with scores ranging from 10-12.5 (maximum 13.5). Conclusion(s) The BESAT, ERCP DOPS, and TEESAT have strong validity evidence compared to other assessments. Integrating tools into training may help drive learners’ development and support competency decision-making. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CAG Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khan
- Western University, London
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P James
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Siau
- University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Forbes
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - S Wani
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - R Keswani
- Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - C Walsh
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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13
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McCartney DM, O'Shea PM, Healy M, Walsh JB, Griffin TP, Walsh C, Byrne DG, Kenny RA, Faul JL. The Causal Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Worse Covid-19 Outcomes: Implications for Policy and Practice Development. Ir Med J 2023; 116:733. [PMID: 37555788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
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Curtis F, Li L, Kolanko M, Lai H, Daniels S, True J, Del Giovane M, Golemme M, Lyall R, Raza S, Hassim N, Patel A, Beal E, Walsh C, Purnell M, Whitethread N, Nilforooshan R, Norman C, Wingfield D, Barnaghi P, Sharp D, Dani M, Fertleman M, Parkinson M. 1362 ANTICHOLINERGIC PRESCRIBING HABITS AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS IN A COMMUNITY POPULATION OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH DEMENTIA. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Many commonly prescribed medications have inadvertent anticholinergic effects. People with Dementia (PwD) are more vulnerable to these effects and at risk of adverse outcomes, the risk being higher with a greater degree of anticholinergic exposure. We investigated prescribing patterns and Anticholinergic burden (ACB) in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults with dementia and aimed to explore the effect of ACB on cognition, mood, and quality of life(QoL).
Method
The medication and demographic information for 87 (39 female) community-dwelling PwD were obtained from Electronic Care Summaries. We used the German Anticholinergic Burden Scale (GABS) to measure ACB. Additionally, we investigated associations between ACB and cognitive (ADAS-Cog), functional (BADL) and QoL (DemQoL) assessments.
Results
28.7% of participants had a clinically significant score (ACB> 2). The most commonly prescribed medications with ACB were Lansoprazole(18.3%), Mirtazapine(12.6%) and Codeine(12.6%). ACB was higher in males and negatively correlated with age, r(87)=-.21,p=.03. There was no association between ACB and cognition, QoL, functional independence, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Over six months, PLWD with no ACB had a greater negative change in neuropsychiatric symptoms[t(18)=2.27,p=.04] and functional independence[t(23)=-3.8,p=.001], indicating greater dependence and worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Conclusion
A third of PLWD in the community had clinically significant ACB. No ACB was associated with worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional dependence over a six-month period. Community prescribers should consider regular medication reviews with PLWD and carers to ensure medications are prescribed safely and appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Curtis
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - L Li
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - M Kolanko
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - H Lai
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - S Daniels
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - J True
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - M Del Giovane
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - M Golemme
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - R Lyall
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - S Raza
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - N Hassim
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - A Patel
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - E Beal
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - C Walsh
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - M Purnell
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - N Whitethread
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | | | - C Norman
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - D Wingfield
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - P Barnaghi
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - D Sharp
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - M Dani
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - M Fertleman
- Imperial College London , Department of Brain Sciences
| | - M Parkinson
- UK DRI Centre for Care Research and Technology
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15
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Levendowski D, Walsh C, Boeve B, Lee-Iannotti J, Salat D, Hamilton J, Tsuang D, Shprecher D, Westbrook P, Berka C, Ruoff L, Timm P, Mazeika G, Neylan T, St. Louis E. Non-REM sleep Hypertonia in Parkinsonian-Spectrum Disorders. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Levendowski D, Boeve B, Walsh C, Tsuang D, Salat D, Hamilton J, Lee-Iannotti J, Shprecher D, Berka C, Westbrook P, Ruoff L, Timm P, Mazeika G, Neylan T, St. Louis E. Characterization of Neurodegenerative Disorder Subtypes Based on Non-REM Hypertonia and Sleep Spindle Duration. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Power JM, Hannigan C, Scharf T, Moynihan S, Walsh C, Johnson N, Lawlor B, Holton E, Kee F. 221 BEFRIENDING SERVICES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LESS DECLINE IN HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE, BUT NOT COGNITIVE FUNCTION, OVER TIME. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Befriending services are commonly deployed in the support of older people living alone, but lack an established evidence base, particularly in relation to their association with health outcomes.
Methods
To explore the potentially therapeutic impact of befriending on Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HR-QoL) and cognitive function, we used a single case experimental design. Data were collected from 85 new users of ALONE’s befriending service between 2019 and 2021 in an AB multiple baseline design. Generalised additive modelling was then used to assess trajectories of HR-QoL and cognitive function (semantic fluency) over the course of six months, and its association with the onset of the befriending service intervention
Results
The befriending service was associated with less decline over time in HR-QoL, and with a mitigated impact of loneliness on HR-QoL too. No such effects were observed for cognitive function as an outcome, which did not change over time.
Conclusion
Befriending may exert a positive effect on health-related quality of life, and reduce the negative impact that loneliness has on this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Power
- Maynooth University , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - C Hannigan
- National College of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Scharf
- Newcastle University , Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Walsh
- University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - B Lawlor
- Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Holton
- Maynooth University , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - F Kee
- Queen's University Belfast , Belfast, United Kingdom
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18
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O'Connor U, Walsh C, Gorman D, O'Reilly G, Martin Z, Madhavan P, Murphy RT, Szirt R, Almén A, Andersson M, Camp A, Garcia V, Duch MA, Ginjaume M, Abdelrahman M, Lombardo P, Vanhavere F. Feasibility study of computational occupational dosimetry: evaluating a proof-of-concept in an endovascular and interventional cardiology setting. J Radiol Prot 2022; 42:041501. [PMID: 36130583 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual monitoring of radiation workers is essential to ensure compliance with legal dose limits and to ensure that doses are As Low As Reasonably Achievable. However, large uncertainties still exist in personal dosimetry and there are issues with compliance and incorrect wearing of dosimeters. The objective of the PODIUM (Personal Online Dosimetry Using Computational Methods) project was to improve personal dosimetry by an innovative approach: the development of an online dosimetry application based on computer simulations without the use of physical dosimeters. Occupational doses were calculated based on the use of camera tracking devices, flexible individualised phantoms and data from the radiation source. When combined with fast Monte Carlo simulation codes, the aim was to perform personal dosimetry in real-time. A key component of the PODIUM project was to assess and validate the methodology in interventional radiology workplaces where improvements in dosimetry are needed. This paper describes the feasibility of implementing the PODIUM approach in a clinical setting. Validation was carried out using dosimeters worn by Vascular Surgeons and Interventional Cardiologists during patient procedures at a hospital in Ireland. Our preliminary results from this feasibility study show acceptable differences of the order of 40% between calculated and measured staff doses, in terms of the personal dose equivalent quantity Hp(10), however there is a greater deviation for more complex cases and improvements are needed. The challenges of using the system in busy interventional rooms have informed the future needs and applicability of PODIUM. The availability of an online personal dosimetry application has the potential to overcome problems that arise from the use of current dosimeters. In addition, it should increase awareness of radiation protection among staff. Some limitations remain and a second phase of development would be required to bring the PODIUM method into operation in a hospital setting. However, an early prototype system has been tested in a clinical setting and the results from this two-year proof-of-concept PODIUM project are very promising for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- U O'Connor
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Walsh
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Gorman
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G O'Reilly
- Medical Physics and Bioengineering Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Z Martin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Madhavan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R T Murphy
- Department of Cardiology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Szirt
- Department of Cardiology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Almén
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Andersson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Camp
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Garcia
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Duch
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ginjaume
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Abdelrahman
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium
| | - P Lombardo
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium
| | - F Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium
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Eakins J, Hager L, O'Connor U, Cooke J, O'Reilly G, Walsh C, Willson T. Personal dosimetry for positron emitters, and occupational exposures from clinical use of gallium-68. J Radiol Prot 2022; 42:031511. [PMID: 35947972 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac8885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current status and issues regarding positron dosimetry in nuclear medicine are summarized. The suitability of the United Kingdom Health Security Agency extremity and eye beta-gamma personal thermoluminescence dosemeters are then considered. Monte Carlo modelling is performed to determine their responses and derive sets of calibration factors, along withHp(0.07) andHp(3) conversion coefficients, for carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15, fluorine-18 and gallium-68 sources, which are commonly used in positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography; data for these isotopes is assumed extrapolatable to other positron sources. It is found that the dosemeters are adequate for assessing exposures to PET radionuclides, even if their routine calibrations to caesium-137 were maintained. An idealized set of measurements representing gallium-68 exposure scenarios is then described, including reproducible mock-ups of individuals manipulating vials and syringes. Finally, a short case-study is presented that explores occupational doses during routine clinical use of gallium-68. The extremity dosemeter results demonstrated significant variations dependent upon the exposure conditions, with some seen to be comparatively large; whole-body and eye dose rates per activity were found to be lower. The importance of routine dose monitoring of workers is emphasized, with the need for a longer-termed follow-up study demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eakins
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA) RCE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - L Hager
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA) RCE, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - U O'Connor
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Cooke
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G O'Reilly
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Walsh
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Willson
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Tierney A, Curran M, Collins L, Kennedy L, McDonnell C, Jurascheck A, Sheikhi A, Walsh C, Button B, Casserly B, Cahalan R. P231 Steps Ahead: optimising physical activity in adults with cystic fibrosis - a pilot randomised trial using wearable technology, goal setting and text message feedback. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Sloot L, Bae J, Baker L, O'Donnell K, Menard N, Porciuncula F, Choe D, Ellis T, Awad L, Walsh C. O 089 - A soft robotic exosuit assisting the paretic ankle in patients post-stroke: Effect on muscle activation during overground walking. Gait Posture 2022; 95:217-218. [PMID: 29983296 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.06.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compared overground walking with and without exosuit assistance in post-stroke patients. Exosuit-assisted walking was found to improve paretic propulsion and ground clearance during swing, two common gait deviations in stroke patients. No changes in leg muscle activity was found, motivating further study of the exosuit as a tool for gait training during stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sloot
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA.
| | - J Bae
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA
| | - L Baker
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA
| | - K O'Donnell
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA
| | - N Menard
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA
| | - F Porciuncula
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA
| | - D Choe
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, USA
| | - T Ellis
- Boston University, Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Boston, USA
| | - L Awad
- Boston University, Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Boston, USA
| | - C Walsh
- Boston University, Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Boston, USA
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22
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Moody JD, Pollock BB, Sio H, Strozzi DJ, Ho DDM, Walsh C, Kemp GE, Kucheyev SO, Kozioziemski B, Carroll EG, Kroll J, Yanagisawa DK, Angus J, Bhandarkar SD, Bude JD, Divol L, Ferguson B, Fry J, Hagler L, Hartouni E, Herrmann MC, Hsing W, Holunga DM, Javedani J, Johnson A, Kalantar D, Kohut T, Logan BG, Masters N, Nikroo A, Orsi N, Piston K, Provencher C, Rowe A, Sater J, Skulina K, Stygar WA, Tang V, Winters SE, Chittenden JP, Appelbe B, Boxall A, Crilly A, O’Neill S, Davies J, Peebles J, Fujioka S. The Magnetized Indirect Drive Project on the National Ignition Facility. J Fusion Energ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-022-00319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Cooke GJ, Marsh DR, Walsh C, Black B, Lamarque JF. A revised lower estimate of ozone columns during Earth's oxygenated history. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:211165. [PMID: 35070343 PMCID: PMC8728182 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The history of molecular oxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere is still debated; however, geological evidence supports at least two major episodes where O2 increased by an order of magnitude or more: the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) and the Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event. O2 concentrations have likely fluctuated (between 10-3 and 1.5 times the present atmospheric level) since the GOE ∼2.4 Gyr ago, resulting in a time-varying ozone (O3) layer. Using a three-dimensional chemistry-climate model, we simulate changes in O3 in Earth's atmosphere since the GOE and consider the implications for surface habitability, and glaciation during the Mesoproterozoic. We find lower O3 columns (reduced by up to 4.68 times for a given O2 level) compared to previous work; hence, higher fluxes of biologically harmful UV radiation would have reached the surface. Reduced O3 leads to enhanced tropospheric production of the hydroxyl radical (OH) which then substantially reduces the lifetime of methane (CH4). We show that a CH4 supported greenhouse effect during the Mesoproterozoic is highly unlikely. The reduced O3 columns we simulate have important implications for astrobiological and terrestrial habitability, demonstrating the relevance of three-dimensional chemistry-climate simulations when assessing paleoclimates and the habitability of faraway worlds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Cooke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - D. R. Marsh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - C. Walsh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B. Black
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, CUNY City College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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24
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Robb L, Joubert G, Jordaan M, van den Berg L, Osei Ngounda J, Walsh C. Diet quality and associations with choline intake in pregnant women in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Ngounda J, Baumgartner J, Nel M, Walsh C. Iodine status of pregnant women residing in urban and rural areas of the free state province, south africa. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Shiel E, Costello M, McCarthy C, Murphy R, McDermott C, Geoghegan J, Mannion E, Conry M, Flanagan L, Moroney E, Bhaoill CU, Walsh C, Coffey K, Waters R, Robinson S, O'Donnell M, Canavan M. 112 INTEGRATED CARE PROGRAMME FOR OLDER PEOPLE (ICPOP) IN A RURAL SETTING—ROLE OF ADVANCED NURSE PRACTITIONER (ANP). Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sláintecare advocates for right care, in the right place at the right time. ANPs for Older Persons in the community are uniquely placed to deliver care as close as possible to the older person’s home and to lead a holistic, flexible model of care minimising admission to acute care and maximising existing local resources. A pilot programme aimed at providing ANP led comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) (with Geriatrician support) to older people in a defined area commenced in June 2019. This pilot was part of a larger Hub and Spoke model funded by Sláintecare which gave additional MDT support.
Methods
A referral template was designed. Criteria for referral included; age > 75 years, Rockwood Frailty Scale 4–6 (focusing on Falls, Cognitive Impairment and Complex Frailty). Older people on the cusp of requiring long term care (LTC) were also prioritised. A prospective database of patients was maintained by the ANP to evaluate the service.
Results
From June 2019 to August 2021, 156 patients received an ANP led CGA, mostly conducted in the home. 247 reviews were conducted at the local spoke clinic and 46 joint ANP/Geriatrician home visits. Majority of referrals were from GP (n = 69), hospital (n = 30), LTC reviews (n = 22) and Community Nursing Units (CNUs) (n = 19). 449 outpatient appointments have been removed from the tertiary referral centre. Independent case load management from the ANP includes further appointments, telephone follow up/advice and she is a point of contact where crises arise before referral to acute services. 99% of patients surveyed reported satisfaction with the service especially the ease of local access and home visits.
Conclusion
Older Persons’ ANP can provide longitudinal care pathways for older adults in the community in conjunction with ICPOP and local CNUs, intervening before crises emerge and providing continuity of care and an alternative to acute care.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shiel
- University Hospital Galway\St. Brendan's CNU , Galway, Ireland
| | - M Costello
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - C McCarthy
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - R Murphy
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - C McDermott
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - J Geoghegan
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - E Mannion
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - M Conry
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - L Flanagan
- Community Healthcare West , Galway, Ireland
| | - E Moroney
- Community Healthcare West , Galway, Ireland
| | | | - C Walsh
- Community Healthcare West , Galway, Ireland
| | - K Coffey
- Community Healthcare West , Galway, Ireland
| | - R Waters
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - S Robinson
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - M O'Donnell
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - M Canavan
- University Hospital Galway , Galway, Ireland
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27
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Rosen A, Chan W, Matelski J, Walsh C, Murji A. Medical Treatment of Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Walsh C, Duggan N, Selame L, Fischetti C, Eyre A, Goldsmith A. 217 Establishing an Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia Training Curriculum for Emergency Physicians. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Reimann GE, Walsh C, Csumitta KD, McClure P, Pereira F, Martin A, Ramot M. Gauging facial feature viewing preference as a stable individual trait in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2021; 14:1670-1683. [PMID: 34008916 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Eye tracking provides insights into social processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially in conjunction with dynamic, naturalistic free-viewing stimuli. However, the question remains whether gaze characteristics, such as preference for specific facial features, can be considered a stable individual trait, particularly in those with ASD. If so, how much data are needed for consistent estimations? To address these questions, we assessed the stability and robustness of gaze preference for facial features as incremental amounts of movie data were introduced for analysis. We trained an artificial neural network to create an object-based segmentation of naturalistic movie clips (14 s each, 7410 frames total). Thirty-three high-functioning individuals with ASD and 36 age- and IQ-equated typically developing individuals (age range: 12-30 years) viewed 22 Hollywood movie clips, each depicting a social interaction. As we evaluated combinations of one, three, five, eight, and 11 movie clips, gaze dwell times on core facial features became increasingly stable at within-subject, within-group, and between-group levels. Using a number of movie clips deemed sufficient by our analysis, we found that individuals with ASD displayed significantly less face-centered gaze (centralized on the nose; p < 0.001) but did not significantly differ from typically developing participants in eye or mouth looking times. Our findings validate gaze preference for specific facial features as a stable individual trait and highlight the possibility of misinterpretation with insufficient data. Additionally, we propose the use of a machine learning approach to stimuli segmentation to quickly and flexibly prepare dynamic stimuli for analysis. LAY SUMMARY: Using a data-driven approach to segmenting movie stimuli, we examined varying amounts of data to assess the stability of social gaze in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found a reduction in social fixations in participants with ASD, driven by decreased attention to the center of the face. Our findings further support the validity of gaze preference for face features as a stable individual trait when sufficient data are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle E Reimann
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelsey D Csumitta
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick McClure
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francisco Pereira
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michal Ramot
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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30
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Wellbelove Z, Walsh C, Barlow GD, Lillie PJ. Comparing scoring systems for prediction of mortality in patients with bloodstream infection. QJM 2021; 114:105-110. [PMID: 33151308 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood stream infections (BSIs) are associated with significant short-term mortality. There are many different scoring systems for assessing the severity of BSI. AIM We studied confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, age 65(CURB65), Confusion Respiratory Rate, Blood pressure, age 65(CRB65), quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and assessed how effective they were at predicting 30-day mortality across three separate BSI cohorts. DESIGN A retrospective analysis was performed on three established BSI cohorts: (i) All cause BSI, (ii) Escherichia coli and (iii) Streptococcus pneumoniae. METHODS The performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under receiver operating curve [AUROC]) for the prediction of 30-day mortality were calculated for the 5 scores using clinically relevant cut-offs. RESULTS 528 patients were included: All cause BSI-148, E. coli-191 and S. pneumoniae-189. Overall, 30-day mortality was 22%. In predicting mortality, the AUROC for CURB65 and CRB65 were superior compared with qSOFA, SIRS and NEWS in the all cause BSI (0.72, 0.70, 0.66, 0.51 and 0.53) and E. coli cohorts (0.81, 0.76, 0.73, 0.55 and 0.71). In the pneumococcal cohort, CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA and NEWS were broadly equal (0.63, 0.65, 0.66 and 0.62), but all were superior to SIRS (0.57). CURB65, CRB65 and qSOFA had considerably higher accuracy than SIRS or NEWS across all cohorts. CONCLUSION CURB65 was superior to other scores in predicting 30-day mortality in the E. coli and all cause BSI cohorts. Further research is required to assess the potential of broadening the application of CURB65 beyond pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wellbelove
- From the Department of Infection, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Hull, UK
| | - C Walsh
- From the Department of Infection, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Hull, UK
| | - G D Barlow
- From the Department of Infection, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Hull, UK
| | - P J Lillie
- From the Department of Infection, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Hull, UK
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31
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Walsh C, Tafforeau P, Wagner WL, Jafree DJ, Bellier A, Werlein C, Kühnel MP, Boller E, Walker-Samuel S, Robertus JL, Long DA, Jacob J, Marussi S, Brown E, Holroyd N, Jonigk DD, Ackermann M, Lee PD. Multiscale three-dimensional imaging of intact human organs down to the cellular scale using hierarchical phase-contrast tomography. bioRxiv 2021:2021.02.03.429481. [PMID: 33564772 PMCID: PMC7872374 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.03.429481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human organs are complex, three-dimensional and multiscale systems. Spatially mapping the human body down through its hierarchy, from entire organs to their individual functional units and specialised cells, is a major obstacle to fully understanding health and disease. To meet this challenge, we developed hierarchical phase-contrast tomography (HiP-CT), an X-ray phase propagation technique utilising the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility's Extremely Brilliant Source: the world's first high-energy 4 th generation X-ray source. HiP-CT enabled three-dimensional and non-destructive imaging at near-micron resolution in soft tissues at one hundred thousand times the voxel size whilst maintaining the organ's structure. We applied HiP-CT to image five intact human parenchymal organs: brain, lung, heart, kidney and spleen. These were hierarchically assessed with HiP-CT, providing a structural overview of the whole organ alongside detail of the organ's individual functional units and cells. The potential applications of HiP-CT were demonstrated through quantification and morphometry of glomeruli in an intact human kidney, and identification of regional changes to the architecture of the air-tissue interface and alveolar morphology in the lung of a deceased COVID-19 patient. Overall, we show that HiP-CT is a powerful tool which can provide a comprehensive picture of structural information for whole intact human organs, encompassing precise details on functional units and their constituent cells to better understand human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Walsh
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, U.K
| | - P Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Willi L Wagner
- Dept of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC), German Lung Research Centre (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D J Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
- UCL MB/PhD Programme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - A Bellier
- French Alps Laboratory of Anatomy (LADAF), Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - C Werlein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover)
| | - M P Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover)
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH)
| | - E Boller
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - S Walker-Samuel
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, U.K
| | - J L Robertus
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - J Jacob
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Marussi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London, U.K
| | - E Brown
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, U.K
| | - N Holroyd
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, U.K
| | - D D Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover)
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH)
| | - M Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz
| | - P D Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London, U.K
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32
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Crook RL, Williams H, Green M, Brown S, Morris R, Fletcher H, Walters S, Walsh C, Price A, King S, McAloon CJ. Prospective multicentre cohort study of transthoracic echocardiography provision in the South West of the UK during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Open Heart 2021; 8:e001409. [PMID: 33504630 PMCID: PMC7843208 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS It was predicted internationally that transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) would be vital during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. We therefore, designed a study to report the demand for TTE in two large District General Hospitals during the rise in the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK. A primary clinical outcome of 30-day mortality was also assessed. METHODS The TTE service across two hospitals was reconfigured to maximise access to inpatient scanning. All TTEs of suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients over a 3-week period were included in the study. All patients were followed up until at least day 30 after their scan at which point the primary clinical outcome of mortality was recorded. Comparative analysis based on mortality was conducted for all TTE results, biochemical markers and demographics. RESULTS 27 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 had a TTE within the inclusion window. Mortality comparative analysis showed the deceased group were significantly older (mean 68.4, SD 11.9 vs 60.5, SD 13.0, p=0.03) and more commonly reported fatigue in their presenting symptoms (29.6% vs 71.4%, p=0.01). No other differences were identified in the demographic or biochemical data. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was noted in 7.4% of patients and right ventricular impairment or dilation was seen in 18.5% patients. TTE results were not significantly different in mortality comparative analysis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an achievable approach to TTE services when under increased pressure. Data analysis supports the limited available data suggesting right ventricular abnormalities are the most commonly identified echocardiographic change in SARS-CoV-2 patients. No association can be demonstrated between mortality and TTE results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lucy Crook
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Howell Williams
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Mary Green
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Stewart Brown
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Richard Morris
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Hannah Fletcher
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Sarah Walters
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Anna Price
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Samantha King
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Christopher James McAloon
- Cardiology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
- Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Robb L, Joubert G, Jordaan M, Ngounda JO, Walsh C. Dietary intake and food sources of choline in pregnant women in bloemfontein, South Africa. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Verstynen T, Dunovan K, Walsh C, Kuan CH, Manuck SB, Gianaros PJ. Adiposity covaries with signatures of asymmetric feedback learning during adaptive decisions. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:1145-1156. [PMID: 32608485 PMCID: PMC7657458 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy weight gain relates, in part, to how people make decisions based on prior experience. Here we conducted post hoc analysis on an archival data set to evaluate whether individual differences in adiposity, an anthropometric construct encompassing a spectrum of body types, from lean to obese, associate with signatures of asymmetric feedback learning during value-based decision-making. In a sample of neurologically healthy adults (N = 433), ventral striatal responses to rewards, measured using fMRI, were not directly associated with adiposity, but rather moderated its relationship with feedback-driven learning in the Iowa gambling task, tested outside the scanner. Using a biologically inspired model of basal ganglia-dependent decision processes, we found this moderating effect of reward reactivity to be explained by an asymmetrical use of feedback to drive learning; that is, with more plasticity for gains than for losses, stronger reward reactivity leads to decisions that minimize exploration for maximizing long-term outcomes. Follow-up analysis confirmed that individual differences in adiposity correlated with signatures of asymmetric use of feedback cues during learning, suggesting that reward reactivity may especially relate to adiposity, and possibly obesity risk, when gains impact future decisions more than losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Verstynen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Carnegie Mellon Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kyle Dunovan
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Chieh-Hsin Kuan
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stephen B Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Walsh C, Lydon S, Hehir A, O'Connor P. Development and evaluation of a novel caregiver-report tool to assess barriers to physical healthcare for people on the autism spectrum. Res Autism Spectr Disord 2020; 79:101680. [PMID: 33072182 PMCID: PMC7554131 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People on the autism spectrum often experience poorer health than the general population despite higher engagement with the health services. This suggests a disparity in the accessibility of appropriate healthcare for autistic individuals. To improve access, barriers the autism community experience in healthcare first need to be identified. This paper aimed to: 1) develop and evaluate a caregiver-report tool; 2) identify barriers to physical healthcare for autistic individuals; and 3) identify potential contributing factors. METHODS A previously established taxonomy of barriers to healthcare for autistic individuals informed the development of the tool; this was then distributed to caregivers of autistic adults and children. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assessed validity and reliability of the tool. Multiple Regressions were performed to identify predictors of barriers. RESULTS In total, caregivers of 194 autistic children or adults participated in the study. The EFA produced four factors: 1) patient-level barriers; 2) healthcare provider-level (HCP) barriers; 3) healthcare system-level barriers; and 4) barriers related to managing healthcare. The greatest barriers included difficulties with identifying/reporting symptoms (endorsed by 62.4% of participants); difficulties handling the waiting area (60.3% of participants); and a lack of HCP knowledge regarding autism (52.1% of participants). Autism severity, general adjustment problems, anxiety, age and having unmet needs predicted the frequency and/or severity of barriers. CONCLUSIONS A tool that allows assessment of patient-, HCP-, and system-level barriers to healthcare was developed and evaluated. Patient-level barriers appear to occur frequently and pose substantial challenges. This tool will help identify areas most in need of intervention and support intervention evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Walsh
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - S Lydon
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - A Hehir
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - P O'Connor
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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Simpson G, Hopley P, Wilson J, Day N, Haworth A, Montazeri A, Smith D, Titu L, Anderson J, Agbamu D, Walsh C. Long-term outcomes of real world 'watch and wait' data for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:1568-1576. [PMID: 32686268 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM A 'watch and wait' (W&W) strategy after neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) remains controversial. Whilst encouraging short-term data exist, the strategy will be judged on long-term data. We present long-term, real-world UK data from a single National Health Service trust. METHODS An analysis was performed of a prospectively maintained W&W database over 9 years between 2010 and 2018. Outcome measures include incidence and time to regrowth and overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS We diagnosed 563 rectal cancers in 9 years. In all, 283 patients underwent rectal resection (50.3%). NACRT was used in 155 patients for margin-threatened tumours on staging MRI. Forty-nine patients (31.6%) experienced either a 'near complete' or a complete clinical response (cCR) at their 10 weeks post-NACRT assessment (MRI and endoscopy). The median age was 69 years (range 44-83), and the male to female ratio was 32:17. The median follow-up was 38 months (range 12-96). The median tumour distance from the anal verge was 7 cm (1-15 cm). Twenty-two patients had a cCR on initial assessment and 27 patients had a 'near' cCR. Of those 27 who experienced a 'near' cCR, 17 (63%) progressed to cCR on repeat assessment and 10 (37%) did not. Of these 10 patients, seven underwent standard surgical resection and three were unfit for surgery. R0 for the seven with delayed resection was 100%. Of 39 patients (22 cCR and 17 'near' cCR who progressed to cCR) (25.2% of those receiving NACRT), six patients experienced local regrowth (15.4%). The median time to local regrowth was 29 months (15-60 months). One of these six patients underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection, one was advised to have contact radiotherapy and four opted against surgery and also had contact radiotherapy. The overall survival was 100% at 2 years and 90% at 5 years. Disease-free survival was 90.47% at 2 years and 74.8% at 5 years. CONCLUSION A W&W treatment strategy was employed safely in this patient cohort with acceptable rates of local regrowth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Simpson
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - P Hopley
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - J Wilson
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - N Day
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - A Haworth
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | | | - D Smith
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - L Titu
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - J Anderson
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - D Agbamu
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - C Walsh
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
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Schwartz Z, Li A, Walsh C, Rimel B, Alvarado M, Lentz S, Cass I. Patterns of care for risk reducing surgery in non-BRCA and Lynch ovarian cancer susceptibility mutation carriers. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Simpson G, Marks T, Blacker S, Smith D, Walsh C. Reply to "Fluoroscopy during coccygectomy for rectal cancer". Tech Coloproctol 2020; 24:1101. [PMID: 32862340 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Simpson
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK.
| | - T Marks
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - S Blacker
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - D Smith
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
| | - C Walsh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral, UK
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Dietz HP, Walsh C, Subramaniam N, Friedman T. Levator avulsion and vaginal parity: do subsequent vaginal births matter? Int Urogynecol J 2020; 31:2311-2315. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Walsh C, Kukaswadia S, Markey G. Low energy injury to the foot. Emerg Med J 2020; 37:259-261. [PMID: 32366464 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2019-209147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Walsh
- Emergency Medicine, Waterford Regional Hospital, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Shane Kukaswadia
- Emergency Medicine, Waterford Regional Hospital, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Gerard Markey
- Emergency Medicine, Waterford Regional Hospital, Waterford, Ireland
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John C, Amersi F, Fong A, Gillen J, Moore K, Walsh C, Li A, Rimel B, Cass I. Rethinking Breast Cancer Surveillance in Women with BRCA-associated Ovarian Cancer in the Post-SOLO Trial Era. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ramot M, Walsh C, Reimann GE, Martin A. Distinct neural mechanisms of social orienting and mentalizing revealed by independent measures of neural and eye movement typicality. Commun Biol 2020; 3:48. [PMID: 31996763 PMCID: PMC6989525 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive study of typically developing individuals and those on the autism spectrum has identified a large number of brain regions associated with our ability to navigate the social world. Although it is widely appreciated that this so-called "social brain" is composed of distinct, interacting systems, these component parts have yet to be clearly elucidated. Here we used measures of eye movement and neural typicality-based on the degree to which subjects deviated from the norm-while typically developing (N = 62) and individuals with autism (N = 36) watched a large battery of movies depicting social interactions. Our findings provide clear evidence for distinct, but overlapping, neural systems underpinning two major components of the "social brain," social orienting, and inferring the mental state of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ramot
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gabrielle Elise Reimann
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Reyes N, Walsh C, Soke N, Hepburn S. Changes in temperament over time in young children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental delays: a follow-up comparison study. J Intellect Disabil Res 2019; 63:1248-1261. [PMID: 31169961 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although in the last decade some research has emerged on temperament in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this research has primarily focused on the differences between children with ASD and their typically developing peers rather than the stability or change in temperament in this population. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine temperament over time in children with ASD, developmental delays (DD) and typical development (TD). Temperament differences were also compared among the three groups. METHODS To accomplish this, parents rated children's temperament at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) using the Carey Temperament Scales (CTS). RESULTS Results from the study showed that at T1, parents of children with ASD rated their children as more withdrawn (i.e. approach), and emotionally negative (i.e. mood), and less distractible and adaptable than parents of children with TD and DD. Also, children with ASD were rated as more intense and children with DD as less distractible than their TD peers. Similarly, at T2, children with ASD were rated more withdrawn, and emotionally negative, and less persistent, rhythmic, adaptable and distractible than children with TD and DD. Also, children with ASD were rated as more active than their DD peers. Regarding stability, parent ratings of temperament appeared stable over time in the TD group, but ratings varied substantially in the ASD or DD groups. That is, for the ASD group, activity and approach at T1 were significantly associated with their corresponding dimensions at T2. However, for the TD group, rhythmicity, approach, intensity and mood at T1 were significantly associated with those dimensions at T2. No associations were found in the DD group. Regarding change, parents reported change in rhythmicity, persistence and threshold between T1 and T2 in the ASD group. Similarly, parents reported change in rhythmicity, approach and threshold between T1 and T2 in the DD group. Lastly, parents of TD children reported change in adaptability, persistence and distractibility between T1 and T2. CONCLUSIONS These findings are novel in that children with ASD appear to have less stable temperament profile and different change patterns than children with TD or DD. Similar to previous research, children with ASD were described by their parents as experiencing more temperamental difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C Walsh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - N Soke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Hepburn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Ektesabi AM, Mori K, Tsoporis J, Walsh C, Mai S, Hu P, DosSantos C. REGULATION OF MIR-187B IN ENDOTOXEMIC PRIMARY CARDIOMYOCYTES AND SEPTIC MURINE HEARTS TREATED WITH MESENCHYMAL STROMAL/STEM CELLS. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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45
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Ramot M, Walsh C, Martin A. Multifaceted integration – memory for faces is subserved by widespread connections between visual, memory and social processing networks. J Vis 2019. [DOI: 10.1167/19.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ramot
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Catherine Walsh
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
| | - Alex Martin
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health
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Walsh C, Kamrava M, Rogatko A, Li A, Cass I, Karlan B, Rimel B. Phase II trial of pembrolizumab with cisplatin and gemcitabine in women with recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Curran M, Tierney A, Collins L, Kennedy L, McDonnell C, Sheikhi A, Walsh C, Casserly B, Cahalan R. ePS3.10 Reliability and validity of the ActivPAL and Fitbit Charge 2 as a measure of step count in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Penn C, Lester J, Bohrer K, Moon C, Yearley J, Karlan B, Walsh C. PD-1/PD-L1 expression in mutated ovarian cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Walsh C, Sémon P, Poulin D, Sordi G, Tremblay AMS. Local Entanglement Entropy and Mutual Information across the Mott Transition in the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:067203. [PMID: 30822052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.067203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement and information are powerful lenses to probe phases transitions in many-body systems. Motivated by recent cold atom experiments, which are now able to measure the corresponding information-theoretic quantities, we study the Mott transition in the half-filled two-dimensional Hubbard model using cellular dynamical mean-field theory, and focus on two key measures of quantum correlations: entanglement entropy and a measure of total mutual information. We show that they detect the first-order nature of the transition, the universality class of the end point, and the crossover emanating from the end point.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Walsh
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom, TW20 0EX
| | - P Sémon
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - D Poulin
- Département de physique & Institut quantique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1Z8
| | - G Sordi
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom, TW20 0EX
| | - A-M S Tremblay
- Département de physique & Institut quantique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1Z8
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Lydon S, Greally C, Tujjar O, Reddy K, Lambe K, Madden C, Walsh C, Fox S, O'Connor P. Psychometric evaluation of a measure of factors influencing hand hygiene behaviour to inform intervention. J Hosp Infect 2019; 102:407-412. [PMID: 30769147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the hand hygiene (HH) procedure is simple, the related behaviour is complex and is not readily understood, explained or changed. There is a need for practical tools to provide data that can guide healthcare managers and practitioners not only on the 'what' (the standards that must be met), but also the 'how' (guidance on how to achieve the standards). AIM To develop a valid questionnaire to evaluate attitudes to the factors that influence engagement in HH behaviour that can be readily completed, administered and analysed by healthcare professionals to identify appropriate intervention strategies. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, predictive validity was assessed through comparison with self-reported HH behaviour, and convergent validity was assessed through direct unit-level observation of HH behaviour. METHODS The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model was used to design a 25-item questionnaire that was distributed to intensive care unit (ICU) personnel in Ireland. Direct observation of HH behaviour was carried out at two ICUs. FINDINGS In total, 292 responses to the survey (response rate 41.0%) were included in the analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a 17-item questionnaire. Multiple regression revealed that a model including capability, opportunity and motivation was a significant predictor of self-reported behavioural intention [F(3,209)=22.58, P<0.001]. However, the opportunity factor was not found to make a significant contribution to the regression model. CONCLUSION The COM-B HH questionnaire is reliable and valid, and provides data to support the development and evaluation of HH interventions that meet the needs of specific healthcare units.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lydon
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - C Greally
- Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - O Tujjar
- Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland
| | - K Reddy
- Health Services Executive, Ireland
| | - K Lambe
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - C Madden
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - C Walsh
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - S Fox
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - P O'Connor
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
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