1
|
Luo Y, Sheng S, Pisarra M, Martin-Jimenez A, Martin F, Kern K, Garg M. Selective excitation of vibrations in a single molecule. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6983. [PMID: 39143046 PMCID: PMC11324655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The capability to excite, probe, and manipulate vibrational modes is essential for understanding and controlling chemical reactions at the molecular level. Recent advancements in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopies have enabled the probing of vibrational fingerprints in a single molecule with Ångström-scale spatial resolution. However, achieving controllable excitation of specific vibrational modes in individual molecules remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the selective excitation and probing of vibrational modes in single deprotonated phthalocyanine molecules utilizing resonance Raman spectroscopy in a scanning tunneling microscope. Selective excitation is achieved by finely tuning the excitation wavelength of the laser to be resonant with the vibronic transitions between the molecular ground electronic state and the vibrational levels in the excited electronic state, resulting in the state-selective enhancement of the resonance Raman signal. Our approach contributes to setting the stage for steering chemical transformations in molecules on surfaces by selective excitation of molecular vibrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Shaoxiang Sheng
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michele Pisarra
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 30C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
- INFN-LNF, Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Alberto Martin-Jimenez
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nano), Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martin
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nano), Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manish Garg
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Carvalho LAEB, Cinque G, de Carvalho ALMB, Marques J, Frogley MD, Vondracek H, Marques MPM. Synchrotron nano-FTIR spectroscopy for probing anticancer drugs at subcellular scale. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17166. [PMID: 39060284 PMCID: PMC11282259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to cisplatin was assessed in human osteosarcoma cells, using synchrotron-based (SR) Fourier Transform InfraRed nanospectroscopy (nano-FTIR) at the MIRIAM beamline B22 of Diamond Light Source (UK). This label-free mapping method delivered simultaneous morphological and biochemical information on a subcellular level (i.e. 100 s nanometer or better). Based on specific spectral biomarkers, the main biochemical constituents affected by the drug were identified at distinct locations within the cell´s inner body. Cisplatin was shown to have a noteworthy effect on proteins, mostly within the cytoplasm. A clear drug impact on cellular lipids was also observed. Within current literature on s-SNOM, this nanospectroscopy work represents a first successful application in life sciences providing full fingerprint nano-FTIR spectra across intact human cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton - Didcot, OX11 0DE, Oxfordshire, UK.
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | | | - Joana Marques
- Department of Chemistry, Química-Física Molecular, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mark D Frogley
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton - Didcot, OX11 0DE, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Hendrik Vondracek
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton - Didcot, OX11 0DE, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Maria Paula M Marques
- Department of Chemistry, Química-Física Molecular, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Al-Mualem ZA, Baiz CR. Lipid Landscapes: Vibrational Spectroscopy for Decoding Membrane Complexity. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:283-305. [PMID: 38382566 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090722-010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell membranes are incredibly complex environments containing hundreds of components. Despite substantial advances in the past decade, fundamental questions related to lipid-lipid interactions and heterogeneity persist. This review explores the complexity of lipid membranes, showcasing recent advances in vibrational spectroscopy to characterize the structure, dynamics, and interactions at the membrane interface. We include an overview of modern techniques such as surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy as a steady-state technique with single-bilayer sensitivity, two-dimensional sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy to measure time-evolving structures and dynamics with femtosecond time resolution. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of multiscale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, focusing on recently developed simulation algorithms, which have emerged as a powerful approach to interpret complex spectra. We highlight the ongoing challenges in studying heterogeneous environments in multicomponent membranes via current vibrational spectroscopic techniques and MD simulations. Overall, this review provides an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the powerful combination of vibrational spectroscopy and simulations, which has great potential to illuminate lipid-lipid, lipid-protein, and lipid-water interactions in the intricate conformational landscape of cell membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
| | | | - Carlos R Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Satyarthy S, Hasan Ul Iqbal M, Abida F, Nahar R, Hauser AJ, Cheng MMC, Ghosh A. Stearic Acid as an Atomic Layer Deposition Inhibitor: Spectroscopic Insights from AFM-IR. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2713. [PMID: 37836354 PMCID: PMC10574727 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern-day chip manufacturing requires precision in placing chip materials on complex and patterned structures. Area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) is a self-aligned manufacturing technique with high precision and control, which offers cost effectiveness compared to the traditional patterning techniques. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been explored as an avenue for realizing AS-ALD, wherein surface-active sites are modified in a specific pattern via SAMs that are inert to metal deposition, enabling ALD nucleation on the substrate selectively. However, key limitations have limited the potential of AS-ALD as a patterning method. The choice of molecules for ALD blocking SAMs is sparse; furthermore, deficiency in the proper understanding of the SAM chemistry and its changes upon metal layer deposition further adds to the challenges. In this work, we have addressed the above challenges by using nanoscale infrared spectroscopy to investigate the potential of stearic acid (SA) as an ALD inhibiting SAM. We show that SA monolayers on Co and Cu substrates can inhibit ZnO ALD growth on par with other commonly used SAMs, which demonstrates its viability towards AS-ALD. We complement these measurements with AFM-IR, which is a surface-sensitive spatially resolved technique, to obtain spectral insights into the ALD-treated SAMs. The significant insight obtained from AFM-IR is that SA SAMs do not desorb or degrade with ALD, but rather undergo a change in substrate coordination modes, which can affect ALD growth on substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Satyarthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (S.S.); (M.H.U.I.)
| | - Md Hasan Ul Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (S.S.); (M.H.U.I.)
| | - Fairoz Abida
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (F.A.); (M.M.-C.C.)
| | - Ridwan Nahar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (R.N.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Adam J. Hauser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (R.N.); (A.J.H.)
| | - Mark Ming-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (F.A.); (M.M.-C.C.)
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (S.S.); (M.H.U.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li D, Xu C, Xie J, Lee C. Research Progress in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: From Performance Optimization, Sensing Applications, to System Integration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2377. [PMID: 37630962 PMCID: PMC10458771 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective tool for the detection and identification of molecules. However, its application is limited by the low infrared absorption cross-section of the molecule, resulting in low sensitivity and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a breakthrough technique that exploits the field-enhancing properties of periodic nanostructures to amplify the vibrational signals of trace molecules. The fascinating properties of SEIRA technology have aroused great interest, driving diverse sensing applications. In this review, we first discuss three ways for SEIRA performance optimization, including material selection, sensitivity enhancement, and bandwidth improvement. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of SEIRA technology in fields such as biomedicine and environmental monitoring. In recent years, we have ushered in a new era characterized by the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and wearable devices. These new demands spurred the pursuit of miniaturized and consolidated infrared spectroscopy systems and chips. In addition, the rise of machine learning has injected new vitality into SEIRA, bringing smart device design and data analysis to the foreground. The final section of this review explores the anticipated trajectory that SEIRA technology might take, highlighting future trends and possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vicentini E, Nuansing W, Niehues I, Amenabar I, Bittner AM, Hillenbrand R, Schnell M. Pseudoheterodyne interferometry for multicolor near-field imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:22308-22322. [PMID: 37475345 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and characterization of a detection technique for scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) that enables near-field amplitude and phase imaging at two or more wavelengths simultaneously. To this end, we introduce multispectral pseudoheterodyne (PSH) interferometry, where infrared lasers are combined to form a beam with a discrete spectrum of laser lines and a time-multiplexing scheme is employed to allow for the use of a single infrared detector. We first describe and validate the implementation of multispectral PSH into a commercial s-SNOM instrument. We then demonstrate its application for the real-time correction of the negative phase contrast (NPC), which provides reliable imaging of weak IR absorption at the nanoscale. We anticipate that multispectral PSH could improve data throughput, reduce effects of sample and interferometer drift, and help to establish multicolor s-SNOM imaging as a regular imaging modality, which could be particularly interesting as new infrared light sources become available.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilcken R, Nishida J, Triana JF, John-Herpin A, Altug H, Sharma S, Herrera F, Raschke MB. Antenna-coupled infrared nanospectroscopy of intramolecular vibrational interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220852120. [PMID: 37155895 PMCID: PMC10193936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220852120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many photonic and electronic molecular properties, as well as chemical and biochemical reactivities are controlled by fast intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR). This fundamental ultrafast process limits coherence time in applications from photochemistry to single quantum level control. While time-resolved multidimensional IR-spectroscopy can resolve the underlying vibrational interaction dynamics, as a nonlinear optical technique it has been challenging to extend its sensitivity to probe small molecular ensembles, achieve nanoscale spatial resolution, and control intramolecular dynamics. Here, we demonstrate a concept how mode-selective coupling of vibrational resonances to IR nanoantennas can reveal intramolecular vibrational energy transfer. In time-resolved infrared vibrational nanospectroscopy, we measure the Purcell-enhanced decrease of vibrational lifetimes of molecular vibrations while tuning the IR nanoantenna across coupled vibrations. At the example of a Re-carbonyl complex monolayer, we derive an IVR rate of (25±8) cm-1 corresponding to (450±150) fs, as is typical for the fast initial equilibration between symmetric and antisymmetric carbonyl vibrations. We model the enhancement of the cross-vibrational relaxation based on intrinsic intramolecular coupling and extrinsic antenna-enhanced vibrational energy relaxation. The model further suggests an anti-Purcell effect based on antenna and laser-field-driven vibrational mode interference which can counteract IVR-induced relaxation. Nanooptical spectroscopy of antenna-coupled vibrational dynamics thus provides for an approach to probe intramolecular vibrational dynamics with a perspective for vibrational coherent control of small molecular ensembles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wilcken
- Department of Physics, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Physics, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Johan F. Triana
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central917022, Chile
| | - Aurelian John-Herpin
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Felipe Herrera
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central917022, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, Concepción4030000, Chile
| | - Markus B. Raschke
- Department of Physics, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niehues I, Mester L, Vicentini E, Wigger D, Schnell M, Hillenbrand R. Identification of weak molecular absorption in single-wavelength s-SNOM images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7012-7022. [PMID: 36823946 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) allows for nanoscale optical mapping of manifold material properties. It is based on interferometric recording of the light scattered at a scanning probe tip. For dielectric samples such as biological materials or polymers, the near-field amplitude and phase signals of the scattered field reveal the local reflectivity and absorption, respectively. Importantly, absorption in s-SNOM imaging corresponds to a positive phase contrast relative to a non-absorbing reference sample. Here, we describe that in certain conditions (weakly or non- absorbing material placed on a highly reflective substrate), a slight negative phase contrast may be observed, which can hinder the recognition of materials exhibiting a weak infrared absorption. We first document this effect and explore its origin using representative test samples. We then demonstrate straightforward simple correction methods that remove the negative phase contrast and that allow for the identification of weak absorption contrasts.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nuić L, Panić B, Pereković LK, Rakić IŠ, Kralj M, Mihanović A, Vančik H, Biljan I. Polymerization of aromatic dinitroso derivatives initiated by nitroso-terminated monolayer on Au(111) surface: Insights from ellipsometry, AFM and nano-FTIR spectroscopy. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
|
10
|
Kim J, Lee JK, Chae B, Ahn J, Lee S. Near-field infrared nanoscopic study of EUV- and e-beam-exposed hydrogen silsesquioxane photoresist. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:53. [PMID: 36459274 PMCID: PMC9718909 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a technique of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) based on scanning probe microscopy as a nanoscale-resolution chemical visualization technique of the structural changes in photoresist thin films. Chemical investigations were conducted in the nanometer regime by highly concentrated near-field infrared on the sharp apex of the metal-coated atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip. When s-SNOM was applied along with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize the extreme UV- and electron-beam (e-beam)-exposed hydrogen silsesquioxane films, line and space patterns of half-pitch 100, 200, 300, and 500 nm could be successfully visualized prior to pattern development in the chemical solutions. The linewidth and line edge roughness values of the exposed domains obtained by s-SNOM were comparable to those extracted from the AFM and scanning electron microscopy images after development. The chemical analysis capabilities provided by s-SNOM provide new analytical opportunities that are not possible with traditional e-beam-based photoresist measurement, thus allowing information to be obtained without interference from non-photoreaction processes such as wet development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Boknam Chae
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Ahn
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangsul Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Say Z, Kaya M, Kaderoğlu Ç, Koçak Y, Ercan KE, Sika-Nartey AT, Jalal A, Turk AA, Langhammer C, Jahangirzadeh Varjovi M, Durgun E, Ozensoy E. Unraveling Molecular Fingerprints of Catalytic Sulfur Poisoning at the Nanometer Scale with Near-Field Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8848-8860. [PMID: 35486918 PMCID: PMC9121382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of catalytic deactivation phenomena such as sulfur poisoning occurring on metal/metal-oxide interfaces is essential for the development of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts with extended lifetimes. Unambiguous identification of catalytic poisoning species requires experimental methods simultaneously delivering accurate information regarding adsorption sites and adsorption geometries of adsorbates with nanometer-scale spatial resolution, as well as their detailed chemical structure and surface functional groups. However, to date, it has not been possible to study catalytic sulfur poisoning of metal/metal-oxide interfaces at the nanometer scale without sacrificing chemical definition. Here, we demonstrate that near-field nano-infrared spectroscopy can effectively identify the chemical nature, adsorption sites, and adsorption geometries of sulfur-based catalytic poisons on a Pd(nanodisk)/Al2O3 (thin-film) planar model catalyst surface at the nanometer scale. The current results reveal striking variations in the nature of sulfate species from one nanoparticle to another, vast alterations of sulfur poisoning on a single Pd nanoparticle as well as at the assortment of sulfate species at the active metal-metal-oxide support interfacial sites. These findings provide critical molecular-level insights crucial for the development of long-lifetime precious metal catalysts resistant toward deactivation by sulfur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Say
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melike Kaya
- Institute
of Acceleration Technologies, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
- Turkish
Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory (TARLA), 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağıl Kaderoğlu
- Turkish
Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory (TARLA), 06830 Ankara, Turkey
- Department
of Physics Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Koçak
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerem Emre Ercan
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ahsan Jalal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arda Turk
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Engin Durgun
- UNAM—National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent
University, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ozensoy
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM—National
Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent
University, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Whaley-Mayda L, Guha A, Tokmakoff A. Resonance conditions, detection quality, and single-molecule sensitivity in fluorescence-encoded infrared vibrational spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174202. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0088435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-encoded Infrared (FEIR) spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopy technique that has recently demonstrated the capability of single-molecule sensitivity in solution without near-field enhancement. This work explores the practical experimental factors that are required for successful FEIR measurements in both the single-molecule and bulk regimes. We investigate the role of resonance conditions by performing measurements on a series of coumarin fluorophores of varying electronic transition frequencies. To analyze variations in signal strength and signal to background between molecules, we introduce an FEIR brightness metric that normalizes out measurement-specific parameters. We find that the effect of the resonance condition on FEIR brightness can be reasonably well described by the electronic absorption spectrum. We discuss strategies for optimizing detection quality and sensitivity in bulk and single-molecule experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhirup Guha
- The University of Chicago, United States of America
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Broadband Near-Field Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging with a Laser-Driven Light Source. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) has become a powerful imaging and nano-spectroscopy tool, which is widely used in the characterization of electronic and photonic devices, two-dimensional materials and biomolecules. However, in the published literature, nano-spectroscopy is mainly employed in the mid-infrared band, and the near-infrared (NIR) nano-spectroscopy with broadband spectral range has not been well discussed. In the present paper, we introduce a home-built near-field NIR spectroscopy and imaging set-up that is based on a laser-driven light source (LDLS). By mapping the Ge-Au periodic grating sample and the photonic topology device, a ~30 nm spatial resolution and the excellent capability of characterizing complex samples are demonstrated. Spectra obtained by experiment reveal the optical band-gap of Ge with a spectral resolution of 25 cm−1, and a spectral range from 900 to 2000 nm. This technology is expected to provide a novel and unique approach for near-field NIR spectroscopy and imaging.
Collapse
|
14
|
New Analytical Approaches for Effective Quantification and Identification of Nanoplastics in Environmental Samples. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are a rapidly developing subject that is relevant in environmental and food research, as well as in human toxicity, among other fields. NPs have recently been recognized as one of the least studied types of marine litter, but potentially one of the most hazardous. Several studies are now being reported on NPs in the environment including surface water and coast, snow, soil and in personal care products. However, the extent of contamination remains largely unknown due to fundamental challenges associated with isolation and analysis, and therefore, a methodological gap exists. This article summarizes the progress in environmental NPs analysis and makes a critical assessment of whether methods from nanoparticles analysis could be adopted to bridge the methodological gap. This review discussed the sample preparation and preconcentration protocol for NPs analysis and also examines the most appropriate approaches available at the moment, ranging from physical to chemical. This study also discusses the difficulties associated with improving existing methods and developing new ones. Although microscopical techniques are one of the most often used ways for imaging and thus quantification, they have the drawback of producing partial findings as they can be easily mixed up as biomolecules. At the moment, the combination of chemical analysis (i.e., spectroscopy) and newly developed alternative methods overcomes this limitation. In general, multiple analytical methods used in combination are likely to be needed to correctly detect and fully quantify NPs in environmental samples.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dönges SA, Cline RP, Zeltmann SE, Nishida J, Metzger B, Minor AM, Eaves JD, Raschke MB. Multidimensional Nano-Imaging of Structure, Coupling, and Disorder in Molecular Materials. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6463-6470. [PMID: 34310158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchy of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions controls the properties of biomedical, photophysical, and novel energy materials. However, multiscale heterogeneities often obfuscate the relationship between microscopic structure and emergent function, and they are generally difficult to access with conventional optical and electron microscopy techniques. Here, we combine vibrational exciton nanoimaging in variable-temperature near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), and vibrational exciton modeling based on density functional theory (DFT), to link local microscopic molecular interactions to macroscopic three-dimensional order. In the application to poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), large spatio-spectral heterogeneities with C-F vibrational energy shifts ranging from sub-cm-1 to ≳25 cm-1 serve as a molecular ruler of the degree of local crystallinity and disorder. Spatio-spectral-structural correlations reveal a previously invisible degree of highly variable local disorder in molecular coupling as the possible missing link between nanoscale morphology and associated electronic, photonic, and other functional properties of molecular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven A Dönges
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - R Peyton Cline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Steven E Zeltmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Bernd Metzger
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Andrew M Minor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley, National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joel D Eaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nano-FTIR spectroscopic identification of prebiotic carbonyl compounds in Dominion Range 08006 carbonaceous chondrite. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11656. [PMID: 34079034 PMCID: PMC8172632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorites contain organic matter that may have contributed to the origin of life on Earth. Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and carboxylic acids, which occur in meteorites, may be precursors of biologically necessary organic materials in the solar system. Therefore, such organic matter is of astrobiological importance and their detection and characterization can contribute to the understanding of the early solar system as well as the origin of life. Most organic matter is typically sub-micrometer in size, and organic nanoglobules are even smaller (50–300 nm). Novel analytical techniques with nanoscale spatial resolution are required to detect and characterize organic matter within extraterrestrial materials. Most techniques require powdered samples, consume the material, and lose petrographic context of organics. Here, we report the detection of nanoglobular aldehyde and carboxylic acids in a highly primitive carbonaceous chondrite (DOM 08006) with ~ 20 nm spatial resolution using nano-FTIR spectroscopy. Such organic matter is found within the matrix of DOM 08006 and is typically 50–300 nm in size. We also show petrographic context and nanoscale morphologic/topographic features of the organic matter. Our results indicate that prebiotic carbonyl nanoglobules can form in a less aqueous and relatively elevated temperature-environment (220–230 °C) in a carbonaceous parent body.
Collapse
|
17
|
Whaley-Mayda L, Guha A, Penwell SB, Tokmakoff A. Fluorescence-Encoded Infrared Vibrational Spectroscopy with Single-Molecule Sensitivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3060-3064. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Whaley-Mayda
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Abhirup Guha
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Samuel B. Penwell
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xue M, Li M, Huang Y, Chen R, Li Y, Wang J, Xing Y, Chen J, Yan H, Xu H, Chen J. Observation and Ultrafast Dynamics of Inter-Sub-Band Transition in InAs Twinning Superlattice Nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004120. [PMID: 32876964 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A variety of infrared applications rely on semiconductor superlattices, including, notably, the realization of high-power, compact quantum cascade lasers. Requirements for atomically smooth interface and limited lattice matching options set high technical standards for fabricating applicable heterostructure devices. The semiconductor twinning superlattice (TSL) forms in a single compound with periodically spaced twin boundaries and sharp interface junctions and can be grown with convenient synthesis methods. Therefore, employing semiconductor TSL may facilitate the development of optoelectronic applications related to superlattice structures. Here, it is shown that InAs TSL nanowires generate inter-sub-band transition channels due to the band projection and the Bragg-like electron reflection. The findings reveal the physical mechanisms of inter-sub-band transitions in TSL structure and suggest that TSL structures are promising candidates for mid-infrared optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Xue
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, P.O. Box 603, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Runkun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, P.O. Box 603, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunliang Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, P.O. Box 603, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yingjie Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongqi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quantum Devices, Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, P.O. Box 603, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pfitzner E, Heberle J. Infrared Scattering-Type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy of Biomembranes in Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8183-8188. [PMID: 32897725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy detects the state and chemical composition of biomolecules solely by their inherent vibrational fingerprints. Major disadvantages like the lack of spatial resolution and sensitivity have lately been overcome by the use of pointed probes as local sensors enabling the detection of quantities as few as hundreds of proteins with nanometer precision. However, the strong absorption of infrared radiation by liquid water still prevents simple access to the measured quantity: the light scattered at the probing atomic force microscope tip. Here we report on the local IR response of biological membranes immersed in aqueous bulk solution. We make use of a silicon solid immersion lens as the substrate and focusing optics to achieve detection efficiencies sufficient to yield IR near-field maps of purple membranes. Finally, we suggest a means to improve the imaging quality by tracing the tip by a laser-scanning approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Pfitzner
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Heberle
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Subsurface chemical nanoidentification by nano-FTIR spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3359. [PMID: 32620874 PMCID: PMC7335173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-FTIR spectroscopy based on Fourier transform infrared near-field spectroscopy allows for label-free chemical nanocharacterization of organic and inorganic composite surfaces. The potential capability for subsurface material analysis, however, is largely unexplored terrain. Here, we demonstrate nano-FTIR spectroscopy of subsurface organic layers, revealing that nano-FTIR spectra from thin surface layers differ from that of subsurface layers of the same organic material. Further, we study the correlation of various nano-FTIR peak characteristics and establish a simple and robust method for distinguishing surface from subsurface layers without the need of theoretical modeling or simulations (provided that chemically induced spectral modifications are not present). Our experimental findings are confirmed and explained by a semi-analytical model for calculating nano-FTIR spectra of multilayered organic samples. Our results are critically important for the interpretation of nano-FTIR spectra of multilayer samples, particularly to avoid that geometry-induced spectral peak shifts are explained by chemical effects. Nano-FTIR spectroscopy allows chemical characterization of composite surfaces, but its capability in subsurface analysis is not much explored. The authors show that spectra from thin surface layers differ from those of subsurface layers of the same organic material, and establish a method for distinguishing them in experiments.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li J, Jahng J, Pang J, Morrison W, Li J, Lee ES, Xu JJ, Chen HY, Xia XH. Tip-Enhanced Infrared Imaging with Sub-10 nm Resolution and Hypersensitivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1697-1701. [PMID: 32039604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate sub-10 nm spatial resolution sampling of a volume of ∼360 molecules with a strong field enhancement at the sample-tip junction by implementing noble metal substrates (Au, Ag, Pt) in photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM). This technique shows the versatility and robustness of PiFM and is promising for application in interfacial studies with hypersensitivity and super spatial resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junghoon Jahng
- Center for Nanocharacterization, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Pang
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - William Morrison
- Molecular Vista Inc., 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Eun Seong Lee
- Center for Nanocharacterization, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang J, Mayyas M, Tang J, Ghasemian MB, Yang H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Ou Q, Li LH, Bao Q, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Boundary-Induced Auxiliary Features in Scattering-Type Near-Field Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1123-1132. [PMID: 31854973 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-polaritons (PhPs) in layered crystals, including hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), have been investigated by combined scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Nevertheless, many of such s-SNOM-based FTIR spectra features remain unexplored, especially those originated from the impact of boundaries. Here we observe real-space PhP propagations in thin-layer hBN sheets either supported or suspended by s-SNOM imaging. Then with a high-power broadband IR laser source, we identify two major peaks and multiple auxiliary peaks in the near-field amplitude spectra, obtained using scattering-type near-field FTIR spectroscopy, from both supported and suspended hBN. The major PhP propagation interference peak moves toward the major in-plane phonon peak when the IR illumination moves away from the hBN edge. Specific differences between the auxiliary peaks in the near-field amplitude spectra from supported and suspended hBN sheets are investigated regarding different boundary conditions, associated with edges and substrate interfaces. The outcomes may be explored in heterostructures for advanced nanophotonic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney Campus, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney Campus, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney Campus, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney Campus, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Honghua Yang
- Bruker Nano , 112 Robin Hill Road , Santa Barbara , California 93117 United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 1-1 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET) , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Waurn Ponds , Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET) , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney Campus, NSW 2052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Autore M, Mester L, Goikoetxea M, Hillenbrand R. Substrate Matters: Surface-Polariton Enhanced Infrared Nanospectroscopy of Molecular Vibrations. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8066-8073. [PMID: 31574225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infrared nanospectroscopy based on Fourier transform infrared near-field spectroscopy (nano-FTIR) is an emerging nanoanalytical tool with large application potential for label-free mapping and identification of organic and inorganic materials with nanoscale spatial resolution. However, the detection of thin molecular layers and nanostructures on standard substrates is still challenged by weak signals. Here, we demonstrate a significant enhancement of nano-FTIR signals of a thin organic layer by exploiting polariton-resonant tip-substrate coupling and surface polariton illumination of the probing tip. When the molecular vibration matches the tip-substrate resonance, we achieve up to nearly one order of magnitude signal enhancement on a phonon-polaritonic quartz (c-SiO2) substrate, as compared to nano-FTIR spectra obtained on metal (Au) substrates, and up to two orders of magnitude when compared to the standard infrared spectroscopy substrate CaF2. Our results will be of critical importance for boosting nano-FTIR spectroscopy toward the routine detection of monolayers and single molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Autore
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Lars Mester
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | | | - R Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Metzger B, Muller E, Nishida J, Pollard B, Hentschel M, Raschke MB. Purcell-Enhanced Spontaneous Emission of Molecular Vibrations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:153001. [PMID: 31702318 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of molecular vibrations provides insight into molecular structure, coupling, and dynamics. However, picosecond scale intermolecular and intramolecular many-body interactions, nonradiative relaxation, absorption, and thermalization typically dominate over IR spontaneous emission. We demonstrate how coupling to a resonant IR antenna can enhance spontaneous emission of molecular vibrations. Using time-domain nanoprobe spectroscopy we observe an up to 50% decrease in vibrational dephasing time T_{2,vib}, based on the coupling-induced population decay with T_{κ}≃550 fs and an associated Purcell factor of >10^{6}. This rate enhancement of the spontaneous emission of antenna-coupled molecular vibrations opens new avenues for IR coherent control, quantum information processing, and quantum chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Metzger
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric Muller
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Benjamin Pollard
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mario Hentschel
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang CT, Jiang B, Zhou YW, Jiang TW, Liu JH, Zhu GD, Cai WB. Exploiting the Surface-Enhanced IR Absorption Effect in the Photothermally Induced Resonance AFM-IR Technique toward Nanoscale Chemical Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10541-10548. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Tzu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Wen Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Casci Ceccacci A, Cagliani A, Marizza P, Schmid S, Boisen A. Thin Film Analysis by Nanomechanical Infrared Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7628-7635. [PMID: 31058251 PMCID: PMC6492230 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a fundamental need for techniques for thin film characterization. The current options for obtaining infrared (IR) spectra typically suffer from low signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs) for sample thicknesses confined to a few nanometers. We present nanomechanical infrared spectroscopy (NAM-IR), which enables the measurement of a complete infrared fingerprint of a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) layer as thin as 20 nm with an SNR of 307. Based on the characterization of the given NAM-IR setup, a minimum film thickness of only 160 pm of PVP can be analyzed with an SNR of 2. Compared to a conventional attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) system, NAM-IR yields an SNR that is 43 times larger for a 20 nm-thick PVP layer and requires only a fraction of the acquisition time. These results pave the way for NAM-IR as a highly sensitive, fast, and practical tool for IR analysis of polymer thin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casci Ceccacci
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alberto Cagliani
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paolo Marizza
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Silvan Schmid
- Institute
of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical
University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Z, Zhang Z, Chen K. Indium⁻Tin⁻Oxide Nanostructures for Plasmon-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy: A Numerical Study. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040241. [PMID: 30979000 PMCID: PMC6523928 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoantennas can significantly enhance the light–matter interactions at the nanoscale, and as a result have been used in a variety of applications such as sensing molecular vibrations in the infrared range. Indium–tin–oxide (ITO) shows metallic behavior in the infrared range, and can be used for alternative plasmonic materials. In this work, we numerically studied the optical properties of hexagonal ITO nanodisk and nanohole arrays in the mid-infrared. Field enhancement up to 10 times is observed in the simulated ITO nanostructures. Furthermore, we demonstrated the sensing of the surface phonon polariton from a 2-nm thick SiO2 layer under the ITO disk arrays. Such periodic arrays can be readily fabricated by colloidal lithography and dry etching techniques; thus, the results shown here can help design efficient ITO nanostructures for plasmonic infrared applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbo Li
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kenkel S, Mittal A, Mittal S, Bhargava R. Probe-Sample Interaction-Independent Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy: Toward Robust Nanoscale Compositional Mapping. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8845-8855. [PMID: 29939013 PMCID: PMC6361725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale topological imaging using atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with infrared (IR) spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a rapidly emerging modality to record correlated structural and chemical images. Although the expectation is that the spectral data faithfully represents the underlying chemical composition, the sample mechanical properties affect the recorded data (known as the probe-sample-interaction effect). Although experts in the field are aware of this effect, the contribution is not fully understood. Further, when the sample properties are not well-known or when AFM-IR experiments are conducted by nonexperts, there is a chance that these nonmolecular properties may affect analytical measurements in an uncertain manner. Techniques such as resonance-enhanced imaging and normalization of the IR signal using ratios might improve fidelity of recorded data, but they are not universally effective. Here, we provide a fully analytical model that relates cantilever response to the local sample expansion which opens several avenues. We demonstrate a new method for removing probe-sample-interaction effects in AFM-IR images by measuring the cantilever responsivity using a mechanically induced, out-of-plane sample vibration. This method is then applied to model polymers and mammary epithelial cells to show improvements in sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability for measuring soft matter when compared to the current state of the art (resonance-enhanced operation). Understanding of the sample-dependent cantilever responsivity is an essential addition to AFM-IR imaging if the identification of chemical features at nanoscale resolutions is to be realized for arbitrary samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kenkel
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Anirudh Mittal
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Shachi Mittal
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Bioengineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Choi B, Jeong G, Kim ZH. Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging at Nanometer Scale. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boogeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Gyouil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Zee Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yong YC, Wang YZ, Zhong JJ. Nano-spectroscopic imaging of proteins with near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 54:106-113. [PMID: 29567580 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the hierarchical structure of proteins at their fundamental length scales is essential to get insights into their functions and roles in fundamental biological processes. Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), which overcomes the diffraction limits of conventional optics, provides a powerful analytical tool to image target proteins at nanoscale resolution. Especially, by combining NSOM with infrared (IR) or Raman spectroscopy, near-field nanospectroscopic imaging of a single protein is achieved. In this review, we present the recent technical progress of NSOM setup for nanospectroscopic imaging of proteins, and its application to nanospectroscopic analysis of protein structures is highlighted and critically reviewed. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on application of NSOM in emerging areas of industrial, environmental and medical biotechnology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yan-Zhai Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering & Advanced Fermentation Technology, Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Giliberti V, Badioli M, Nucara A, Calvani P, Ritter E, Puskar L, Aziz EF, Hegemann P, Schade U, Ortolani M, Baldassarre L. Heterogeneity of the Transmembrane Protein Conformation in Purple Membranes Identified by Infrared Nanospectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701181. [PMID: 28960799 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are intrinsically heterogeneous, as the local protein and lipid distribution is critical to physiological processes. Even in template systems embedding a single protein type, like purple membranes, there can be a different local response to external stimuli or environmental factors, resulting in heterogeneous conformational changes. Despite the dramatic advances of microspectroscopy techniques, the identification of the conformation heterogeneity is still a challenging task. Tip-enhanced infrared nanospectroscopy is here used to identify conformational changes connected to the hydration state of the transmembrane proteins contained in a 50 nm diameter cell membrane area, without the need for fluorescent labels. In dried purple membrane monolayers, areas with fully hydrated proteins are found among large numbers of molecules with randomly distributed hydration states. Infrared nanospectroscopy results are compared to the spectra obtained with diffraction-limited infrared techniques based on the use of synchrotron radiation, in which the diffraction limit still prevents the observation of nanoscale heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Giliberti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life NanoScience, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Badioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Nucara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Calvani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Eglof Ritter
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ljiljana Puskar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emad Flear Aziz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schade
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Ortolani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Leonetta Baldassarre
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life NanoScience, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen C, Wang G, Peng L, Zhang K. Highly improved, non-localized field enhancement enabled by hybrid plasmon of crescent resonator/graphene in infrared wavelength. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:23302-23311. [PMID: 29041631 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.023302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of surface enhanced infrared absorption has been constrained by the limited field enhancement and narrow-band resonance of commonly used metal resonators. In this theoretical work, the design of a crescent resonator (CR) combined with graphene-enabled plasmon tuning is proposed to settle the drawbacks. The CR is similar to a split ring resonator (SRR), but exhibits a much improved field enhancement. The influence of graphene on the field enhancement of the CR has been systematically investigated. Coupling from localized plasmon of CR to propagating plasmon of graphene has been observed, and the constructive interference of the plasmon wave has led to not only better enhancement inside the gap but also usable enhancements all over the graphene film, which go beyond the localized nature of metal plasmons.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hermann P, Kästner B, Hoehl A, Kashcheyevs V, Patoka P, Ulrich G, Feikes J, Ries M, Tydecks T, Beckhoff B, Rühl E, Ulm G. Enhancing the sensitivity of nano-FTIR spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:16574-16588. [PMID: 28789160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.016574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation-based nano-FTIR spectroscopy utilizes the highly brilliant and ultra-broadband infrared (IR) radiation provided by electron storage rings for the infrared spectroscopic characterization of samples at the nanoscale. In order to exploit the full potential of this approach we investigated the influence of the properties of the radiation source, such as the electron bunch shape and spectral bandwidth of the emitted radiation, on near-field infrared spectra of silicon-carbide (SiC). The adapted configuration of the storage ring optics enables a modification of the transverse electron bunch profile allowing an increase of the measured near-field signal amplitude. Additionally, the decay of the signal amplitude due to the decreasing storage ring current is also eliminated. Further options for improving the sensitivity of nano-FTIR spectroscopy, which can also be applied to other broadband radiation sources, are the adaption of the spectral bandwidth to the wavelength range of interest or the use of polarization optics. The sensitivity enhancement emerging from these options is verified by comparing near-field spectra collected from crystalline SiC samples. The improvement in sensitivity by combining these approaches is demonstrated by acquiring nano-FTIR spectra from thin organic films, which show weak resonances in the IR-regime.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jin M, Lu F, Belkin MA. High-sensitivity infrared vibrational nanospectroscopy in water. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17096. [PMID: 30167276 PMCID: PMC6062223 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Mikhail A Belkin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neubrech F, Huck C, Weber K, Pucci A, Giessen H. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy Using Resonant Nanoantennas. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5110-5145. [PMID: 28358482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool widely used in research and industry for a label-free and unambiguous identification of molecular species. Inconveniently, its application to spectroscopic analysis of minute amounts of materials, for example, in sensing applications, is hampered by the low infrared absorption cross-sections. Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy using resonant metal nanoantennas, or short "resonant SEIRA", overcomes this limitation. Resonantly excited, such metal nanostructures feature collective oscillations of electrons (plasmons), providing huge electromagnetic fields on the nanometer scale. Infrared vibrations of molecules located in these fields are enhanced by orders of magnitude enabling a spectroscopic characterization with unprecedented sensitivity. In this Review, we introduce the concept of resonant SEIRA and discuss the underlying physics, particularly, the resonant coupling between molecular and antenna excitations as well as the spatial extent of the enhancement and its scaling with frequency. On the basis of these fundamentals, different routes to maximize the SEIRA enhancement are reviewed including the choice of nanostructures geometries, arrangements, and materials. Furthermore, first applications such as the detection of proteins, the monitoring of dynamic processes, and hyperspectral infrared chemical imaging are discussed, demonstrating the sensitivity and broad applicability of resonant SEIRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Neubrech
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.,Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christian Huck
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ksenia Weber
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of organic samples based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14402. [PMID: 28198384 PMCID: PMC5316859 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared nanospectroscopy enables novel possibilities for chemical and structural analysis of nanocomposites, biomaterials or optoelectronic devices. Here we introduce hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging based on Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy with a tunable bandwidth-limited laser continuum. We describe the technical implementations and present hyperspectral infrared near-field images of about 5,000 pixel, each one covering the spectral range from 1,000 to 1,900 cm−1. To verify the technique and to demonstrate its application potential, we imaged a three-component polymer blend and a melanin granule in a human hair cross-section, and demonstrate that multivariate data analysis can be applied for extracting spatially resolved chemical information. Particularly, we demonstrate that distribution and chemical interaction between the polymer components can be mapped with a spatial resolution of about 30 nm. We foresee wide application potential of hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging for valuable chemical materials characterization and quality control in various fields ranging from materials sciences to biomedicine. In hyperspectral imaging a broadband spectrum is recorded at each pixel, which creates information-rich images. Here, the authors combine this concept with Fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy to achieve 5,000-pixel, nanoscale-resolution images at wavelengths between 5 and 10 micrometres.
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu M, Sternbach AJ, Basov DN. Nanoscale electrodynamics of strongly correlated quantum materials. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:014501. [PMID: 27811387 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electronic, magnetic, and structural phase inhomogeneities are ubiquitous in strongly correlated quantum materials. The characteristic length scales of the phase inhomogeneities can range from atomic to mesoscopic, depending on their microscopic origins as well as various sample dependent factors. Therefore, progress with the understanding of correlated phenomena critically depends on the experimental techniques suitable to provide appropriate spatial resolution. This requirement is difficult to meet for some of the most informative methods in condensed matter physics, including infrared and optical spectroscopy. Yet, recent developments in near-field optics and imaging enabled a detailed characterization of the electromagnetic response with a spatial resolution down to 10 nm. Thus it is now feasible to exploit at the nanoscale well-established capabilities of optical methods for characterization of electronic processes and lattice dynamics in diverse classes of correlated quantum systems. This review offers a concise description of the state-of-the-art near-field techniques applied to prototypical correlated quantum materials. We also discuss complementary microscopic and spectroscopic methods which reveal important mesoscopic dynamics of quantum materials at different energy scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Stan G, Gates RS, Hu Q, Kjoller K, Prater C, Jit Singh K, Mays E, King SW. Relationships between chemical structure, mechanical properties and materials processing in nanopatterned organosilicate fins. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:863-871. [PMID: 28503397 PMCID: PMC5405686 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of nanoscale size effects to create new nanostructured materials necessitates the development of an understanding of relationships between molecular structure, physical properties and material processing at the nanoscale. Numerous metrologies capable of thermal, mechanical, and electrical characterization at the nanoscale have been demonstrated over the past two decades. However, the ability to perform nanoscale molecular/chemical structure characterization has only been recently demonstrated with the advent of atomic-force-microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and related techniques. Therefore, we have combined measurements of chemical structures with AFM-IR and of mechanical properties with contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) to investigate the fabrication of 20-500 nm wide fin structures in a nanoporous organosilicate material. We show that by combining these two techniques, one can clearly observe variations of chemical structure and mechanical properties that correlate with the fabrication process and the feature size of the organosilicate fins. Specifically, we have observed an inverse correlation between the concentration of terminal organic groups and the stiffness of nanopatterned organosilicate fins. The selective removal of the organic component during etching results in a stiffness increase and reinsertion via chemical silylation results in a stiffness decrease. Examination of this effect as a function of fin width indicates that the loss of terminal organic groups and stiffness increase occur primarily at the exposed surfaces of the fins over a length scale of 10-20 nm. While the observed structure-property relationships are specific to organosilicates, we believe the combined demonstration of AFM-IR with CR-AFM should pave the way for a similar nanoscale characterization of other materials where the understanding of such relationships is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Stan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Richard S Gates
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Qichi Hu
- Anasys Instruments Incorporated, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Kevin Kjoller
- Anasys Instruments Incorporated, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Craig Prater
- Anasys Instruments Incorporated, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | | | - Ebony Mays
- Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, 5200 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro OR 97124, USA
| | - Sean W King
- Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, 5200 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro OR 97124, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Morhart TA, Quirk A, Lardner MJ, May TE, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Femtomole Infrared Spectroscopy at the Electrified Metal–Solution Interface. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9351-9354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Morhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Amanda Quirk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Michael J. Lardner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Tim E. May
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | | | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen K, Razinskas G, Feichtner T, Grossmann S, Christiansen S, Hecht B. Electromechanically Tunable Suspended Optical Nanoantenna. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2680-2685. [PMID: 27002492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coupling mechanical degrees of freedom with plasmonic resonances has potential applications in optomechanics, sensing, and active plasmonics. Here we demonstrate a suspended two-wire plasmonic nanoantenna acting like a nanoelectrometer. The antenna wires are supported and electrically connected via thin leads without disturbing the antenna resonance. As a voltage is applied, equal charges are induced on both antenna wires. The resulting equilibrium between the repulsive Coulomb force and the restoring elastic bending force enables us to precisely control the gap size. As a result the resonance wavelength and the field enhancement of the suspended optical nanoantenna can be reversibly tuned. Our experiments highlight the potential to realize large bandwidth optical nanoelectromechanical systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074, Germany
| | - Gary Razinskas
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074, Germany
| | - Thorsten Feichtner
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074, Germany
- Christiansen Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute Nano-Architectures for Energy Conversion, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Swen Grossmann
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074, Germany
| | - Silke Christiansen
- Christiansen Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute Nano-Architectures for Energy Conversion, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Hecht
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Donaldson PM, Kelley CS, Frogley MD, Filik J, Wehbe K, Cinque G. Broadband near-field infrared spectromicroscopy using photothermal probes and synchrotron radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:1852-1864. [PMID: 26906764 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the use of infrared synchrotron radiation (IR-SR) as a broadband source for photothermal near-field infrared spectroscopy. We assess two methods of signal transduction; cantilever resonant thermal expansion and scanning thermal microscopy. By means of rapid mechanical chopping (50-150 kHz), we modulate the IR-SR at rates matching the contact resonance frequencies of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers, allowing us to record interferograms yielding Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) photothermal absorption spectra of polystyrene and cyanoacrylate films. Complementary offline measurements using a mechanically chopped CW IR laser confirmed that the resonant thermal expansion IR-SR measurements were below the diffraction limit, with a spatial resolution better than 500 nm achieved at a wavelength of 6 μm, i.e. λ/12 for the samples studied. Despite achieving the highest signal to noise so far for a scanning thermal microscopy measurement under conditions approaching near-field (dictated by thermal diffusion), the IR-SR resonant photothermal expansion FT-IR spectra measured were significantly higher in signal to noise in comparison with the scanning thermal data.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gruenke NL, Cardinal MF, McAnally MO, Frontiera RR, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP. Ultrafast and nonlinear surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2263-90. [PMID: 26848784 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the potential to study molecular dynamics near plasmonic surfaces to better understand plasmon-mediated chemical reactions such as plasmonically-enhanced photocatalytic or photovoltaic processes. This review discusses the combination of ultrafast Raman spectroscopic techniques with plasmonic substrates for high temporal resolution, high sensitivity, and high spatial resolution vibrational spectroscopy. First, we introduce background information relevant to ultrafast SERS: the mechanisms of surface enhancement in Raman scattering, the characterization of plasmonic materials with ultrafast techniques, and early complementary techniques to study molecule-plasmon interactions. We then discuss recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopies with ultrafast pulses with a focus on the study of molecule-plasmon coupling and molecular dynamics with high sensitivity. We also highlight the challenges faced by this field by the potential damage caused by concentrated, highly energetic pulsed fields in plasmonic hotspots, and finally the potential for future ultrafast SERS studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Gruenke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy with reconstruction of vertical interaction. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8973. [PMID: 26592949 PMCID: PMC4673874 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy provides access to super-resolution spectroscopic imaging of the surfaces of a variety of materials and nanostructures. In addition to chemical identification, it enables observations of nano-optical phenomena, such as mid-infrared plasmons in graphene and phonon polaritons in boron nitride. Despite the high lateral spatial resolution, scattering-type near-field optical microscopy is not able to provide characteristics of near-field responses in the vertical dimension, normal to the sample surface. Here, we present an accurate and fast reconstruction method to obtain vertical characteristics of near-field interactions. For its first application, we investigated the bound electromagnetic field component of surface phonon polaritons on the surface of boron nitride nanotubes and found that it decays within 20 nm with a considerable phase change in the near-field signal. The method is expected to provide characterization of the vertical field distribution of a wide range of nano-optical materials and structures. Conventionally, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy does not provide information on the vertical characteristic of near-field responses. Here, Xu et al. develop a method to reconstruct the vertical interaction response between the tip and the sample using this near-field technique.
Collapse
|
45
|
Atkin JM, Sass PM, Teichen PE, Eaves JD, Raschke MB. Nanoscale probing of dynamics in local molecular environments. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4616-4621. [PMID: 26528865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy can provide information about structure, coupling, and dynamics underlying the properties of complex molecular systems. While measurements of spectral line broadening can probe local chemical environments, the spatial averaging in conventional spectroscopies limits insight into underlying heterogeneity, in particular in disordered molecular solids. Here, using femtosecond infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM), we resolve in vibrational free-induction decay (FID) measurements a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a dense molecular model system. In nanoscopic probe volumes as small as 10(3) vibrational oscillators, we approach the homogeneous response limit, with extended vibrational dephasing times of several picoseconds, that is, up to 10 times the inhomogeneous lifetime, and spatial average converging to the bulk ensemble response. We simulate the dynamics of relaxation with a finite set of local vibrational transitions subject to random modulations in frequency. The combined results suggest that the observed heterogeneity arises due to static and dynamic variations in the local molecular environment. This approach thus provides real-space and real-time visualization of the subensemble dynamics that define the properties of many functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Atkin
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Paul M Sass
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Paul E Teichen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel D Eaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuschewski F, Kehr SC, Green B, Bauer C, Gensch M, Eng LM. Optical nanoscopy of transient states in condensed matter. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26215769 PMCID: PMC4648477 DOI: 10.1038/srep12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the fundamental and nanoscale understanding of complex phenomena in materials research and the life sciences, witnessed considerable progress. However, elucidating the underlying mechanisms, governed by entangled degrees of freedom such as lattice, spin, orbit, and charge for solids or conformation, electric potentials, and ligands for proteins, has remained challenging. Techniques that allow for distinguishing between different contributions to these processes are hence urgently required. In this paper we demonstrate the application of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) as a novel type of nano-probe for tracking transient states of matter. We introduce a sideband-demodulation technique that allows for probing exclusively the stimuli-induced change of near-field optical properties. We exemplify this development by inspecting the decay of an electron-hole plasma generated in SiGe thin films through near-infrared laser pulses. Our approach can universally be applied to optically track ultrafast/-slow processes over the whole spectral range from UV to THz frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Kuschewski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S C Kehr
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Green
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ch Bauer
- 1] Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany [2] Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gensch
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - L M Eng
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Steinle T, Neubrech F, Steinmann A, Yin X, Giessen H. Mid-infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy with a high-brilliance tunable laser source: investigating sample areas down to 5 μm diameter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:11105-13. [PMID: 25969206 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.011105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate highly sensitive infrared spectroscopy of sample volumes close to the diffraction limit by coupling a femtosecond fiber-feedback optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to a conventional Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The high brilliance and long-term stable infrared radiation with 1e(2)-bandwidths up to 125 nm is easily tunable between 1.4 μm and 4.2 μm at 43 MHz repetition rate and thus enables rapid and low-noise infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrate this by measuring typical molecular vibrations in the range of 3 μm. Combined with surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy, where the confined electromagnetic near-fields of resonantly excited metal nanoparticles are employed to enhance molecular vibrations, we realize the spectroscopic detection of a molecular monolayer of octadecanethiol. In comparison to conventional light sources and synchrotron radiation, our compact table-top OPO system features a significantly improved performance making it highly suitable for rapid analysis of minute amounts of molecular species in life science and medicine laboratories.
Collapse
|
48
|
Muller EA, Pollard B, Raschke MB. Infrared Chemical Nano-Imaging: Accessing Structure, Coupling, and Dynamics on Molecular Length Scales. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1275-84. [PMID: 26262987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective highlights recent advances in infrared vibrational chemical nano-imaging. In its implementations of scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), IR nanospectroscopy provides few-nanometer spatial resolution for the investigation of polymer, biomaterial, and related soft-matter surfaces and nanostructures. Broad-band IR s-SNOM with coherent laser and synchrotron sources allows for chemical recognition with small-ensemble sensitivity and the potential for sensitivity reaching the single-molecule limit. Probing selected vibrational marker resonances, it gives access to nanoscale chemical imaging of composition, domain morphologies, order/disorder, molecular orientation, or crystallographic phases. Local intra- and intermolecular coupling can be measured through frequency shifts of a vibrational marker in heterogeneous environments and associated inhomogeneities in vibrational dephasing. In combination with ultrafast spectroscopy, the vibrational coherent evolution of homogeneous sub-ensembles coupled to their environment can be observed. Outstanding challenges are discussed in terms of extensions to coherent and multidimensional spectroscopies, implementation in liquid and in situ environments, general sample limitations, and engineering s-SNOM scanning probes to better control the nano-localized optical excitation and to increase sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Muller
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin Pollard
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Katzenmeyer AM, Holland G, Kjoller K, Centrone A. Absorption Spectroscopy and Imaging from the Visible through Mid-Infrared with 20 nm Resolution. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3154-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504672t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Katzenmeyer
- Center
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Glenn Holland
- Center
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kevin Kjoller
- Anasys Instruments,
Inc., 325 Chapala Street, Santa Barbara, California 93101, United States
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Center
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Centrone A. Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopy Beyond the Diffraction Limit. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:101-26. [PMID: 26001952 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Progress in nanotechnology is enabled by and dependent on the availability of measurement methods with spatial resolution commensurate with nanomaterials' length scales. Chemical imaging techniques, such as scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), have provided scientists with means of extracting rich chemical and structural information with nanoscale resolution. This review presents some basics of infrared spectroscopy and microscopy, followed by detailed descriptions of s-SNOM and PTIR working principles. Nanoscale spectra are compared with far-field macroscale spectra, which are widely used for chemical identification. Selected examples illustrate either technical aspects of the measurements or applications in materials science. Central to this review is the ability to record nanoscale infrared spectra because, although chemical maps enable immediate visualization, the spectra provide information to interpret the images and characterize the sample. The growing breadth of nanomaterials and biological applications suggest rapid growth for this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Centrone
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899;
| |
Collapse
|