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Dhont JKG, Briels WJ. Temperature-induced migration of electro-neutral interacting colloidal particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:457-471. [PMID: 38608640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Migration of colloidal particles induced by temperature gradients is commonly referred to as thermodiffusion, thermal diffusion, or the (Ludwig-)Soret effect. The thermophoretic force experienced by a colloidal particle that drives thermodiffusion consists of two distinct contributions: a contribution resulting from internal degrees of freedom of single colloidal particles, and a contribution due to the interactions between the colloids. We present an irreversible thermodynamics based theory for the latter collective contribution to the thermophoretic force. The present theory leads to a novel "thermophoretic interaction force" (for uncharged colloids), which has not been identified in earlier approaches. In addition, an N-particle Smoluchowski equation including temperature gradients is proposed, which complies with the irreversible thermodynamics approach. A comparison with experiments on colloids with a temperature dependent attractive interaction potential over a large concentration and temperature range is presented. The comparison shows that the novel thermophoretic interaction force is essential to describe data on the Soret coefficient and the thermodiffusion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K G Dhont
- Forschungszentrum Juelich, Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes (IBI-4), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Juelich, Germany; Heinrich Heine Universitaet, Department of Physics, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. https://www.fz-juelich.de/en/ibi/ibi-4
| | - W J Briels
- Forschungszentrum Juelich, Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes (IBI-4), Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Juelich, Germany; University of Twente, Computational Chemical Physics, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands. https://www.utwente.nl/en/tnw/ccp/
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2
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Machado LO, Reis D, Figueiredo Neto AM. The Soret coefficient of human low-density lipoprotein in solution: a thermophilic behavior. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:124. [PMID: 38060052 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermodiffusion, or Soret effect, is the physical phenomenon of matter gradients originated by the migration of chemical species induced by thermal gradients. Thermodiffusion has been widely applied in the study of colloidal suspensions. In this study, we investigate the termodiffusion behavior of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, by the Soret coefficient measurement. It is a new approach to studies of plasma lipoproteins. The experimental work was based on thermal- and Soret-lens effects. These effects were induced by laser irradiation of the samples, at two different time scales, in a Z-scan setup. LDL samples were analyzed under physiological conditions, notedly, ionic strength and pH, and at different temperatures. Temperature dependence of Soret coefficient showed a slight decrease in the absolute value of this coefficient, as a function of temperature increasing. However, its sign does not change at the temperatures investigated (15, 22.5 and 37.5 °C). The results show that LDL particles exhibit thermophilic behavior. The origin of this thermophilic behavior is not yet completely understood. We discuss some aspects that can be related with the Soret effect in LDL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennys Reis
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Ding H, Kollipara PS, Yao K, Chang Y, Dickinson DJ, Zheng Y. Multimodal Optothermal Manipulations along Various Surfaces. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9280-9289. [PMID: 37017427 PMCID: PMC10391738 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have provided tremendous opportunities for fundamental studies and applications in the life sciences, chemistry, and physics by offering contact-free manipulation of small objects. However, it requires sophisticated real-time imaging and feedback systems for conventional optical tweezers to achieve controlled motion of micro/nanoparticles along textured surfaces, which are required for such applications as high-resolution near-field characterizations of cell membranes with nanoparticles as probes. In addition, most optical tweezers systems are limited to single manipulation modes, restricting their broader applications. Herein, we develop an optothermal platform that enables the multimodal manipulation of micro/nanoparticles along various surfaces. Specifically, we achieve the manipulation of micro/nanoparticles through the synergy between the optical and thermal forces, which arise due to the temperature gradient self-generated by the particles absorbing the light. With a simple control of the laser beam, we achieve five switchable working modes [i.e., tweezing, rotating, rolling (toward), rolling (away), and shooting] for the versatile manipulation of both synthesized particles and biological cells along various substrates. More interestingly, we realize the manipulation of micro/nanoparticles on rough surfaces of live worms and their embryos for localized control of biological functions. By enabling the three-dimensional control of micro/nano-objects along various surfaces, including topologically uneven biological tissues, our multimodal optothermal platform will become a powerful tool in life sciences, nanotechnology, and colloidal sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kan Yao
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiran Chang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Daniel J Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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4
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Xu H, Zheng X, Shi X. Surface hydrophilicity-mediated migration of nano/microparticles under temperature gradient in a confined space. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 637:489-499. [PMID: 36724663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Particle transport by a temperature gradient is prospective in many biomedical applications. However, the prevalence of boundary confinement in practical use introduces synergistic effects of thermophoresis and thermo-osmosis, causing controversial phenomena and great difficulty in understanding the mechanisms. EXPERIMENTS We developed a microfluidic chip with a uniform temperature gradient and switchable substrate hydrophilicity to measure the migrations of various particles (d = 200 nm - 2 μm), through which the effects of particle thermophoresis and thermo-osmotic flow from the substrate surface were decoupled. The contribution of substrate hydrophilicity on thermo-osmosis was examined. Thermophoresis was measured to clarify its dependence on particle size and hydrophilicity. FINDINGS This paper reports the first experimental evidence of a large enthalpy-dependent thermo-osmotic mobility χ ∼ ΔH on a hydrophobic polymer surface, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than that on hydrophilic surfaces. The normalized Soret coefficient for polystyrene particles, ST/d = 18.0 K-1µm-1, is confirmed to be constant, which helps clarify the controversy of the size dependence. Besides, the Soret coefficient of hydrophobic proteins is approximately-four times larger than that of hydrophilic extracellular vesicles. These findings suggest that the intrinsic slip on the hydrophobic surface could enhance both surface thermo-osmosis and particle thermophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Xu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Ding H, Chen Z, Kollipara PS, Liu Y, Kim Y, Huang S, Zheng Y. Programmable Multimodal Optothermal Manipulation of Synthetic Particles and Biological Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10878-10889. [PMID: 35816157 PMCID: PMC9901196 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Optical manipulation of tiny objects has benefited many research areas ranging from physics to biology to micro/nanorobotics. However, limited manipulation modes, intense lasers with complex optics, and applicability to limited materials and geometries of objects restrict the broader uses of conventional optical tweezers. Herein, we develop an optothermal platform that enables the versatile manipulation of synthetic micro/nanoparticles and live cells using an ultralow-power laser beam and a simple optical setup. Five working modes (i.e., printing, tweezing, rotating, rolling, and shooting) have been achieved and can be switched on demand through computer programming. By incorporating a feedback control system into the platform, we realize programmable multimodal control of micro/nanoparticles, enabling autonomous micro/nanorobots in complex environments. Moreover, we demonstrate in situ three-dimensional single-cell surface characterizations through the multimodal optothermal manipulation of live cells. This programmable multimodal optothermal platform will contribute to diverse fundamental studies and applications in cellular biology, nanotechnology, robotics, and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yaoran Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Youngsun Kim
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Suichu Huang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education and School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhijie St., Harbin 15001, China
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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6
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Bresme F, Olarte-Plata JD, Chapman A, Albella P, Green C. Thermophoresis and thermal orientation of Janus nanoparticles in thermal fields. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:59. [PMID: 35809145 PMCID: PMC9271122 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermal fields provide a route to control the motion of nanoparticles and molecules and potentially modify the behaviour of soft matter systems. Janus nanoparticles have emerged as versatile building blocks for the self-assembly of materials with novel properties. Here we investigate using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations the behaviour of coarse-grained models of Janus nanoparticles under thermal fields. We examine the role of the heterogeneous structure of the particle on the Soret coefficient and thermal orientation by studying particles with different internal structures, mass distribution, and particle-solvent interactions. We also examine the thermophoretic response with temperature, targeting liquid and supercritical states and near-critical conditions. We find evidence for a significant enhancement of the Soret coefficient near the critical point, leading to the complete alignment of a Janus particle in the thermal field. This behaviour can be modelled and rationalized using a theory that describes the thermal orientation with the nanoparticle Soret coefficient, the mass and interaction anisotropy of the Janus nanoparticle, and the thermal field's strength. Our simulations show that the mass anisotropy plays a crucial role in driving the thermal orientation of the Janus nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Juan D Olarte-Plata
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aidan Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Pablo Albella
- Department of Applied Physics (Group of Optics), University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n, Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Calum Green
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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7
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Ding H, Kollipara PS, Kim Y, Kotnala A, Li J, Chen Z, Zheng Y. Universal optothermal micro/nanoscale rotors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8498. [PMID: 35704582 PMCID: PMC9200276 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rotation of micro/nano-objects is important for micro/nanorobotics, three-dimensional imaging, and lab-on-a-chip systems. Optical rotation techniques are especially attractive because of their fuel-free and remote operation. However, current techniques require laser beams with designed intensity profile and polarization or objects with sophisticated shapes or optical birefringence. These requirements make it challenging to use simple optical setups for light-driven rotation of many highly symmetric or isotropic objects, including biological cells. Here, we report a universal approach to the out-of-plane rotation of various objects, including spherically symmetric and isotropic particles, using an arbitrary low-power laser beam. Moreover, the laser beam is positioned away from the objects to reduce optical damage from direct illumination. The rotation mechanism based on opto-thermoelectrical coupling is elucidated by rigorous experiments combined with multiscale simulations. With its general applicability and excellent biocompatibility, our universal light-driven rotation platform is instrumental for various scientific research and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Youngsun Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Abhay Kotnala
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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8
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Chen J, Zeng Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Jia B, Miyan R, Zhang T, Sang W, Wang Y, Qiu H, Qu J, Ho HP, Gao BZ, Shao Y, Gu Y. Optothermophoretic flipping method for biomolecule interaction enhancement. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 204:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Progress in optical manipulation has stimulated remarkable advances in a wide range of fields, including materials science, robotics, medical engineering, and nanotechnology. This Review focuses on an emerging class of optical manipulation techniques, termed heat-mediated optical manipulation. In comparison to conventional optical tweezers that rely on a tightly focused laser beam to trap objects, heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques exploit tailorable optothermo-matter interactions and rich mass transport dynamics to enable versatile control of matter of various compositions, shapes, and sizes. In addition to conventional tweezing, more distinct manipulation modes, including optothermal pulling, nudging, rotating, swimming, oscillating, and walking, have been demonstrated to enhance the functionalities using simple and low-power optics. We start with an introduction to basic physics involved in heat-mediated optical manipulation, highlighting major working mechanisms underpinning a variety of manipulation techniques. Next, we categorize the heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques based on different working mechanisms and discuss working modes, capabilities, and applications for each technique. We conclude this Review with our outlook on current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving field of heat-mediated optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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10
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Karmakar R, Chakrabarti J. A long-range order in a thermally driven system with temperature-dependent interactions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:867-876. [PMID: 35001096 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of macro-molecules under an external force is far from being understood. An important driving situation is achieved by temperature difference. Inter-particle interactions in metallic nanoparticles with ligand capping are reported to be sensitive to temperature and the zeta potential of the particles being reduced in the cold region. Such particles form aggregates in the cold region of the system in the presence of temperature difference. Here we study the aggregation of particles in the presence of temperature difference with temperature-dependent interaction parameters using Brownian dynamics simulation. The particle interaction and particle diffusion are considered to be sensitive to the local temperature. We identify a long-range structural order in the cold region of the system using the Avrami equation for crystal growth kinetics. Our observations might be useful in designing ordered structures with macro-molecules under non-equilibrium steady-state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Karmakar
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - J Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
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11
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Herrero C, De San Féliciano M, Merabia S, Joly L. Fast and versatile thermo-osmotic flows with a pinch of salt. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:626-631. [PMID: 34989386 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06998e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-osmotic flows - flows generated in micro and nanofluidic systems by thermal gradients - could provide an alternative approach to harvest waste heat. However, such use would require massive thermo-osmotic flows, which are up to now only predicted for special and expensive materials. Thus, there is an urgent need to design affordable nanofluidic systems displaying large thermo-osmotic coefficients. In this paper, we propose a general model for thermo-osmosis of aqueous electrolytes in charged nanofluidic channels, taking into account hydrodynamic slip, together with the different solvent and solute contributions to the thermo-osmotic response. We apply this model to a wide range of systems by studying the effects of wetting, salt type and concentration, and surface charge. We show that intense thermo-osmotic flows can be generated using slipping charged surfaces. We also predict for intermediate wettings a transition from a thermophobic to a thermophilic behavior depending on the surface charge and salt concentration. Overall, this theoretical framework opens an avenue for controlling and manipulating thermally induced flows with common charged surfaces and a pinch of salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Herrero
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Michael De San Féliciano
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Samy Merabia
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Joly
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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12
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Abstract
Single-ion Soret coefficients αi characterize the tendency of ions in an electrolyte solution to move in a thermal gradient. When these coefficients differ between cations and anions, an electric field can be generated. For this so-called electrolyte Seebeck effect to occur, different thermodiffusive fluxes need to be blocked by boundaries-electrodes, for example. Local charge neutrality is then broken in the Debye-length vicinity of the electrodes. Confusingly, many authors point to these regions as the source of the thermoelectric field yet ignore them in derivations of the time-dependent Seebeck coefficient S(t), giving a false impression that the electrolyte Seebeck effect is purely a bulk phenomenon. Without enforcing local electroneutrality, we derive S(t) generated by a binary electrolyte with arbitrary ionic valencies subject to a time-dependent thermal gradient. Next, we experimentally measure S(t) for five acids, bases, and salts near titanium electrodes. For the steady state, we find S ≈ 2 mV K-1 for many electrolytes, roughly one order of magnitude larger than the predictions based on literature αi. We fit our expression for S(t) to the experimental data, treating the αi as fit parameters, and also find larger-than-literature values, accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Sehnem
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathijs Janssen
- Department of Mathematics, Mechanics Division, University of Oslo, N-0851 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Abstract
The optical manipulation of tiny objects is significant to understand and to explore the unknown in the microworld, which has found many applications in materials science and life science. Physically speaking, these technologies arise from direct or indirect optomechanical coupling to convert incident optical energy to mechanical energy of target objects, while their efficiency and functionalities are determined by the coupling behavior. Traditional optical tweezers stem from direct light-to-matter momentum transfer, and the generation of an optical gradient force requires high optical power and rigorous optics. As a comparison, the opto-thermophoretic manipulation techniques proposed recently originate from high-efficiency opto-thermomechanical coupling and feature low optical power. Through rational design of the light-generated temperature gradient and exploring the mechanical response of diverse targets to the temperature gradient, a variety of opto-thermophoretic techniques were developed, which exhibit broad applicability to a wide range of target objects from colloid materials to biological cells to biomolecules. In this review, we will discuss the underlying mechanism of thermophoresis in different liquid environments, the cutting-edge technological innovation, and their applications in colloidal science and life science. We also provide a brief outlook on the existing challenges and anticipate their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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14
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Würger A. Thermoelectric Ratchet Effect for Charge Carriers with Hopping Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:068001. [PMID: 33635717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.068001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that the huge Seebeck coefficients observed recently for ionic conductors arise from a ratchet effect where activated jumps between neighbor sites are rectified by a temperature gradient, thus driving mobile ions toward the cold. For complex systems with mobile molecules like water or polyethylene glycol, there is an even more efficient diffusiophoretic transport mechanism, proportional to the thermally induced concentration gradient of the molecular component. Without free parameters, our model describes experiments on the ionic liquid EMIM-TFSI and hydrated NaPSS, and it qualitatively accounts for polymer electrolyte membranes with Seebeck coefficients of hundreds of k_{B}/e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Würger
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS, LOMA (UMR 5798), 33405 Talence, France
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Chen Z, Kollipara PS, Ding H, Pughazhendi A, Zheng Y. Liquid Optothermoelectrics: Fundamentals and Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1315-1336. [PMID: 33410698 PMCID: PMC7856676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Liquid thermoelectricity describes the redistribution of ions in an electrolytic solution under the influence of temperature gradients, which leads to the formation of electric fields. The thermoelectric field is effective in driving the thermophoretic migration of charged colloidal particles for versatile manipulation. However, traditional macroscopic thermoelectric fields are not suitable for particle manipulations at high spatial resolution. Inspired by optical tweezers and relevant optical manipulation techniques, we employ laser interaction with light-absorbing nanostructures to achieve subtle heat management on the micro- and nanoscales. The resulting thermoelectric fields are exploited to develop new optical technologies, leading to a research field known as liquid optothermoelectrics. This Invited Feature Article highlights our recent works on advancing fundamentals, technologies, and applications of optothermoelectrics in colloidal solutions. The effects of light irradiation, substrates, electrolytes, and particles on the optothermoelectric manipulations of colloidal particles along with their theoretical limitations are discussed in detail. Our optothermoelectric technologies with the versatile capabilities of trapping, manipulating, and pulling colloidal particles at low optical power are finding applications in microswimmers and nanoscience. With its intricate interfacial processes and tremendous technological promise, optothermoelectrics in colloidal solutions will remain relevant for the foreseeable future.
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Chen WQ, Sedighi M, Jivkov AP. Thermo-osmosis in hydrophilic nanochannels: mechanism and size effect. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1696-1716. [PMID: 33427268 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06687g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding thermo-osmosis in nanoscale channels and pores is essential for both theoretical advances of thermally induced mass flow and a wide range of emerging industrial applications. We present a new mechanistic understanding and quantification of thermo-osmosis at nanometric/sub-nanometric length scales and link the outcomes with the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the phenomenon. The work is focused on thermo-osmosis of water in quartz slit nanochannels, which is analysed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of mechano-caloric and thermo-osmotic systems. We investigate the applicability of Onsager reciprocal relation, irreversible thermodynamics, and continuum fluid mechanics at the nanoscale. Further, we analyse the effects of channel size on the thermo-osmosis coefficient, and show, for the first time, that these arise from specific liquid structures dictated by the channel size. The mechanical conditions of the interfacial water under different temperatures are quantified using a continuum approach (pressure tensor distribution) and a discrete approach (body force per molecule) to elucidate the underlying mechanism of thermo-osmosis. The results show that the fluid molecules located in the boundary layers adjacent to the solid surfaces experience a driving force which generates the thermo-osmotic flow. While the findings provide a fundamental understanding of thermo-osmosis, the methods developed provide a route for analysis of the entire class of coupled heat and mass transport phenomena in nanoscale structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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17
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Ding H, Kollipara PS, Lin L, Zheng Y. Atomistic modeling and rational design of optothermal tweezers for targeted applications. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 14:295-303. [PMID: 35475031 PMCID: PMC9037963 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optical manipulation of micro/nanoscale objects is of importance in life sciences, colloidal science, and nanotechnology. Optothermal tweezers exhibit superior manipulation capability at low optical intensity. However, our implicit understanding of the working mechanism has limited the further applications and innovations of optothermal tweezers. Herein, we present an atomistic view of opto-thermo-electro-mechanic coupling in optothermal tweezers, which enables us to rationally design the tweezers for optimum performance in targeted applications. Specifically, we have revealed that the non-uniform temperature distribution induces water polarization and charge separation, which creates the thermoelectric field dominating the optothermal trapping. We further design experiments to systematically verify our atomistic simulations. Guided by our new model, we develop new types of optothermal tweezers of high performance using low-concentrated electrolytes. Moreover, we demonstrate the use of new tweezers in opto-thermophoretic separation of colloidal particles of the same size based on the difference in their surface charge, which has been challenging for conventional optical tweezers. With the atomistic understanding that enables the performance optimization and function expansion, optothermal tweezers will further their impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Ding
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Linhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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18
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Jiang Q, Rogez B, Claude JB, Baffou G, Wenger J. Quantifying the Role of the Surfactant and the Thermophoretic Force in Plasmonic Nano-optical Trapping. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8811-8817. [PMID: 33237789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanotweezers use intense electric field gradients to generate optical forces able to trap nano-objects in liquids. However, part of the incident light is absorbed into the metal, and a supplementary thermophoretic force acting on the nano-object arises from the resulting temperature gradient. Plasmonic nanotweezers thus face the challenge of disentangling the intricate contributions of the optical and thermophoretic forces. Here, we show that commonly added surfactants can unexpectedly impact the trap performance by acting on the thermophilic or thermophobic response of the nano-object. Using different surfactants in double nanohole plasmonic trapping experiments, we measure and compare the contributions of the thermophoretic and the optical forces, evidencing a trap stiffness 20× higher using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as compared to Triton X-100. This work uncovers an important mechanism in plasmonic nanotweezers and provides guidelines to control and optimize the trap performance for different plasmonic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanbo Jiang
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Rogez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Claude
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Baffou
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Wenger
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
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19
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Qian Y, Neale SL, Marsh JH. Microparticle manipulation using laser-induced thermophoresis and thermal convection flow. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19169. [PMID: 33154506 PMCID: PMC7644619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate manipulation of microbeads with diameters from 1.5 to 10 µm and Jurkat cells within a thin fluidic device using the combined effect of thermophoresis and thermal convection. The heat flow is induced by localized absorption of laser light by a cluster of single walled carbon nanotubes, with no requirement for a treated substrate. Characterization of the system shows the speed of particle motion increases with optical power absorption and is also affected by particle size and corresponding particle suspension height within the fluid. Further analysis shows that the thermophoretic mobility (DT) is thermophobic in sign and increases linearly with particle diameter, reaching a value of 8 µm2 s-1 K-1 for a 10 µm polystyrene bead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qian
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Steven L Neale
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John H Marsh
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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20
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Horike S, Wei Q, Kirihara K, Mukaida M, Sasaki T, Koshiba Y, Fukushima T, Ishida K. Outstanding Electrode-Dependent Seebeck Coefficients in Ionic Hydrogels for Thermally Chargeable Supercapacitor near Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43674-43683. [PMID: 32935547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric power generation from waste heat is an important component of future sustainable development. Ion-conducting materials are promising candidates because of their high Seebeck coefficients. This study demonstrates that ionic hydrogels based on imidazolium chloride salts exhibit outstanding Seebeck coefficients of up to 10 mV K-1. Along with their relatively high ionic conductivities (1.6 mS cm-1) and extremely low thermal conductivities (∼0.2 W m-1 K-1), these hydrogels have good potential for use in heat recovery systems. The voltage behavior in response to temperature difference (stable or transient) differs significantly depending on the metal electrode material. We evaluated the electrode-dependent temperature sensitivity of the double layer capacitance of these hydrogels, which revealed that the thermally induced polarization of ions at the interface is one of the main contributors to the thermovoltage. Our results demonstrate the potential capability for ion and metal interactions to be used as an effective baseline for exploring ionic thermoelectric materials and devices. The developed thermoelectric supercapacitor exhibits reversible charging-discharging behavior under repeated disconnecting-connecting of an external load with a constant temperature difference, which offers a novel strategy for heat-to-electricity energy conversion from steady-temperature heat sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Horike
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Qingshuo Wei
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kirihara
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masakazu Mukaida
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuko Koshiba
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukushima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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21
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Thermophoretic Micron-Scale Devices: Practical Approach and Review. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22090950. [PMID: 33286719 PMCID: PMC7597233 DOI: 10.3390/e22090950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the development of micron-scale devices utilizing thermal gradients to manipulate molecules and colloids, and to measure their thermophoretic properties quantitatively. Various devices have been realized, such as on-chip implements, micro-thermogravitational columns and other micron-scale thermophoretic cells. The advantage of the miniaturized devices lies in the reduced sample volume. Often, a direct observation of particles using various microscopic techniques is possible. On the other hand, the small dimensions lead to some technical problems, such as a precise temperature measurement on small length scale with high spatial resolution. In this review, we will focus on the "state of the art" thermophoretic micron-scale devices, covering various aspects such as generating temperature gradients, temperature measurement, and the analysis of the current micron-scale devices. We want to give researchers an orientation for their development of thermophoretic micron-scale devices for biological, chemical, analytical, and medical applications.
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22
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Prakash K, K V S D, Kumar Kannam S, Sathian SP. Non-isothermal flow of an electrolyte in a charged nanochannel. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:425403. [PMID: 32365344 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8fe4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic flows are generally analyzed, assuming isothermal conditions even though such situations are hard to be achieved in practice. In this paper, the flow of a symmetric electrolyte in a charged nanochannel subjected to an axial temperature gradient is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We analyze the relative contribution of the Soret effect, the thermoelectric effect, and the double layer potential in the electrical double layer for various surface charges and temperature gradients. We find the flow driven by thermal gradient is analogous to electroosmotic flow. The thermophoretic motion of the electrolyte is significant for negative surface charge than the positive surface charge. The vibrational spectrum of graphene is calculated to delineate the effect of the surface charge polarity on the observed thermophoretic motion of the electrolyte. A unique structure of interfacial water layer is observed for the positive and negative surface charges. We attribute the presence of these structures to the differences in water-carbon interactions existing for various surface charge polarity. For an applied thermal gradient in the range 2.6 K nm-1 to 8 K nm-1, we observe a continuous net flow with average velocities reaching up to 9.4 m s-1 inside the channel for a negative surface charge of -0.101 C m-2. The results indicate that in a charged graphene-based nanochannel, temperature gradients can be employed to induce streaming current, depending on the relative influence of the Soret effect and the double layer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Prakash
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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23
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Structural, Thermodiffusive and Thermoelectric Properties of Maghemite Nanoparticles Dispersed in Ethylammonium Nitrate. CHEMENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering4010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethylammonium nitrate (ionic liquid) based ferrofluids with citrate-coated nanoparticles and Na + counterions were synthesized for a wide range of nanoparticle (NP) volume fractions ( Φ ) of up to 16%. Detailed structural analyses on these fluids were performed using magneto-optical birefringence and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) methods. Furthermore, the thermophoretic and thermodiffusive properties (Soret coefficient S T and diffusion coefficient D m ) were explored by forced Rayleigh scattering experiments as a function of T and Φ . They were compared to the thermoelectric potential (Seebeck coefficient, Se) properties induced in these fluids. The results were analyzed using a modified theoretical model on S T and Se adapted from an existing model developed for dispersions in more standard polar media which allows the determination of the Eastman entropy of transfer ( S ^ NP ) and the effective charge ( Z 0 e f f ) of the nanoparticles.
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24
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Thermal Property Measurement of Nanofluid Droplets with Temperature Gradients. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the 3ω method was used to determine the thermal conductivity of nanofluids (ethylene glycol containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)) with temperature gradients. The thermal modeling of the traditional 3ω method was modified to measure the spatial variation of thermal conductivity within a droplet of nanofluid. A direct current (DC) heater was used to generate a temperature gradient inside a sample fluid. A DC heating power of 14 mW was used to provide a temperature gradient of 5000 K/m inside the sample fluid. The thermal conductivity was monitored at hot- and cold-side 3ω heaters with a spacing of 0.3 mm. Regarding the measurement results for the hot and cold 3ω heaters, when the temperature gradient was applied, the maximum thermal conductivity difference was determined to be 3% of the original value. By assuming that the thermo-diffusion of MWCNTs was entirely responsible for this difference, the Soret coefficient of the MWCNTs in the ethylene glycol was calculated to be −0.749 K−1.
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25
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Kavokine N, Zou S, Liu R, Niguès A, Zou B, Bocquet L. Ultrafast photomechanical transduction through thermophoretic implosion. Nat Commun 2020; 11:50. [PMID: 31898691 PMCID: PMC6940389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the historical experiments of Crookes, the direct manipulation of matter by light has been both a challenge and a source of scientific debate. Here we show that laser illumination allows to displace a vial of nanoparticle solution over centimetre-scale distances. Cantilever-based force measurements show that the movement is due to millisecond-long force spikes, which are synchronised with a sound emission. We observe that the nanoparticles undergo negative thermophoresis, and ultrafast imaging reveals that the force spikes are followed by the explosive growth of a bubble in the solution. We propose a mechanism accounting for the propulsion based on a thermophoretic instability of the nanoparticle cloud, analogous to the Jeans’s instability that occurs in gravitational systems. Our experiments demonstrate a new type of laser propulsion and a remarkably violent actuation of soft matter, reminiscent of the strategy used by certain plants to propel their spores. Here, the authors observe that laser illumination allows to displace a vial of nanoparticle solution over centimetre-scale distances. In order to explain this, they describe a novel mechanism for laser propulsion of a macroscopic object, based on light-induced thermophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kavokine
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Shuangyang Zou
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Antoine Niguès
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Key Lab of Featured Metal Resources Utilization and Advanced Materials, School of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Lydéric Bocquet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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26
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Šípová-Jungová H, Andrén D, Jones S, Käll M. Nanoscale Inorganic Motors Driven by Light: Principles, Realizations, and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 120:269-287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Steven Jones
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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27
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Shinde A, Huang D, Saldivar M, Xu H, Zeng M, Okeibunor U, Wang L, Mejia C, Tin P, George S, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Growth of Colloidal Nanoplate Liquid Crystals Using Temperature Gradients. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12461-12469. [PMID: 31633342 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling colloidal self-assemblies using external forces is essential to develop modern electro-optical and biomedical devices. Importantly, shape anisotropic colloids can provide optical properties such as birefringence. Here we demonstrate that external temperature gradients can be effective in controlling nematic liquid crystalline (LC) order in suspensions of plate-like colloids also known as nanoplates. Nanoplates, in an isotropic suspension, wherein their orientations are random, could be effectively moved using a temperature gradient environment causing a phase transition to LC nematic phase. Such controllably formed nematic phase featured large nematic monodomains and enabled topologically more stable structures that were evident from the absence of hedgehog-type defects which are typically found in nematics formed spontaneously via nucleation and growth mechanism in a sufficiently high concentration suspension of nanoplates. Due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio and excellent thermophoretic properties, nanoplates can prove to be ideal candidates for transport of biomolecules through temperature varying environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Shinde
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Dali Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Mariela Saldivar
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Minxiang Zeng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Ugochukwu Okeibunor
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Ling Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Carlos Mejia
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Padetha Tin
- NASA Glenn Research Center , Cleveland , Ohio 44135 , United States
| | - Sasha George
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Lecheng Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Zhengdong Cheng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
- Professional Program in Biotechnology , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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28
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Kollipara PS, Lin L, Zheng Y. Thermo-Electro-Mechanics at Individual Particles in Complex Colloidal Systems. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:21639-21644. [PMID: 32913480 PMCID: PMC7480882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that thermoelectric (TE) field can arise from different Soret coefficients of salt ions in the aqueous solution under constant temperature gradient. Despite their high relevance to cellular biology and particle manipulations, understanding and controlling of TE field in complex colloidal systems that involve micro/nanoparticles, salt ions and molecules have remained challenging. In such colloidal systems, the challenge arises from the thermal interactions with charged micro/nanoparticles that distort the TE field around the particles. Herein, we provide a framework for TE field in colloidal suspensions with various ions and surfactants at the single-nanoparticle level. In particular, we reveal the spatial variation of TE field around a dielectric particle under temperature gradient to determine the thermoelectric trapping force on the particle. Our theoretical results on the trapping force predicted from the TE force profile match well with the experimental opto-thermoelectric trapping stiffness of particles in the solutions where the temperature gradient was well-controlled by a laser beam. With their insight into TE field and force in complex systems, our framework and methodology can be extended to engineer the TE field for versatile opto-thermoelectric manipulations of arbitrarily shaped particles with non-uniform surface morphology and to advance the scientific research in cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linhan Lin
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Corresponding authors: ,
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29
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Salez TJ, Kouyaté M, Filomeno C, Bonetti M, Roger M, Demouchy G, Dubois E, Perzynski R, Cēbers A, Nakamae S. Magnetically enhancing the Seebeck coefficient in ferrofluids. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2979-2989. [PMID: 36133602 PMCID: PMC9419873 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the magnetic field on the Seebeck coefficient (Se) was investigated in dilute magnetic nanofluids (ferrofluids) composed of maghemite magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO). A 25% increase in the Se value was found when the external magnetic field was applied perpendicularly to the temperature gradient, reminiscent of an increase in the Soret coefficient (S T, concentration gradient) observed in the same fluids. In-depth analysis of experimental data, however, revealed that different mechanisms are responsible for the observed magneto-thermoelectric and -thermodiffusive phenomena. Possible physical and physico-chemical origins leading to the enhancement of the fluids' Seebeck coefficient are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Salez
- Service de physique de l'état condensé, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France +33 1 6908 8786 +33 1 6908 7538
- École des Ponts ParisTech 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal, Champs-sur-Marne F-77455 Marne-la-Vallée France
| | - Mansour Kouyaté
- Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystémes InterfaciauX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
| | - Cleber Filomeno
- Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystémes InterfaciauX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
- Inst. de Quémica, Complex Fluid Group, Universidade de Brasília Brasília Brazil
| | - Marco Bonetti
- Service de physique de l'état condensé, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France +33 1 6908 8786 +33 1 6908 7538
| | - Michel Roger
- Service de physique de l'état condensé, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France +33 1 6908 8786 +33 1 6908 7538
| | - Gilles Demouchy
- Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystémes InterfaciauX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
- Département de Physique, Université de Cergy Pontoise 33 Boulevard du Port 95011 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex France
| | - Emmanuelle Dubois
- Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystémes InterfaciauX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
| | - Régine Perzynski
- Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystémes InterfaciauX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS F-75005 Paris France
| | - Andrejs Cēbers
- MMML Lab, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Latvia Zellu-8 LV-1002 Riga Latvia
| | - Sawako Nakamae
- Service de physique de l'état condensé, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France +33 1 6908 8786 +33 1 6908 7538
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30
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Sarkar M, Riedl JC, Demouchy G, Gélébart F, Mériguet G, Peyre V, Dubois E, Perzynski R. Inversion of thermodiffusive properties of ionic colloidal dispersions in water-DMSO mixtures probed by forced Rayleigh scattering. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:72. [PMID: 31177408 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermodiffusion properties at room temperature of colloidal dispersions of hydroxyl-coated nanoparticles (NPs) are probed in water, in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and in mixtures of water and DMSO at various proportions of water, [Formula: see text]. In these polar solvents, the positive NPs superficial charge imparts the systems with a strong electrostatic interparticle repulsion, slightly decreasing from water to DMSO, which is here probed by Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering. However if submitted to a gradient of temperature, the NPs dispersed in water with ClO4- counterions present a thermophilic behavior, the same NPs dispersed in DMSO with the same counterions present a thermophobic behavior. Mass diffusion coefficient [Formula: see text] and Ludwig-Soret coefficient [Formula: see text] are measured as a function of NP volume fraction [Formula: see text] at various [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-dependence of [Formula: see text] is analyzed in terms of thermoelectric and thermophoretic contributions as a function of [Formula: see text]. Using two different models for evaluating the Eastman entropy of transfer of the co- and counterions in the mixtures, the single-particle thermophoretic contribution (the NP's Eastman entropy of transfer) is deduced. It is found to evolve from negative in water to positive in DMSO. It is close to zero on a large range of [Formula: see text] values, meaning that in this [Formula: see text]-range [Formula: see text] largely depends on the thermoelectric effect of free co- and counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarkar
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - J C Riedl
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - G Demouchy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France
- Département de Physique, Univ. Cergy-Pontoise, 33 bd du port, 95011, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - F Gélébart
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - G Mériguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - V Peyre
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - E Dubois
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - R Perzynski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France.
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31
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Abstract
We present a complete reciprocal description of particle motion inside multi-component fluids that extends the conventional Onsager formulation of non-equilibrium transport to systems where the thermodynamic forces are non-uniform on the colloidal scale. Based on the dynamic length and time scale separation in suspensions, the particle flux is shown to be related to the volume-averaged coupling between the Stokes flow tensor and the thermodynamic force density acting on the fluid. The flux is then expressed in terms of thermodynamic quantities that can be computed from the interfacial properties and equation of state of the colloids. Our results correctly describe diffusion and sedimentation and suggest that force-free phoretic motion can occur even in the absence of interfacial interactions, provided that the thermodynamic gradients are non-uniform at the colloidal surface. In particular, we derive an explicit hydrodynamic form for the phoretic force resulting from these non-uniform gradients. The form is validated by the recovery of the Henry function for electrophoresis and the Ruckenstein term for thermophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Burelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Kouyaté M, Filomeno CL, Demouchy G, Mériguet G, Nakamae S, Peyre V, Roger M, Cēbers A, Depeyrot J, Dubois E, Perzynski R. Thermodiffusion of citrate-coated γ-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles in aqueous dispersions with tuned counter-ions - anisotropy of the Soret coefficient under a magnetic field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1895-1903. [PMID: 30632574 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06858e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Under a temperature gradient, the direction of thermodiffusion of charged γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) depends on the nature of the counter-ions present in the dispersion, resulting in either a positive or negative Soret coefficient. Various counter-ions are probed in finely tuned and well characterized dispersions of citrate-coated NPs at comparable concentrations of free ionic species. The Soret coefficient ST is measured in stationary conditions together with the mass-diffusion coefficient Dm using a forced Rayleigh scattering method. The strong interparticle repulsion, determined by SAXS, is also attested by the increase of Dm with NP volume fraction Φ. The Φ-dependence of ST is analyzed in terms of thermophoretic and thermoelectric contributions of the various ionic species. The obtained single-particle thermophoretic contribution of the NPs (the Eastman entropy of transfer ŝNP) varies linearly with the entropy of transfer of the counter-ions. This is understood in terms of electrostatic contribution and of hydration of the ionic shell surrounding the NPs. Two aqueous dispersions, respectively, with ST > 0 and with ST < 0 are then probed under an applied field H[combining right harpoon above], and an anisotropy of Dm and of ST is induced while the in-field system remains monophasic. Whatever the H[combining right harpoon above]-direction (parallel or perpendicular to the gradients and ), the Soret coefficient is modulated keeping the same sign as in zero applied field. In-field experimental determinations are well described using a mean field model of the interparticle magnetic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kouyaté
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, PHysico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX, F-75005, Paris, France.
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33
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Burelbach J, Stark H. Determining phoretic mobilities with Onsager's reciprocal relations: Electro- and thermophoresis revisited. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:4. [PMID: 30643995 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We use a hydrodynamic reciprocal approach to phoretic motion to derive general expressions for the electrophoretic and thermophoretic mobility of weakly charged colloids in aqueous electrolyte solutions. Our approach shows that phoretic motion can be understood in terms of the interfacial transport of thermodynamic excess quantities that arises when a colloid is kept stationary inside a bulk fluid flow. The obtained expressions for the mobilities are extensions of previously known results as they can account for different hydrodynamic boundary conditions at the colloidal surface, irrespective of how the colloid-fluid interaction range compares to the colloidal radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Burelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Stark
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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34
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Olarte-Plata JD, Bresme F. Theoretical description of the thermomolecular orientation of anisotropic colloids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1131-1140. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06780e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe theoretically the orientation of anisotropic colloids under a thermal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Olarte-Plata
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- White City Campus
- 80 Wood Lane
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- White City Campus
- 80 Wood Lane
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35
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Li J, Lin L, Inoue Y, Zheng Y. Opto-Thermophoretic Tweezers and Assembly. JOURNAL OF MICRO- AND NANO-MANUFACTURING 2018; 6:0408011-4080110. [PMID: 35832388 PMCID: PMC8597552 DOI: 10.1115/1.4041615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Opto-thermophoretic manipulation is an emerging field, which exploits the thermophoretic migration of particles and colloidal species under a light-controlled temperature gradient field. The entropically favorable photon-phonon conversion and widely applicable heat-directed migration make it promising for low-power manipulation of variable particles in different fluidic environments. By exploiting an optothermal substrate, versatile opto-thermophoretic manipulation of colloidal particles and biological objects can be achieved via optical heating. In this paper, we summarize the working principles, concepts, and applications of the recently developed opto-thermophoretic techniques. Opto-thermophoretic trapping, tweezing, assembly, and printing of colloidal particles and biological objects are discussed thoroughly. With their low-power operation, simple optics, and diverse functionalities, opto-thermophoretic manipulation techniques will offer great opportunities in materials science, nanomanufacturing, life sciences, colloidal science, and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Linhan Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Yuji Inoue
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 e-mail:
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36
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Peng X, Lin L, Hill EH, Kunal P, Humphrey SM, Zheng Y. Optothermophoretic Manipulation of Colloidal Particles in Nonionic Liquids. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:24226-24234. [PMID: 30766650 PMCID: PMC6369910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The response of colloidal particles to a light-controlled external temperature field can be harnessed for opto-thermophoretic manipulation of the particles. The thermoelectric effect is regarded as the driving force for thermophoretic trapping of particles at the light-irradiated hot region, which is thus limited to ionic liquids. Herein, we achieve opto-thermophoretic manipulation of colloidal particles in various non-ionic liquids, including water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and 1-butanol, and establish the physical mechanism of the manipulation at the molecular level. We reveal that the non-ionic driving force originates from a layered structure of solvent molecules at the particle-solvent interface, which is supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the effects of hydrophilicity, solvent type, and ionic strength on the layered interfacial structures and thus the trapping stability of particles are investigated, providing molecular-level insight into thermophoresis and guidance on interfacial engineering for optothermal manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Peng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Linhan Lin
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eric H. Hill
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pranaw Kunal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Simon M. Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Corresponding Author:
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37
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Cabreira Gomes R, Ferreira da Silva A, Kouyaté M, Demouchy G, Mériguet G, Aquino R, Dubois E, Nakamae S, Roger M, Depeyrot J, Perzynski R. Thermodiffusion of repulsive charged nanoparticles - the interplay between single-particle and thermoelectric contributions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16402-16413. [PMID: 29873364 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02558d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermodiffusion of different ferrite nanoparticles (NPs), ∼10 nm in diameter, is explored in tailor-made aqueous dispersions stabilized by electrostatic interparticle interactions. In the dispersions, electrosteric repulsion is the dominant force, which is tuned by an osmotic-stress technique, i.e. controlling of osmotic pressure Π, pH and ionic strength. It is then possible to map Π and the NPs' osmotic compressibility χ in the dispersion with a Carnahan-Starling formalism of effective hard spheres (larger than the NPs' core). The NPs are here dispersed with two different surface ionic species, either at pH ∼ 2 or 7, leading to a surface charge, either positive or negative. Their Ludwig-Soret ST coefficient together with their mass diffusion Dm coefficient are determined experimentally by forced Rayleigh scattering. All probed NPs display a thermophilic behavior (ST < 0) regardless of the ionic species used to cover the surface. We determine the NPs' Eastman entropy of transfer and the Seebeck (thermoelectric) contribution to the measured Ludwig-Soret coefficient in these ionic dispersions. The NPs' Eastman entropy of transfer ŝNP is interpreted through the electrostatic and hydration contributions of the ionic shell surrounding the NPs.
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38
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Di Lecce S, Bresme F. Soret coefficients and thermal conductivities of alkali halide aqueous solutions via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2018.1481960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Lecce
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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39
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Li L, Wang Q. Thermoelectricity in Heterogeneous Nanofluidic Channels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800369. [PMID: 29673112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionic fluids are essential to energy conversion, water desalination, drug delivery, and lab-on-a-chip devices. Ionic transport in nanoscale confinements and complex physical fields still remain elusive. Here, a nanofluidic system is developed using nanochannels of heterogeneous surface properties to investigate transport properties of ions under different temperatures. Steady ionic currents are observed under symmetric temperature gradients, which is equivalent to generating electricity using waste heat (e.g., electronic chips and solar panels). The currents increase linearly with temperature gradient and nonlinearly with channel size. Contributions to ion motion from temperatures and channel properties are evaluated for this phenomenon. The findings provide insights into the study of confined ionic fluids in multiphysical fields, and suggest applications in thermal energy conversion, temperature sensors, and chip-level thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Q. Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, NO. 104 Youyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Qinggong Wang
- Q. Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, NO. 104 Youyi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
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40
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Sehnem AL, Niether D, Wiegand S, Figueiredo Neto AM. Thermodiffusion of Monovalent Organic Salts in Water. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4093-4100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Doreen Niether
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Wiegand
- ICS-3 Soft Condensed Matter, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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41
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Di Lecce S, Bresme F. Thermal Polarization of Water Influences the Thermoelectric Response of Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1662-1668. [PMID: 29293343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions under thermal gradients feature thermodiffusion (Ludwig-Soret) and thermoelectric (Seebeck) effects, whereby the thermal fields build concentration and charge density gradients. Recently, it has been shown that thermal gradients induce polarization fields in water. We use non-equilibrium molecular simulations to quantify the thermoelectric Seebeck coefficient of alkali halide aqueous solutions. We examine the dependence of the coefficient on temperature and salt concentration and show that the thermal polarization of water plays a key role in determining the magnitude of the thermoelectric behavior of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Lecce
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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42
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Burelbach J, Frenkel D, Pagonabarraga I, Eiser E. A unified description of colloidal thermophoresis. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2018; 41:7. [PMID: 29340794 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use the dynamic length and time scale separation in suspensions to formulate a general description of colloidal thermophoresis. Our approach allows an unambiguous definition of separate contributions to the colloidal flux and clarifies the physical mechanisms behind non-equilibrium motion of colloids. In particular, we derive an expression for the interfacial force density that drives single-particle thermophoresis in non-ideal fluids. The issuing relations for the transport coefficients explicitly show that interfacial thermophoresis has a hydrodynamic character that cannot be explained by a purely thermodynamic consideration. Our treatment generalises the results from other existing approaches, giving them a clear interpretation within the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Burelbach
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daan Frenkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CECAM Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erika Eiser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
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43
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Burelbach J, Zupkauskas M, Lamboll R, Lan Y, Eiser E. Colloidal motion under the action of a thermophoretic force. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:094906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Burelbach
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mykolas Zupkauskas
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Lamboll
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Lan
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Eiser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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44
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Stout RF, Khair AS. Diffuse charge dynamics in ionic thermoelectrochemical systems. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:022604. [PMID: 28950449 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.022604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectrics are increasingly being studied as promising electrical generators in the ongoing search for alternative energy sources. In particular, recent experimental work has examined thermoelectric materials containing ionic charge carriers; however, the majority of mathematical modeling has been focused on their steady-state behavior. Here, we determine the time scales over which the diffuse charge dynamics in ionic thermoelectrochemical systems occur by analyzing the simplest model thermoelectric cell: a binary electrolyte between two parallel, blocking electrodes. We consider the application of a temperature gradient across the device while the electrodes remain electrically isolated from each other. This results in a net voltage, called the thermovoltage, via the Seebeck effect. At the same time, the Soret effect results in migration of the ions toward the cold electrode. The charge dynamics are described mathematically by the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations for dilute solutions, in which the ion flux is driven by electromigration, Brownian diffusion, and thermal diffusion under a temperature gradient. The temperature evolves according to the heat equation. This nonlinear set of equations is linearized in the (experimentally relevant) limit of a "weak" temperature gradient. From this, we show that the time scale on which the thermovoltage develops is the Debye time, 1/Dκ^{2}, where D is the Brownian diffusion coefficient of both ion species, and κ^{-1} is the Debye length. However, the concentration gradient due to the Soret effect develops on the bulk diffusion time, L^{2}/D, where L is the distance between the electrodes. For thin diffuse layers, which is the condition under which most real devices operate, the Debye time is orders of magnitude less than the diffusion time. Therefore, rather surprisingly, the majority of ion motion occurs after the steady thermovoltage has developed. Moreover, the dynamics are independent of the thermal diffusion coefficients, which simply set the magnitude of the steady-state thermovoltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Stout
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Aditya S Khair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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45
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Ganti R, Liu Y, Frenkel D. Molecular Simulation of Thermo-osmotic Slip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:038002. [PMID: 28777647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.038002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-osmotic slip-the flow induced by a thermal gradient along a surface-is a well-known phenomenon, but curiously there is a lack of robust molecular-simulation techniques to predict its magnitude. Here, we compare three different molecular-simulation techniques to compute the thermo-osmotic slip at a simple solid-fluid interface. Although we do not expect the different approaches to be in perfect agreement, we find that the differences are barely significant for a range of different physical conditions, suggesting that practical molecular simulations of thermo-osmotic slip are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Ganti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yawei Liu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Daan Frenkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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46
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Continuous Isotropic-Nematic Transition in Amyloid Fibril Suspensions Driven by Thermophoresis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1211. [PMID: 28450728 PMCID: PMC5430637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The isotropic and nematic (I + N) coexistence for rod-like colloids is a signature of the first-order thermodynamics nature of this phase transition. However, in the case of amyloid fibrils, the biphasic region is too small to be experimentally detected, due to their extremely high aspect ratio. Herein, we study the thermophoretic behaviour of fluorescently labelled β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils by inducing a temperature gradient across a microfluidic channel. We discover that fibrils accumulate towards the hot side of the channel at the temperature range studied, thus presenting a negative Soret coefficient. By exploiting this thermophoretic behaviour, we show that it becomes possible to induce a continuous I-N transition with the I and N phases at the extremities of the channel, starting from an initially single N phase, by generating an appropriate concentration gradient along the width of the microchannel. Accordingly, we introduce a new methodology to control liquid crystal phase transitions in anisotropic colloidal suspensions. Because the induced order-order transitions are achieved under stationary conditions, this may have important implications in both applied colloidal science, such as in separation and fractionation of colloids, as well as in fundamental soft condensed matter, by widening the accessibility of target regions in the phase diagrams.
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47
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Di Lecce S, Albrecht T, Bresme F. A computational approach to calculate the heat of transport of aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44833. [PMID: 28322266 PMCID: PMC5359663 DOI: 10.1038/srep44833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal gradients induce concentration gradients in alkali halide solutions, and the salt migrates towards hot or cold regions depending on the average temperature of the solution. This effect has been interpreted using the heat of transport, which provides a route to rationalize thermophoretic phenomena. Early theories provide estimates of the heat of transport at infinite dilution. These values are used to interpret thermodiffusion (Soret) and thermoelectric (Seebeck) effects. However, accessing heats of transport of individual ions at finite concentration remains an outstanding question both theoretically and experimentally. Here we discuss a computational approach to calculate heats of transport of aqueous solutions at finite concentrations, and apply our method to study lithium chloride solutions at concentrations >0.5 M. The heats of transport are significantly different for Li+ and Cl− ions, unlike what is expected at infinite dilution. We find theoretical evidence for the existence of minima in the Soret coefficient of LiCl, where the magnitude of the heat of transport is maximized. The Seebeck coefficient obtained from the ionic heats of transport varies significantly with temperature and concentration. We identify thermodynamic conditions leading to a maximization of the thermoelectric response of aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Lecce
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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48
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Salez TJ, Huang BT, Rietjens M, Bonetti M, Wiertel-Gasquet C, Roger M, Filomeno CL, Dubois E, Perzynski R, Nakamae S. Can charged colloidal particles increase the thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9409-9416. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that charged colloidal particles can be used to increase the thermoelectric energy conversion of a thermocell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Salez
- Service de Physique de L'État Condensé
- SPEC
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Bo Tao Huang
- Service de Physique de L'État Condensé
- SPEC
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Maud Rietjens
- Service de Physique de L'État Condensé
- SPEC
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Marco Bonetti
- Service de Physique de L'État Condensé
- SPEC
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | | | - Michel Roger
- Service de Physique de L'État Condensé
- SPEC
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Cleber Lopes Filomeno
- Laboratoire Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes interfaciaux
- UMR CNRS 8234
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6
- F-75009 Paris 5
- France
| | - Emmanuelle Dubois
- Laboratoire Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes interfaciaux
- UMR CNRS 8234
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6
- F-75009 Paris 5
- France
| | - Régine Perzynski
- Laboratoire Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes interfaciaux
- UMR CNRS 8234
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6
- F-75009 Paris 5
- France
| | - Sawako Nakamae
- Service de Physique de L'État Condensé
- SPEC
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris-Saclay
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49
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Chen J, Cong H, Loo J, Kang Z, Tang M, Zhang H, Wu SY, Kong SK, Ho HP. Thermal gradient induced tweezers for the manipulation of particles and cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35814. [PMID: 27853191 PMCID: PMC5113121 DOI: 10.1038/srep35814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical tweezers are a well-established tool for manipulating small objects. However, their integration with microfluidic devices often requires an objective lens. More importantly, trapping of non-transparent or optically sensitive targets is particularly challenging for optical tweezers. Here, for the first time, we present a photon-free trapping technique based on electro-thermally induced forces. We demonstrate that thermal-gradient-induced thermophoresis and thermal convection can lead to trapping of polystyrene spheres and live cells. While the subject of thermophoresis, particularly in the micro- and nano-scale, still remains to be fully explored, our experimental results have provided a reasonable explanation for the trapping effect. The so-called thermal tweezers, which can be readily fabricated by femtosecond laser writing, operate with low input power density and are highly versatile in terms of device configuration, thus rendering high potential for integration with microfluidic devices as well as lab-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Hengji Cong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Jacky Loo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Zhiwen Kang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Minghui Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Haixi Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Shu-Yuen Wu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Siu-Kai Kong
- Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR,
China
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50
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Simoncelli S, Summer J, Nedev S, Kühler P, Feldmann J. Combined Optical and Chemical Control of a Microsized Photofueled Janus Particle. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2854-2858. [PMID: 27028413 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A Au-silica Janus particle is elevated along the laser beam axis in an optical trap. The propulsion mechanism is based on the local temperature gradient created around the particle due to the photothermal conversion of the gold-coated hemisphere. The height of the particle and its motion-direction are tuned by the nature and the concentration of the electrolytes in the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Simoncelli
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Summer
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Spas Nedev
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Kühler
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstr. 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
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