1
|
Benmamoun Z, Chandar P, Jankolovits J, Ducker WA. Time-Resolved Killing of Individual Bacterial Cells by a Polycationic Antimicrobial Polymer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3029-3040. [PMID: 38551901 PMCID: PMC11094676 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Polycationic polymers are widely studied antiseptics, and their efficacy is usually quantified by the solution concentration required to kill a fraction of a population of cells (e.g., by Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)). Here we describe how the response to a polycationic antimicrobial varies greatly among members of even a monoclonal population of bacteria bathed in a single common antimicrobial concentration. We use fluorescence microscopy to measure the adsorption of a labeled cationic polymer, polydiallyldimethylammmonium chloride (PDADMAC, Mw ≈ 4 × 105 g mol-1) and the time course of cell response via a cell permeability indicator for each member of an ensemble of either Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. This is a departure from traditional methods of evaluating synthetic antimicrobials, which typically measure the overall response of a collection of cells at a particular time and therefore do not assess the diversity within a population. Cells typically die after they reach a threshold adsorption of PDADMAC, but not always. There is a substantial time lag of about 5-10 min between adsorption and death, and the time to die of an individual cell is well correlated with the rate of adsorption. The amount adsorbed and the time-to-die differ among species but follow a trend of more adsorption on more negatively charged species, as expected for a cationic polymer. The study of individual cells via time-lapse microscopy reveals additional details that are lost when measuring ensemble properties at a particular time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Benmamoun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Prem Chandar
- Unilever
Research, Trumbull, Connecticut 06611, United States
| | - Joe Jankolovits
- Unilever
Research, Trumbull, Connecticut 06611, United States
| | - William A. Ducker
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan C, Wang S, Barboza-Ramos I, Schanze KS. A Perspective Looking Backward and Forward on the 25th Anniversary of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38584485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes are π-conjugated polymers that contain ionic charged groups such as sulfonate (R-SO3-), carboxylate (R-COO-), or ammonium (R-NR3+) combined with a π-conjugated backbone. This perspective provides a summary review of the key developments in the field, starting from the first reports of their synthesis and properties to application-focused developments. The applications include optical sensors for molecular and biomolecular targets, organic electronic applications, and specific biological applications including cellular imaging and photodynamic therapy. This perspective concludes with a discussion of where the field of conjugated polyelectrolytes is expected to lead in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Isaí Barboza-Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun H, Barboza-Ramos I, Wang X, Schanze KS. Phosphonium-Substituted Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Display Efficient Visible-Light-Induced Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38265208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
We report the light-activated antibacterial activity of a new class of phosphonium (R-PMe3+)-substituted conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). These polyelectrolytes feature a poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) conjugated backbone substituted with side groups with the structure -O-(CH2)nPMe3+, where n = 3 or 6. The length of the side groups has an effect on the hydrophobic character of the CPEs and their propensity to interact with bacterial membranes. In a separate study, these phosphonium-substituted PPE CPEs were demonstrated to photosensitize singlet oxygen (1O2) and reactive oxygen species, a key factor for the photoinduced inactivation of bacteria. In this study, in vitro antibacterial assays against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were performed by employing the series of polyelectrolytes under both dark and illumination conditions. In general, the phosphonium-substituted CPEs displayed profound light-activated biocidal activity, with >99% colony forming unit (CFU) reduction after 15 min of light exposure (16 mW cm-2) at a ≤20 μM CPE concentration. Strong biocidal activity was also observed in the dark for a CPE concentration of 20 μM against S. aureus; however, higher concentrations (200 μM) were needed to enable dark inactivation of E. coli. The dark activity is ascribed to bacterial membrane disruption by the CPEs, supported by a correlation of dark biocidal activity with the chain length of the side groups. The light-activated biocidal activity is associated with the ability of the CPEs to sensitize ROS, which is cytotoxic to the microorganisms. Serial dilution bacterial plating experiments revealed that the series of CPEs was able to induce a >5-log kill versus E. coli with 15 min of exposure to a blue LED source (16 mW cm-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Isaí Barboza-Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaya K, Khalil M, Chi EY, Whitten DG. An Effective Approach to the Disinfection of Pathogens: Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes and Oligomers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:2916-2924. [PMID: 37417798 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes and oligomers have demonstrated great effectiveness and versatility as antimicrobial materials. They have the ability to eliminate or render inactive various pathogens, including viruses like SARS-CoV-2, bacteria, and fungi. These pathogens can be rapidly eradicated when the polyelectrolytes and oligomers are applied as sprays, wipes, or coatings on solid surfaces. Inactivation of the pathogens occurs through two distinct processes: a non-light-activated process similar to Quats, and a more efficient and faster process that is triggered by light. These materials possess fluorescence and photosensitizing properties, enabling prolonged protection when coated on surfaces. The level of fluorescence exhibited by samples applied to nonfluorescent surfaces serves as an indicator of the coating's integrity and viability, making it easily detectable. Importantly, these materials demonstrate low toxicity towards mammalian cells and human skin, allowing for their safe use. While they can serve as durable coatings for pathogen protection, extended exposure to visible or ultraviolet light leads to their photochemical degradation. Our research also suggests that these materials act against pathogens through nonspecific mechanisms, minimizing the likelihood of pathogens developing resistance and rendering the materials ineffective.
Collapse
|
5
|
Elgiddawy N, Elnagar N, Korri-Youssoufi H, Yassar A. π-Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles from Design, Synthesis to Biomedical Applications: Sensing, Imaging, and Therapy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2006. [PMID: 37630566 PMCID: PMC10459335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, π-conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have been considered as promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications, and are widely used as probe materials for bioimaging and drug delivery. Due to their distinctive photophysical and physicochemical characteristics, good compatibility, and ease of functionalization, CPNs are gaining popularity and being used in more and more cutting-edge biomedical sectors. Common synthetic techniques can be used to synthesize CPNs with adjustable particle size and dispersion. More importantly, the recent development of CPNs for sensing and imaging applications has rendered them as a promising device for use in healthcare. This review provides a synopsis of the preparation and functionalization of CPNs and summarizes the recent advancements of CPNs for biomedical applications. In particular, we discuss their major role in bioimaging, therapeutics, fluorescence, and electrochemical sensing. As a conclusion, we highlight the challenges and future perspectives of biomedical applications of CPNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Elgiddawy
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, ECBB, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62 511, Egypt
| | - Noha Elnagar
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, ECBB, 91400 Orsay, France
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62 511, Egypt
| | - Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, ECBB, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu Y, Wu W. Conjugated‐Polymer‐Based Photodynamic Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Lu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ponzio RA, Ibarra LE, Achilli EE, Odella E, Chesta CA, Martínez SR, Palacios RE. Sweet light o' mine: Photothermal and photodynamic inactivation of tenacious pathogens using conjugated polymers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112510. [PMID: 36049287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Each year a rising number of infections can not be successfully treated owing to the increasing pandemic of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The global shortage of innovative antibiotics fuels the emergence and spread of drug resistant microbes. Basic research, development, and applications of alternative therapies are urgently needed. Since the 90´s, light-mediated therapies have promised to be the next frontier combating multidrug-resistance microbes. These platforms have demonstrated to be a reliable, rapid, and efficient alternative to eliminate tenacious pathogens while avoiding the emergence of resistance mechanisms. Among the materials showing antimicrobial activity triggered by light, conjugated polymers (CPs) have risen as the most promising option to tackle this complex situation. These materials present outstanding characteristics such as high absorption coefficients, great photostability, easy processability, low cytotoxicity, among others, turning them into a powerful class of photosensitizer (PS)/photothermal agent (PTA) materials. Herein, we summarize and discuss the advances in the field of CPs with applications in photodynamic inactivation and photothermal therapy towards bacteria elimination. Additionally, a section of current challenges and needs in terms of well-defined benchmark experiments and conditions to evaluate the efficiency of phototherapies is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC y CONICET, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefanía E Achilli
- Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-IMBICE (CONICET), Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sol R Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bajer D, Kaczmarek H. Thermal Stability of Fluorescent Chitosan Modified with Heterocyclic Aromatic Dyes. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103667. [PMID: 35629691 PMCID: PMC9147818 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent biopolymer derivatives are increasingly used in biology and medicine, but their resistance to heat and UV radiation, which are sterilizing agents, is relatively unknown. In this work, chitosan (CS) modified by three different heterocyclic aromatic dyes based on benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole (assigned as IBm, BTh, and BOx) has been studied. The thermal properties of these CS derivatives have been determined using the Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled with the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy of volatile degradation products. The influence of UV radiation on the thermal resistance of modified, fluorescent chitosan samples was also investigated. Based on the temperature onset as well as the decomposition temperatures at a maximal rate, IBm was found to be more thermally stable than BOx and BTh. However, this dye gave off the most volatile products (mainly water, ammonia, carbon oxides, and carbonyl/ether compounds). The substitution of dyes for chitosan changes its thermal stability slightly. Characteristic decomposition temperatures in modified CS vary by a few degrees (<10 °C) from the virgin sample. Considering the temperatures of the main decomposition stage, CS-BOx turned out to be the most stable. The UV irradiation of chitosan derivatives leads to minor changes in the thermal parameters and a decrease in the number of volatile degradation products. It was concluded that the obtained CS derivatives are characterized by good resistance to heat and UV irradiation, which extends the possibilities of using these innovative materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Bajer
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (H.K.); Tel.: +48-56-611-4505 (D.B.); +48-56-611-4312 (H.K.)
| | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (H.K.); Tel.: +48-56-611-4505 (D.B.); +48-56-611-4312 (H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Ma J, Li K, Gu S. Selective strategies for antibacterial regulation of nanomaterials. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4852-4864. [PMID: 35425473 PMCID: PMC8981418 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08996j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recalcitrant bacterial infection, as a worldwide challenge, causes large problems for human health and is attracting great attention. The excessive antibiotic-dependent treatment of infections is prone to induce antibiotic resistance. A variety of unique nanomaterials provide an excellent toolkit for killing bacteria and preventing drug resistance. It is of great importance to summarize the design rules of nanomaterials for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. We completed a review involving the strategies for regulating antibacterial nanomaterials. First, we discuss the antibacterial manipulation of nanomaterials, including the interaction between the nanomaterial and the bacteria, the damage of the bacterial structure, and the inactivation of biomolecules. Next, we identify six main factors for controlling the antibacterial activity of nanomaterials, including their element composition, size dimensions, surface charge, surface topography, shape selection and modification density. Every factor possesses a preferable standard for maximizing antibacterial activity, providing universal rules for antibacterial regulation of nanomaterials. We hope this comprehensive review will help researchers to precisely design and synthesize nanomaterials, developing intelligent antibacterial agents to address bacterial infections. This review builds universal design rules for the antibacterial regulation of nanomaterials.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Ma
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kexin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Shaobin Gu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McCuskey SR, Chatsirisupachai J, Zeglio E, Parlak O, Panoy P, Herland A, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Current Progress of Interfacing Organic Semiconducting Materials with Bacteria. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4791-4825. [PMID: 34714064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bioelectronics require interfacing microorganisms with electrodes. The resulting abiotic/biotic platforms provide the basis of a range of technologies, including energy conversion and diagnostic assays. Organic semiconductors (OSCs) provide a unique strategy to modulate the interfaces between microbial systems and external electrodes, thereby improving the performance of these incipient technologies. In this review, we explore recent progress in the field on how OSCs, and related materials capable of charge transport, are being used within the context of microbial systems, and more specifically bacteria. We begin by examining the electrochemical communication modes in bacteria and the biological basis for charge transport. Different types of synthetic organic materials that have been designed and synthesized for interfacing and interrogating bacteria are discussed next, followed by the most commonly used characterization techniques for evaluating transport in microbial, synthetic, and hybrid systems. A range of applications is subsequently examined, including biological sensors and energy conversion systems. The review concludes by summarizing what has been accomplished so far and suggests future design approaches for OSC bioelectronics materials and technologies that hybridize characteristic properties of microbial and OSC systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R McCuskey
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Jirat Chatsirisupachai
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Erica Zeglio
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Onur Parlak
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine(Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,AIMES Center of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patchareepond Panoy
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,AIMES Center of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fedatto Abelha T, Rodrigues Lima Caires A. Light‐Activated Conjugated Polymers for Antibacterial Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Fedatto Abelha
- Laboratory of Optics and Photonics Institute of Physics Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul 79070-900 Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigues Lima Caires
- Laboratory of Optics and Photonics Institute of Physics Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul 79070-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang J, Yang X, Zhao P, Deng H, Zhuo LG, Wang G, Yang Y, Wei H, Zhou Z, Liao W. Investigating Antibacterial Efficiency and Mechanism of Oligo-thiophenes under White Light and Specific Biocidal Activity against E. coli in Dark. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3561-3570. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Gang Zhuo
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanquan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchuan Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu, Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Sichuan 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu, Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Sichuan 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu, Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Sichuan 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu L, Wang X, Zhu S, Li L. Different Surface Interactions between Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers and Biological Targets. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1211-1220. [PMID: 35014474 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent conjugated polymers (CPs) have attracted considerable interest in biosensing owing to their high fluorescence, tunable bandgap, and good biocompatibility. Aiming at acquiring the desired optical responses of CPs for bioapplications, it is essential that the CPs bind to biological targets with high efficacy and affinity. However, the efficient binding of CPs is largely driven by their effective interaction with target surfaces. In this Review, we will focus on the different surface interactions that pervade between CPs and biological targets. The multiple surface interactions can lead to changes in spatial conformation and distribution of CPs, which manifest alterable optical properties of CPs based on accumulation of target-directed CPs, Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism, and metal-enhanced fluorescence mechanism. Then, we display diverse bioapplications applying CPs-based surface interactions, such as cell imaging, imaging-guided detection, and photodynamic therapy. Finally, the challenges and future developments to control the efficient attachment of CPs to biological targets are discussed. We expect that the understanding of surface interactions between CPs and biological targets benefits the CPs-based system design and expands their applications in biological detections and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Z, Lu W, Jia S, Yuan H, Gao LH. Design and Application of Conjugated Polymer Nanomaterials for Detection and Inactivation of Pathogenic Microbes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 4:370-386. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Shaochuan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huanxiang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hua Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Garcia EA, Luo H, Mack CE, Herrera-Alonso M. Effect of side-chain length on solute encapsulation by amphiphilic heterografted brush copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8871-8876. [PMID: 33026038 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic nanomaterials are non-spherical structures that possess unique shape-dependent physicochemical properties and functionalities. Inspired by the abundance of filamentous entities in nature, cylindrical nanostructures have gained significant attention due to their unique performance. Herein, we discuss the effect of side-chain length on the encapsulation properties of amphiphilic heterografted bottlebrushes. We observed that by grafting a long hydrophilic block to the double-brush, we were able to restrict solute-induced conformational changes, thus producing drug-loaded anisotropic carriers. Unimolecular encapsulation in brushes was solute-dependent as shown here for probucol and rose bengal lactone. Stabilization with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer-consisting of the same type of blocks as those comprising the heterografted brush-served to explain the solute-dependent behavior observed for brushes, suggesting that solutes with a higher propensity to nucleation could be more effectively stabilized by the anisotropic carrier in a unimolecular worm-like construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | | | - Courtney E Mack
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Margarita Herrera-Alonso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cao DX, Yan H, Brus VV, Wong MS, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Visualization of Charge Transfer from Bacteria to a Self-Doped Conjugated Polymer Electrode Surface Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40778-40785. [PMID: 32794728 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aim to provide a better understanding of the reasons behind electron transfer inefficiencies between electrogenic bacteria and the electrode in microbial fuel cells. We do so using a self-doped conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) as the electrode surface, onto which Geobacter sulfurreducens is placed, then using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) to directly visualize and quantify the electrons that are transferring from each bacterium to the electrode, thereby helping us gain a better understanding for the overpotential losses in MFCs. In doing so, we obtain images that show G. sulfurreducens can directly transfer electrons to an electrode surface without the use of pili, and that overpotential losses are likely due to cell death and poor distribution or performance of individual bacterium's OmcB cytochromes. This unique combination of CPEs with C-AFM can also be used for other studies where electron transfer loss mechanisms need to be understood on the nanoscale, allowing for direct visualization of potential issues in these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Xi Cao
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hengjing Yan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Viktor V Brus
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Matthew S Wong
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Controllable accumulation of conjugated polymer nanoparticles on the surface of adhesive bacteria. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
20
|
Fu X, Bai H, Lyu F, Liu L, Wang S. Conjugated Polymer Nanomaterials for Phototherapy of Cancer. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
21
|
Anderson CL, Dai N, Teat SJ, He B, Wang S, Liu Y. Electronic Tuning of Mixed Quinoidal‐Aromatic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Direct Ionic Substitution on Polymer Main‐Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Anderson
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Nan Dai
- Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Bo He
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anderson CL, Dai N, Teat SJ, He B, Wang S, Liu Y. Electronic Tuning of Mixed Quinoidal‐Aromatic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Direct Ionic Substitution on Polymer Main‐Chains. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17978-17985. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Anderson
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Nan Dai
- Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Bo He
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lotansing Girase
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyanka Ganeshrao Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradum Pundlikrao Ige
- Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou Z, Ergene C, Lee JY, Shirley DJ, Carone BR, Caputo GA, Palermo EF. Sequence and Dispersity Are Determinants of Photodynamic Antibacterial Activity Exerted by Peptidomimetic Oligo(thiophene)s. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1896-1906. [PMID: 30574776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A library of functionalized oligo(thiophene)s with precisely controlled chain length, regioregularity, sequence, and pendant moieties in the side chains was prepared by iterative convergent/divergent organometallic couplings. The cationic and facially amphiphilic structures were designed to mimic the salient physiochemical features of host defense peptides (HDPs) while concurrently exerting a photodynamic mechanism of antibacterial activity. In the dark, the oligothiophenes exert broad-spectrum and rapid bactericidal activity in the micromolar regime, which is the typical range of HDP activity. Under visible light, the antibacterial potency is enhanced by orders of magnitude, leading to potency in the nanomolar concentration range, whereas the toxicity to red blood cells (RBCs) is almost unaffected by the same visible light exposure. We attribute the potent and selective antibacterial activity to a dual mechanism of action that involves bacterial cell binding, combined with reactive oxygen species production in the bound state. Comonomer sequence and chain length dispersity play important roles in dictating the observed biological activities. The most promising candidate compound from a set of screening experiments showed antibacterial activity that is 3 orders of magnitude more potent against bacteria relative to toxicity against RBCs. Importantly, this compound did not induce resistance upon 21 subinhibitory passages, whereas the activity of ciprofloxacin was reduced 32× in the same condition. Cytotoxicity against HeLa cells in vitro is orders of magnitude weaker than antibacterial activity under visible light illumination. Thus, we have established a new class of HDP-mimetic antibacterial compounds with nanomolar activity and cell type selectivity of greater than 1300-fold. These and related compounds may be highly promising candidates in the urgent search for new topical photodynamic antibacterial formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
| | - Cansu Ergene
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Edmund F Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12054 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Whitten DG, Tang Y, Zhou Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Hill EH, Pappas HC, Donabedian PL, Chi EY. A Retrospective: 10 Years of Oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) Electrolytes: Demystifying Nanomaterials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:307-325. [PMID: 30056722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective, we first reviewed the synthesis of the oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) electrolytes (OPEs) we created in the past 10 years. Since the general antimicrobial activity of these OPEs had been reported in our previous account in Langmuir, we are focusing only on the unusual spectroscopic and photophysical properties of these OPEs and their complexes with anionic scaffolds and detergents in this Feature Article. We applied classical all-atom MD simulations to study the hydrogen bonding environment in the water surrounding the OPEs with and without detergents present. Our finding is that OPEs could form a unit cluster or unit aggregate with a few oppositely charged detergent molecules, indicating that the photostability and photoreactivity of these OPEs might be considerably altered with important consequences to their activity as antimicrobials and fluorescence-based sensors. Thus, in the following sections, we showed that OPE complexes with detergents exhibit enhanced light-activated biocidal activity compared to either OPE or detergent individually. We also found that similar complexes between certain OPEs and biolipids could be used to construct sensors for the enzyme activity. Finally, the OPEs could covalently bind to microsphere surfaces to make a bactericidal surface, which is simpler and more ordered than the surface grafted from microspheres with polyelectrolytes. In the Conclusions and Prospects section, we briefly summarize the properties of OPEs developed so far and future areas for investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Whitten
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Yanli Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Eric H Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Harry C Pappas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Patrick L Donabedian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Eva Y Chi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhai L, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Tang Y. Efficient Antibacterial Performance and Effect of Structure on Property Based on Cationic Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo L, Ge J, Wang P. Polymer Dots as Effective Phototheranostic Agents. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:916-934. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jiechao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu R, Cui Q, Yang Y, Peng R, Li L. Preparation of conjugated polymer nanoparticles with white emission and their application for cell imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
29
|
Liang J, Wu P, Tan C, Jiang Y. White light-induced cell apoptosis by a conjugated polyelectrolyte through singlet oxygen generation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9218-9222. [PMID: 35541876 PMCID: PMC9078657 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00774h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) PPET3 with a poly(p-phenylene ethynylene terthiophene) backbone and quaternary ammonium side chains was designed and synthesized. It serves as an efficient photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy under white light irradiation and induces cell death through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China +86-755-26036533
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China +86-755-26036533
| | - Chunyan Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China +86-755-26036533
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China +86-755-26036533
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Two essential structural elements define a class of materials called conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). The first is a polymer framework with an electronically delocalized, π-conjugated structure. This component allows one to adjust desirable optical and electronic properties, for example the range of wavelengths absorbed, emission quantum yields, electron affinity, and ionization potential. The second defining feature is the presence of ionic functionalities, which are usually linked via tethers that can modulate the distance of the charged groups relative to the backbone. These ionic groups render CPEs distinct relative to their neutral conjugated polymer counterparts. Solubility in polar solvents, including aqueous media, is an immediately obvious difference. This feature has enabled the development of optically amplified biosensor protocols and the fabrication of multilayer organic semiconductor devices through deposition techniques using solvents with orthogonal properties. Important but less obvious potential advantages must also be considered. For example, CPE layers have been used to introduce interfacial dipoles and thus modify the effective work function of adjacent electrodes. One can thereby modulate the barriers for charge injection into semiconductor layers and improve the device efficiencies of organic light-emitting diodes and solar cells. With a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic ionic sites, CPEs can also be used as dispersants for insoluble materials. Narrow band gap CPEs (NBGCPEs) have been studied only recently. They contain backbones that comprise electron-rich and electron-poor fragments, a combination that leads to intramolecular charge transfer excited states and enables facile oxidation and reduction. One particularly interesting combination is NBGCPEs with anionic sulfonate side groups, for which spontaneous self-doping in aqueous media is observed. That no such doping is observed with cationic NBGCPEs indicates that the interplay between electrostatic forces and the redox chemistry of the organic semiconducting chain is essential for stabilizing the polaronic states and increasing the conductivity of the bulk. Capitalizing upon the properties of NBGCPEs has resulted in a range of new applications. When doped, they can be introduced as interlayers in organic and perovskite solar cells. Single-walled carbon nanotubes can be n- or p-doped with NBGCPEs, depending on whether the same backbone contains attached cationic or anionic side groups, respectively. The resulting dispersions can be used to fabricate flexible thermoelectric devices in which the n- and p-semiconductor legs are nearly identical in terms of chemical composition. Electrostatic interactions with negatively charged cell walls, in combination with the long-wavelength absorption and high photothermal efficiencies, have been used to create effective agents for photothermal killing of bacteria. Additionally, recent results have shown that cationic NBGCPEs can effectively n-dope graphene and that this doping is temperature-dependent. The preferential charge carriers can therefore be chosen to be electrons or holes depending on the applied temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Cui
- Department
of Physics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ahmed I, Fang Y, Lu M, Yan Q, Kamel AEHM, Hamblin MR, Dai T. Recent Patents on Light-Based Anti-Infective Approaches. RECENT PATENTS ON ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2018; 13:70-88. [PMID: 29119936 PMCID: PMC5938159 DOI: 10.2174/1872213x11666171108104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious health threats to modern medicine. The lack of potent antibiotics puts us at a disadvantage in the fight against infectious diseases, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant microbial strains. To this end, an urgent need to search for alternative antimicrobial approaches has arisen. In the last decade, light-based anti-infective therapy has made significant strides in this fight to combat antibiotic resistance among various microbial strains. This method includes utilizing antimicrobial blue light, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, and germicidal ultraviolet irradiation, among others. Light-based therapy is advantageous over traditional antibiotics in that it eradicates microbial cells rapidly and the likelihood of light-resistance development by microbes is low. METHODS This review highlights the patents on light-based therapy that were filed approximately within the last decade and are dedicated to eradicating pathogenic microorganisms. The primary database that was used for the search was Google Patents. The searches were performed using the keywords including blue light, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet irradiation, antibiotic resistance, disinfection, bacterium, fungus, and virus. RESULTS Forty-five patents were obtained in our search: 9 patents for the antimicrobial blue light approach, 21 for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, 11 for UV irradiation, and lastly 4 for other light-based anti-infective approaches. The treatments and devices discussed in this review are interestingly enough able to be used in various different functions and settings, such as dental applications, certain eye diseases, skin and hard surface cleansing, decontamination of internal organs (e.g., the stomach), decontamination of apparel and equipment, eradication of pathogenic microorganisms from buildings and rooms, etc. Most of the devices and inventions introduce methods of destroying pathogenic bacteria and fungi without harming human cells and tissues. CONCLUSIONS Light-based antimicrobial approaches hold great promise for the future in regards to treating antibiotic-resistant infections and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmed
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanyan Fang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Lu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quan Yan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmed El-Hussein Mohamed Kamel
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Damavandi M, Pilkington LI, Whitehead KA, Wilson-Nieuwenhuis J, McBrearty J, Dempsey-Hibbert N, Travis-Sejdic J, Barker D. Poly(para-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE)- and poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)-poly[(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC) graft copolymers exhibit selective antimicrobial activity. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
33
|
Meng Z, Hou W, Zhou H, Zhou L, Chen H, Wu C. Therapeutic Considerations and Conjugated Polymer-Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 29251383 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have recently attracted a great deal of attention for applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their light-harvesting capability, efficient energy transfer, and singlet oxygen generation properties. This review describes recent advances in PDT development, including therapeutic mechanisms of PDT in cancer treatments, light excitation methods, and especially recent advances of conjugated polyelectrolytes and conjugated polymer nanoparticles as photosensitizers. The future direction on PDT and further development of conjugated polymer photosensitizers are discussed. The aim of this review is to stimulate innovative ideas to synthesize a new generation of conjugated polymer photosensitizers and promote their translation to clinical applications of PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Weiying Hou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Haobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang P, Li S, Chen H, Wang X, Liu L, Lv F, Wang S. Biofilm Inhibition and Elimination Regulated by Cationic Conjugated Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16933-16938. [PMID: 28480700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that water-soluble conjugated polymers (PFP) have the ability to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate mature established biofilm using reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by PFP under white light irradiation. Upon addition of PFP to planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), electrostatic interactions bring cationic PFP to the surface of S. aureus, which possesses negative charges. As the amount of PFP coated on S. aureus becomes saturated, the interactions of bacteria to bacteria and bacteria to surface may be disrupted, resulting in reduced biofilm formation. After the biofilm matures, those PFP on the surface of the biofilm can generate ROS under white light irradiation, which has the ability to inactivate bacteria nearby. Once the biofilm is broken, PFP can penetrate throughthe biofilm and continuously generate ROS under irradiation, resulting in biofilm disruption. As a consequence, this makes conjugated polymers a very promising material for the disruption of biofilm in biomedical and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, nstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, nstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, nstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, nstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, nstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, nstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, nstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang X, Zhao Q, Li Y, Duan X, Tang Y. Multifunctional Probe Based on Cationic Conjugated Polymers for Nitroreductase-Related Analysis: Sensing, Hypoxia Diagnosis, and Imaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5503-5510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yanru Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of
Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen L, Bai H, Xu JF, Wang S, Zhang X. Supramolecular Porphyrin Photosensitizers: Controllable Disguise and Photoinduced Activation of Antibacterial Behavior. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13950-13957. [PMID: 28414447 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of supramolecular photosensitizers were fabricated from porphyrin derivatives (Por) containing quaternary ammonium groups with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) based on host-guest interactions. The antibacterial activity of Por in the dark could be turned off upon binding with CB[7], whereas the antibacterial activity under white-light illumination could be turned on. In addition, its antibacterial efficiency could be greatly enhanced by introducing metal ions. When Pd(II) was introduced into porphyrin, its antibacterial efficiency was enhanced from 40 to 100%. It should be noted that these small molecules showed little to no cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells even at concentrations higher than those under the antibacterial condition studied. This line of research will provide a strategy for germicides consisting of quaternary ammonium groups to fight against bacterial accumulation in the long term and holds huge potential for application in the real world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Chen
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Each year, the United States spends about $20 billion to treat people who have been infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria. Even so, the development of new antibiotics has slowed considerably since the mid-20th century. As a result, researchers are looking into developing synthetic compounds and materials with antimicrobial activities such as those made by the Schanze and Whitten groups [ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3, 2820 (2011)]. Previously, they have demonstrated that poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) based electrolytes and oligomeric end-only phenylene ethynylene (EO-OPE) based electrolytes possess strong biocidal activity. However, before the PPE and OPE can be used with humans, skin irritation tests are required to ensure their safety. In this work, in vitro skin assays are used to predict in vivo irritation. Tissues were conditioned for 24 h, exposed to test substances for 1 h, and then tested for viability using colorimetric and cytokine assays. Concentrations up to 50 μg/ml were tested. Viability assays and cytokine (IL-1α) assays demonstrated that the two polymers, three symmetric oligomers, and three "end only" oligomers were nonirritants. In addition, electrospun mats consisting of several promising compounds, including poly(caprolactone), were evaluated. Therefore, all test substances are conservatively classified as nonirritants after a 1 h exposure time period.
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu P, Xu N, Tan C, Liu L, Tan Y, Chen Z, Jiang Y. Light-Induced Translocation of a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte in Cells: From Fluorescent Probe to Anticancer Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10512-10518. [PMID: 28287688 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dual-functional probes, which not only enable visualization of diseased cells but also induce therapeutic cellular responses, are essential to biological studies. In the current work, a conjugated polyelectrolyte, PPET3-N2, was designed and synthesized as a dual-functional probe. The poly(phenylene ethynylene) terthiophene polymer backbone contributes to the polymer's light-harvesting property to ensure the strong fluorescence as well as photosensitization, whereas quantanary ammonium side chains interact with target organelle for localization. As a fluorescent probe, PPET3-N2 was endocytosed to lysosomes through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and macropinocytosis (MPC) pathways. Colocalization of the probe with commercial fluorescent lysosome labels confirmed that this probe localized on lysosomes with high specificity and photostability. Real-time monitoring of autolysosome formation in autophagic cells was also demonstrated, providing a viable platform for cell-based screening of autophagy inhibitors. Finally, as a photosensitizer, PPET3-N2 can efficiently generate singlet oxygen in living cells upon irradiation of white light, leading to the destruction of lysosome membrane and release of ROS and lysosomal enzymes in cytoplasma, causing cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, ∥Open FIESTA Center, and ⊥The Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Naihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, ∥Open FIESTA Center, and ⊥The Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, ∥Open FIESTA Center, and ⊥The Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, ∥Open FIESTA Center, and ⊥The Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, ∥Open FIESTA Center, and ⊥The Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, ∥Open FIESTA Center, and ⊥The Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, ∥Open FIESTA Center, and ⊥The Key Lab in Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen Z, Yuan H, Liang H. Synthesis of Multifunctional Cationic Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) for Selectively Killing Bacteria and Lysosome-Specific Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9260-9264. [PMID: 28266207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a cationic polymer was synthesized to bear quaternized N-methyl-imidazole groups in the side chains. Positively charged PPV-M could selectively bind to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria over fungi and exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity with the aid of white light because PPV-M could sensitize oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that would damage bacteria. In addition, green fluorescent and positively charged PPV-M has the ability to enter mammalian cells and be specifically accumulated in lysosome. Moreover, PPV-M could stay in live cells for a relatively long time, which implies that PPV-M has the potential to be a long-term imaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huanxiang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang J, Zhuo L, Liao W, Yang X, Tang Z, Chen Y, Luo S, Zhou Z. Assessing the Biocidal Activity and Investigating the Mechanism of Oligo-p-phenylene-ethynylenes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7964-7971. [PMID: 28221027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of oligo-p-phenylene-ethynylenes (OPEs) have exhibited excellent biocidal activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Although cell death may occur in the dark, these biocidal compounds are far more effective in the light as a result of their abilities to generate cell-damaging reactive oxygen species. In this study, the interactions of four OPEs with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus have been investigated. Compared to the OPEs with quaternary ammonium salts (Q-OPE), the OPEs with tertiary ammonium (T-OPE) effectively kill many more bacterial cells under light irradiation, presumably by severe perturbations of the bacterial cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. According to the findings from this study, such intriguing light-induced antibacterial behavior is probably attributed to the combination of bacterial membrane disruption and the interfacial or intracellular generation of singlet oxygen or other ROS. Singlet oxygen was proved to be formed from irradiation of the OPEs, whereas the varying cell membrane perturbation abilities of OPEs enhance antibacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics , 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangang Zhuo
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics , 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics , 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics , 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre , Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre , Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University , Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunzhong Luo
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics , 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics , 64 Mianshan Road, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Luo H, Szymusiak M, Garcia EA, Lock LL, Cui H, Liu Y, Herrera-Alonso M. Solute-Triggered Morphological Transitions of an Amphiphilic Heterografted Brush Copolymer as a Single-Molecule Drug Carrier. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Szymusiak
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | | | | | | | - Ying Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bai H, Zhang H, Hu R, Chen H, Lv F, Liu L, Wang S. Supramolecular Conjugated Polymer Systems with Controlled Antibacterial Activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1116-1120. [PMID: 28056503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections of antibiotic-resistant pathogens have caused a series of public health crises across the world. According to the latest published reports, an antibiotic switch has been recognized as a potential strategy to control antibacterial activity for combating this serious drug resistance. Thus, it is anticipated that more effective antibiotic switches should be obtained by further exploring the developed strategies. Here, we report an improved pretreatment strategy using a surfactant (Triton X-100) for constructing an effective supramolecular antibiotic switch based on a poly(fluorene-co-phenylene) derivative (PFP) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), which can regulate the aggregation state of polymers before the supramolecular self-assembly process occurs. Triton X-100 can regulate the aggregation states of conjugated polymers, which is used to successfully realize the reversible control of bactericidal activity of PFP in the dark and under white light irradiation by supramolecular assembly/disassembly between PFP and CB[7]. Specialized antibiotic switches are significantly important to fight pathogenic infections and solve the drug resistance crisis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li J, Zhao Q, Shi F, Liu C, Tang Y. NIR-Mediated Nanohybrids of Upconversion Nanophosphors and Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers for High-Efficiency Antibacterial Performance Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2967-2971. [PMID: 27925460 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A novel nanohybrid comprised of upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) and fluorescent conjugated polymers (PFVCN) is rationally fabricated. The new UCNP/PFVCN nanohybrids combine the excellent antibacterial ability of PFVCN and the near IR (NIR) absorbing property of UCNPs, which allows for NIR-mediated antibacterial through the effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer from UCNPs to PFVCN accompanied with generation of reactive oxygen species to kill bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province; Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
dos Santos AP, Girotto M, Levin Y. Simulations of Polyelectrolyte Adsorption to a Dielectric Like-Charged Surface. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10387-10393. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P. dos Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Girotto
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Yan Levin
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15051, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Feng Q, Tong R. Anticancer nanoparticulate polymer-drug conjugate. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:277-296. [PMID: 29313017 PMCID: PMC5689533 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review recent progress in polymer-drug conjugate for cancer nanomedicine. Polymer-drug conjugates, including the nanoparticle prepared from these conjugates, are designed to release drug in tumor tissues or cells in order to improve drugs' therapeutic efficacy. We summarize general design principles for the polymer-drug conjugate, including the synthetic strategies, the design of the chemical linkers between the drug and polymer in the conjugate, and the in vivo drug delivery barriers for polymer-drug conjugates. Several new strategies, such as the synthesis of polymer-drug conjugates and supramolecular-drug conjugates, the use of stimulus-responsive delivery, and triggering the change of the nanoparticle physiochemical properties to over delivery barriers, are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanyou Feng
- Dept. of Chemical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University635 Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVA24061
| | - Rong Tong
- Dept. of Chemical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University635 Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVA24061
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bai H, Lv F, Liu L, Wang S. Supramolecular Antibiotic Switches: A Potential Strategy for Combating Drug Resistance. Chemistry 2016; 22:11114-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Organic Solids; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
D'Angelo PA, Bromberg L, Hatton TA, Wilusz E. Sensing and inactivation of Bacillus anthracis Sterne by polymer-bromine complexes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6847-6857. [PMID: 27087522 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report on the performance of brominated poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP-Br), brominated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-Br), and brominated poly(allylamine-co-4-aminopyridine) (PAAm-APy-Br) for their ability to decontaminate Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores in solution while also allowing for the sensing of the spores. The polymers were brominated by bromine using carbon tetrachloride or potassium tribromide as solvents, with bromine loadings ranging from 1.6 to 4.2 mEq/g of polymer. B. anthracis Sterne spores were exposed to increasing concentrations of brominated polymers for 5 min, while the kinetics of the sporicidal activity was assessed. All brominated polymers demonstrated spore log-kills of 8 within 5 min of exposure at 12 mg/mL aqueous polymer concentration. Sensing of spores was accomplished by measuring the release of dipicolinic acid (DPA) from the spore using time-resolved fluorescence. Parent, non-brominated polymers did not cause any release of DPA and the spores remained viable. In contrast, spores exposed to the brominated polymers were inactivated and the release of DPA was observed within minutes of exposure. Also, this release of DPA continued for a long time after spore inactivation as in a controlled release process. The DPA release was more pronounced for spores exposed to brominated PVP and brominated PEG-8000 compared to brominated PAAm-APy and brominated PEG-400. Using time-resolved fluorescence, we detected as low as 2500 B. anthracis spores, with PEG-8000 being more sensitive to low spore numbers. Our results suggest that the brominated polymers may be used effectively as decontamination agents against bacterial spores while also providing the sensing capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola A D'Angelo
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Warfighter Directorate, 15 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - Lev Bromberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eugene Wilusz
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Warfighter Directorate, 15 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Reusable nanoengineered surfaces for bacterial recruitment and decontamination. Biointerphases 2016; 11:019003. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4939239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
49
|
Zhao Q, Li J, Zhang X, Li Z, Tang Y. Cationic Oligo(thiophene ethynylene) with Broad-Spectrum and High Antibacterial Efficiency under White Light and Specific Biocidal Activity against S. aureus in Dark. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1019-1024. [PMID: 26671682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a novel oligo(thiophene ethynylene) (OTE) to investigate the antibacterial activities against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Ralstonia solanacearum and Escherichia coli) bacteria in vitro by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Notably, OTE presents broad-spectrum and greatly high antibacterial activities after white light irradiation at nanogram per milliliter concentrations. The half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values obtained for S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and R. solanacearum are 8, 13, 24, and 52 ng/mL after illumination for 30 min, respectively, which are lower than that of other PDT agents. Interestingly, OTE shows the specific and very strong dark killing capability against S. aureus at the concentration of 180 ng/mL for 30 min, which is the highest efficiency biocide against S. aureus without the need of irradiation to date. The antibacterial mechanism investigated demonstrated that reactive oxygen species or singlet-oxygen generated by OTE kills bacteria irreversibly upon white light irradiation, and OTE as a v-type oligomer exerts its toxicity directly on destroying bacterial cytoplasmic membrane in the dark. Importantly, the OTE shows no cell cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. The results indicate that it is potential to provide versatile applications in the efficient control of pathogenic organisms and specific application for killing S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Junting Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zhengping Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pappas HC, Phan S, Yoon S, Edens LE, Meng X, Schanze KS, Whitten DG, Keller DJ. Self-Sterilizing, Self-Cleaning Mixed Polymeric Multifunctional Antimicrobial Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27632-8. [PMID: 26596644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation is quickly becoming a strategy for the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. We demonstrate a basic strategy for surface modification that combines the ability to control attachment by microbes with the ability to inactivate microbes. The surface consists of two active materials: poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)-based polymers, which can inactivate a wide range of microbes and pathogens, and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based polymers, which can switch between an hydrophobic "capture" state and a hydrophilic "release" state. The combination of these materials creates a surface that can both bind microbes in a switchable way and kill surface-bound microbes efficiently. Considerable earlier work with cationic poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) polyelectrolytes has demonstrated and characterized their antimicrobial properties, including the ability to efficiently destroy or deactivate Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Similarly, much work has shown (1) that surface-polymerized films of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are able to switch their surface thermodynamic properties from a swollen, relatively hydrophilic state at low temperature to a condensed, relatively hydrophobic state at higher temperature, and (2) that this switch can control the binding and/or release of microbes to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) surfaces. The active surfaces described herein were fabricated by first creating a film of biocidal poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) using layer-by-layer methods, and then conferring switchable adhesion by growing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) through the poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) layer, using surface-attached polymerization initiators. The resulting multifunctional, complex films were then characterized both physically and functionally. We demonstrate that such films kill and subsequently induce widespread release of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Pappas
- Department of Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Samantha Phan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Suhyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Lance E Edens
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - Xiangli Meng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - David G Whitten
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| | - David J Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1341, United States
| |
Collapse
|