1
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Millington O, Montanaro S, Sharma A, Dowland SA, Winkel J, Grüne J, Leventis A, Bennett T, Shaikh J, Greenham N, Rao A, Bronstein H. The Interplay of Strongly and Weakly Exchange-Coupled Triplet Pairs in Intramolecular Singlet Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39417990 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) nominally enable the interconversion of higher-energy singlet states with two lower-energy triplet states and vice versa, with both processes having envisaged application for enhanced solar power devices. The mechanism of SF/TTA-UC involves a complex array of different multiexcitonic triplet-pair states that are coupled by the exchange interaction to varying extents. In this work a family of bounded intramolecular SF materials, based upon the chromophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, were designed and synthesized. Their SF behavior was characterized using fluorescence lifetime, transient absorption, and magnetic field dependence studies. The capacity for the formation of weakly exchange-coupled triplet pairs, and subsequent spin-evolution, is shown to be strongly dependent upon the combined factors of oligomer size and geometry. By contextualizing these results with the wider SF literature, we present a general schematic model for SF/TTA-UC of greater completeness than portrayed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Millington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
| | | | - Ashish Sharma
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Simon A Dowland
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Jurjen Winkel
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Jeannine Grüne
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Anastasia Leventis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Troy Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Jordan Shaikh
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Neil Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K
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2
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Kim J, Bain DC, Ding V, Majumder K, Windemuller D, Feng J, Wu J, Patil S, Anthony J, Kim W, Musser AJ. Coherent photoexcitation of entangled triplet pair states. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1680-1686. [PMID: 38898214 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The functional properties of organic semiconductors are defined by the interplay between optically bright and dark states. Organic devices require rapid conversion between these bright and dark manifolds for maximum efficiency, and one way to achieve this is through multiexciton generation (S1→1TT). The dark state 1TT is typically generated from bright S1 after optical excitation; however, the mechanistic details are hotly debated. Here we report a 1TT generation pathway in which it can be coherently photoexcited, without any involvement of bright S1. Using <10-fs transient absorption spectroscopy and pumping sub-resonantly, 1TT is directly generated from the ground state. Applying this method to a range of pentacene dimers and thin films of various aggregation types, we determine the critical material properties that enable this forbidden pathway. Through a strikingly simple technique, this result opens the door for new mechanistic insights into 1TT and other dark states in organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David C Bain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kanad Majumder
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, Republic of India
| | - Dean Windemuller
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, Republic of India
| | - John Anthony
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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3
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Ali H, Liu M, Ali S, Ali A, Ismail PM, Ullah R, Ali S, Raziq F, Bououdina M, Hayat S, Ali U, Zhou Y, Wu X, Zhong L, Zhu L, Xiao H, Xia P, Qiao L. Constructing copper Phthalocyanine/Molybdenum disulfide (CuPc/MoS 2) S-scheme heterojunction with S-rich vacancies for enhanced Visible-Light photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:500-509. [PMID: 38547631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Constructing a heterojunction by combining two semiconductors with similar band structures is a successful approach to obtaining photocatalysts with high efficiency. Herein, a CuPc/DR-MoS2 heterojunction involving copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and molybdenum disulfide with S-rich vacancies (13.66%) is successfully prepared by the facile hydrothermal method. Experimental results and theoretical calculations firmly demonstrated that photoelectrons exhibit an S-scheme charge transfer mechanism in the CuPc/DR-MoS2 heterojunction. The S-scheme heterojunction system has proven significant advantages in promoting the charge separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, enhancing visible-light responsiveness, and achieving robust photoredox capability. As a result, the optimized 3CuPc/DR-MoS2 S-scheme heterojunction exhibits photocatalytic yields of CO and CH4 at 200 and 111.6 μmol g-1h-1, respectively. These values are four times and 4.5 times greater than the photocatalytic yields of pure DR-MoS2. This study offers novel perspectives on the advancement of innovative and highly effective heterojunction photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Ali
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China; School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Min Liu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Sharafat Ali
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Pir Muhammad Ismail
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Energy, Water, and Environment Research Lab, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fazal Raziq
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Energy, Water, and Environment Research Lab, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hayat
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Usman Ali
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Li Zhong
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Linyu Zhu
- Department of Material and Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China; School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Pengfei Xia
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China; School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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4
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Wang X, Gao S, Luo Y, Liu X, Tom R, Zhao K, Chang V, Marom N. Computational Discovery of Intermolecular Singlet Fission Materials Using Many-Body Perturbation Theory. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:7841-7864. [PMID: 38774154 PMCID: PMC11103713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Intermolecular singlet fission (SF) is the conversion of a photogenerated singlet exciton into two triplet excitons residing on different molecules. SF has the potential to enhance the conversion efficiency of solar cells by harvesting two charge carriers from one high-energy photon, whose surplus energy would otherwise be lost to heat. The development of commercial SF-augmented modules is hindered by the limited selection of molecular crystals that exhibit intermolecular SF in the solid state. Computational exploration may accelerate the discovery of new SF materials. The GW approximation and Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW+BSE) within the framework of many-body perturbation theory is the current state-of-the-art method for calculating the excited-state properties of molecular crystals with periodic boundary conditions. In this Review, we discuss the usage of GW+BSE to assess candidate SF materials as well as its combination with low-cost physical or machine learned models in materials discovery workflows. We demonstrate three successful strategies for the discovery of new SF materials: (i) functionalization of known materials to tune their properties, (ii) finding potential polymorphs with improved crystal packing, and (iii) exploring new classes of materials. In addition, three new candidate SF materials are proposed here, which have not been published previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- School
of Foundational Education, University of
Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China
- Qingdao
Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of
Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Gao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yiqun Luo
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rithwik Tom
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kaiji Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Vincent Chang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Noa Marom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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5
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de Clercq DM, Collins MI, Sloane NP, Feng J, McCamey DR, Tayebjee MJY, Nielsen MP, Schmidt TW. Singlet fission in TIPS-anthracene thin films. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6402-6409. [PMID: 38699250 PMCID: PMC11062091 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06774b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission is an exciton multiplication process that allows for the conversion of one singlet exciton into two triplet excitons. Organic semiconductors, such as acenes and their soluble bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS) substituted counterparts, have played a major role in elucidating the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of singlet fission. Despite this, one prominent member of the acene family that has received little experimental attention to date is TIPS-anthracene, even with computational studies suggesting potential high singlet fission yields in the solid state. Here, time-resolved spectroscopic and magneto-photoluminescence measurements were performed on spin-cast films of TIPS-anthracene, showing evidence for singlet fission. A singlet fission yield of 19% (out of 200%) is estimated from transient absorption spectroscopy. Kinetic modeling of the magnetic field effect on photoluminescence suggests that fast rates of triplet dissociation lead to a low magnetic photoluminescence effect and that non-radiative decay of both the S1 and 1(TT) states is the cause for the low triplet yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon M de Clercq
- School of Chemistry, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Miles I Collins
- School of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nicholas P Sloane
- School of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jiale Feng
- School of Chemistry, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Dane R McCamey
- School of Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Murad J Y Tayebjee
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Michael P Nielsen
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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6
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Greißel PM, Schroeder ZW, Thiel D, Ferguson MJ, Clark T, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Controlling Interchromophore Coupling in Diamantane-Linked Pentacene Dimers To Create a "Binary" Pair. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10875-10888. [PMID: 38579119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Two isomeric pentacene dimers, each linked by a diamantane spacer, have been synthesized. These dimers are designed to provide experimental evidence to support quantum mechanical calculations, which predict the substitution pattern on the carbon-rich diethynyldiamantane spacer to be decisive in controlling the interpentacene coupling. Intramolecular singlet fission (i-SF) serves as a probe for the existence and strength of the electronic coupling between the two pentacenes, with transient absorption spectroscopy as the method of choice to characterize i-SF. 4,9-Substitution of diamantane provides a pentacene dimer (4,9-dimer) in which the two chromophores are completely decoupled and that, following photoexcitation, deactivates to the ground state analogous to a monomeric pentacene chromophore. Conversely, 1,6-substitution provides a pentacene dimer (1,6-dimer) that exhibits sufficiently strong coupling to drive i-SF, resulting in correlated triplet M(T1T1) yields close to unity and free triplet (T1 + T1) yields of ca. 50%. Thus, the diamantane spacer effectively switches "on" or "off" the coupling between the chromophores, based on the substitution pattern. The binary control of diamantane contrasts other known molecular spacers designed only to modulate the coupling strength between two pentacenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Greißel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zachary W Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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7
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Bo Y, Hou Y, Thiel D, Weiß R, Clark T, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Tetracene Dimers: A Platform for Intramolecular Down- and Up-conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18260-18275. [PMID: 37531628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Photon energy conversion can be accomplished in many different ways, including the two opposing manners, down-conversion (i.e., singlet fission, SF) and up-conversion (i.e., triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion, TTA-UC). Both processes have the potential to help overcome the detailed balance limit of single-junction solar cells. Tetracene, in which the energies of the lowest singlet excited state and twice the triplet excited state are comparable, exhibits both down- and up-conversion. Here, we have designed meta-diethynylphenylene- and 1,3-diethynyladamantyl-linked tetracene dimers, which feature different electronic coupling, to characterize the interplay between intramolecular SF (intra-SF) and intramolecular TTA-UC (intra-TTA-UC) via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have used Pd-phthalocyanine as a sensitizer to enable intra-TTA-UC in the two dimers via indirect photoexcitation in the near-infrared part of the solar spectrum. The work is rounded off by temperature-dependent measurements, which outline key aspects of how thermal effects impact intra-SF and intra-TTA-UC in different dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Weiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Wakikawa Y, Ikoma T. Radio-wave Effect on Singlet Fission in Polycrystalline Tetracene near Zero Magnetic Field. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3907-3911. [PMID: 37073997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A triplet-triplet pair is a key intermediate in singlet fission (SF), which has the potential to overcome the theoretical limit of solar cell efficiency. Here, we report a new spectroscopy to directly detect a short-lived triplet-triplet pair via the effects of radio-wave (RF) irradiation near zero magnetic field at room temperature. The fluorescence of polycrystalline powder of tetracene is reduced by RF irradiation at zero field, which is caused by a quasi-static RF field effect on spin mixing and electron-spin resonance among zero-field-splitting sublevels of the triplet-triplet pair. The curve for the quasi-static RF field effect can be reproduced numerically from that for the observed magnetophotoluminescence (MPL) effect. The simultaneous simulation of the RF and MPL effects using the density matrix formalism estimates rate constants of 1.2 × 108 and 6.0 × 108 s-1 for the fusion and dissociation, respectively, of the triplet-triplet pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Wakikawa
- Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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9
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Bai Y, Ni W, Sun K, Chen L, Ma L, Zhao Y, Gurzadyan GG, Gelin MF. Plenty of Room on the Top: Pathways and Spectroscopic Signatures of Singlet Fission from Upper Singlet States. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11086-11094. [PMID: 36417755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate dynamic signatures of the singlet fission (SF) process triggered by the excitation of a molecular system to an upper singlet state SN (N > 1) and develop a computational methodology for the simulation of nonlinear spectroscopic signals revealing the SN → TT1 SF in real time. We demonstrate that SF can proceed directly from the upper state SN, bypassing the lowest excited state, S1. We determine the main SN → TT1 reaction pathways and show by computer simulation and spectroscopic measurements that the SN-initiated SF can be faster and more efficient than the traditionally studied S1 → TT1 SF. We claim that the SN → TT1 SF offers novel promising opportunities for engineering SF systems and enhancing SF yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Bai
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | | | - Lin Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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10
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Shushin A. Manifestation of geminate and bimolecular stages of triplet-exciton annihilation in the kinetics of singlet fission in organic semiconductors. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Symmetry Breaking Charge Transfer in DNA-Templated Perylene Dimer Aggregates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196612. [PMID: 36235149 PMCID: PMC9571668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular aggregates are of interest to a broad range of fields including light harvesting, organic optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing. In molecular aggregates, nonradiative decay pathways may emerge that were not present in the constituent molecules. Such nonradiative decay pathways may include singlet fission, excimer relaxation, and symmetry-breaking charge transfer. Singlet fission, sometimes referred to as excitation multiplication, is of great interest to the fields of energy conversion and quantum information. For example, endothermic singlet fission, which avoids energy loss, has been observed in covalently bound, linear perylene trimers and tetramers. In this work, the electronic structure and excited-state dynamics of dimers of a perylene derivative templated using DNA were investigated. Specifically, DNA Holliday junctions were used to template the aggregation of two perylene molecules covalently linked to a modified uracil nucleobase through an ethynyl group. The perylenes were templated in the form of monomer, transverse dimer, and adjacent dimer configurations. The electronic structure of the perylene monomers and dimers were characterized via steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Initial insights into their excited-state dynamics were gleaned from relative fluorescence intensity measurements, which indicated that a new nonradiative decay pathway emerges in the dimers. Femtosecond visible transient absorption spectroscopy was subsequently used to elucidate the excited-state dynamics. A new excited-state absorption feature grows in on the tens of picosecond timescale in the dimers, which is attributed to the formation of perylene anions and cations resulting from symmetry-breaking charge transfer. Given the close proximity required for symmetry-breaking charge transfer, the results shed promising light on the prospect of singlet fission in DNA-templated molecular aggregates.
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12
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DuBose JT, Kamat PV. Energy Versus Electron Transfer: Managing Excited-State Interactions in Perovskite Nanocrystal-Molecular Hybrids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12475-12494. [PMID: 35793168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy and electron transfer processes in light harvesting assemblies dictate the outcome of the overall light energy conversion process. Halide perovskite nanocrystals such as CsPbBr3 with relatively high emission yield and strong light absorption can transfer singlet and triplet energy to surface-bound acceptor molecules. They can also induce photocatalytic reduction and oxidation by selectively transferring electrons and holes across the nanocrystal interface. This perspective discusses key factors dictating these excited-state pathways in perovskite nanocrystals and the fundamental differences between energy and electron transfer processes. Spectroscopic methods to decipher between these complex photoinduced pathways are presented. A basic understanding of the fundamental differences between the two excited deactivation processes (charge and energy transfer) and ways to modulate them should enable design of more efficient light harvesting assemblies with semiconductor and molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T DuBose
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Prashant V Kamat
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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13
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Papadopoulos I, Gutiérrez-Moreno D, Bo Y, Casillas R, Greißel PM, Clark T, Fernández-Lázaro F, Guldi DM. Altering singlet fission pathways in perylene-dimers; perylene-diimide versus perylene-monoimide. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5194-5203. [PMID: 35315470 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We used a systematic approach to shed light on the inherent differences in perylenes, namely monoimides versus diimides, including coplanarity and dipole moment, and their impact on singlet fission (SF) by designing, synthesizing, and probing a full fledged series of phenylene- and naphthalene-linked dimers. Next to changing the functionality of the perylene core, we probed the effect of the spacers and their varying degrees of rotational freedom, molecular electrostatic potentials, and intramolecular interactions on the SF-mechanism and -efficiencies. An arsenal of spectroscopic techniques revealed that for perylene-monoimides, a strong charge-transfer mixing with the singlet and triplet excited states restricts SF and yields low triplet quantum yields. This is accompanied by an up-conversion channel that includes geminate triplet-triplet recombination. Using perylene-diimides alters the SF-mechanism by populating a charge-separated-state intermediate, which either favors or shuts-down SF. Napthylene-spacers bring about higher triplet quantum yields and overall better SF-performance for all perylene-monoimides and perylene-diimides. The key to better SF-performance is rotational freedom because it facilitates the overall excited-state polarization and amplifies intramolecular interactions between chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David Gutiérrez-Moreno
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203 Elche, Spain.
| | - Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Phillip M Greißel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203 Elche, Spain.
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Paul S, Karunakaran V. Excimer Formation Inhibits the Intramolecular Singlet Fission Dynamics: Systematic Tilting of Pentacene Dimers by Linking Positions. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1054-1062. [PMID: 35107283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of excimer formation in inhibiting or enhancing the efficiency of the intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) process has been a subject of recent debate. Here, we investigated the effect of excimer formation on iSF dynamics by modifying its configuration by connecting pentacenes at various positions. Hence, pentacene dimers having slip-stacked (2,2' BP, J-type), oblique (2,6' BP), and facial (6,6' BP, H-type) configurations were synthesized by covalently linking pentacenes at positions 2,2', 2,6', and 6,6', respectively, with an ethynyl bridge, and their ultrafast excited-state relaxation dynamics were characterized. Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectra revealed that the efficiency of iSF dynamics decreased from slip-stacked (182%) to oblique configuration (97%),whereas in the 6,6' BP with facial configuration, strong electronic coupling led to the formation of excimers that decayed nonradiatively without formation of correlated triplet pairs. These studies reveal the formation of excimers by strong intrapentacene electronic coupling upon ultrafast excitation, preventing the efficient iSF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitha Paul
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Venugopal Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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15
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Shushin A. Kinetic specific features of singlet fission in highly anisotropic organic semiconductors. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074703. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A.I. Shushin
- Kinetics, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, Russia
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16
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Bera K, Douglas CJ, Frontiera RR. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy - guided library mining leads to efficient singlet fission in rubrene derivatives. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13825-13835. [PMID: 34760168 PMCID: PMC8549787 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04251c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromophores undergoing singlet fission are promising candidates for harnessing solar energy as they can generate a pair of charge carriers by the absorption of one photon. However, photovoltaic devices employing singlet fission are still lacking practical applications due to the limitations within the existing molecules undergoing singlet fission. Chemical modifications to acenes can lead to efficient singlet fission devices, but the influence of changes to molecular structure on the rate of singlet fission is challenging to model and predict. Using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy we have previously demonstrated that the triplet separation process during singlet fission in crystalline rubrene is associated with the loss of electron density from its tetracene core. Based on this knowledge, we mined a library of new rubrene derivatives with electron withdrawing substituents that prime the molecules for efficient singlet fission, without impacting their crystal packing. Our rationally chosen crystalline chromophores exhibit significantly improved singlet fission rates. This study demonstrates the utility and strength of a structurally sensitive spectroscopic technique in providing insights to spectroscopy-guided materials selection and design guidelines that go beyond energy arguments to design new singlet fission-capable chromophores. In the race to find efficient singlet fission materials, picking a winner is not easy. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy can help us choose the best candidates, as demonstrated here in choosing from a library of rubrene derivatives.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajari Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA +1612-624-2501
| | - Christopher J Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA +1612-624-2501
| | - Renee R Frontiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA +1612-624-2501
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17
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Shizu K, Adachi C, Kaji H. Correlated Triplet Pair Formation Activated by Geometry Relaxation in Directly Linked Tetracene Dimer (5,5'-Bitetracene). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2638-2643. [PMID: 33553881 PMCID: PMC7859935 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) materials have the potential to overcome the traditional external quantum efficiency limits of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, we theoretically designed an intramolecular SF molecule, 5,5'-bitetracene (55BT), in which two tetracene units were directly connected through a C-C bond. Using quantum chemical calculation and the Fermi golden rule, we show that 55BT undergoes efficient SF induced by geometry relaxation in a locally excited singlet state, 1(S0S1). Compared with another high-performing SF system, the tetracene dimer in the crystalline state, 55BT has advantages when used in doped systems owing to covalent bonding of the two tetracene units. This feature makes 55BT a promising candidate triplet sensitizer for near-infrared OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Shizu
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto]611-0011, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center
for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International
Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton
Engineering Project, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto]611-0011, Japan
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18
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Zhang T, Rai D, Holmes RJ. Device-Based Probe of Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Singlet Fission Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:966-972. [PMID: 33464089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Probing triplet transport in singlet fission materials can be challenging due to the presence of multiple diffusing species. We present a device-based method to measure the intrinsic triplet diffusion length (LD) in organic semiconductor thin films exhibiting singlet fission. Triplet states are optically injected into the singlet fission material of interest via energy transfer from an adjacent thin film characterized by strong spin-orbit coupling. Injected triplets migrate through the full thickness of the material before undergoing dissociation at a donor-acceptor interface. By modeling the ratio of injector and acceptor photocurrent as a function of layer thickness, the triplet LD is extracted separate from processes of unknown efficiency including singlet fission and diffusion. In considering three archetypical fission systems, a wide range is found for the triplet LD, ranging from 3.3 ± 0.4 nm for 5,12-bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)tetracene to 17.1 ± 1.3 nm for pentacene and 32.1 ± 2.6 nm for tetracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Deepesh Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Russell J Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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19
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Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical downconversion pathway, in which a singlet excitation transforms into two triplet excited states. As such, it constitutes an exciton multiplication generation process, which is currently at the focal point for future integration into solar energy conversion devices. Beyond this, various other exciting applications were proposed, including quantum cryptography or organic light emitting diodes. Also, the mechanistic understanding evolved rapidly during the last year. Unfortunately, the number of suitable SF-chromophores is still limited. This is per se problematic, considering the wide range of envisaged applicability. With that in mind, we emphasize uncommon SF-scaffolds and outline requirements as well as strategies to expand the chromophore pool of SF-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 1-3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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20
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Guzmán D, Papadopoulos I, Lavarda G, Rami PR, Tykwinski RR, Rodríguez‐Morgade MS, Guldi DM, Torres T. Controlling Intramolecular Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Singlet Fission in a Subporphyrazine-Pentacene Conjugate by Solvent Polarity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1474-1481. [PMID: 33002284 PMCID: PMC7839765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due its complementary absorptions in the range of 450 and 600 nm, an energy-donating hexaaryl-subporphyrazine has been linked to a pentacene dimer, which acts primarily as an energy acceptor and secondarily as a singlet fission enabler. In the corresponding conjugate, efficient intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (i-FRET) is the modus operandi to transfer energy from the subporphyrazine to the pentacene dimer. Upon energy transfer, the pentacene dimer undergoes intramolecular singlet fission (i-SF), that is, converting the singlet excited state, via an intermediate state, into a pair of correlated triplet excited states. Solvatochromic fluorescence of the subporphyrazine is a key feature of this system and features a red-shift as large as 20 nm in polar media. Solvent is thus used to modulate spectral overlap between the fluorescence of subporphyrazine and absorption of the pentacene dimer, which controls the Förster rate constant, on one hand, and the triplet quantum yield, on the other hand. The optimum spectral overlap is realized in xylene, leading to Förster rate constant of 3.52×1011 s-1 and a triplet quantum yield of 171 % ±10 %. In short, the solvent polarity dependence, which is a unique feature of subporphyrazines, is decisive in terms of adjusting spectral overlap, ensuring a sizable Förster rate constant, and maximizing triplet quantum yields. Uniquely, this optimization can be achieved without a need for synthetic modification of the subporphyrazine donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guzmán
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Parisa R. Rami
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez‐Morgade
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaCampus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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21
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Guzmán D, Papadopoulos I, Lavarda G, Rami PR, Tykwinski RR, Rodríguez‐Morgade MS, Guldi DM, Torres T. Kontrolle des intramolekularen Förster‐Resonanzenergietransfers und der Singulettspaltung in einem Subporphyrazin‐Pentacen‐Konjugat mittels Lösungsmittelpolarität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Parisa R. Rami
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez‐Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
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22
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Taffet EJ, Beljonne D, Scholes GD. Overlap-Driven Splitting of Triplet Pairs in Singlet Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20040-20047. [PMID: 33190497 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyze correlated-triplet-pair (TT) singlet-fission intermediates toward two-triplet separation (T...T) using spin-state-averaged density matrix renormalization group electronic-structure calculations. Specifically, we compare the triplet-triplet exchange (J) for tetracene dimers, bipentacene, a subunit of the benzodithiophene-thiophene dioxide polymer, and a carotenoid (neurosporene). Exchange-split energy gaps of J and 3J separate a singlet from a triplet and a singlet from a quintet, respectively. We draw two new insights: (a) the canonical tetracene singlet-fission unit cell supports precisely three low-lying TT intermediates with order-of-magnitude differences in J, and (b) the separable TT intermediate in carotenoids emanates from a pair of excitations to the second triplet state. Therefore, unlike with tetracenes, carotenoid fission requires above-gap excitations. In all cases, the distinguishability of the molecular triplets-that is, the extent of orbital overlap-determines the splitting within the spin manifold of TT states. Consequently, J represents a spectroscopic observable that distnguishes the resemblance between TT intermediates and the T...T product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J Taffet
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - David Beljonne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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23
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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Multiexcitonic Triplet Pair Generation in Oligoacene Dendrimers as Amorphous Solid‐State Miniatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 22012 Incheon Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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24
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Daiber B, Maiti S, Ferro SM, Bodin J, van den Boom AFJ, Luxembourg SL, Kinge S, Pujari SP, Zuilhof H, Siebbeles LDA, Ehrler B. Change in Tetracene Polymorphism Facilitates Triplet Transfer in Singlet Fission-Sensitized Silicon Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8703-8709. [PMID: 32959663 PMCID: PMC7569671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission in tetracene generates two triplet excitons per absorbed photon. If these triplet excitons can be effectively transferred into silicon (Si), then additional photocurrent can be generated from photons above the bandgap of Si. This could alleviate the thermalization loss and increase the efficiency of conventional Si solar cells. Here, we show that a change in the polymorphism of tetracene deposited on Si due to air exposure facilitates triplet transfer from tetracene into Si. Magnetic field-dependent photocurrent measurements confirm that triplet excitons contribute to the photocurrent. The decay of tetracene delayed photoluminescence was used to determine a transfer efficiency of ∼36% into Si. Our study suggests that control over the morphology of tetracene during the deposition will be of great importance to boost the triplet transfer yield further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Daiber
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sourav Maiti
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia M. Ferro
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Bodin
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alyssa F. J. van den Boom
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan L. Luxembourg
- TNO
Energy Transition − Solar Energy, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Sachin Kinge
- Toyota
Motor Europe, Materials Research & Development, Hoge Wei 33, B-1913, Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School
of
Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin
University, 92 Weijin
Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Multiexcitonic Triplet Pair Generation in Oligoacene Dendrimers as Amorphous Solid‐State Miniatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20956-20964. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 22012 Incheon Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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26
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The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Singlet Fission in Organic Semiconductors: its Understanding and Applications. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Menon A, Papadopoulos I, Harreiß C, Mora-Fuentes JP, Cortizo-Lacalle D, Mateo-Alonso A, Spiecker E, Guldi DM. Collecting up to 115% of Singlet-Fission Products by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8875-8886. [PMID: 32543172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we focused on integrating a phenylene-bridged dibenzodiazahexacene dimer (o-DAD), which is singlet fission (SF) active, onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a low-energy sink for energetically low lying excited states that stem from SF. Spectroscopic and microscopic assays assisted in documenting that SWCNT/o-DAD feature high stability in THF as a result of electronic interactions between the individual constituents. For example, statistical Raman analysis underlined n-doping of SWCNTs in the presence of o-DAD. Fluorescence spectroscopy prompted an energy transfer between the individual constituents, a conclusion that was exclusively derived from the quenching of the o-DAD-centered fluorescence. Excitation spectroscopy with a focus on the SWCNT fluorescence confirmed independently this conclusion by showing o-DAD-centered features. Our work was rounded off by time-resolved transient absorption measurements with SWCNT/o-DAD, in which evidence was gathered for the sequential o-DAD-centered SF with an efficiency of 112% followed by a unidirectional energy transfer from o-DAD to SWCNT and a rapid deactivation. The energy transfer efficiency from SF products such as (S1S0)CT and 1(T1T1) exceeded the 100% threshold with values of 115%, which is conventionally found in energy transfer schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Harreiß
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan P Mora-Fuentes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Diego Cortizo-Lacalle
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 6 Solairua, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Sharma A, Zhang L, Tollerud JO, Dong M, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Vogl T, Liang K, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Sanwlani S, Earl SK, Macdonald D, Lam PK, Davis JA, Lu Y. Supertransport of excitons in atomically thin organic semiconductors at the 2D quantum limit. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 32655861 PMCID: PMC7338549 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-range and fast transport of coherent excitons is important for the development of high-speed excitonic circuits and quantum computing applications. However, most of these coherent excitons have only been observed in some low-dimensional semiconductors when coupled with cavities, as there are large inhomogeneous broadening and dephasing effects on the transport of excitons in their native states in materials. Here, by confining coherent excitons at the 2D quantum limit, we first observed molecular aggregation-enabled 'supertransport' of excitons in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) organic semiconductors between coherent states, with a measured high effective exciton diffusion coefficient of ~346.9 cm2/s at room temperature. This value is one to several orders of magnitude higher than the values reported for other organic molecular aggregates and low-dimensional inorganic materials. Without coupling to any optical cavities, the monolayer pentacene sample, a very clean 2D quantum system (~1.2 nm thick) with high crystallinity (J-type aggregation) and minimal interfacial states, showed superradiant emission from Frenkel excitons, which was experimentally confirmed by the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission, highly enhanced radiative decay rate, significantly narrowed PL peak width and strongly directional in-plane emission. The coherence in monolayer pentacene samples was observed to be delocalised over ~135 molecules, which is significantly larger than the values (a few molecules) observed for other organic thin films. In addition, the supertransport of excitons in monolayer pentacene samples showed highly anisotropic behaviour. Our results pave the way for the development of future high-speed excitonic circuits, fast OLEDs, and other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jonathan O. Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Miheng Dong
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert Halbich
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Tobias Vogl
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kun Liang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Shilpa Sanwlani
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Earl
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Daniel Macdonald
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Davis
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
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Papadopoulos I, Gutiérrez-Moreno D, McCosker PM, Casillas R, Keller PA, Sastre-Santos Á, Clark T, Fernández-Lázaro F, Guldi DM. Perylene-Monoimides: Singlet Fission Down-Conversion Competes with Up-Conversion by Geminate Triplet–Triplet Recombination. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5727-5736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Gutiérrez-Moreno
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Papadopoulos I, Gao Y, Hetzer C, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Singlet Fission in Enantiomerically Pure Pentacene Dimers. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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31
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Prieto-Montero R, Prieto-Castañeda A, Sola-Llano R, Agarrabeitia AR, García-Fresnadillo D, López-Arbeloa I, Villanueva A, Ortiz MJ, de la Moya S, Martínez-Martínez V. Exploring BODIPY Derivatives as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers for PDT. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:458-477. [PMID: 32077486 DOI: 10.1111/php.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This minireview is devoted to honoring the memory of Dr. Thomas Dougherty, a pioneer of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT). It compiles the most important inputs made by our research group since 2012 in the development of new photosensitizers based on BODIPY chromophore which, thanks to the rich BODIPY chemistry, allows a finely tuned design of the photophysical properties of this family of dyes to serve as efficient photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen. These two factors, photophysical tuning and workable chemistry, have turned BODIPY chromophore as one of the most promising dyes for the development of improved photosensitizers for PDT. In this line, this minireview is mainly related to the establishment of chemical methods and structural designs for enabling efficient singlet oxygen generation in BODIPYs. The approaches include the incorporation of heavy atoms, such as halogens (iodine or bromine) in different number and positions on the BODIPY scaffold, and also transition metal atoms, by their complexation with Ir(III) center, for instance. On the other hand, low-toxicity approaches, without involving heavy metals, have been developed by preparing several orthogonal BODIPY dimers with different substitution patterns. The advantages and drawbacks of all these diverse molecular designs based on BODIPY structural framework are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sola-Llano
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo López-Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
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32
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Sakun VP, Balashov EM, Shushin AI. Microwave effect on a pulse-excited prompt fluorescence of molecular crystals. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shushin AI. Manifestation of specific features of T-exciton migration in magnetic field effects on TT-annihilation in molecular crystals: Analysis of low-field resonances. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224503. [PMID: 31837682 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The manifestation of specific features of T-exciton migration in the shape of low field resonances (LFRs) in the magnetic field effects on the TT-annihilation in molecular crystals is studied in detail. The LFRs are shown to be caused by avoided crossing of spin-levels of T-excitons in magnetic fields nearly parallel to the axis of the zero field splitting interaction tensor. Simple and accurate formulas for the shape of the LFR-line are derived within the hopping model of T-exciton migration. With these formulas, we demonstrate that the LFR-line shape is fairly sensitive to the anisotropy of T-exciton migration, in particular, in quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) and quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) limits of exciton migration. The analysis of the shape is shown to allow for obtaining the magnitude of the small rate of jumps out of 1D and 2D spaces of fast migration in the cases quasi-1D and quasi-2D migration, respectively. In addition, this analysis enables one to obtain the spin relaxation rate of T-excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Shushin
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-1, Kosygin St. 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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34
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Reddy SR, Coto PB, Thoss M. Quantum dynamical simulation of intramolecular singlet fission in covalently coupled pentacene dimers. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajagopala Reddy
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pedro B. Coto
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avda. Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Michael Thoss
- Institute of Physics, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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35
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Shushin AI. Kinetics of singlet fission in organic semiconductors: Specific features of T-exciton migration effects. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5099667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Shushin
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, GSP-1, Kosygin St. 4, Moscow, Russian Federation and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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36
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Abstract
Entanglement of states is one of the most surprising and counterintuitive consequences of quantum mechanics, with potent applications in cryptography and computing. In organic semiconductor materials, one particularly significant manifestation is the spin-entangled triplet-pair state, which consists of a pair of localized triplet excitons coupled into an overall spin-0, -1, or -2 configuration. The most widely analyzed of these is the spin-0 pair, denoted 1(TT), which was initially invoked in the 1960s to explain delayed fluorescence in acene films. It is considered an essential gateway state for triplet-triplet annihilation and the reverse process, singlet fission, enabling interconversion between one singlet and two triplet excitons without any change in overall spin. This state has returned to the forefront of organic materials research in recent years, thanks both to its central role in the resurgent field of singlet fission and to its implication in a host of exotic new photophysical behaviors. Here we review the properties of triplet-pair states, from first principles to recent experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Musser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom; ,
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37
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Basel BS, Hetzer C, Zirzlmeier J, Thiel D, Guldi R, Hampel F, Kahnt A, Clark T, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Davydov splitting and singlet fission in excitonically coupled pentacene dimers. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3854-3863. [PMID: 31015927 PMCID: PMC6461118 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) allows two charges to be generated from the absorption of a single photon and is, therefore, potentially transformative toward improving solar energy conversion. Key to the present study of SF is the design of pentacene dimers featuring a xanthene linker that strictly places two pentacene chromophores in a rigid arrangement and, in turn, enforces efficient, intramolecular π-overlap that mimics interactions typically found in condensed state (e.g., solids, films, etc.). Inter-chromophore communication ensures Davydov splitting, which plays an unprecedented role toward achieving SF in pentacene dimers. Transient absorption measurements document that intramolecular SF evolves upon excitation into the lower Davydov bands to form a correlated triplet pair at cryogenic temperature. At room temperature, the two spin-correlated triplets, one per pentacene moiety within the dimers, are electronically coupled to an excimer state. The presented results are transferable to a broad range of acene morphologies including aggregates, crystals, and films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Sabine Basel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Rebecca Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM) , Permoserstr. 15 , D-04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Nägelsbachstrasse 25 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Dirk Michael Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) , Egerlandstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany .
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta, T6G 2G2 , Canada .
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Papadopoulos I, Zirzlmeier J, Hetzer C, Bae YJ, Krzyaniak MD, Wasielewski MR, Clark T, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Varying the Interpentacene Electronic Coupling to Tune Singlet Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6191-6203. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Youn J. Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
This account aims at providing an understanding of singlet fission, i.e., the photophysical process of a singlet state ( S1) splitting into two triplet states (2 × T1) in molecular chromophores. Since its discovery 50 years ago, the field of singlet fission has enjoyed rapid expansion in the past 8 years. However, there have been lingering confusion and debates on the nature of the all-important triplet pair intermediate states and the definition of singlet fission rates. Here we clarify the confusion from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. We distinguish the triplet pair state that maintains electronic coherence between the two constituent triplets, 1(TT), from one which does not, 1(T···T). Only the rate of formation of 1(T···T) is defined as that of singlet fission. We present distinct experimental evidence for 1(TT), whose formation may occur via incoherent and/or vibronic coherent mechanisms. We discuss the challenges in treating singlet fission beyond the dimer approximation, in understanding the often neglected roles of delocalization on singlet fission rates, and in realizing the much lauded goal of increasing solar energy conversion efficiencies with singlet fission chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Felisa S Conrad-Burton
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Florian L Geyer
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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40
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Jang HJ, Bittle EG, Zhang Q, Biacchi AJ, Richter CA, Gundlach DJ. Electrical Detection of Singlet Fission in Single Crystal Tetracene Transistors. ACS NANO 2019; 13:616-623. [PMID: 30608649 PMCID: PMC6541755 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the electrical detection of singlet fission in tetracene by using a field-effect transistor (FET). Singlet fission is a photoinduced spin-dependent process, yielding two triplet excitons from the absorption of a single photon. In this study, we engineered a more deterministic platform composed of an organic single crystal FET rather than amorphous or polycrystalline FETs to elucidate spin-dependent processes under magnetic fields. Despite the unipolar operation and relatively high mobility of single crystal tetracene FETs, we were able to manipulate spin dependent processes to detect magnetoconductance (MC) at room temperature by illuminating the FETs and tuning the bias voltage to adjust majority charge carrier density and trap occupancy. In considering the crystalline direction and magnetic field interactions in tetracene, we show the MC response observed in tetracene FETs to be the result of the singlet fission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Jae Jang
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Western Digital Corporation, 5601 Great Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA 95119, USA
| | - Emily G. Bittle
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Adam J. Biacchi
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Curt A. Richter
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - David J. Gundlach
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Aguilar Suarez LE, Kathir R, Siagri E, Havenith RW, Faraji S. Determination of electronic couplings in the singlet fission process using a nonorthogonal configuration interaction approach. STATE OF THE ART OF MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE COMPUTATIONS: CORRELATION METHODS, BASIS SETS AND MORE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
The highly unusual state, 1(TT), is a coupled, double triplet state that has recently garnered significant attention. This multiexcitonic state can be formed by a quantum transition from a single-photon bright state in a variety of organic semiconducting materials. 1(TT)'s transient nature and similarity to independent triplets, however, has led to significant difficulties in characterization and prediction of its properties. Recent progress describing 1(TT) from theory and experiment are breaking through these difficulties, and have greatly advanced our comprehension of this state. Starting from the early description of 1(TT) in polyenes, this perspective discusses formation mechanisms, spectroscopic signatures, and the scope of intertriplet interactions. When employing singlet fission to generate charge carriers in a solar cell, 1(TT) has a central role. Due to the variety of coupling strengths between triplet states in 1(TT) amongst different chromophores, two different strategies are discussed to enable efficient charge carrier extraction. Continued growth in our understanding of 1(TT) may lead to control over complex quantum states for intriguing applications beyond high-efficiency, organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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43
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Shushin A. Kinetic curves crossing effect. Manifestation of the effect in singlet fission in organic semiconductors. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Bae YJ, Kang G, Malliakas CD, Nelson JN, Zhou J, Young RM, Wu YL, Van Duyne RP, Schatz GC, Wasielewski MR. Singlet Fission in 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15140-15144. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Gyeongwon Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Christos D. Malliakas
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jordan N. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Pensack RD, Tilley AJ, Grieco C, Purdum GE, Ostroumov EE, Granger DB, Oblinsky DG, Dean JC, Doucette GS, Asbury JB, Loo YL, Seferos DS, Anthony JE, Scholes GD. Striking the right balance of intermolecular coupling for high-efficiency singlet fission. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6240-6259. [PMID: 30090312 PMCID: PMC6062843 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission is a process that splits collective excitations, or excitons, into two with unity efficiency. This exciton splitting process, unique to molecular photophysics, has the potential to considerably improve the efficiency of optoelectronic devices through more efficient light harvesting. While the first step of singlet fission has been characterized in great detail, subsequent steps critical to achieving overall highly-efficient singlet-to-triplet conversion are only just beginning to become well understood. One of the most elementary suggestions, which has yet to be tested, is that an appropriately balanced coupling is necessary to ensure overall highly efficient singlet fission; that is, the coupling needs to be strong enough so that the first step is fast and efficient, yet weak enough to ensure the independent behavior of the resultant triplets. In this work, we show how high overall singlet-to-triplet conversion efficiencies can be achieved in singlet fission by ensuring that the triplets comprising the triplet pair behave as independently as possible. We show that side chain sterics govern local packing in amorphous pentacene derivative nanoparticles, and that this in turn controls both the rate at which triplet pairs form and the rate at which they decay. We show how compact side chains and stronger couplings promote a triplet pair that effectively couples to the ground state, whereas bulkier side chains promote a triplet pair that appears more like two independent and long-lived triplet excitations. Our results show that the triplet pair is not emissive, that its decay is best viewed as internal conversion rather than triplet-triplet annihilation, and perhaps most critically that, in contrast to a number of recent suggestions, the triplets comprising the initially formed triplet pair cannot be considered independently. This work represents a significant step toward better understanding intermediates in singlet fission, and how molecular packing and couplings govern overall triplet yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Andrew J Tilley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Christopher Grieco
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , USA
| | - Geoffrey E Purdum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
| | - Evgeny E Ostroumov
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Devin B Granger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , USA .
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Jacob C Dean
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
| | - Grayson S Doucette
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , USA
| | - John B Asbury
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , USA .
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , USA .
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46
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Korovina NV, Joy J, Feng X, Feltenberger C, Krylov AI, Bradforth SE, Thompson ME. Linker-Dependent Singlet Fission in Tetracene Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10179-10190. [PMID: 30016102 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Separation of triplet excitons produced by singlet fission is crucial for efficient application of singlet fission materials. While earlier works explored the first step of singlet fission, the formation of the correlated triplet pair state, the focus of recent studies has been on understanding the second step of singlet fission, the formation of independent triplets from the correlated pair state. We present the synthesis and excited-state dynamics of meta- and para-bis(ethynyltetracenyl)benzene dimers that are analogues to the ortho-bis(ethynyltetracenyl)benzene dimer reported by our groups previously. A comparison of the excited-state properties of these dimers allows us to investigate the effects of electronic conjugation and coupling on singlet fission between the ethynyltetracene units within a dimer. In the para isomer, in which the two chromophores are conjugated, the singlet exciton yields the correlated triplet pair state, from which the triplet excitons can decouple via molecular rotations. In contrast, the meta isomer in which the two chromophores are cross-coupled predominantly relaxes via radiative decay. We also report the synthesis and excited-state dynamics of two para dimers with different bridging units joining the ethynyltetracenes. The rate of singlet fission is found to be faster in the dimer with the bridging unit that has orbitals closer in energy to that of the ethynyltetracene chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Korovina
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Jimmy Joy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Xintian Feng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Cassidy Feltenberger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Stephen E Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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47
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Abstract
Singlet fission is a photophysical reaction in which a singlet excited electronic state splits into two spin-triplet states. Singlet fission was discovered more than 50 years ago, but the interest in this process has gained a lot of momentum in the past decade due to its potential as a way to boost solar cell efficiencies. This review presents and discusses the most recent advances with respect to the theoretical and computational studies on the singlet fission phenomenon. The work revisits important aspects regarding electronic states involved in the process, the evaluation of fission rates and interstate couplings, the study of the excited state dynamics in singlet fission, and the advances in the design and characterization of singlet fission compounds and materials such as molecular dimers, polymers, or extended structures. Finally, the review tries to pinpoint some aspects that need further improvement and proposes future lines of research for theoretical and computational chemists and physicists in order to further push the understanding and applicability of singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia , Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque, Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Euskadi, Spain
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48
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Structure and dynamics of triplet-exciton pairs generated from singlet fission studied via magnetic field effects. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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49
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Hetzer C, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Pentacene Dimers as a Critical Tool for the Investigation of Intramolecular Singlet Fission. Chemistry 2018; 24:8245-8257. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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50
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Ito S, Nagami T, Nakano M. Molecular design for efficient singlet fission. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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