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Desai AM, Pandey SP, Singh PK. Effect of counter-anions on the aggregation of Thioflavin-T. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9948-9961. [PMID: 33861224 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of small molecules in aqueous solution is known to be influenced by the ionic strength of the medium; however, the role played by the identity of salt in the phenomenon of small molecule aggregation is rarely investigated. In the present contribution, we have investigated the effect of counter-anions on the aggregation of a popular cationic amyloid sensing probe, Thioflavin-T (ThT), by taking six different anions, viz. chloride, bromide, acetate, iodide, tetrafluoroborate, and perchlorate. Our results clearly indicate that it is not the ionic strength of the medium which solely controls aggregation of small molecules but distinct ions behave distinctly with regard to the organization. In fact, distinct ion effects play a major role in the salt induced organization of fluorophores. Using detailed steady-state emission, time-resolved emission, and ground-state absorption measurements, the optical properties of salt induced aggregates of ThT have been characterized. We have rationalized our observations on the basis of the theory of matching water affinity, which suggests that the matching free hydration energy is a critical aspect for the formation of contact ion pairs, which eventually results in aggregation. In brief, a larger sized anion, perchlorate, has a lower free energy of hydration and forms a suitable contact ion pair, with a larger organic cation, ThT, having weaker hydration. This contact ion-pair formation subsequently leads to the formation of an aggregate assembly which is found to be emissive in nature. Therefore, it is possible to induce aggregation of ThT by selecting the right counterion with the appropriate size, which may help us to evaluate the false positive signals when high ionic strength and specific counterions are present in the sensing matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat M Desai
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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2
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Belyaev A, Chou P, Koshevoy IO. Cationic Organophosphorus Chromophores: A Diamond in the Rough among Ionic Dyes. Chemistry 2021; 27:537-552. [PMID: 32492231 PMCID: PMC7821147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tunable electron-accepting properties of the cationic phosphorus center, its geometry and unique preparative chemistry that allows combining this unit with diversity of π-conjugated motifs, define the appealing photophysical and electrochemical characteristics of organophosphorus ionic chromophores. This Minireview summarizes the achievements in the synthesis of the π-extended molecules functionalized with P-cationic fragments, modulation of their properties by means of structural modification, and emphasizes the important effect of cation-anion interactions, which can drastically change physical behavior of these two-component systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Belyaev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern FinlandYliopistokatu 780101JoensuuFinland
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of ChemistryNational (Taiwan) UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern FinlandYliopistokatu 780101JoensuuFinland
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Sang P, Shi Y, Huang B, Xue S, Odom T, Cai J. Sulfono-γ-AApeptides as Helical Mimetics: Crystal Structures and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2425-2442. [PMID: 32940995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Foldamers have defined and predictable structures, improved resistance to proteolytic degradation, enhanced chemical diversity, and are versatile in their mimicry of biological molecules, making them promising candidates in biomedical and material applications. However, as natural macromolecules exhibit endless folding structures and functions, the exploration of the applications of foldamers remains crucial. As such, it is imperative to continue to discover unnatural foldameric architectures with new frameworks and molecular scaffolds. To this end, we recently developed a new class of peptidomimetics termed ″γ-AApeptides", oligomers of γ-substituted-N-acylated-N-aminoethyl amino acids, which are inspired by the chiral peptide nucleic acid backbone. To date γ-AApeptides have been shown to be resistant to proteolytic degradation and possess limitless potential to introduce chemically diverse functional groups, demonstrating promise in biomedical and material sciences. However, the structures of γ-AApeptides were initially unknown, rendering their rational design for the mimicry of a protein helical domain impossible in the beginning, which limited their potential development. To our delight, in the past few years, we have obtained a series of crystal structures of helical sulfono-γ-AApeptides, a subclass of γ-AApeptides. The single-crystal X-ray crystallography indicates that sulfono-γ-AApeptides fold into unprecedented and well-defined helices with unique helical parameters. On the basis of the well-established size, shape, and folding conformation, the design of sulfono-γ-AApeptide-based foldamers opens a new avenue for the development of alternative unnatural peptidomimetics for their potential applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, materials science, and so on.In this Account, we will outline our journey on sulfono-γ-AApeptides and their application as helical mimetics. We will first briefly introduce the design and synthetic strategy of sulfono-γ-AApeptides and then describe the crystal structures of helical sulfono-γ-AApeptides, including left-handed homogeneous sulfono-γ-AApeptides, right-handed 1:1 α/sulfono-γ-AA peptide hybrids, and right-handed 2:1 α/sulfono-γ-AA peptide hybrids. After that, we will illustrate the potential of helical sulfono-γ-AApeptides for biological applications such as the disruption of medicinally relevant protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of BCL9-β-catenin and p53-MDM2/MDMX as well as the mimicry of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In addition, we also exemplify their potential application in material science. We expect that this Account will shed light on the structure-based design and function of helical sulfono-γ-AApeptides, which can provide a new and alternative way to explore and generate novel foldamers with distinctive structural and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Songyi Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Timothy Odom
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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Photophysical and TDDFT investigation for (E, E)-2, 5-bis [2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl) ethenyl]pyrazine (BDPEP) laser dye in restricted matrices. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Shi Y, Sang P, Yin G, Gao R, Liang X, Brzozowski R, Odom T, Eswara P, Zheng Y, Li X, Cai J. Aggregation-Induced Emissive and Circularly Polarized Homogeneous Sulfono-γ-AApeptide Foldamers. ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2020; 8:1902122. [PMID: 33072491 PMCID: PMC7567131 DOI: 10.1002/adom.201902122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Through our continuous effort in developing a new class of foldamers, we have both designed and synthesized homogenous sulfono-γ-AApeptides using tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moieties attached to the backbone as luminogenic sidechains. Based on previous crystal structures, we have found that these foldamers adopted a left-handed 414-helix. Due to the constraint of the helical scaffold, the rotation of the TPE moieties were restricted, leading to fluorescent emissive properties with high quantum yields not only at the aggregate state but also in solution. Investigation of the relationship between the structure and fluorescence behavior reveals that emission was induced by the combined effect of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and the rotated restriction from the backbone. Furthermore, as the packing mode of the luminogens could be precisely adjusted by the helical backbone, these foldamers were found to be circularly polarizable with relatively large luminescence dissymmetry factor (g lum). Interestingly, possessing cationic amphipathic structures similar to that of host-defense peptides (HDPs), these sulfono-γ-AApeptides were able to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) through membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Peng Sang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Guangqiang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Robert Brzozowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Timothy Odom
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Prahathees Eswara
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Youxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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6
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Pyridyl substitution control dynamics and shape dependence of fluorescent aggregates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Feng Z, Zhao W, Liang Z, Lv Y, Xiang F, Sun D, Xiong C, Duan C, Dai L, Ni Y. A New Kind of Nonconventional Luminogen Based on Aliphatic Polyhydroxyurethane and Its Potential Application in Ink-Free Anticounterfeiting Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11005-11015. [PMID: 32069010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic luminogens have extensive applications due to their unique photophysical properties. In recent years, nonconjugated organic luminogens, in contrast to traditional conjugated luminogens, have gained much attention because of their facile preparation, environmental friendliness, and biocompatibility. In this study, a new kind of nonconventional luminogen based on dynamic covalent cross-linked polyhydroxyurethane is reported for the first time. The new luminogen not only exhibits intrinsic strong fluorescent emission in the solid state but also possesses high mechanical properties along with good shape memory and self-healing properties. In addition, the new luminogens are synthesized from aliphatic polyfunctional cyclic carbonate and amines via a much more straightforward method, avoiding the use of toxic isocyanates. Investigations indicated that the intrinsic luminescence of the resultant luminogens was induced by the cross-linking of polymer chains and could be well tuned by controlling the degree of cross-linking. By taking advantage of the unique characteristics of the resultant polymer luminogens, we further developed a facile method, named "light-mediated ink-free screen printing", for anticounterfeiting paper fabrication. Different from traditional ink-based printing technology, the new method used UV-light instead of expensive security ink to encode anticounterfeiting information on natural cellulose paper. The anticounterfeiting information is stable under various wet conditions, showing promising applications in the fast-growing counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals, packaging, and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Feng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Paper based Functional Materials, China National Light Industry, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Paper based Functional Materials, China National Light Industry, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Liang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fukang Xiang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Sun
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyin Xiong
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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Shi Y, Yin G, Yan Z, Sang P, Wang M, Brzozowski R, Eswara P, Wojtas L, Zheng Y, Li X, Cai J. Helical Sulfono-γ-AApeptides with Aggregation-Induced Emission and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12697-12706. [PMID: 31335135 PMCID: PMC10484567 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was intensively studied because of packing of small molecules and polymers; however, mid-molecular-weight (1000-3000) molecular scaffold containing a precise number of AIE luminogens is rare. Herein, we report the investigation of three tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-modified sulfono-γ-AApeptides in which multiple TPE moieties are conjugated to the chiral right-handed helical peptidomimetic backbone as functional side chains. The crystal structure of the TPE-α/sulfono-γ-AA peptide 1 demonstrates that because of the rigid helical scaffold of the TPE-α/sulfono-γ-AA peptides, the intramolecular rotations of the TPE with short linker are restricted, therefore leading to the boosted fluorescent emission in solution. Peptides 2 and 3 exhibit aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE), possibly because of the combination of both AIE and rotation restriction. Moreover, because of their preoriented assembly induced by the right-handed helical scaffold, these emissive chiral luminogens show effective circularly polarized luminescence signals with high dissymmetry factor glum. Finally, the amphiphilic nature of TPE-α/sulfono-γ-AA peptides could enable them to penetrate the bacterial membranes and exhibit strong fluorescence. Their antimicrobial activity and labeling-free character could further augment their potential applications in both materials and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Guangqiang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Zhiping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Sang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Robert Brzozowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Prahathees Eswara
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Youxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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Hayashi N, Okamoto N, Onoue M, Yamamoto K, Yoshino J. Effect of water of crystallization on aggregation-induced emission in structurally similar crystals. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Granchak VM, Sakhno TV, Korotkova IV, Sakhno YE, Kuchmy SY. Aggregation-Induced Emission in Organic Nanoparticles: Properties and Applications: a Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-018-9558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Liu P, Li W, Guo S, Xu D, Wang M, Shi J, Cai Z, Tong B, Dong Y. Application of a Novel "Turn-on" Fluorescent Material to the Detection of Aluminum Ion in Blood Serum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23667-23673. [PMID: 29932319 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel "turn-on" fluorescent bioprobe, 1,2,3,4,5-penta(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrrole sodium salt (PPPNa), with aggregation-enhanced emission characteristics was synthesized for the in situ quantitative detection of Al3+ in serum. It exhibited a high selectivity to Al3+ in both simulated serum and fetal calf serum with no interferences from other metal ions or serum components observed and no isolation required. A weak interaction between PPPNa and serum albumin was found, which caused no interference, but enhanced fluorescence response of PPPNa to Al3+ and improved detection sensitivity. The limit of detection was determined to be 1.50 μmol/L Al3+ in phosphate-buffered saline solution containing 33 μg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA) and decreased to 0.98 μmol/L as BSA concentration increased to 100 μg/mL. The fluorescence "turn-on" mechanism of the PPPNa probe to detect Al3+ was proposed. A bidentate complex is formed between the carboxy group of PPPNa and Al3+, causing the photoluminescence (PL) emission enhancement by aggregation. BSA chains further strengthen the stacking compactness of the aggregates of PPPNa and Al3+ and consequently enhance the PL emission of PPPNa by further promoting the restriction of intramolecular rotation of the phenyl ring. Its application to the in situ Al3+ was successfully demonstrated with HeLa cells and NIH 3T3 cells. The low cytotoxicity and highly selective response of PPPNa to Al3+ endow its great potentials to in vivo detecting and imaging of Al3+ as well as an absorbent of Al3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Wangyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Dongrui Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Mengni Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
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13
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Publisher's note – Correction. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Chen R, Gao X, Cheng X, Qin A, Sun JZ, Tang BZ. A red-emitting cationic hyperbranched polymer: facile synthesis, aggregation-enhanced emission, large Stokes shift, polarity-insensitive fluorescence and application in cell imaging. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01378g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cationic hyperbranched polymer containing TPE units demonstrates bright and stable red-emission with AEE-characteristics and good performance in cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiaoying Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Soulié M, Carayon C, Saffon N, Blanc S, Fery-Forgues S. A comparative study of nine berberine salts in the solid state: optimization of the photoluminescence and self-association properties through the choice of the anion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29999-30008. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05848e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Counter-ions regulate the photoluminescence and self-association properties of berberine salts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Carayon
- SPCMIB
- UMR5068
- CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III
- F31062 Toulouse cedex 9
- France
| | - Nathalie Saffon
- Service commun RX
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse
- ICT-FR2599
- Université de Toulouse
- F31062 Toulouse
| | - Sylvie Blanc
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour
- IPREM-UMR CNRS 5254
- F64053 Pau cedex 9
- France
| | - Suzanne Fery-Forgues
- SPCMIB
- UMR5068
- CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III
- F31062 Toulouse cedex 9
- France
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Li W, Chen D, Wang H, Luo S, Dong L, Zhang Y, Shi J, Tong B, Dong Y. Quantitation of Albumin in Serum Using "Turn-on" Fluorescent Probe with Aggregation-Enhanced Emission Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26094-26100. [PMID: 26553289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An aggregation-enhanced emission active luminogen named as sodium 4,4'4″-(3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-1,2,5-triyl)tribenzoate (DP-TPPNa) with propeller construction was synthesized and developed as a "turn on" fluorescent probe for in situ quantitation of albumin in blood serum. The DP-TPPNa fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of two serum albumins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA), in pure PBS buffer in the ranges of 2.18-70 and 1.68-100 μg/mL, respectively. The detection limits were as low as 2.18 μg/mL for BSA and 1.68 μg/mL for HSA. The response time of fluorescence to serum albumin (SA) was very short (below 6 s), which achieved real-time detection. It also showed high selectivity to SA because other components in serum barely interfere with the detection of DP-TPPNa to SA, enabling in situ quantitative detection of SA without isolation from serum. DP-TPPNa was successfully applied for the quantitative detection of BSA in fetal bovine serum. The mechanism of fluorescent turn-on behavior was elucidated utilizing an unfolding process induced by guanidine hydrochloride, which revealed a capture process via selective hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding between luminogen and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Didi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lichao Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bin Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing, 100081, China
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v. Berlepsch H, Böttcher C. H-Aggregates of an Indocyanine Cy5 Dye: Transition from Strong to Weak Molecular Coupling. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11900-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans v. Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum
für
Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum
für
Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Sathish V, Ramdass A, Thanasekaran P, Lu KL, Rajagopal S. Aggregation-induced phosphorescence enhancement (AIPE) based on transition metal complexes—An overview. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Hu T, Yao B, Chen X, Li W, Song Z, Qin A, Sun JZ, Tang BZ. Effect of ionic interaction on the mechanochromic properties of pyridinium modified tetraphenylethene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8849-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introducing ionic interaction into a soft tetraphenylethene-based AIE-molecule furnished the compound with robust mechanochromic effects while exhibiting aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis & Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Bicheng Yao
- MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis & Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis & Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Weizhang Li
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Zhegang Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
| | - Anjun Qin
- Guangdong Innovative Research Team
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis & Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis & Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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20
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Wu DE, Yao QC, Xia M. How is the AIE mechanism profoundly changed in an ESIPT family: the novel introduction of a tetraphenylethene group onto (Z)-3-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3287-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03963g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The first example showing that the AIE mechanism can be completely changed from restriction of TICT to RIR by the introduction of a tetraphenylethene group onto a molecule with ESIPT character is reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Er Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- P. R. China
| | - Qi-Chao Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- P. R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- P. R. China
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21
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Mooi SM, Keller SN, Heyne B. Forcing aggregation of cyanine dyes with salts: a fine line between dimers and higher ordered aggregates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9654-9662. [PMID: 25073802 DOI: 10.1021/la502124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is uncommon to read about cyanine dyes in the literature and not have their aggregation discussed. They are of high interest considering their propensity to undergo self-organization in aqueous solution, leading to interesting photophysical properties resulting from the formation of their dimers and higher ordered aggregates. Currently, the study of their aggregation is in high demand due to their diverse application range including dye-sensitized solar cells. However, their aggregation in high salt solutions is under studied, and the effect on aggregation in congruence with high ionic strength is often overlooked. In a previous study, our group established the role of specific ion effects and in particular the necessity of matching water affinity to induce aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye, thiazole orange. In order to advance the understanding of this topic, we present in this article the diverse aggregation of cyanine dyes, as a single monovalent salt can cause different aggregation responses in a variety of these dyes. We established via absorption spectroscopy combined with chemometric analyses that the inherent monomer-dimer equilibrium of a dye depends on its geometry. More interestingly, experimental data coupled with DFT calculations reveal that not only the geometry of a dye but also its charge location plays a role in the aggregate morphology formed by the interaction of a cationic cyanine dye and an anion. It is thought that contact ion pair formation and effective charge screening generated within that ion pair are responsible for aggregates with a greater order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Mooi
- Chemistry Department, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
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22
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Sahana A, Banerjee A, Lohar S, Panja S, Mukhopadhyay SK, Matalobos JS, Das D. Fluorescence sensing of arsenate at nanomolar level in a greener way: naphthalene based probe for living cell imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7231-3. [PMID: 23841111 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene-salisaldehyde conjugate (NAPSAL) is established as a novel arsenate (H2AsO4(-)) selective 'turn-on' fluorescence probe. It can detect as low as 5 × 10(-9) M H2AsO4(-) in HEPES buffered EtOH : water (0.1 M, 1 : 9, v/v, pH 7.4). Trace level H2AsO4(-) in drinking water samples is measured using standard addition method. Intracellular arsenate in Candida albicans, grown in arsenic contaminated water of Purbasthali has successfully been detected under fluorescence microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Sahana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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23
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Kamino S, Muranaka A, Murakami M, Tatsumi A, Nagaoka N, Shirasaki Y, Watanabe K, Yoshida K, Horigome J, Komeda S, Uchiyama M, Enomoto S. A red-emissive aminobenzopyrano-xanthene dye: elucidation of fluorescence emission mechanisms in solution and in the aggregate state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:2131-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Ghodbane A, Colléaux J, Saffon N, Mahiou R, Galaup JP, Fery-Forgues S. Blue-Emitting Nanocrystals, Microcrystals, and Highly Oriented Nanofibers Prepared by Reprecipitation and Solvent Drop-Casting of 2-Phenyl-naphthoxazoles. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Mooi SM, Heyne B. Size does matter: how to control organization of organic dyes in aqueous environment using specific ion effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16524-16530. [PMID: 23145855 DOI: 10.1021/la3034885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role played by external factors on the organization of molecules has the potential to contribute greatly to fundamental research and applications in fields as diverse as nanotechnology, medicine, material chemistry, etc. Countless studies involve the organization of small organic molecules in environments rich in ionic species, yet their participation in molecular organization is often overlooked. Herein, we critically assess the organization in aqueous solution of the cationic cyanine dye, thiazole orange, in the presence of different monovalent sodium salts. Our findings clearly indicate that not all ions are identical with regards to the organization of thiazole orange molecules and specific ions effects are at play. The conventional Debye and Hückel model is not sufficient to explain our results, and the participation of ionic species in molecular organization is explained in terms of the recent theory of water matching affinity. Herein, by choosing the right counterion with the appropriate size, we have shown that it is possible to either induce a simple shift in the monomer-dimer equilibrium of thiazole orange or to turn on the formation of larger organized structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Mooi
- Chemistry Department, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4 AB, Canada
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26
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Pierola IF, Agzenai Y. Ion Pairing and Anion-Driven Aggregation of an Ionic Liquid in Aqueous Salt Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3973-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp212202b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines F. Pierola
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yahya Agzenai
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Cohen C, Damiron D, Dkhil SB, Drockenmuller E, Restagno F, Léger L. Synthesis of well-defined poly(dimethylsiloxane) telechelics having nitrobenzoxadiazole fluorescent chain-ends via thiol-ene coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Ghodbane A, D'Altério S, Saffon N, McClenaghan ND, Scarpantonio L, Jolinat P, Fery-Forgues S. Facile access to highly fluorescent nanofibers and microcrystals via reprecipitation of 2-phenyl-benzoxazole derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:855-863. [PMID: 22128833 DOI: 10.1021/la2036554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
2-Phenyl-benzoxazole and five derivatives bearing an alkyl or alkoxy substituent on the phenyl ring were used to prepare aqueous suspensions of particles via a solvent-exchange method. In these conditions, the methyl and methoxy derivatives spontaneously gave nanofibers, while the other compounds led to microcrystals. This shows that minor chemical changes are enough to direct the formation of a given type of particle. From a spectroscopic viewpoint, all compounds strongly emit blue light in the solid state, with spectra much broader than those registered in n-heptane and ethanol solutions. The photoluminescence quantum yields reached 38% and were slightly affected in aqueous suspension by the polarity of the environment. The molecular arrangement, deduced from X-ray analysis for the methyl and methoxy derivatives, was used to explain the fluorescence properties in the solid state. This work shows that 2-phenyl-benzoxazole derivatives are interesting candidates for applications as fluorescent nanomaterials, including in aqueous and biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Ghodbane
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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29
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30
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Cai M, Gao Z, Zhou X, Wang X, Chen S, Zhao Y, Qian Y, Shi N, Mi B, Xie L, Huang W. A small change in molecular structure, a big difference in the AIEE mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5289-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Gujrati MD, Kumar NSS, Brown AS, Captain B, Wilson JN. Luminescent charge-transfer complexes: tuning emission in binary fluorophore mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6554-8. [PMID: 21548624 DOI: 10.1021/la2012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) complexes composed of a π-electron-poor naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivative combined with a series of π-electron-rich donors were investigated. Solutions of the CT complexes are nonemissive; however, solid-state complexes and aqueous suspensions display emission that is dependent on the energy of the HOMO of the electron donor. Crystallographic analysis of a pyrene-NDI complex reveals columnar packing and a high degree of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) overlap that likely contributes to the observed optical properties. The fluorescent CT particles are utilized as imaging agents; additional luminescent CT complexes may be realized by considering FMO energies and topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh D Gujrati
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
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32
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Chahine J, Saffon N, Cantuel M, Fery-Forgues S. Spontaneous formation of fluorescent nanofibers and reticulated solid from berberine palmitate: a new example of aggregation-induced emission enhancement in organic ion pairs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2844-2853. [PMID: 21338124 DOI: 10.1021/la104302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The salt formed between the large aromatic berberine cation and the long-chain palmitate anion was synthesized and used to prepare aqueous suspensions of particles owing to a solvent-exchange method. Under these conditions, elongated particles were readily obtained. They were studied by transmission microscopy with polarized light, as well as by fluorescence and electron microscopy. They were shown to be probably crystallized nanofibers, which were stable in suspension. Unexpectedly, upon filtration and drying, these fibers evolved to give a reticulated solid. The fluorescence properties of the compound were analyzed in solution, in aqueous suspension and in the powder crystalline state. Interestingly, berberine palmitate is virtually not fluorescent in aqueous solution because of the quenching effect of water, but transition to the solid state was accompanied by a strong increase in fluorescence intensity. This phenomenon was explained by the original molecular arrangement in the solid state. Actually, in the crystal, the anions form a distinct layer, which limits parallel-stacking of the fluorescent cations. Moreover, the berberine cations are protected from the access of water molecules, and so no quenching effect can take place. This example confirms that the newly introduced concept of ion-pair aggregation-induced fluorescence enhancement can be extended to a variety of structures. It also shows the interest of ion pairs for preparing fluorescent nanofibers and reticulated solids using a solvent-exchange method that is particularly easy to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Chahine
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul Sabatier , 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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33
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Upamali KAN, Estrada LA, De PK, Cai X, Krause JA, Neckers DC. Carbazole-based cyano-stilbene highly fluorescent microcrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1573-1580. [PMID: 21218820 DOI: 10.1021/la103894x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) is reported for 1-cyano-trans-1,2-bis-(4-carbazolyl)phenylethylene (CN-CPE). The weak luminescence of dilute CN-CPE solutions is enhanced upon aggregate formation into 2-3 μm sized crystals. In contrast to general observations, crystal formation of CN-CPE causes a blue-shift in emission and enhances the intensity. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that key factors causing high luminescence efficiency in the crystal are a lack of strong cofacial π-π alignment and the existence of the strong supramolecular interactions due to the intermolecular H-bonding. These factors seem to be responsible for the AIEE phenomenon as molecules of CN-CPE are held in a rigid twisted conformation, thereby increasing the fluorescence intensity in the solid or aggregated states. Accordingly, conformational twisting in the crystal packing process may be responsible for the unusual emission blue-shift in the aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karasinghe A N Upamali
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 132 Overman Hall, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
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34
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Hu R, Li S, Zeng Y, Chen J, Wang S, Li Y, Yang G. Understanding the aggregation induced emission enhancement for a compound with excited state intramolecular proton transfer character. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2044-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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