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Rodriguez HM, Martyniuk M, Iyer KS, Ciampi S. Insulator-on-Conductor Fouling Amplifies Aqueous Electrolysis Rates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10299-10311. [PMID: 38591156 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The chemical industry is a major consumer of fossil fuels. Several chemical reactions of practical value proceed with the gain or loss of electrons, opening a path to integrate renewable electricity into chemical manufacturing. However, most organic molecules have low aqueous solubility, causing green and cheap electricity-driven reactions to suffer from intrinsically low reaction rates in industry's solvent of choice: water. Here, we show that a strategic, partial electrode fouling with hydrophobic insulators (oils and plastics) offsets kinetic limitations caused by poor reactant solubility, opening a new path for the direct integration of renewable electricity into the production of commodity chemicals. Through electrochemiluminescence microscopy, we reveal for the oxidation of organic reactants up to 6-fold reaction rate increase at the "fouled" oil-electrolyte-electrode interface relative to clean electrolyte-electrode areas. Analogously, electrodes partially masked (fouled) with plastic patterns, deposited either photolithographically (photoresists) or manually (inexpensive household glues and sealants), outperform clean electrodes. The effect is not limited to reactants of limited water solubility, and, for example, net gold electrodeposition rates are up to 22% larger at fouled than clean electrodes. In a system involving a surface-active reactant, rate augmentation is driven by the synergy between insulator-confined reactant enrichment and insulator-induced current crowding, whereas only the latter and possibly localized decrease in iR drop near the insulator are relevant in a system composed of non-surface-active species. Our counterintuitive electrode design enhances electrolysis rates despite the diminished area of intimate electrolyte-electrode contact and introduces a new path for upscaling aqueous electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Morris Rodriguez
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Mariusz Martyniuk
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Killugudi Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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2
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Saito N, Itoyama S, Kondo Y. Multi-responsive organo- and hydrogelation based on the supramolecular assembly of fluorocarbon- and hydrocarbon-containing hybrid surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 588:418-426. [PMID: 33429338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Novel photoresponsive hybrid surfactants, in which a combination of perfluoroalkyl and alkyl chains and cationic head groups are connected via azobenzene moieties, are excellent candidates for assembling low-molecular-weight organogels (LMOGs) with reversibly switchable viscoelasticities triggered by external stimuli. EXPERIMENTS The structure-composition-property relationships of gels assembled with the hybrid surfactants were investigated by UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and rheology. FINDINGS Hybrid surfactants containing perfluorohexyl chains with more than six carbons gelled in a variety of organic solvents at concentrations of less than a few percent. In particular, compositions with the perfluorooctyl and somewhat shorter hydrocarbon chains (C1-C4) gelled in both organic solvents and water. The gellable solvent species can be well grouped according to their solubility parameters, suggesting that gelation properties can be predicted from the chemical structure of the surfactant. Mechanical and structural investigations revealed that gel viscoelasticity can be reversibly altered by applying photo, shear, and heat stimuli, which is achieved through the formation and deformation of lamella-like molecular aggregates. The multi-responsive gelation and facile molecular design of the present hybrid surfactants will expand the fields in which fluorinated LMOGs can be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Saito
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Sekito Itoyama
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yukishige Kondo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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3
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Beniazza R, Bayo N, Jardel D, Rust R, Mao B, Divoux T, Schmutz M, Castet F, Raffy G, Del Guerzo A, McClenaghan ND, Buffeteau T, Vincent JM. A fluorous sodium l-prolinate derivative as low molecular weight gelator for perfluorocarbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8655-8658. [PMID: 32602483 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the first study dealing with the self-assembly of an α-amino acid derivative in perfluorocarbons. Rheology, microscopy, and spectroscopy studies reveal that the fluorous sodium l-prolinate derivative 1 self-assembles in perfluorocarbons to form a three-dimensional network of left-handed nano-helices resulting in solvent gelation. Singlet oxygen lifetime measured in a gel of perfluorodecalin is about 1000 times longer than in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Beniazza
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France. and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, UM6P, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Natalia Bayo
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Damien Jardel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Ruben Rust
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Bosi Mao
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UMR 5031 - Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Dr. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Thibaut Divoux
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS UMR 5031 - Université de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Dr. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France and MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466, CNRS-MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Marc Schmutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22, F67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Guillaume Raffy
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - André Del Guerzo
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Nathan D McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Vincent
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
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4
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Shimasaki T, Ohno Y, Tanaka M, Amano M, Sasaki Y, Shibata H, Watanabe M, Teramoto N, Shibata M. Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Gelators and Their Selective Gelation Ability for Fluorinated Solvents. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Shimasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Mao Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Masato Amano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yuta Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Motonori Watanabe
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Molecular Photoconversion Devices Division, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naozumi Teramoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
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5
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Miyajima H, Kasuya MCZ, Del Guerzo A, Vincent JM, Hatanaka K. Fluorous gels of a fluorous alcohol using a low molecular weight anthracene organogelator. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Sato H, Yajima T, Yamagishi A. Stereochemical effects on dynamics in two-component systems of gelators with perfluoroalkyl and alkyl chains as revealed by vibrational circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3210-3215. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The VCD method was applied to the gelation processes of chiral two-component gel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Sato
- Graduated School of Science and Engineering
- Ehime University
- Matsuyama
- Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Ochanomizu University
- Tokyo 112-8610
- Japan
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7
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Jiang J, Zhang G, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Zhan X, Chen F. Novel Fluorinated Polymers Containing Short Perfluorobutyl Side Chains and Their Super Wetting Performance on Diverse Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10513-10523. [PMID: 27052113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Because the emission of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was completely prohibited in 2015, the widely used poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances with long perfluoroalkyl groups must be substituted by environmentally friendly alternatives. In this study, one kind of potential alternative (i.e., fluorinated polymers with short perfluorobutyl side chains) has been synthesized from the prepared monomers {i.e., (perfluorobutyl)ethyl acrylate (C4A), (perfluorobutyl)ethyl methacrylate (C4MA), 2-[[[[2-(perfluorobutyl)]sulfonyl]methyl]amino]ethyl acrylate (C4SA), and methacrylate (C4SMA)}, and the microstructure, super wetting performance, and applications of the synthesized fluorinated polymers were systematically investigated. The thermal and crystallization behaviors of the fluoropolymer films were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. Dynamic water-repellent models were constructed. The stable low surface energy and dynamic water- and oil-repellent properties of these synthesized fluorinated polymers with short perfluorobutyl side chains were attributed to the synergetic effect of amorphous fluorinated side chains in perfluoroalkyl acrylate and crystalline hydrocarbon pendant groups in stearyl acrylate. Outstanding water- and oil-repellent properties of fabrics and any other substrates could be achieved by a facile dip-coating treatment using a fluorinated copolymer dispersion. As a result, we believe that our prepared fluorinated copolymers are potential candidates to replace the fluoroalkylated polymers with long perfluorinated chains in nonstick and self-cleaning applications in our daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Jiang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guangfa Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiongyan Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Research and Development Center, Zhejiang Sucon Silicone Co., Ltd. , Shaoxing 312088, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Fengqiu Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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8
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Tatikonda R, Bhowmik S, Rissanen K, Haukka M, Cametti M. Metallogel formation in aqueous DMSO by perfluoroalkyl decorated terpyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12756-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a series of stable and thermoreversible metallogels formed by the combination of terpyridine based ligands decorated with perfluorinated C8F17 tags and several divalent d-block metal salts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandip Bhowmik
- University of Jyväskylä
- Department of Chemistry
- FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyväskylä
- Department of Chemistry
- FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Matti Haukka
- University of Jyväskylä
- Department of Chemistry
- FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Massimo Cametti
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano
- Milano
- Italy
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9
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Kumari H, Armitage SE, Kline SR, Damodaran KK, Kennedy SR, Atwood JL, Steed JW. Fluorous 'ponytails' lead to strong gelators showing thermally induced structure evolution. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8471-8. [PMID: 26364926 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Appending perfluoroalkyl substituents to bis(urea) gelators results in significantly decreased inter-chain interactions with markedly thinner fibres and hence more cross-linked and more transparent gels with potential applications in the crystallisation of fluorinated pharmaceuticals. Gel structure has been probed by detailed SANS measurements which indicate a surprising structure evolution on thermal cycling, not seen for hydrocarbon analogues. The SANS data are complemented by the single crystal X-ray structure of one fluorinated gelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Kumari
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 3225 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Sarah E Armitage
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Steven R Kline
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Krishna K Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Stuart R Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri - Columbia, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jonathan W Steed
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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10
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Sato H, Yajima T, Yamagishi A. Chiroptical Studies on Supramolecular Chirality of Molecular Aggregates. Chirality 2015; 27:659-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Sato
- Graduated of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry; Ochanomizu University; Tokyo Japan
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11
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Mallia VA, Weiss RG. Structural bases for mechano-responsive properties in molecular gels of (R)-12-hydroxy-N-(ω-hydroxyalkyl)octadecanamides. Rates of formation and responses to destructive strain. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5010-5022. [PMID: 26007154 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly and gelation behavior of a series of (R)-12-hydroxy-N-(ω-hydroxyalkyl)octadecanamides (HS-n-OH, where n = 2, 3, 4 and 5 is the length of the alkyl chain on nitrogen), as well as those of two ‘model’ compounds, N-(3-hydroxypropyl)octadecanamide (S-3-OH) and (R)-12-hydroxy-N-propyloctadecanamide (HS-3), have been investigated in a wide range of liquids. A unique aspect of some of the HS-n-OH gels is the degree and velocity of their recovery of viscoelasticity after the cessation of destructive shear. The recovery times vary from less than one second to hundreds of seconds, depending on the length of the ω-hydroxyalkyl group on nitrogen. The data indicate that the modes and dynamics of aggregation of the gelator molecules from incubation of a sol phase below the gel melting temperature, as analyzed by Avrami and fractal equations, cannot be used to explain the degree and dynamics of the thixotropy: sol-to-gel transformations involve assembly of 0-dimensional objects (i.e., individual gelator molecules) into 1-dimensional fibrils and then into 3-dimensional networks; recovery after mechano-destruction of gels requires only 1-dimensional to 3-dimensional re-assembly or re-association of 3-dimensional spherulitic objects. A model to understand the extreme sensitivity of the thixotropy on the length of the ω-hydroxyalkyl group in the HS-n-OH (which is based upon detailed comparisons among the dynamic properties of the gels, the morphologies of the neat gelators, and the fibrillar networks of the gels) invokes the importance of the cleavage and reformation of H-bonds between fibers at ‘junction zones’ or between spherulitic objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ajay Mallia
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1227, USA.
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12
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Yajima T, Tabuchi E, Nogami E, Yamagishi A, Sato H. Perfluorinated gelators for solidifying fluorous solvents: effects of chain length and molecular chirality. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12656h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With a purpose of solidifying fluorous solvents, a novel series of perfluorinated gelators based on 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (denoted as CFn: n = the number of carbon chain in perfluoroalkanoyl moiety) were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry
- Ochanomizu University
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Erika Tabuchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Ochanomizu University
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Emiko Nogami
- Department of Chemistry
- Ochanomizu University
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | | | - Hisako Sato
- Graduated School of Science and Engineering
- Ehime University
- Matsuyama
- Japan
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13
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Rogers MA, Weiss RG. Systematic modifications of alkane-based molecular gelators and the consequences to the structures and properties of their gels. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural development of simple molecular gelators based on n-alkanes and the properties of their complex gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Rogers
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Richard G. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology
- Georgetown University
- Washington
- USA
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14
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Sato H, Yajima T, Yamagishi A. An intermediate state in gelation as revealed by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Darmanin T, Guittard F. Highly Oleophobic Properties of PEDOP Polymers with Short Perfluorobutyl Chains Separated by Long Alkyl Spacers and Amido Connectors. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Darmanin
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS; Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée; UMR 7336, Groupe Surfaces & Interfaces, Parc Valrose 06100 Nice France
| | - Frédéric Guittard
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS; Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée; UMR 7336, Groupe Surfaces & Interfaces, Parc Valrose 06100 Nice France
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16
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17
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Kohno K, Morimoto K, Manabe N, Yajima T, Yamagishi A, Sato H. Promotion effects of optical antipodes on the formation of helical fibrils: chiral perfluorinated gelators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3860-2. [PMID: 22398874 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc18164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral gelator, RR- or SS-N,N'-diperfluorooctanoyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, gelated racemic 2-butanol. The gel was most stable at the racemic mixture, its stability lowered with the increase in the optical purity of the gelator. Notably, characteristic helically coiled fibrils were formed in the narrow region of enantiomer excess (ee = 0.2-0.4). Promotion effects of the antipodal enantiomers are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kohno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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18
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Palumbo Piccionello A, Guarcello A, Calabrese A, Pibiri I, Pace A, Buscemi S. Synthesis of fluorinated oxadiazoles with gelation and oxygen storage ability. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3044-52. [PMID: 22395126 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of fluorinated low molecular weight (LMW) gelators has been synthesized through SNAr substitution of 5-polyfluoroaryl-3-perfluoroheptyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles with glycine ester. The obtained compounds give thermal and pH-sensitive hydrogels or thermo-reversible organogels in DMSO. Oxygen solubility studies showed the ability to maintain high oxygen levels in solution and in gel blend with plate counter agar (PCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari - Sez. Chimica Organica E. Paternò, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze - Parco d'Orleans II, Ed. 17, I-90128, Palermo, Italy.
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19
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Sato H, Yajima T, Yamagishi A. Molecular origin for helical winding of fibrils formed by perfluorinated gelators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3736-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05802e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Griffiths PC, Knight DW, Morgan IR, Ford A, Brown J, Davies B, Heenan RK, King SM, Dalgliesh RM, Tomkinson J, Prescott S, Schweins R, Paul A. Gelation or molecular recognition; is the bis-(α,β-dihydroxy ester)s motif an omnigelator? Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:1079-88. [PMID: 21160568 PMCID: PMC3002023 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the gelation of liquids by low molecular weight solutes at low concentrations gives an insight into many molecular recognition phenomena and also offers a simple route to modifying the physical properties of the liquid. Bis-(α,β-dihydroxy ester)s are shown here to gel thermoreversibly a wide range of solvents, raising interesting questions as to the mechanism of gelation. At gelator concentrations of 5-50 mg ml⁻¹, gels were successfully formed in acetone, ethanol/water mixtures, toluene, cyclohexane and chloroform (the latter, albeit at a higher gelator concentration). A range of neutron techniques - in particular small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) - have been employed to probe the structure of a selection of these gels. The universality of gelation in a range of solvent types suggests the gelation mechanism is a feature of the bis-(α,β-dihydroxy ester) motif, with SANS demonstrating the presence of regular structures in the 30-40 Å range. A correlation between the apparent rodlike character of the structures formed and the polarity of the solvent is evident. Preliminary spin-echo neutron scattering studies (SESANS) indicated the absence of any larger scale structures. Inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS) studies demonstrated that the solvent is largely unaffected by gelation, but does reveal insights into the thermal history of the samples. Further neutron studies of this kind (particularly SESANS and INS) are warranted, and it is hoped that this work will stimulate others to pursue this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - David W Knight
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Ian R Morgan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Amy Ford
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - James Brown
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Ben Davies
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Richard K Heenan
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - Stephen M King
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - Robert M Dalgliesh
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - John Tomkinson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - Stuart Prescott
- School of Chemistry, Bristol University, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS U.K
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Alison Paul
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
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21
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Godeau G, Brun C, Arnion H, Staedel C, Barthélémy P. Glycosyl-nucleoside fluorinated amphiphiles as components of nanostructured hydrogels. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Côte M, Nicholls T, Knight DW, Morgan IR, Rogueda PGA, King SM, Heenan RK, Griffiths PC. Self-assembling chiral gelators for fluorinated media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:8678-8684. [PMID: 19402688 DOI: 10.1021/la804277z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Formulations involving partially and fully fluorinated media represent a technological challenge given the lipophobic and hydrophobic nature of such liquids. The identification of self-associating materials with which to control the viscosity and solubilizing characteristics of fluorinated solvents is a particularly interesting area of research. It is shown here that the presence of the stereogenic centers inherent in a family of bis-(alpha,beta-dihydroxy ester)s is an essential requirement for the thermoreversible gelation of mixtures of partially fluorinated liquids 2H,3H-perfluoropentane (HPFP) and 1H,1H-heptafluorobutanol (HFB). Gelation is driven by hydrogen bonding, which induces a nonpreferred conformation around the bis-(alpha,beta-dihydroxy ester) structural motif. An analysis of the melting temperature yields an enthalpy of melting that is consistent with three to four hydrogen bonds, commensurate with the end-group structure of the gelator. Small-angle neutron scattering demonstrated the existence of the common fibrillar structures whose dimensions showed no obvious correlation with the molecular structure of the gelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Côte
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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23
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Gan J, El Bakkari M, Belin C, Margottin C, Godard P, Pozzo JL, Vincent JM. A triblock fluorous surfactant as a specific gelator for perfluorocarbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5133-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b908820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Suzuki M, Yumoto M, Shirai H, Hanabusa K. Supramolecular Gels Formed by Amphiphilic Low-Molecular-Weight Gelators ofNα,Nɛ-Diacyl-L-Lysine Derivatives. Chemistry 2008; 14:2133-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Microenvironment Effect on the Location Distribution of Phenothiazine in Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide/n-Pentanol/H2O W/O and Bi-continuous Microemulsions. J SOLUTION CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-007-9172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Laschewsky A, Mertoglu M, Kubowicz S, Thünemann AF. Lamellar Structured Nanoparticles Formed by Complexes of a Cationic Block Copolymer and Perfluorodecanoic Acid. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061573k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Laschewsky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Murat Mertoglu
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F. Thünemann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstrasse 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany, and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Griffiths PC, Côte M, James R, Rogueda PG, Morgan IR, Knight DW. Gelation of fluorinated liquids by non-fluorinated low-molecular-mass molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3998-4000. [PMID: 16075098 DOI: 10.1039/b505938k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of tetrahydroxy diesters has been synthesised and observed to gel a range of fluorinated solvents and their mixtures; the phase behaviour and gel microstructure are reported for a homologous family of these diesters in blends of 1H,1H-heptafluorobutanol (HFB) and 2H,3H-perfluoropentane (HPFP).
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK.
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