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Morellon-Sterling R, Tavano O, Bolivar JM, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Vela-Gutiérrez G, Sabir JSM, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Fernandez-Lafuente R. A review on the immobilization of pepsin: A Lys-poor enzyme that is unstable at alkaline pH values. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:682-702. [PMID: 35508226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pepsin is a protease used in many different applications, and in many instances, it is utilized in an immobilized form to prevent contamination of the reaction product. This enzyme has two peculiarities that make its immobilization complex. The first one is related to the poor presence of primary amino groups on its surface (just one Lys and the terminal amino group). The second one is its poor stability at alkaline pH values. Both features make the immobilization of this enzyme to be considered a complicated goal, as most of the immobilization protocols utilize primary amino groups for immobilization. This review presents some of the attempts to get immobilized pepsin biocatalyst and their applications. The high density of anionic groups (Asp and Glu) make the anion exchange of the enzyme simpler, but this makes many of the strategies utilized to immobilize the enzyme (e.g., amino-glutaraldehyde supports) more related to a mixed ion exchange/hydrophobic adsorption than to real covalent immobilization. Finally, we propose some possibilities that can permit not only the covalent immobilization of this enzyme, but also their stabilization via multipoint covalent attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gilber Vela-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Loredo‐Alejos JM, Lucio‐Porto R, Pavón LL, Moreno‐Cortez IE. Pepsin immobilization by electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Loredo‐Alejos
- Fac. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Mexico
- Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) Apodaca Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Raul Lucio‐Porto
- Fac. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Mexico
- Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) Apodaca Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Luis Lopez Pavón
- Fac. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Mexico
- Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) Apodaca Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Ivan E. Moreno‐Cortez
- Fac. de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N San Nicolás de los Garza Nuevo León Mexico
- Centro de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT) Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) Apodaca Nuevo León Mexico
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Gumuscu B, Herr AE. Separation-encoded microparticles for single-cell western blotting. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:64-73. [PMID: 31773114 PMCID: PMC7029799 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00917e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of proteins from single cells has been realized at the microscale using microfluidic channels, capillaries, and semi-enclosed microwell arrays. Although powerful, these formats are constrained, with the enclosed geometries proving cumbersome for multistage assays, including electrophoresis followed by immunoprobing. We introduce a hybrid microfluidic format that toggles between a planar microwell array and a suspension of microparticles. The planar array is stippled in a thin sheet of polyacrylamide gel, for efficient single-cell isolation and protein electrophoresis of hundreds-to-thousands of cells. Upon mechanical release, array elements become a suspension of separation-encoded microparticles for more efficient immunoprobing due to enhanced mass transfer. Dehydrating microparticles offer improved analytical sensitivity owing to in-gel concentration of fluorescence signal for high-throughput single-cell targeted proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gumuscu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA.
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4
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Altinkaynak C, Tavlasoglu S, ÿzdemir N, Ocsoy I. A new generation approach in enzyme immobilization: Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced catalytic activity and stability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Raaijmakers MJT, Schmidt T, Barth M, Tutus M, Benes NE, Wessling M. Enzymatically Active Ultrathin Pepsin Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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6
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Raaijmakers MJT, Schmidt T, Barth M, Tutus M, Benes NE, Wessling M. Enzymatically active ultrathin pepsin membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5910-4. [PMID: 25779668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatically active proteins enable efficient and specific cleavage reactions of peptide bonds. Covalent coupling of the enzymes permits immobilization, which in turn reduces autolysis-induced deactivation. Ultrathin pepsin membranes were prepared by facile interfacial polycondensation of pepsin and trimesoyl chloride. The pepsin membrane allows for simultaneous enzymatic conversion and selective removal of digestion products. The large water fluxes through the membrane expedite the transport of large molecules through the pepsin layers. The presented method enables the large-scale production of ultrathin, cross-linked, enzymatically active membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel J T Raaijmakers
- Inorganic Membranes, University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede (The Netherlands)
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Meridor D, Gedanken A. Enhanced activity of immobilized pepsin nanoparticles coated on solid substrates compared to free pepsin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 67:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Hsu SJ, Lin IJB. Synthesis of Gold Nanosheets through Thermolysis of Mixtures of Long Chain 1-Alkylimidazole and Hydrogen Tetrachloroaurate(III). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Li Y, Quan J, Branford-White C, Williams GR, Wu JX, Zhu LM. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile-glycopolymer nanofibrous membranes for enzyme immobilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Gogoi SK, Paul A, Chattopadhyay A. Galvanic reaction based generation of electronically transparent corrugated Ag–Au nanoparticle thin films. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20211e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Immobilization of urease on nanostructured polymer membrane and preparation of urea amperometric biosensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:620-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vaddiraju S, Burgess DJ, Tomazos I, Jain FC, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Technologies for continuous glucose monitoring: current problems and future promises. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2010; 4:1540-62. [PMID: 21129353 PMCID: PMC3005068 DOI: 10.1177/193229681000400632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Devices for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are currently a major focus of research in the area of diabetes management. It is envisioned that such devices will have the ability to alert a diabetes patient (or the parent or medical care giver of a diabetes patient) of impending hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic events and thereby enable the patient to avoid extreme hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic excursions as well as minimize deviations outside the normal glucose range, thus preventing both life-threatening events and the debilitating complications associated with diabetes. It is anticipated that CGM devices will utilize constant feedback of analytical information from a glucose sensor to activate an insulin delivery pump, thereby ultimately realizing the concept of an artificial pancreas. Depending on whether the CGM device penetrates/breaks the skin and/or the sample is measured extracorporeally, these devices can be categorized as totally invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive. In addition, CGM devices are further classified according to the transduction mechanisms used for glucose sensing (i.e., electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric). However, at present, most of these technologies are plagued by a variety of issues that affect their accuracy and long-term performance. This article presents a critical comparison of existing CGM technologies, highlighting critical issues of device accuracy, foreign body response, calibration, and miniaturization. An outlook on future developments with an emphasis on long-term reliability and performance is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhisagar Vaddiraju
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut
- Biorasis Inc., Technology Incubation Program, University of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut
| | - Diane J Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut
| | - Ioannis Tomazos
- Biorasis Inc., Technology Incubation Program, University of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut
| | - Faquir C Jain
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut
| | - Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut
- Department of Chemistry, University of ConnecticutStorrs, Connecticut
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Vaddiraju S, Tomazos I, Burgess DJ, Jain FC, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Emerging synergy between nanotechnology and implantable biosensors: a review. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:1553-65. [PMID: 20042326 PMCID: PMC2846767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of implantable biosensors for continuous monitoring of metabolites is an area of sustained scientific and technological interests. On the other hand, nanotechnology, a discipline which deals with the properties of materials at the nanoscale, is developing as a potent tool to enhance the performance of these biosensors. This article reviews the current state of implantable biosensors, highlighting the synergy between nanotechnology and sensor performance. Emphasis is placed on the electrochemical method of detection in light of its widespread usage and substantial nanotechnology based improvements in various aspects of electrochemical biosensor performance. Finally, issues regarding toxicity and biocompatibility of nanomaterials, along with future prospects for the application of nanotechnology in implantable biosensors, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhisagar Vaddiraju
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Biorasis Inc., 23 Fellen Road, Storrs, CT 06268
| | | | - Diane J Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Faquir C Jain
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory, Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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14
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Wei D, Ye Y, Jia X, Yuan C, Qian W. Chitosan as an active support for assembly of metal nanoparticles and application of the resultant bioconjugates in catalysis. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Immobilization of carbonic anhydrase by embedding and covalent coupling into nanocomposite hydrogel containing hydrotalcite. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Wu CL, Chen YP, Yang JC, Lo HF, Lin LL. Characterization of lysine-tagged Bacillus stearothermophilus leucine aminopeptidase II immobilized onto carboxylated gold nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Zeng YL, Huang HW, Jiang JH, Tian MN, Li CX, Tang CR, Shen GL, Yu RQ. Novel looped enzyme–polyamidoamine dendrimer nanohybrids used as biosensor matrix. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 604:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Huang XJ, Ge D, Xu ZK. Preparation and characterization of stable chitosan nanofibrous membrane for lipase immobilization. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Tümtürk H, Karaca N, Demirel G, Sahin F. Preparation and application of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide)/κ-Carrageenan hydrogels for immobilization of lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:281-5. [PMID: 16997369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present of this study, two novel polymeric matrixes that are poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide)/kappa-Carrageenan was synthesized and applied for immobilization of lipase. For the immobilization of enzyme, two different immobilization procedures have been carried out via covalently binding and entrapment methods. On the free and immobilized enzymes activities, optimum pH, temperature, storage and thermal stability was investigated. The optimum temperature for free, covalently immobilized and entrapped enzymes was found to be 30, 35 and 30 degrees C, respectively. Optimum pH for both free and immobilized enzymes was also observed at pH 8. Maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) were determined for free and immobilized lipases. Furthermore, the reuse numbers of immobilized enzymes also studied. It was observed that after 40th use in 5 days, the retained activities for covalently immobilized and entrapped lipases were found as 39% and 22%, respectively. Storage and thermal stability of enzyme was also increased by as a result of immobilization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tümtürk
- Gazi University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Laboratory, 06500 Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Simultaneous detection of multiple mutations conferring streptomycin resistance inMycobacterium tuberculosis using nanoscale engineered biomagnetites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02697261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Costa CAR, Leite CAP, Galembeck F. ESI-TEM imaging of surfactants and ions sorbed in Stöber silica nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:7159-66. [PMID: 16893211 DOI: 10.1021/la060389p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of surfactants and NaCl in silica nanosized particles creates unexpected spatial distributions of solutes that were evidenced by electron spectroscopy imaging in the transmission electron microscope (ESI/TEM). The spectral images show that simple ions (Na(+), Cl(-), Br(-)) are actually absorbed within the particles irrespective of their charges, while surfactant chains are adsorbed at the particle surfaces. The expected effect of the surfactants on particle aggregation is also observed in the micrographs. In the case of salt, close-packed silica particle arrays are formed at low ionic strength, but only coarse aggregates form at higher salt concentrations. The particles absorb both Na(+) and Cl(-) ions in similar amounts, from 0.5 mol L(-)(1) NaCl, but Na(+) ions are depleted from the particles' immediate outer vicinity, where Cl(-) ions are in turn accumulated. These results confirm that Stöber silica nanoparticles are highly porous and reveal their potential usefulness as carriers of small molecules and ions, due to the small particle size, exceptional colloidal stability, and this newly found sorption behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A R Costa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, C. Postal 6154, CEP 13084-971, Campinas SP, Brazil
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Ye P, Xu ZK, Wu J, Innocent C, Seta P. Nanofibrous poly(acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid) membranes functionalized with gelatin and chitosan for lipase immobilization. Biomaterials 2006; 27:4169-76. [PMID: 16584770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibrous membranes with an average diameter of 100 and 180 nm were fabricated from poly(acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid) (PANCMA) by the electrospinning process. These nanofibrous membranes contain reactive groups which can be used to covalently immobilize biomacromolecules. Two natural macromolecules, chitosan and gelatin, were tethered on these nanofibrous membranes to fabricate dual-layer biomimetic supports for enzyme immobilization in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxyl succinimide (NHS). Lipase from Candida rugosa was then immobilized on these dual-layer biomimetic supports using glutaraldehyde (GA), and on the nascent PANCMA fibrous membrane using EDC/NHS as coupling agent, respectively. The properties of the immobilized lipases were assayed. It was found that there is an increase of the activity retention of the immobilized lipase on the chitosan-modified nanofibrous membrane (45.6+/-1.8%) and on the gelatin-modified one (49.7+/-1.8%), compared to that on the nascent one (37.6+/-1.8%). The kinetic parameters of the free and immobilized lipases, K(m) and V(max), were also assayed. In comparison with the immobilized lipase on the nascent nanofibrous membrane, there is an increase of the V(max) value for the immobilized lipases on the chitosan- and gelatin-modified nanofibrous membranes. Results also indicate that the pH and thermal stabilities of lipases increase upon immobilization. The residual activities of the immobilized lipases are 55% on the chitosan-modified nanofibrous membrane and 60% on the gelatin-modified one, after 10 uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Institute of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Endo H, Kado Y, Mitsuishi M, Miyashita T. Fabrication of Free-Standing Hybrid Nanosheets Organized with Polymer Langmuir−Blodgett Films and Gold Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma052410j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Endo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuko Kado
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masaya Mitsuishi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tokuji Miyashita
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Yoshino T, Matsunaga T. Efficient and stable display of functional proteins on bacterial magnetic particles using mms13 as a novel anchor molecule. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:465-71. [PMID: 16391079 PMCID: PMC1352229 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.1.465-471.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic particles are increasingly used for various biomedical applications because they are easy to handle and separate from biological samples. In this work, a novel anchor molecule was used for targeted protein display onto magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 synthesizes intracellular bacterial magnetic particles (BMPs) covered with a lipid bilayer membrane. In our recent research, an integral BMP membrane protein, Mms13, was isolated and used as an anchor molecule to display functional proteins onto BMPs. The anchoring properties of Mms13 were confirmed by luciferase fusion studies. The C terminus of Mms13 was shown to be expressed on the surface of BMPs, and Mms13 was bound to magnetite directly and tightly permitting stable localization of a large protein, luciferase (61 kDa), on BMPs. Consequently, luminescence intensity obtained from BMPs using Mms13 as an anchor molecule was >400 or 1,000 times higher than Mms16 or MagA, which previously were used as anchor molecules. Furthermore, the immunoglobulin G-binding domain of protein A (ZZ) was displayed uniformly on BMPs using Mms13, and antigen was detected by transmission electron microscopy using antibody-labeled gold nanoparticles on a single BMP displaying the ZZ-antibody complex. The results of this study demonstrated the utility of Mms13 as a molecular anchor, which will facilitate the assembly of other functional proteins onto BMPs in the near feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yoshino
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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25
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Arıca MY, Bayramoğlu G. Invertase reversibly immobilized onto polyethylenimine-grafted poly(GMA–MMA) beads for sucrose hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bayramoğlu G, Yalçin E, Arıca MY. Immobilization of urease via adsorption onto l-histidine–Ni(II) complexed poly(HEMA-MAH) microspheres: Preparation and characterization. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lala NL, Deivaraj T, Lee JY. Auto-deposition of gold on chemically modified polystyrene beads. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li Z, Liu Z, Zhang J, Han B, Du J, Gao Y, Jiang T. Synthesis of Single-Crystal Gold Nanosheets of Large Size in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14445-8. [PMID: 16852818 DOI: 10.1021/jp0520998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Large-size single-crystal gold nanosheets have been successfully prepared by microwave heating of HAuCl(4) in ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, without any additional template agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the resultant gold nanosheets. It was demonstrated that the ionic liquid could act as template agent for the formation of gold nanosheets. The present synthesis route is very simple and fast. It can be expected that the method can be extended to the fabrication of other metal nanosheets in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Li
- Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Huang Y, Li D, He P, Sun C, Wang M, Li J. Semipermeable membrane embodying noble metal nanoparticles and its electrochemical behaviors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Luo XL, Xu JJ, Du Y, Chen HY. A glucose biosensor based on chitosan–glucose oxidase–gold nanoparticles biocomposite formed by one-step electrodeposition. Anal Biochem 2004; 334:284-9. [PMID: 15494135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric biosensor for the quantitative measurement of glucose is reported. The biosensor is based on a biocomposite that is homogeneous and easily prepared. This biocomposite is made of chitosan hydrogel, glucose oxidase, and gold nanoparticles by a direct and facile electrochemical deposition method under enzyme-friendly conditions. The resulting biocomposite provided a shelter for the enzyme to retain its bioactivity at considerably extreme conditions, and the decorated gold nanoparticles in the biocomposite offer excellent affinity to enzyme. The biosensor exhibited a rapid response (within 7s) and a linear calibration range from 5.0 microM to 2.4 mM with a detection limit of 2.7 microM for the detection of glucose. The combination of gold nanoparticles affinity and the promising feature of the biocomposite with the onestep nonmanual technique favor the sensitive determination of glucose with improved analytical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Liang Luo
- The Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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