1
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Stevenson S, Liu X, Sublett DM, Koenig RM, Seeler TL, Tepper KR, Franklin HM, Wang X, Huang R, Feng X, Cover K, Troya D, Shanaiah N, Bodnar RJ, Dorn HC. Semiconducting and Metallic [5,5] Fullertube Nanowires: Characterization of Pristine D 5h(1)-C 90 and D 5d(1)-C 100. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4593-4599. [PMID: 33733775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although fullerenes were discovered nearly 35 years ago, scientists still struggle to isolate "single molecule" tubular fullerenes larger than C90. In similar fashion, there is a paucity of reports for pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In spite of Herculean efforts, the isolation and properties of pristine members of these carbonaceous classes remain largely unfulfilled. For example, the low abundance of spherical and tubular higher fullerenes in electric-arc extracts (<0.01-0.5%) and multiplicity of structural isomers remain a major challenge. Recently, a new isolation protocol for highly tubular fullerenes, also called f ullertubes, was reported. Herein, we describe spectroscopic characterization including 13C NMR, XPS, and Raman results for purified [5,5] fullertube family members, D5h-C90 and D5d-C100. In addition, DFT computational HOMO-LUMO gaps, polarizability indices, and electron density maps were also obtained. The Raman and 13C NMR results are consistent with semiconducting and metallic properties for D5h-C90 and D5d-C100, respectively. Our report suggests that short [5,5] fullertubes with aspect ratios of only ∼1.5-2 are metallic and could exhibit unique electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - D Mathew Sublett
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ryan M Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Tiffany L Seeler
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Katelyn R Tepper
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Hannah M Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin Cover
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Robert J Bodnar
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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2
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Su Y, Chen Z, Tian H, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Xie S, Zheng L. Implications of Nitrogen Doping on Geometrical and Electronic Structure of the Fullerene Dimers. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Su
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zuo‐Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Han‐Rui Tian
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yun‐Yan Xu
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Su‐Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Lan‐Sun Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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3
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Konarev DV, Kuzmin AV, Khasanov SS, Goryunkov AA, Brotsman VA, Ioffe IN, Otsuka A, Yamochi H, Kitagawa H, Lyubovskaya RN. Electronic Communication between S=1/2 Spins in Negatively-charged Double-caged Fullerene C 60 Derivative Bonded by Two Single Bonds and Pyrrolizidine Bridge. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1958-1964. [PMID: 30884178 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Radical anion salt {cryptand[2.2.2] (K+ )}2 (bispheroid)2- ⋅3.5C6 H4 Cl2 (1) of the double-caged fullerene C60 derivative, in which fullerene cages are linked by a cyclobutane bridging cycle and additionally by a pyrrolizidine moiety, was obtained. Each fullerene cage in this derivative accepts one electron on reduction, thus forming the (bispheroid)2- dianions with two interacting S=1/2 spins on the neighboring cages. Low-temperature magnetic measurements reveal a singlet ground state of the bispheroid dianions whereas triplet contributions prevail at increased temperature. An estimated exchange interaction between two spins J/kB =-78 K in 1 indicates strong magnetic coupling between them, nearly two times higher than that (J/kB =-44.7 K) in previously studied (C60 - )2 dimers linked via a cyclobutane bridge only. The enhancement of magnetic coupling in 1 can be explained by a shorter distance between the fullerene cages and, possibly, an additional channel for the magnetic exchange provided by a pyrrolizidine bridge. Quantum-chemical calculations of the lowest electronic state of the dianions by means of multi-configuration quasi-degenerate perturbation theory support the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Konarev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kuzmin
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia
| | - Salavat S Khasanov
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor A Brotsman
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya N Ioffe
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Akihiro Otsuka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamochi
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Research Center for Low Temperature and Materials Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Rimma N Lyubovskaya
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia
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4
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Cheng KY, Lee SL, Kuo TY, Lin CH, Chen YC, Kuo TH, Hsu CC, Chen CH. Template-Assisted Proximity for Oligomerization of Fullerenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5416-5421. [PMID: 29676918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrated herein is an unprecedented porous template-assisted reaction at the solid-liquid interface involving bond formation, which is typically collision-driven and occurs in the solution and gas phases. The template is a TMA (trimesic acid) monolayer with two-dimensional pores that host fullerenes, which otherwise exhibit an insignificant affinity to an undecorated graphite substrate. The confinement of C84 units in the TMA pores formulates a proximity that is ideal for bond formation. The oligomerization of C84 is triggered by an electric pulse via a scanning tunneling microscope tip. The spacing between C84 moieties becomes 1.4 nm, which is larger than the edge-to-edge diameter of 1.1-1.2 nm of C84 due to the formation of intermolecular single bonds. In addition, the characteristic mass-to-charge ratios of dimers and trimers are observed by mass spectrometry. The experimental findings shed light on the active role of spatially tailored templates in facilitating the chemical activity of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum-Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yang Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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5
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Photoluminescence changes of C 70 nano/submicro-crystals induced by high pressure and high temperature. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38470. [PMID: 27922133 PMCID: PMC5138837 DOI: 10.1038/srep38470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow C70 nano/submicro-crystals with a fcc lattice structure were treated under various high pressure and high temperature conditions. The energy band structure was visibly changed by the high pressure and high temperature treatment, and the luminescence of the treated C70 nano/submicro-crystals were tuned from the visible to the near infrared range. In-situ high pressure experiments at room temperature indicate that pressure plays a key role in the tuning of the band gap and PL properties in C70 nanocrystals, and temperature plays an important role in the formation of stable intermolecular bonds and thus to define the final red-shift of the PL peaks. The polymeric phases of C70 nanocrystals treated at high pressure and high temperature were identified from their Raman spectra, which showed a change from monomers to a dimer-rich phase and finally to a phase containing larger, disordered C70 oligomers.
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6
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Cui W, Yao M, Liu S, Ma F, Li Q, Liu R, Liu B, Zou B, Cui T, Liu B. A new carbon phase constructed by long-range ordered carbon clusters from compressing C70 solvates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7257-7263. [PMID: 25227982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An ordered amorphous carbon cluster (OACC) structure with building blocks of highly deformed/collapsed C70 is synthesized by compressing C70 *m-xylene, which exhibits an exceptionally high hardness. Different from compressing C60 *m-xylene, a new structure transition is observed in C70*m-xylene at above 30 GPa, indicating the formation of a new OACC structure under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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7
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Sabirov DS, Terentyev AO, Bulgakov RG. Polarizability of fullerene [2+2]-dimers: a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14594-600. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Abstract
The low or lack of solubility of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene/graphite in organic solvents and water severely hampers the study of their chemical functionalizations and practical applications. Covalent and noncovalent functionalizations of fullerenes and related materials via mechanochemistry seem appealing to tackle these problems. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive coverage on the mechanochemical reactions of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphite, including dimerizations and trimerizations, nucleophilic additions, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, Diels-Alder reactions, [2 + 1] cycloadditions of carbenes and nitrenes, radical additions, oxidations, etc. It is intriguing to find that some reactions of fullerenes can only proceed under solvent-free conditions or undergo different reaction pathways from those of the liquid-phase counterparts to generate completely different products. We also present the application of the mechanical milling technique to complex formation, nanocomposite formation and enhanced hydrogen storage of carbon-related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-E Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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9
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Sabirov DS. Polarizability of C60 fullerene dimer and oligomers: the unexpected enhancement and its use for rational design of fullerene-based nanostructures with adjustable properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
Construction of periodic fulleroids (including covering polygons other than the classical pentagons and hexagons) is achieved by several coupling procedures. A constitutive typing enumeration for topologically periodic fulleroids is given. π-electronic periodicity of several series of tubulenes is rationalized in terms of some "rules of thumb". The strain energy of these nonplanar molecules was evaluated from the pyramidalization angles of the sp2 carbon atoms by the POAV1 procedure. Semiempirical PM3 calculations support the presented spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- MIRCEA V. DIUDEA
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 3400 Cluj, Romania
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11
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Gruzinskaya NI, Silin AI, Pimenova AS, Khavrel PA, Markov VY, Sidorov LN, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Synthesis and structure of cycloperfluoroalkylated derivatives of C70, C70(C2F4) and C70(C4F8)n, n = 1–6. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9nj00444k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Popov AA, Burtsev AV, Senyavin VM, Dunsch L, Troyanov SI. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of the Dimeric Dicationic Fullerene Complex [(C70)2]2+(Ti3Cl13)−2. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:263-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805264q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Popov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, and Group of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander V. Burtsev
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, and Group of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir M. Senyavin
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, and Group of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lothar Dunsch
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, and Group of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergey I. Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, and Group of Electrochemistry and Conducting Polymers, Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Rodríguez B, Bruckmann A, Rantanen T, Bolm C. Solvent-Free Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations in Ball Mills. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Pimenova AS, Sidorov LN, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Fluorocycloalkylated Fullerenes in the Systems C60/70–C2F4I2. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Thilgen C, Diederich F. Structural Aspects of Fullerene ChemistryA Journey through Fullerene Chirality. Chem Rev 2006; 106:5049-135. [PMID: 17165683 DOI: 10.1021/cr0505371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Thilgen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Diudea MV, Nagy CL, Silaghi-Dumitrescu I, Graovac A, Janezic D, Vikić-Topić D. Periodic cages. J Chem Inf Model 2006; 45:293-9. [PMID: 15807490 DOI: 10.1021/ci049738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various cages are constructed by using three types of caps: f-cap (derived from spherical fullerenes by deleting zones of various size), kf-cap (obtainable by cutting off the polar ring, of size k), and t-cap ("tubercule"-cap). Building ways are presented, some of them being possible isomerization routes in the real chemistry of fullerenes. Periodic cages with ((5,7)3) covering are modeled, and their constitutive typing enumeration is given. Spectral data revealed some electronic periodicity in fullerene clusters. Semiempirical and strain energy calculations complete their characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea V Diudea
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj, Romania.
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17
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Vasil'ev YV, Kotsiris SG, Bashkin IO, Antonov VE, Moravsky AP, Drewello T. Bulk Production of a Strong Covalently Linked (C60Hx)2 Dimer. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:11875-9. [PMID: 16852461 DOI: 10.1021/jp0517302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high-pressure treatment of C60 in an H2 atmosphere at high temperatures leads to the efficient formation of a covalently bound dimer and some oligomeric species. The resulting hydrogenated C120 is an example of the bulk production of covalently bound derivatized fullerene cores. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization in conjunction with reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been applied to the product analysis. The dissociation pattern of selected C120H(2x)+ ions (x > 30) indicates the dimeric structure of (C60H(x))2, as opposed to a giant hydrofullerene species possessing a fused C120 core. However, the results also clearly indicate a much stronger bonding (multiple sigma bonding) between the C60H(x) units than present in cycloaddition products. Evidence of a covalently linked dimer was obtained in labeling experiments, on the basis of which any laser-induced gas-phase aggregation of the C60H(x) monomer during the analysis is discounted.
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18
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Pasupathy AN, Park J, Chang C, Soldatov AV, Lebedkin S, Bialczak RC, Grose JE, Donev LAK, Sethna JP, Ralph DC, McEuen PL. Vibration-assisted electron tunneling in C140 transistors. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:203-207. [PMID: 15794596 DOI: 10.1021/nl048619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We measure electron tunneling in transistors made from C(140), a molecule with a mass-spring-mass geometry chosen as a model system to study electron-vibration coupling. We observe vibration-assisted tunneling at an energy corresponding to the stretching mode of C(140). Molecular modeling provides explanations for why this mode couples more strongly to electron tunneling than to the other internal modes of the molecule. We make comparisons between the observed tunneling rates and those expected from the Franck-Condon model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Pasupathy
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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19
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Zhechkov L, Heine T, Seifert G. D5h C50 Fullerene: A Building Block for Oligomers and Solids? J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046318l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lyuben Zhechkov
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gotthard Seifert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Gao X, Yuan H, Chen Z, Zhao Y. Theoretical studies of structures and stabilities of a new odd-numbered fullerene dimer: C141. J Comput Chem 2004; 25:2023-30. [PMID: 15473009 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The possible isomers of a newly synthesized C(141) molecule are calculated using MNDO, AM1, PM3, B3LYP/3-21G, and B3LYP/6-31G(d) methods. The geometry optimizations showed that the isomer 8-8 has the lowest total energy in all 64 possible structures of C(141). Unlike those of C(130), C(140), etc., the C(141) 8-8 shows a new structure: two C(70) side cages open [6.6] ring junctions located at the equator (instead of cap) area to create new chemical bonds for the bridge atom. Theoretical measurements of the average length of the long and short axes of C(70) side cages in the C(141) molecule reveal that when two C(70) cages are connected with each other at the equators, their geometric shapes become more spherical compared with the pristine C(70); this leads to a reduction of the molecular polarizability. Analysis of the local and global strain indicates that the global strain of C(70) monomer in the C(141) 8-8 is greatly reduced compared to the pristine C(70). The stable C(70) derivatives that are formed with reacted C-C bonds in the equator area may put new insights into fullerene chemistry, in particular, for C(70) to react with a large molecule. The results are discussed together with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfa Gao
- Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials & Related Bio-Environmental Health Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhao Y, Chen Z, Yuan H, Gao X, Qu L, Chai Z, Xing G, Yoshimoto S, Tsutsumi E, Itaya K. Highly Selective and Simple Synthesis of C2m−X−C2n Fullerene Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:11134-5. [PMID: 15355078 DOI: 10.1021/ja048232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Energetic-radiation-induced dimerization reaction of fullerenes was found to be a simple and highly selective method for synthesis of C2m-X-C2n (m = n or m not equal n) type molecules without formation of other products. Utilizing the new method, C70-C-C70, C60-C-C70, C60-C-C60, and C70-O-C70 were prepared and characterized. The method is capable of synthesizing new C2m-X-C2n molecules by introducing X (different atoms) into the reaction system. Energetic radiation created reactive sites for covalently bonded bridges between fullerene molecules originally only weakly bound by van der Waals force. This observation may open a new subject and practicable approach for polymer sciences of fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China.
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22
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Lee K, Choi YJ, Cho YJ, Lee CY, Song H, Lee CH, Lee YS, Park JT. Strong Interfullerene Electronic Communication in a Bisfullerene−Hexarhodium Sandwich Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:9837-44. [PMID: 15291588 DOI: 10.1021/ja047290u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of Rh(6)(CO)(12)(dppm)(2) (dppm = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) with 1.4 equiv. of C(60) in chlorobenzene at 120 degrees C affords a face-capping C(60) derivative Rh(6)(CO)(9)(dppm)(2)(micro(3)-eta(2),eta(2),eta(2)-C(60)) (1) in 73% yield. Treatment of 1 with excess CNR (10 equiv., R = CH(2)C(6)H(5)) at 80 degrees C provides a bisbenzylisocyanide-substituted compound Rh(6)(CO)(7)(dppm)(2)(CNR)(2)(micro(3)-eta(2),eta(2),eta(2)-C(60)) (2) in 59% yield. Reaction of 1 with excess C(60) (4 equiv.) in refluxing chlorobenzene followed by treatment with 1 equiv. of CNR at room temperature gives a bisfullerene sandwich complex Rh(6)(CO)(5)(dppm)(2)(CNR)(micro(3)-eta(2),eta(2),eta(2)-C(60))(2) (3) in 31% yield. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 have been characterized by spectroscopic and microanalytical methods as well as by X-ray crystallographic studies. Electrochemical properties of 1, 2, and 3 have been examined by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of 1 and 2 show two reversible one-electron redox waves, a reversible one-step two-electron redox wave, and a reversible one-electron redox wave, respectively, within the solvent cutoff window. This observation suggests that compounds 1 and 2 undergo similar C(60)-localized electrochemical pathways up to 1(5)(-) and 2(5)(-). Each redox wave of 2 appears at more negative potentials compared to that of 1 because of the donor effect of the benzylisocyanide ligand. The CV of compound 3 reveals six reversible well-separated redox waves due to strong interfullerene electronic communication via the Rh(6) metal cluster bridge. The electrochemical properties of 1, 2, and 3 have been rationalized by molecular orbital calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) method. In particular, the molecular orbital (MO) calculation reveals significant contribution of the metal cluster center to the unoccupied molecular orbitals in 3, which is consistent with the experimental result of strong interfullerene electronic communication via the Rh(6) metal cluster spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea.
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Gromov A, Ostrovskii D, Lassesson A, Jönsson M, Campbell EEB. Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Study of Chromatographically Isolated Li@C60 and Li@C70. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030403w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Gromov
- Department of Experimental Physics, Göteborg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Denis Ostrovskii
- Department of Experimental Physics, Göteborg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lassesson
- Department of Experimental Physics, Göteborg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Martin Jönsson
- Department of Experimental Physics, Göteborg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-41296, Sweden
| | - Eleanor E. B. Campbell
- Department of Experimental Physics, Göteborg University and Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-41296, Sweden
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Dunsch L, Rapta P, Gromov A, Staško A. In situ ESR/UV–vis–NIR spectroelectrochemistry of C60 and its dimers C120, C120O and C120OS. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Kudo T, Akimoto Y, Shinoda K, Jeyadevan B, Tohji K, Nirasawa T, Waelchli M, Krätschmer W. Characterization and Structures of Dimeric C70 Oxides, C140O, Synthesized with Hydrothermal Treatment. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0139989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiji Kudo
- Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuki Akimoto
- Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kozo Shinoda
- Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Tohji
- Department of Geoscience and Technology, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Krätschmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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Forman GS, Tagmatarchis N, Shinohara H. Novel synthesis and characterization of five isomers of (C(70))(2) fullerene dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:178-9. [PMID: 11782162 DOI: 10.1021/ja0168662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of dimers and polymers, wherein two or more cages are linked, represent an important frontier in the chemistry of fullerene derivatives. A simple and novel method that requires no special apparatus has been developed for the dimerization of [70]fullerene to (C70)2. Upon grinding [70]fullerene in a mortar and pestle in the presence of K2CO3, five structural isomers of (C70)2 have been produced. These isomers are separated from one another via high performance liquid chromatography and are characterized by 13C NMR, UV-vis-NIR absorption and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Forman
- Nagoya University, Department of Chemistry, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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28
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Smontara A, Tonejc A, Gradečak S, Tonejc A, Bilušić A, Lasjaunias J. Structural (XRD and HRTEM) investigations of fullerite C60 and C70 samples. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(01)00427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Bachilo SM, Benedetto AF, Weisman RB. Triplet State Dissociation of C120, the Dimer of C60. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012482m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Soldatov AV, Roth G, Dzyabchenko A, Johnels D, Lebedkin S, Meingast C, Sundqvist B, Haluska M, Kuzmany H. Topochemical polymerization of C70 controlled by monomer crystal packing. Science 2001; 293:680-3. [PMID: 11474107 DOI: 10.1126/science.1061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric forms of C60 are now well known, but numerous attempts to obtain C70 in a polymeric state have yielded only dimers. Polymeric C70 has now been synthesized by treatment of hexagonally packed C70 single crystals under moderate hydrostatic pressure (2 gigapascals) at elevated temperature (300 degrees C), which confirms predictions from our modeling of polymeric structures of C70. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction shows that the molecules are bridged into polymeric zigzag chains that extend along the c axis of the parent structure. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman data provide evidence for covalent chemical bonding between the C70 cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Soldatov
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe-Technik und Umwelt, Post Office Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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31
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Fujitsuka M, Fujiwara K, Murata Y, Uemura S, Kunitake M, Ito O, Komatsu K. Properties of Photoexcited States of C180, a Triangle Trimer of C60. CHEM LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2001.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Heine
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Universität-GH Paderborn, Paderborn, FB6 Theoretische Physik, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany, and University of Exeter, School of Chemistry, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - F. Zerbetto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Universität-GH Paderborn, Paderborn, FB6 Theoretische Physik, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany, and University of Exeter, School of Chemistry, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - G. Seifert
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Universität-GH Paderborn, Paderborn, FB6 Theoretische Physik, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany, and University of Exeter, School of Chemistry, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - P. W. Fowler
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy, Universität-GH Paderborn, Paderborn, FB6 Theoretische Physik, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany, and University of Exeter, School of Chemistry, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
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