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Kölbel J, Anuschek ML, Stelzl I, Santitewagun S, Friess W, Zeitler JA. Dynamical Transition in Dehydrated Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3581-3590. [PMID: 38527099 PMCID: PMC11000241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the role of the dynamics of biomolecules decoupled from solvent effects. Lyophilized sucrose exhibited steadily increasing absorption with temperature as anharmonic excitations commenced as the system emerged from a deep minimum of the potential energy landscape where harmonic vibrations dominate. The polypeptide bacitracin and two globular proteins, lysozyme and human serum albumin, showed a more complex temperature dependence. Further analysis focused on the spectral signature below and above the boson peak. We found evidence of the onset of anharmonic motions that are characteristic for partial unfolding and molecular jamming in the dry biomolecules. The activation of modes of the protein molecules at temperatures comparable to the protein dynamical transition temperature was observed in the absence of hydration. No evidence of Fröhlich coherence, postulated to facilitate biological function, was found in our experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kölbel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Moritz L. Anuschek
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Technology
and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians
Universität, Butenandtstrasse
5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ivonne Stelzl
- Department
of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Technology
and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians
Universität, Butenandtstrasse
5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Supawan Santitewagun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department
of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Technology
and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians
Universität, Butenandtstrasse
5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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2
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Vallaster B, Engelsing F, Grohganz H. Influence of water and trehalose on α- and β-relaxation of freeze-dried lysozyme formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 194:1-8. [PMID: 38029940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mobility in form of alpha and beta relaxations is considered crucial for characterization of amorphous lyophilizates and reflected in the transition temperatures Tgα and Tgβ. Based on an overview of applied methods to study beta relaxations, Dynamic Mechanical analysis was used to measure Tgα and Tgβ in amorphous freeze-dried samples. Lysozyme and trehalose as well as their mixtures in varying ratios were investigated. Three different residual moisture levels, ranging from roughly 0.5-7 % (w/w), were prepared via equilibration of the freeze-dried samples. Known plasticising effects of water on Tgα were confirmed, also via differential scanning calorimetry. In addition and contrary to expectations, an influence of water on the Tgβ also was observed. On the other hand, an increasing amount of trehalose lowered Tgα but increased Tgβ showing that Tgα and Tgβ are not paired. The findings were interpreted with regard to their underlying molecular mechanisms and a correlation with the known influences of water and trehalose on stability. The results provide encouraging hints for future stability studies of freeze-dried protein formulations, which are urgently needed, not least for reasons of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Vallaster
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florian Engelsing
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Böhmer T, Gabriel JP, Zeißler R, Richter T, Blochowicz T. Glassy dynamics in polyalcohols: intermolecular simplicity vs. intramolecular complexity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18272-18280. [PMID: 35880532 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01969h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using depolarized light scattering, we have recently shown that structural relaxation in a broad range of supercooled liquids follows, to good approximation, a generic line shape with high-frequency power law ω-1/2. We now continue this study by investigating a systematic series of polyalcohols (PAs), frequently used as model-systems in glass-science, i.a., because the width of their respective dielectric loss spectra varies strongly along the series. Our results reveal that the microscopic origin of the observed relaxation behavior varies significantly between different PAs: while short-chained PAs like glycerol rotate as more or less rigid entities and their light scattering spectra follow the generic shape, long-chained PAs like sorbitol display pronounced intramolecular dynamic contributions on the time scale of structural relaxation, leading to systematic deviations from the generic shape. Based on these findings we discuss an important limitation for observing the generic shape in a supercooled liquid: the dynamics that is probed needs to reflect the intermolecular dynamic heterogeneity, and must not be superimposed by effects of intramolecular dynamic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Böhmer
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Jan Philipp Gabriel
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rolf Zeißler
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Timo Richter
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Thomas Blochowicz
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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4
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Be Rziņš KR, Fraser-Miller SJ, Rades T, Gordon KC. Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy as an Avenue to Determine the Transition Temperature of β- and γ-Relaxation in Pharmaceutical Glasses. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8241-8248. [PMID: 35647784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In an earlier investigation, low-frequency Raman (LFR) spectroscopy was shown to detect the transition temperature of the β-relaxation (Tβ) in both amorphous celecoxib and various celecoxib amorphous solid dispersions [Be̅rziņš, K. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2021, 18(10), 3882-3893]. In this study, we further investigated the application of this technique to determine Tβ, an important parameter for estimating crystallization potency of amorphous drugs. Alongside commercially available amorphous drugs (zafirlukast and valsartan disodium salt), differently melt-quenched samples of cimetidine were also analyzed. Overall, the variable-temperature LFR measurements allowed for an easy access to the desired information, including the even lesser transition of the tertiary relaxation motions (Tγ). Thus, the obtained results not only highlighted the sensitivity, but also the practical usefulness of this technique to elucidate (subtle) changes in molecular dynamics within amorphous pharmaceutical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Rlis Be Rziņš
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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5
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Anuschek M, Bawuah P, Zeitler JA. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for powder compact porosity and pore shape measurements: An error analysis of the anisotropic bruggeman model. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100079. [PMID: 34027385 PMCID: PMC8120941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a novel technique which has been applied for pore structure analysis and porosity measurements. For this, mainly the anisotropic Bruggeman (AB-EMA) model is applied to correlate the effective refractive index (n eff) of a tablet and the porosity as well as to evaluate the pore shape based on the depolarisation factor L. This paper investigates possible error sources of the AB-EMA for THz-TDS based tablet analysis. The effect of absorption and tablet anisotropy - changes of pore shape with porosity and density distribution - have been investigated. The results suggest that high tablet absorption has a negligible effect on the accuracy of the AB-EMA. In regards of tablet anisotropy the accuracy of the porosity determination is not impaired significantly. However, density distribution and variations in the pore shape with porosity resulted in an unreliable extraction of the tablet pore shape. As an extension of the AB-EMA a new concept was introduced to convert the model into bounds for L. This new approach was found useful to investigate tablet pore shape but also the applicability of the AB-EMA for an unknown set of data.
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Key Words
-
ϵ
˜
eff
, Effective complex dielectric permittivity
-
ϵ
˜
s
, Complex dielectric permittivity of the solid fract
-
n
˜
, Complex refractive index
- AB-EMA, Anisotropic Bruggemen model
- API, Active pharmaceutical ingredient
- Anisotropy
- Bruggeman model
- D, Tablet diameter
- Density distribution
- H, Tablet thickness
- Ibu, Ibuprofen formulation
- L, Depolarisation factor
- L1, Depolarisation factor at the lowest porosity
- Lac, Lactose
- Lfit, Estimation of the depolarisation factor based on a fitting model
- Ll/u, Lower/upper bound of the depolarisation factor
- Lmax/min, Maximal/minimal depolarisation factor in the simulation of a tablet set
- M, Tablet mass
- MCC, Microcrystalline cellulose
- Pharmaceutical tablet
- Pore structure
- RMSE, Root-mean squared error
- THz-TDS, Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
- Terahertz
- a1, Gradient of the depolarisation factor as a function of porosity
- a2, Y-intercept of the depolarisation factor as a function of porosity
- c, Speed of light
- f, Porosity
- f1, Lowest porosity in a set of tablets
- n, Refractive index
- neff, 1, Effective refractive index at the lowest porosity
- neff, Effective refractive index
- neff, l/u, Lower/upper Wiener bound for neff
- neff, l/u, Lower/upper margin for ns
- ns, Intrinsic refractive index of the solid fraction
- ns, c, ns estimated with accounting for absorption
- ns, fit, Estimation of the intrinsic refractive index based on a fitting model
- p, Polar axis of a spheroid, parallel to the wavevector
- q, r, Equatorial axes of a spheroid, perpendicular to the wavevector
- tablename Str, Starch
- αeff, Effective absorption coefficient
- κ, Extinction coefficient
- κeff, Effective extinction coefficient
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Anuschek
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße, Munich, Germany
| | - Prince Bawuah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK
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6
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Caporaletti F, Bonn D, Woutersen S. Lifetime-Associated Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals the Hydrogen-Bond Structure of Supercooled Water in Soft Confinement. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5951-5956. [PMID: 34157231 PMCID: PMC8256423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method to address the problem of spectral overlap in multidimensional vibrational spectroscopy and use it to investigate supercooled aqueous sorbitol solutions. The absence of crystallization in these solutions has been attributed to "soft" confinement of water in subnanometer voids in the sorbitol matrix, but the details of the hydrogen-bond structure are still largely unknown. 2D-IR spectroscopy of the OH-stretch mode is an excellent tool to investigate hydrogen bonding, but in this case it seems difficult because of the overlapping water and sorbitol contributions to the 2D-IR spectrum. Using the difference in OH-stretch lifetimes of water and sorbitol we can cleanly separate these contributions. Surprisingly, the separated 2D-IR spectra show that the hydrogen-bond disorder of soft-confined water is independent of temperature and decoupled from its orientational order. We believe the approach we use to separate overlapping 2D-IR spectra will enhance the applicability of 2D-IR spectroscopy to study multicomponent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Caporaletti
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bonn
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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8
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Structural engineering of 3D hierarchical Cd0.8Zn0.2S for selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Broadband Terahertz Spectroscopy of Glutathione. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Krynski M, Mocanu F, Elliott S. Elucidation of the Nature of Structural Relaxation in Glassy d-Sorbitol. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1833-1838. [PMID: 32017567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nature and origin of the glass transition is one of the great unsolved problems of condensed-matter science. With the rapid increase of viscosity upon cooling the liquid near the glass-transition temperature, a range of dynamical motifs are observed, revealing the sheer complexity of interactions between the amorphous units. Yet, the causal link between those motifs and the solidification process remains unclear. Here, we apply a novel approach for exploring nontrivial interactions between structural units in d-sorbitol, a canonical example of a hydrogen-bonded organic glass, by introducing a dihedral-rearrangement-indicator analysis to shed light on relaxation processes and dynamical heterogeneity, which are known for their association with the stability of a glass. We find that both α- and β-relaxation processes are governed by cooperative and heterogeneous changes in hydrogen-bond dynamics that can be described by spatial and dihedral-angle-rearrangement indicators. The methodology and findings are of general applicability to other glass-forming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Krynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.,Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Mocanu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Stephen Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
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11
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Shmool TA, Batens M, Massant J, Van den Mooter G, Zeitler JA. Tracking solid state dynamics in spray-dried protein powders at infrared and terahertz frequencies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:244-251. [PMID: 31546022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talia A Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Batens
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Massant
- Biological Formulation Development, UCB Pharma, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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12
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Das Mahanta D, Islam SI, Choudhury S, Das DK, Mitra RK, Barman A. Contrasting hydration dynamics in DME and DMSO aqueous solutions: A combined optical pump-probe and GHz-THz dielectric relaxation investigation. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Observation of high-temperature macromolecular confinement in lyophilised protein formulations using terahertz spectroscopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2019; 1:100022. [PMID: 31517287 PMCID: PMC6733290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Structural dynamics in lyophilised protein formulations can be probed with terahertz spectroscopy and two glass transition processes, Tg,α and Tg,β, are observed. Vibrational confinement upon thermal activation is observed resulting in no detectable changes in secondary structure but strongly reduced the molecular mobility at temperatures above Tg,α. The confinement was found to be strongly dependent on the formulation. We hypothesise that confinement is linked to conformational states with potential effects on physical and chemical stability of the biomolecule during storage.
Characterising the structural dynamics of proteins and the effects of excipients are critical for optimising the design of formulations. In this work we investigated four lyophilised formulations containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and three formulations containing a monoclonal antibody (mAb, here mAb1), and explored the role of the excipients polysorbate 80, sucrose, trehalose, and arginine on stabilising proteins. By performing temperature variable terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) experiments it is possible to study the vibrational dynamics of these formulations. The THz-TDS measurements reveal two distinct glass transition processes in all tested formulations. The lower temperature transition, Tg,β, is associated with the onset of local motion due to the secondary relaxation whilst the higher temperature transition, Tg,α, marks the onset of the α-relaxation. For some of the formulations, containing globular BSA as well as mAb1, the absorption at terahertz frequencies does not increase further at temperatures above Tg,α. Such behaviour is in contrast to our previous observations for small organic molecules as well as linear polymers where absorption is always observed to steadily increase with temperature due to the stronger absorption of terahertz radiation by more mobile dipoles. The absence of such further increase in absorption with higher temperatures therefore suggests a localised confinement of the protein/excipient matrix at high temperatures that hinders any further increase in mobility. We found that subtle changes in excipient composition had an effect on the transition temperatures Tg,α and Tg,β as well as the vibrational confinement in the solid state. Further work is required to establish the potential significance of the vibrational confinement in the solid state on formulation stability and chemical degradation as well as what role the excipients play in achieving such confinement.
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14
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Ngai K, Hong L, Capaccioli S, Paciaroni A. Uncovering a novel transition in the dynamics of proteins in the dry state. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Terahertz Spectroscopy: An Investigation of the Structural Dynamics of Freeze-Dried Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Microspheres. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060291. [PMID: 31226751 PMCID: PMC6631728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres can be used to encapsulate peptide and offer a promising drug-delivery vehicle. In this work we investigate the dynamics of PLGA microspheres prepared by freeze-drying and the molecular mobility at lower temperatures leading to the glass transition temperature, using temperature-variable terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) experiments. The microspheres were prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double-emulsion technique and subsequent freeze-drying of the samples. Physical characterization was performed by morphology measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and helium pycnometry. The THz-TDS data show two distinct transition processes, Tg,β in the range of 167–219 K, associated with local motions, and Tg,α in the range of 313–330 K, associated with large-scale motions, for the microspheres examined. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements in the mid-infrared, we were able to characterize the interactions between a model polypeptide, exendin-4, and the PLGA copolymer. We observe a relationship between the experimentally determined Tg,β and Tg,α and free volume and microsphere dynamics.
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16
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Kissi EO, Ruggiero MT, Hempel NJ, Song Z, Grohganz H, Rades T, Löbmann K. Characterising glass transition temperatures and glass dynamics in mesoporous silica-based amorphous drugs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19686-19694. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01764j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous drug molecules bound to MPS surface are restricted in mobility, but they exhibit a primary glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ofosu Kissi
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Oslo
- Oslo
- Norway
- Department of Pharmacy
| | | | | | - Zihui Song
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Vermont
- Vermont
- USA
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Copenhagen
- Copenhagen
- Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy
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17
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Shmool TA, Zeitler JA. Insights into the structural dynamics of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid at terahertz frequencies. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of an amorphous copolymer are directly related to the dynamic processes occurring at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia A. Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0AS
- UK
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18
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Takeuchi I, Otsuki M, Kuroda H, Makino K. Estimation of crystallinity of indomethacin by usage of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and calibration curve: Correlation between crystallinity and solubility. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Unexpected Crossover in the kinetics of mutarotation in the supercooled region: the role of H-bonds. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5312. [PMID: 29593302 PMCID: PMC5871794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra- and intermolecular studies on the molten L-sorbose have been carried out at variable temperature conditions to determine the crosover temperature (Tc). In addition, isothermal time-dependent FTIR and Raman measurements were performed to probe the pace of mutarotation and activation energy of this reaction in the studied saccharide, which varied from 53–62 kJ/mol up to 177–192 kJ/mol below and above Tc, respectively. To explain the change in activation barrier for the mutarotation a complementary analysis using difference FTIR spectra collected around Tc = 365 K in the hydroxyl region has been done. It was found that the alteration of kinetic parameters and molecular dynamics around Tc are strictly related to the variation in the strength of H-bonds which above Tc are significantly weaken, increasing the freedom of rotation of functional groups and movement of individual molecules. That phenomenon most likely affects the proton transfer, underlying molecular mechanism of mutarotation, which may lead to the significant increase in activation barrier. The new insight into a molecular aspect of the mutarotation around Tc has created an opportunity to better understanding the relationship between physics of condensed matter and the potential role of H-bonds dynamics on the progress of the chemical reaction in highly viscous systems.
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20
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Terao W, Mori T, Fujii Y, Koreeda A, Kabeya M, Kojima S. Boson peak dynamics of natural polymer starch investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman scattering. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 192:446-450. [PMID: 29216599 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman scattering were performed on the natural polymer starch to investigate the boson peak (BP) dynamics. In the infrared spectrum, the BP was observed at 0.99THz at the lowest temperature. Compared to the result from a previous study for vitreous glucose, both the frequency of the BP and absorption coefficient show lower values than those of the vitreous glucose. These behaviors originate from the longer correlation length of the medium-range order and lower concentration of hydroxyl groups in the starch. In the Raman spectrum, the BP was observed at 1.1THz at room temperature, although the BP was not observed around room temperature due to the excess wing of the fast relaxation modes in the infrared spectrum. The temperature dependence of ε″(ν) during the heating process and cooling process shows a hysteresis below 230K. During the heating process, kinks were observed at 140K and 230K. These kinks are attributed to the β-relaxation and the βwet-relaxation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Terao
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mori
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Fujii
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Koreeda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mikitoshi Kabeya
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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21
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Interpretation of the GHz to THz dielectric relaxation dynamics of water in the framework of the Coupling Model. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Emergence of a substrate-temperature-dependent dielectric process in a prototypical vapor deposited hole-transport glass. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1380. [PMID: 29358585 PMCID: PMC5778027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of ultrastability, vapor deposition has emerged as a relevant tool to further understand the nature of glasses. By this route, the density and average orientation of glasses can be tuned by selecting the proper deposition conditions. Dielectric spectroscopy, on the other hand, is a basic technique to study the properties of glasses at a molecular level, probing the dynamics of dipoles or charge carriers. Here, and for the first time, we explore the dielectric behavior of vapor deposited N,N-Diphenyl-N,N’bis(methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamines (TPD), a prototypical hole-transport material, prepared at different deposition temperatures. We report the emergence of a new relaxation process which is not present in the ordinary glass. We associate this process to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization observed in heterogeneous systems, and induced by the enhanced mobility of charge carriers in the more ordered vapor deposited glasses. Furthermore, the associated activation energy establishes a clear distinction between two families of glasses, depending on the selected substrate-temperature range. This finding positions dielectric spectroscopy as a unique tool to investigate the structural and electronic properties of charge transport materials and remarks the importance of controlling the deposition conditions, historically forgotten in the preparation of optoelectronic devices.
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23
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Quasielastic neutron scattering evidence of coupling of caged molecule dynamics to JG β-relaxation. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Mensink MA, Šibík J, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WLJ, Zeitler JA. Thermal Gradient Mid- and Far-Infrared Spectroscopy as Tools for Characterization of Protein Carbohydrate Lyophilizates. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3550-3557. [PMID: 28874050 PMCID: PMC5627341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Protein
drugs play an important role in modern day medicine. Typically,
these proteins are formulated as liquids requiring cold chain processing.
To circumvent the cold chain and achieve better storage stability,
these proteins can be dried in the presence of carbohydrates. We demonstrate
that thermal gradient mid- and far-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and
THz-TDS, respectively) can provide useful information about solid-state
protein carbohydrate formulations regarding mobility and intermolecular
interactions. A model protein (BSA) was lyophilized in the presence
of three carbohydrates with different size and protein stabilizing
capacity. A gradual increase in mobility was observed with increasing
temperature in formulations containing protein and/or larger carbohydrates
(oligo- or polysaccharides), lacking a clear onset of fast mobility
as was observed for smaller molecules. Furthermore, both techniques
are able to identify the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the samples. FTIR provides additional information
as it can independently monitor changes in protein and carbohydrate
bands at the Tg. Lastly, THz-TDS confirms
previous findings that protein–carbohydrate interactions decrease
with increasing molecular weight of the carbohydrate, which results
in decreased protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mensink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Janssen Vaccines and Prevention , Archimedesweg 4, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Šibík
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom.,F. Hoffmann-La Roche A.G. , Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - H W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K van der Voort Maarschalk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.,Process Technology, Corbion Purac , P.O. Box 21, 4200 AA Gorinchem, The Netherlands
| | - W L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J A Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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25
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Zhang F, Wang HW, Tominaga K, Hayashi M, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Application of THz Vibrational Spectroscopy to Molecular Characterization and the Theoretical Fundamentals: An Illustration Using Saccharide Molecules. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:324-331. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Houng-Wei Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences; National; Taiwan) University 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Keisuke Tominaga
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Michitoshi Hayashi
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences; National; Taiwan) University 1 Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science; Technology and Innovation; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science; Technology and Innovation; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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26
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Ruggiero MT, Krynski M, Kissi EO, Sibik J, Markl D, Tan NY, Arslanov D, van der Zande W, Redlich B, Korter TM, Grohganz H, Löbmann K, Rades T, Elliott SR, Zeitler JA. The significance of the amorphous potential energy landscape for dictating glassy dynamics and driving solid-state crystallisation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:30039-30047. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06664c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We show clear evidence for a theory proposing that the shape and structure of the PES is the fundamental factor underlying the dynamics at temperatures below the glass transition.
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27
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Ngai KL, Capaccioli S, Paciaroni A. Dynamics of hydrated proteins and bio-protectants: Caged dynamics, β-relaxation, and α-relaxation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3553-3563. [PMID: 27155356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The properties of the three dynamic processes, α-relaxation, ν-relaxation, and caged dynamics in aqueous mixtures and hydrated proteins are analogous to corresponding processes found in van der Waals and polymeric glass-formers apart from minor differences. METHODS Collection of various experimental data enables us to characterize the structural α-relaxation of the protein coupled to hydration water (HW), the secondary or ν-relaxation of HW, and the caged HW process. RESULTS From the T-dependence of the ν-relaxation time of hydrated myoglobin, lysozyme, and bovine serum albumin, we obtain Ton at which it enters the experimental time windows of Mössbauer and neutron scattering spectroscopies, coinciding with protein dynamical transition (PDT) temperature Td. However, for all systems considered, the α-relaxation time at Ton or Td is many orders of magnitude longer. The other step change of the mean-square-displacement (MSD) at Tg_alpha originates from the coupling of the nearly constant loss (NCL) of caged HW to density. The coupling of the NCL to density is further demonstrated by another step change at the secondary glass temperature Tg_beta in two bio-protectants, trehalose and sucrose. CONCLUSIONS The structural α-relaxation plays no role in PDT. Since PDT is simply due to the ν-relaxation of HW, the term PDT is a misnomer. NCL of caged dynamics is coupled to density and show transitions at lower temperature, Tg_beta and Tg_alpha. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The so-called protein dynamical transition (PDT) of hydrated proteins is not caused by the structural α-relaxation of the protein but by the secondary ν-relaxation of hydration water. "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Science for Life" Guest Editor: Dr. Austen Angell, Dr. Salvatore Magazù and Dr. Federica Migliardo".
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ngai
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - S Capaccioli
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Paciaroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A Pascoli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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28
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Grzybowska K, Capaccioli S, Paluch M. Recent developments in the experimental investigations of relaxations in pharmaceuticals by dielectric techniques at ambient and elevated pressure. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:158-82. [PMID: 26705851 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing interest in improving the physicochemical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids due to their very promising applications to manufacture medicines characterized by a better water solubility, and consequently by a higher dissolution rate than those of their crystalline counterparts. In this review article, we show that the molecular mobility investigated both in the supercooled liquid and glassy states is the crucial factor required to understand molecular mechanisms that govern the physical stability of amorphous drugs. We demonstrate that pharmaceuticals can be thoroughly examined by means of the broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which is a very useful experimental technique to explore different relaxation processes and crystallization kinetics as well. Such studies conducted in the wide temperature and pressure ranges provide data needed in searching correlations between properties of molecular dynamics and crystallization process, which are aimed at developing effective and efficient methods for stabilizing amorphous drugs.
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29
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Sibik J, Zeitler JA. Direct measurement of molecular mobility and crystallisation of amorphous pharmaceuticals using terahertz spectroscopy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:147-57. [PMID: 26772139 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite much effort in the area, no comprehensive understanding of the formation and behaviour of amorphous solids has yet been achieved. This severely limits the industrial application of such materials, including drug delivery where, in principle, amorphous solids have demonstrated their great usefulness in increasing the bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a relatively novel analytical technique that can be used to measure the fast molecular dynamics of molecules with high accuracy in a non-contact and non-destructive fashion. Over the past decade a number of applications for the characterisation of amorphous drug molecules and formulations have been developed and it has been demonstrated how this technique can be used to determine the onset and strength in molecular mobility that underpins the crystallisation of amorphous drugs. In this review we provide an overview of the history, fundamentals and future perspective of pharmaceutical applications related to the terahertz dynamics of amorphous systems.
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30
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Kaminska E, Tarnacka M, Madejczyk O, Chrobok A, Kaminski K, Paluch M. Observation of the nearly constant loss in super rigid saccharides: in search of a hidden crossover in dynamics deep in the glassy state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8901-10. [PMID: 26958785 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The molecular dynamics of three saccharides: D-glucose, 1,6-anhydro-D-glucose (levoglucosan) and 1,6:2,3-dianhydro-β-D-mannopyranose of various degrees of freedom, number of hydroxyl groups and internal structures was investigated over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies by means of Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Despite the pronounced variety in the physicochemical properties of the carbohydrates, no change in the shape of the structural relaxation process was observed in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature (β(KWW) = 0.5). On the other hand further studies of the Debye-Stokes-Einstein relationship between dc conductivity and structural dynamics revealed some significant changes connected with the ability to form strong H-bonded structures. Moreover the presence of nearly constant loss (NCL) at moderate frequencies and just below the T(g) in the glassy state of levoglucosan and 1,6:2,3-dianhydro-β-D-mannopyranose was noticeable. We followed the temperature evolution of ε'' located at frequencies f = 0.1 kHz and f = 1 kHz, where the NCL is detected. Interestingly, a clear change in the dynamics far below the glass transition was observed in both compounds. This crossover (T(c)), found in different materials, and studied by various experimental techniques, is usually interpreted as being caused by the freezing of the Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation process. Alternatively it can also be due to the increasing anharmonicity in the density of vibrational states. Interestingly, it was shown that the slope of ε''(T) measured above the T(c) slightly changes while below the T(c) stays constant after physical aging. This is related to the densification of the sample that might result in steric hindrance and suppression of some kind of motion occurring in the glassy state, involving the larger parts of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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31
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Pharmaceutical Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4029-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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32
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Changes in dynamics of the glass-forming pharmaceutical nifedipine in binary mixtures with octaacetylmaltose. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Ngai KL, Capaccioli S, Prevosto D, Wang LM. Coupling of Caged Molecule Dynamics to JG β-Relaxation II: Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12502-18. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Ngai
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- State
Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004 China
| | - S. Capaccioli
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D. Prevosto
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State
Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004 China
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34
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Ngai KL, Capaccioli S, Prevosto D, Wang LM. Coupling of Caged Molecule Dynamics to JG β-Relaxation III: van der Waals Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12519-25. [PMID: 26340473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the first two papers separately on the polyalcohols and amorphous polymers of this series, we demonstrated that the fast dynamics observed in the glassy state at high frequencies above circa 1 GHz is the caged dynamics. We showed generally the intensity of the fast caged dynamics changes temperature dependence at a temperature THF nearly coincident with the secondary glass transition temperature Tgβ lower than the nominal glass transition temperature Tgα. The phenomenon is remarkable, since THF is determined from measurements of fast caged dynamics at short time scales typically in the ns to ps range, while Tgβ characterizes the secondary glass transition at which the Johari-Goldstein (JG) β-relaxation time τJG reaches a long time of ∼10(3) s, determined directly either by positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, calorimetry, or low frequency dielectric and mechanical relaxation spectroscopy. The existence of the secondary glass transition originates from the dependence of τJG on density, previously proven by experiments performed at elevated pressure. The fact that THF ≈ Tgβ reflects the density dependence of the caged dynamics and coupling to the JG β-relaxation. The generality of the phenomenon and its theoretical rationalization implies the same should be observable in other classes of glass-formers. In this paper, III, we consider two archetypal small molecular van der Waals glass-formers, ortho-terphenyl and toluene. The experimental data show the same phenomenon. The present paper extends the generality of the phenomenon and explanation from the polyalcohols, a pharmaceutical, and many polymers to the small molecular van der Waals glass-formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ngai
- CNR-IPCF , Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - S Capaccioli
- CNR-IPCF , Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa , Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Prevosto
- CNR-IPCF , Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
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35
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Elsaesser T, Reimann K, Woerner M. Focus: Phase-resolved nonlinear terahertz spectroscopy--From charge dynamics in solids to molecular excitations in liquids. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:212301. [PMID: 26049419 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense terahertz (THz) electric field transients with amplitudes up to several megavolts/centimeter and novel multidimensional techniques are the key ingredients of nonlinear THz spectroscopy, a new area of basic research. Both nonlinear light-matter interactions including the non-perturbative regime and THz driven charge transport give new insight into the character and dynamics of low-energy excitations of condensed matter and into quantum kinetic phenomena. This article provides an overview of recent progress in this field, combining an account of technological developments with selected prototype results for liquids and solids. The potential of nonlinear THz methods for future studies of low-frequency excitations of condensed-phase molecular systems is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Reimann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Bernini S, Leporini D. Short-time elasticity of polymer melts: Tobolsky conjecture and heterogeneous local stiffness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bernini
- Dipartimento Di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”; Università di Pisa; Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 I-56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Dino Leporini
- Dipartimento Di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”; Università di Pisa; Largo B. Pontecorvo 3 I-56127 Pisa Italy
- IPCF-CNR; UOS Pisa Italy
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37
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Capaccioli S, Ngai KL, Thayyil MS, Prevosto D. Coupling of Caged Molecule Dynamics to JG β-Relaxation: I. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:8800-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Capaccioli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - K. L. Ngai
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
- State
Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004 China
| | | | - D. Prevosto
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
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38
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Sibik J, Löbmann K, Rades T, Zeitler JA. Predicting Crystallization of Amorphous Drugs with Terahertz Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3062-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Sibik
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
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39
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Shibata T, Mori T, Kojima S. Low-frequency vibrational properties of crystalline and glassy indomethacin probed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman scattering. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 150:207-211. [PMID: 26051642 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the intermolecular vibrations, the low-frequency modes of the glassy and crystalline states of model pharmaceutical indomethacin have been studied using broadband terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman scattering. In the crystalline γ-form, the center of symmetry was suggested by the observation of the exclusion principle of the infrared (IR) and Raman selection rules in the frequency range between 0.2 and 6.5 THz. In addition, a boson peak of the glassy state was observed in both IR and Raman spectra and their frequency showed apparent discrepancy. The intermediate correlation length of the glassy structure was estimated to be about 2.5 nm. The existence of hydrogen bonded cyclic dimers in a glassy state was suggested by the observation of the infrared active intermolecular vibrational mode of the hydrogen bonded cyclic dimers as a broad peak at 3.0 THz in the IR spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shibata
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Mori
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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40
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Smith G, Hussain A, Bukhari NI, Ermolina I. Quantification of residual crystallinity in ball milled commercially sourced lactose monohydrate by thermo-analytical techniques and terahertz spectroscopy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 92:180-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Tan NY, Zeitler JA. Probing phase transitions in simvastatin with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:810-5. [PMID: 25615410 DOI: 10.1021/mp500649q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin is known to exist in at least three polymorphic forms. The nature of polymorphism in simvastatin is ambiguous, as the crystal structures of the polymorphs do not show any significant change in crystal packing or molecular conformation. We utilize terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to characterize each of the polymorphs and probe the phase transitions in the range of 0.2-3.0 THz and for temperatures ranging from 90 to 390 K. In form III, vibrational modes are observed at 1.0, 1.25, and 1.7 THz. For form I, we find that the spectrum is dominated by a baseline corresponding to libration-vibration motions coupled to the dielectric relaxations, which is characteristic of a disordered hydrogen bonding material but with additional broad vibrational modes at 0.8 and 1.4 THz. In addition, the baseline shifts with temperature similar to that observed in disordered materials. This background absorption exhibits pronounced changes around the phase transition temperatures at 232 and 272 K. The results are in agreement with molecular dynamics simulations, which indicate that changes in the rotational freedom of the ester tail in the molecule govern the polymorphism in simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Y Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
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42
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Parrott EPJ, Zeitler JA. Terahertz time-domain and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy of organic materials. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:1-25. [PMID: 25506684 DOI: 10.1366/14-07707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With the ongoing proliferation of terahertz time-domain instrumentation from semiconductor physics into applied spectroscopy over the past decade, measurements at terahertz frequencies (1 THz ≡ 10(12) Hz ≡ 33 cm(-1)) have attracted a sustained growing interest, in particular the investigation of hydrogen-bonding interactions in organic materials. More recently, the availability of Raman spectrometers that are readily able to measure in the equivalent spectral region very close to the elastic scattering background has also grown significantly. This development has led to renewed efforts in performing spectroscopy at the interface between dielectric relaxation phenomena and vibrational spectroscopy. In this review, we briefly outline the underlying technology, the physical phenomena governing the light-matter interaction at terahertz frequencies, recent examples of spectroscopic studies, and the current state of the art in assigning spectral features to vibrational modes based on computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P J Parrott
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Sar, China
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43
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Tan NY, Ruggiero MT, Orellana-Tavra C, Tian T, Bond AD, Korter TM, Fairen-Jimenez D, Axel Zeitler J. Investigation of the terahertz vibrational modes of ZIF-8 and ZIF-90 with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16037-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental and computational evidence that gate-opening modes for zeolitic imidazole frameworks can be observed at terahertz frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Y. Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
| | | | - Claudia Orellana-Tavra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
| | - Andrew D. Bond
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | | | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
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44
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Li R, D’Agostino C, McGregor J, Mantle MD, Zeitler JA, Gladden LF. Mesoscopic Structuring and Dynamics of Alcohol/Water Solutions Probed by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Pulsed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10156-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502799x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine D’Agostino
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - James McGregor
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - J. Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn F. Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
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Sibik J, Sargent MJ, Franklin M, Zeitler JA. Crystallization and phase changes in paracetamol from the amorphous solid to the liquid phase. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1326-34. [PMID: 24579729 PMCID: PMC3980750 DOI: 10.1021/mp400768m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the case of paracetamol, we show how terahertz time-domain spectroscopy can be used to characterize the solid and liquid phase dynamics. Heating of supercooled amorphous paracetamol from 295 K in a covered sample under vacuum leads to its crystallization at 330 K. First, form III is formed followed by the transformation of form III to form II at 375 K, to form I at 405 K, and finally melting is observed around 455 K. We discuss the difference between the featureless spectra of the supercooled liquid and its liquid melt. Lastly, we studied the onset of crystallization from the supercooled liquid in detail and quantified its kinetics based on the Avrami-Erofeev model. We determined an effective rate constant of k = 0.056 min(-1) with a corresponding onset of crystallization at T = 329.5 K for a heating rate of 0.4 K min(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Sibik
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
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