1
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Gao J, Ren Y, Lu Y, Ma Q, Sun Y, Jia L. Fabrication of Hierarchical Assemblies through Temperature-Triggered Liquid Crystallization Driven Self-Assembly. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301525. [PMID: 38185748 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Functional hierarchy is prevalent in biological systems owing to natural evolution. Efforts to replicate these structures in artificial materials have gained traction in materials science. Although artificial hierarchical structures are fabricated at different scales based on site-specific interactions using ABC-type block copolymers (BCPs), the fabrication of such hierarchical structures using AB-type BCPs via a simple and efficient method remains challenging. Herein, a class of amphiphilic BCPs (PDenm -b-PACholn ) is reported comprising dendronized oligoethylene glycol (Den) and cholesterol (AChol) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties, respectively. By employing the collapse of PDenm blocks at a specific temperature, the fabrication of bundled fibers and multilayer vesicles is achieved with an obvious hierarchy. Different from common reversible aggregation-disaggregation processes of thermal-responsive polymers, the ordering of the core-forming block with liquid crystalline (LC) properties provides robustly physical cross-linking, coupled with epitaxial growth and the lateral fusion of LC blocks, guiding the formation of stable hierarchical micellar structures. It is highlighted that the combination of temperature-sensitive properties and LC ordering alignment offers a novel approach for constructing hierarchical structures using AB-type BCPs via an efficient one-step assembly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gao
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yangge Ren
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qingyang Ma
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai, 200444, China
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2
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Wu X, Barner-Kowollik C. Fluorescence-readout as a powerful macromolecular characterisation tool. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12815-12849. [PMID: 38023522 PMCID: PMC10664555 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant progress in synthetic macromolecular chemistry, which can provide access to diverse macromolecules with varying structural complexities, topology and functionalities, bringing us closer to the aim of controlling soft matter material properties with molecular precision. To reach this goal, the development of advanced analytical techniques, allowing for micro-, molecular level and real-time investigation, is essential. Due to their appealing features, including high sensitivity, large contrast, fast and real-time response, as well as non-invasive characteristics, fluorescence-based techniques have emerged as a powerful tool for macromolecular characterisation to provide detailed information and give new and deep insights beyond those offered by commonly applied analytical methods. Herein, we critically examine how fluorescence phenomena, principles and techniques can be effectively exploited to characterise macromolecules and soft matter materials and to further unravel their constitution, by highlighting representative examples of recent advances across major areas of polymer and materials science, ranging from polymer molecular weight and conversion, architecture, conformation to polymer self-assembly to surfaces, gels and 3D printing. Finally, we discuss the opportunities for fluorescence-readout to further advance the development of macromolecules, leading to the design of polymers and soft matter materials with pre-determined and adaptable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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3
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Kuperkar K, Patel D, Atanase LI, Bahadur P. Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Their Structures, and Self-Assembly to Polymeric Micelles and Polymersomes as Drug Delivery Vehicles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4702. [PMID: 36365696 PMCID: PMC9657626 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers display a multiplicity of nanoscale periodic patterns proposed as a dominant tool for the 'bottom-up' fabrication of nanomaterials with different levels of ordering. The present review article focuses on the recent updates to the self-association of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous media into varied core-shell morphologies. We briefly describe the block copolymers, their types, microdomain formation in bulk and micellization in selective solvents. We also discuss the characteristic features of block copolymers nanoaggregates viz., polymer micelles (PMs) and polymersomes. Amphiphilic block copolymers (with a variety of hydrophobic blocks and hydrophilic blocks; often polyethylene oxide) self-assemble in water to micelles/niosomes similar to conventional nonionic surfactants with high drug loading capacity. Double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs) made of neutral block-neutral block or neutral block-charged block can transform one block to become hydrophobic under the influence of a stimulus (physical/chemical/biological), and thus induced amphiphilicity and display self-assembly are discussed. Different kinds of polymer micelles (viz. shell and core-cross-linked, core-shell-corona, schizophrenic, crew cut, Janus) are presented in detail. Updates on polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) are also provided. Polyion complexes (PICs) and polyion complex micelles (PICMs) are discussed. Applications of these block copolymeric micelles and polymersomes as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Kuperkar
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchhanath, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhruvi Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchhanath, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University (VNSGU), Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India
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4
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Gradient Printing Alginate Herero Gel Microspheres for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062305. [PMID: 35329757 PMCID: PMC8949696 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel microspheres are widely used in tissue engineering, such as 3D cell culture and injection therapy, and among which, heterogeneous microspheres are drawing much attention as a promising tool to carry multiple cell types in separated phases. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate heterogeneous gel microspheres with excellent resolution and different material components in limited sizes. Here, we developed a multi-channel dynamic micromixer, which can use active mechanical mixing to achieve rapid mixing with multi-component materials and extrude the homogenized material. By changing the flow rate ratio of the solutions of the two components and by rapidly mixing in the micromixer, real-time concentration change of the mixed material at the outlet could be monitored in a process so-called “gradient printing”. By studying the mixing efficiency of the micromixer, its size and process parameters were optimized. Using the novel dynamic gradient printing method, the composition of the hydrogel microspheres can be distributed in any proportion and alginate heterogeneous gel microspheres with adjustable cell concentration were fabricated. The effects of cell concentration on cell viability and proliferation ability under three-dimensional culture conditions were also studied. The results showed that cells have very low death rate and can exchange substances within the microspheres. Due to the micromixing ability of the micromixers, the demand for biological reagents and materials such as cells, proteins, cytokines and other materials could be greatly reduced, which helps reduce the experimental cost and improve the feasibility of the method in practical use. The heterogeneous gel microsphere can be greatly valuable for research in various fields such as analytical chemistry, microarray, drug screening, and tissue culture.
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5
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Coban D, Gridina O, Karg M, Gröschel AH. Morphology Control of Multicompartment Micelles in Water through Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Coban
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga Gridina
- Colloids and Nanooptics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Colloids and Nanooptics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Sarkar J, Lim YF, Goto A. Synthesis of Biologically Decomposable Terpolymer Nanocapsules and Higher‐Order Nanoassemblies Using RCMP‐PISA. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jit Sarkar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Nanyang 637371 Singapore
| | - Ying Faye Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Nanyang 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Nanyang 637371 Singapore
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Moreno N, Sutisna B, Fried E. Entropic factors and structural motifs of triblock-terpolymer-based patchy nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22059-22069. [PMID: 33047750 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A prevalent strategy for synthesizing patchy nanoparticles is through the self-assembly of triblock terpolymers in selective solvents. Since the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern the morphology of the particles produced in this way are not fully understood, this strategy usually demands trial-and-error methodologies. We investigate the fundamental mechanisms that produce multiple types of patchy nanoparticles and identify the conditions needed to program the shapes of the nanoparticles and predict their assembly. Our findings demonstrate that particle morphology can be described in a generic fashion by accounting for the energetic balance between the conformation of the polymer coils and the formation of interfaces. This allows us to forecast the synthesis of patchy nanoparticles for systems with different triblock terpolymers and solvents. Since the shape, size, and distribution of the patches influence the growth of larger microscale structures, we construct a library of elemental nanoparticles, or building blocks, suitable for the study of hierarchically larger self-assembled aggregates and useful for streamlining the design of functional materials. Our results provide new insights into the intriguing mechanisms that determine the morphology of soft nanoscale objects, whether synthetic or naturally occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Moreno
- Mathematics, Mechanics, and Materials Unit. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Burhannudin Sutisna
- Mathematics, Mechanics, and Materials Unit. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Eliot Fried
- Mathematics, Mechanics, and Materials Unit. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
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8
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Sheng M, Zhang L, West JL, Fu S. Multicolor Electrochromic Dye-Doped Liquid Crystal Yolk-Shell Microcapsules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29728-29736. [PMID: 32508082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new system of yolk-shell microcapsules containing two types of dye-doped liquid crystals was prepared via seed emulsion polymerization in which the synthetic process was mimicking plant respiration. The resulting system demonstrated reversible low voltage-driven switching between multispectral colored and transparent states. Moreover, wearable multicolor electrochromic fibers based on calcium alginate were produced via wet spinning to expand the application of yolk-shell dye-doped liquid crystal microcapsules. In addition to its long-term optical stability, the proposed cells and fibers also have satisfactory driving voltage values of color change (4.8 and 9.0 V), which are far lower than the human body safety voltage (12 V). We believe that the prepared microcapsules and fibers are potentially widely applicable in smart windows, electronic paper, and military camouflage clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - John Lawton West
- Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Shaohai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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9
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Nghiem TL, Chakroun R, Janoszka N, Chen C, Klein K, Wong CK, Gröschel AH. pH-Controlled Hierarchical Assembly/Disassembly of Multicompartment Micelles in Water. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000301. [PMID: 32613695 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multicompartment micelles (MCMs) have become attractive drug delivery systems as they allow the separate storage of two or more incompatible cargos in their core compartments (e.g., drugs and dyes for imaging). A recent hierarchical self-assembly process for hydrophobic terpolymers in organic solvents showed the ability to form very homogeneous MCM populations, yet the transfer of this process into water requires a better understanding of the formation mechanism and influence of chain mobility during assembly. Here, the synthesis of a linear poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-block-poly(benzyl acrylate)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (POEGMA-b-PBzA-b-P4VP) triblock terpolymer by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported as well as its step-wise assembly into MCMs in water with POEGMA corona, PBzA patches, and P4VP core. Reversible assembly/disassembly of the MCMs is investigated through protonation/deprotonation of the P4VP core. Interestingly, the low glass transition temperature (Tg ) of the hydrophobic PBzA middle block causes MCMs to directly disassemble into molecularly dissolved chains instead of patchy micelles due to mechanical stress from electrosteric repulsion of the protonated P4VP corona chains. In addition, pH resistant MCMs are created by core-crosslinking and fluorescent properties are added by covalent anchoring of fluorescent dyes via straightforward click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Lam Nghiem
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Ramzi Chakroun
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Nicole Janoszka
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Chen Chen
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Kai Klein
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Chin Ken Wong
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - André H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
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10
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Lu Y, Lin J, Wang L, Zhang L, Cai C. Self-Assembly of Copolymer Micelles: Higher-Level Assembly for Constructing Hierarchical Structure. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4111-4140. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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11
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Miao C, Zhu X, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Rational design of nonlinear crystalline-amorphous-responsive terpolymers for pH-guided fabrication of 0D–3D nano-objects. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization/pH-induced self-assembly of starlike and tadpole-linear terpolymers allowed the formation of 0D spheres/vesicles, 1D cylinders, 2D platelets/nanosheets and 3D tadpoles/dendritic vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Miao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jian Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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12
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Nam J, Kim Y, Kim JG, Seo M. Self-Assembly of Monolayer Vesicles via Backbone-Shiftable Synthesis of Janus Core–Shell Bottlebrush Polymer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
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13
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Sponchioni M, Capasso Palmiero U, Moscatelli D. Thermo-responsive polymers: Applications of smart materials in drug delivery and tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:589-605. [PMID: 31147031 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are attracting great attention in the last decades for their use in the biomedical field as nanovectors for controlled drug delivery, hydrogels and scaffolds enabling cell growth. Among them, polymers able to respond to environmental stimuli have been recently under growing consideration to impart a "smart" behavior to the final product, which is highly desirable to provide it with a specific dynamic and an advanced function. In particular, thermo-responsive polymers, materials able to undergo a discontinuous phase transition or morphological change in response to a temperature variation, are among the most studied. The development of the so-called controlled radical polymerization techniques has paved the way to a high degree of engineering for the polymer architecture and properties, which in turn brought to a plethora of sophisticated behaviors for these polymers by simply switching the external temperature. These can be exploited in many different fields, from separation to advanced optics and biosensors. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the latest advances in the development of thermo-responsive materials for biomedical applications, including a highly controlled drug delivery, mediation of cell growth and bioseparation. The focus is on the structural and design aspects that are required to exploit such materials for cutting-edge applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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14
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Percebom AM, Costa LHM. Formation and assembly of amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles promoted by polymer interactions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 269:256-269. [PMID: 31102800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Almost three decades after de Gennes have introduced the term Janus for particles possessing two faces with different chemical nature, Janus particles are currently a hot topic in itself. Although de Gennes was not concerned with the size of particles, due to the advent and perspectives of nanotechnology, nanosized Janus particles have particularly received great attention. The capacity of having two antagonistic properties within the same particle has attracted interest on Janus nanoparticles for innumerous potential applications. It took some years for the studies about Janus nanoparticles to finally see great advances, mainly due to the progress in nanoparticle synthesis. What de Gennes might have not predicted (or at least he did not mention it during his speech) is that intermolecular interactions between polymers would be of immense importance to the actual achievement of Janus nanoparticles. Moreover, these interactions can also have large effects on the assembly process of amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles, which is important to form hierarchical structures and new materials at different scales. Hence, it is interesting to notice that de Gennes' contribution for the polymer field has been influencing the preparation and the controlled assembly of Janus nanoparticles. This article attempts to summarize empirical studies where noncovalent forces between polymers played a role, either on the production of Janus nanoparticles or on their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Percebom
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, PUC-Rio, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lais Helena Moreira Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, PUC-Rio, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Multifunctional biocompatible Janus nanostructures for biomedical applications. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Konishcheva EV, Daubian D, Rigo S, Meier WP. Probing membrane asymmetry of ABC polymersomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1148-1151. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the sensitivity of the membrane asymmetry of ABC (PEO-b-PCL-b-PMOXA) polymersomes towards the end-group modification of a shorter C block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia V. Konishcheva
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry
| | - Davy Daubian
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Serena Rigo
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang P. Meier
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
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17
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Konishcheva E, Daubian D, Gaitzsch J, Meier W. Synthesis of Linear ABC Triblock Copolymers and Their Self-Assembly in Solution. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201700287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia Konishcheva
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Davy Daubian
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
This work describes the programmable self-assembly of ABC triblock terpolymers into patchy micelles and further to supracolloidal chains in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.-L. Nghiem
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45127 Essen
- Germany
| | - T. I. Löbling
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45127 Essen
- Germany
| | - A. H. Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- 45127 Essen
- Germany
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19
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Piloni A, Walther A, Stenzel MH. Compartmentalized nanoparticles in aqueous solution through hierarchical self-assembly of triblock glycopolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00792f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers can elegantly assemble in water to form well-defined nano-objects and through smart design of the polymers it is possible to efficiently prepare functional materials for biomedical applications such as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Piloni
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW
- Sydney
- Australia
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20
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Huo M, Zeng M, Li D, Liu L, Wei Y, Yuan J. Tailoring the Multicompartment Nanostructures of Fluoro-Containing ABC Triblock Terpolymer Assemblies via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huo
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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21
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Carneiro N, Percebom AM, Loh W. Quest for Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Liquid-Crystalline Surfactant Cores. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5518-5528. [PMID: 31457819 PMCID: PMC6644550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the preparation and characterization of anisotropic composition nanoparticles based on the electrostatic binding of dodecyltrimethylammonium surfactant to poly(acrylic acid) blocks of diblock copolymers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm). These nanoparticles form kinetically stable dispersions and display liquid-crystalline cores with a micellar cubic structure, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. Mixtures with different proportions of the two block copolymers and stoichiometric amounts of C12TA+ were prepared and their behavior was compared with that of the parent nanoparticles. Upon heating, dilute dispersions (0.01 and 0.1 wt %) analyzed by dynamic light scattering display a slight decrease in the hydrodynamic radius, consistent with the dehydration of PNIPAm and mixed PNIPAm-PEO blocks at the shell. At higher concentrations, 2 wt %, the nanoparticles with pure PNIPAm shell undergo macroscopic phase separation above 32 °C. Nanoparticles with a pure PEO shell do not display temperature sensitivity. For the mixtures, no visual change is observed, but the dynamic light scattering results evidence the formation of clusters, whose size and reversibility depend on the PEO/PNIPAm proportion. This indicates the formation of mixed nanoparticles containing both PEO and PNIPAm blocks. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy NMR analyses of the mixtures do not show the correlation peak expected for PEO and PNIPAm blocks in close proximity, suggesting their segregation at the nanoparticle shell. On the basis of these results, we discuss the possibilities of the neutral blocks distribution on the shell of mixed nanoparticles. Overall, we have confirmed that these nanoparticles may display a temperature-controlled reversible aggregation while preserving their internal liquid-crystalline structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia
M. Carneiro
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Percebom
- Department
of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University
of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Watson Loh
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
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22
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CO2
-Induced Morphological Transition of Co-Assemblies from Block-Random Segmented Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Konishcheva EV, Zhumaev UE, Kratt M, Oehri V, Meier W. Complex Self-Assembly Behavior of Bis-hydrophilic PEO-b-PCL-b-PMOXA Triblock Copolymers in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia V. Konishcheva
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulmas E. Zhumaev
- Molecular
Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kratt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Oehri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Zhang Z, Li H, Huang X, Chen D. Solution-Based Thermodynamically Controlled Conversion from Diblock Copolymers to Janus Nanoparticles. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:580-585. [PMID: 35650841 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized polymeric Janus particles (NPJPs) have important applications in a variety of theoretical and practical research fields. However, the methods that are versatile and can prepare NPJPs highly efficiently are very limited. Herein, we reported a two-step thermodynamically controlled preparation of NPJPs with a high yield using a diblock copolymer as the precursor. At the first step, A-b-B coassembled in the solution with a partner diblock copolymer C-b-B to form the mixed shell micelles (MSMs) with B core and A/C mixed shell. Then, intramicellarly covalently cross-linking the A block chains resulted in the complete phase separation of A and C chains in the mixed shell, leading to the direct conversion of the MSMs into NPJPs. The first step, diblock copolymer micellization, is known as a thermodynamically controlled process, and we also made the second step, conversion from MSMs to NPJPs, be thermodynamically controlled due to the application of covalent cross-linking. As the result, the conversion efficiency is close to 100%. Besides, it was further confirmed that the method can be applied to different systems and used to tune the Janus balance. Therefore, this conversion should be very significant for the fabrication and application of the NPJPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Haodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiayun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
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25
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Tritschler U, Pearce S, Gwyther J, Whittell GR, Manners I. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Functional Nanoparticles from the Solution Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Tritschler
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Gwyther
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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26
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Muslim A, Zhao Z, Shi Y, Malik D. Secondary self-assembly behaviors of PEO-b-PtBA-b-PS triblock terpolymers in solution. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Son KH, Lee JW. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Based Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels for Cell Sheet Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E854. [PMID: 28773974 PMCID: PMC5456593 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The swelling properties and thermal transition of hydrogels can be tailored by changing the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of polymer networks. Especially, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) has received attention as thermo-responsive hydrogels for tissue engineering because its hydrophobicity and swelling property are transited around body temperature (32 °C). In this study, we investigated the potential of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as a hydrophilic co-monomer and crosslinker of PNIPAm to enhance biological properties of PNIPAm hydrogels. The swelling ratios, lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and internal pore structure of the synthesized p(NIPAm-co-PEGDA) hydrogels could be varied with changes in the molecular weight of PEGDA and the co-monomer ratios (NIPAm to PEGDA). We found that increasing the molecular weight of PEGDA showed an increase of pore sizes and swelling ratios of the hydrogels. In contrast, increasing the weight ratio of PEGDA under the same molecular weight condition increased the crosslinking density and decreased the swelling ratios of the hydrogels. Further, to evaluate the potential of these hydrogels as cell sheets, we seeded bovine chondrocytes on the p(NIPAm-co-PEGDA) hydrogels and observed the proliferation of the seed cells and their detachment as a cell sheet upon a decrease in temperature. Based on our results, we confirmed that p(NIPAm-co-PEGDA) hydrogels could be utilized as cell sheets with enhanced cell proliferation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, 34, Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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28
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Zhuang Z, Jiang T, Lin J, Gao L, Yang C, Wang L, Cai C. Hierarchical Nanowires Synthesized by Supramolecular Stepwise Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Liang Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chaoying Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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29
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Zhuang Z, Jiang T, Lin J, Gao L, Yang C, Wang L, Cai C. Hierarchical Nanowires Synthesized by Supramolecular Stepwise Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12522-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Liang Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chaoying Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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30
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Liu H, Luo J, Shan W, Guo D, Wang J, Hsu CH, Huang M, Zhang W, Lotz B, Zhang WB, Liu T, Yue K, Cheng SZD. Manipulation of Self-Assembled Nanostructure Dimensions in Molecular Janus Particles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6585-6596. [PMID: 27337531 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate self-assembly of molecular building blocks is the key to achieving precise "bottom-up" fabrications of desired nanostructures. Herein, we report a rational design, facile synthesis, and self-assembly of a series of molecular Janus particles (MJPs) constructed by chemically linking α-Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters with functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages. Diverse nanostructures were obtained by tuning secondary interactions among the building blocks and solvents via three factors: solvent polarity, surface functionality of POSS derivatives, and molecular topology. Self-assembled morphologies of KPOM-BPOSS (B denotes isobutyl groups) were found dependent on solvent polarity. In acetonitrile/water mixtures with a high dielectric constant, colloidal nanoparticles with nanophase-separated internal lamellar structures quickly formed, which gradually turned into one-dimensional nanobelt crystals upon aging, while stacked crystalline lamellae were dominantly observed in less polar methanol/chloroform solutions. When the crystallizable BPOSS was replaced with noncrystallizable cyclohexyl-functionalized CPOSS, the resulting KPOM-CPOSS also formed colloidal spheres; however, it failed to further evolve into crystalline nanobelt structures. In less polar solvents, KPOM-CPOSS crystallized into isolated two-dimensional nanosheets, which were composed of two inner crystalline layers of Keggin POM covered by two monolayers of amorphous CPOSS. In contrast, self-assembly of KPOM-2BPOSS was dominated by crystallization of the BPOSS cages, which was hardly sensitive to solvent polarity. The BPOSS cages formed the crystalline inner bilayer, sandwiched by two outer layers of Keggin POM clusters. These results illustrate a rational strategy to purposely fabricate self-assembled nanostructures with diverse dimensionality from MJPs with controlled molecular composition and topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jiancheng Luo
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Wenpeng Shan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Bernard Lotz
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 23, Rue du Lœss, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Kan Yue
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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31
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Wu D, Chew JW, Honciuc A. Polarity Reversal in Homologous Series of Surfactant-Free Janus Nanoparticles: Toward the Next Generation of Amphiphiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6376-6386. [PMID: 27283348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to finely tune the amphiphilic balance of Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) could represent a step forward toward creating the next generation of solid-state amphiphiles with significant potential for applications. The inherent amphiphilicity of JNPs stemming from an intrinsic polarity contrast between two surface regions is well-acknowledged, but remained difficult to demonstrate experimentally in the absence of surfactants and stabilizers. We have designed two homologous series of surfactant-free polymeric JNPs starting from polystyrene (PS) seed nanoparticles (NPs) on which we grew Janus lobes of different sizes via seed polymerization and phase separation of the 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl-methacrylate (3-TSPM) monomer. The two series differ only by the radical initiator used in the seed polymerization: polar ionic ammonium persulfate (APS) vs nonpolar oil-soluble 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN). To compare the two series, we employed them in the emulsification of water with heptane or molten paraffin wax. A polarity reversal of the JNPs within AIBN-JNP series could be observed from the catastrophic and transitional emulsion phase inversions and occurred when the more polar lobe was larger than the nonpolar seed PS lobe. Furthermore, the AIBN-JNPs appeared to be amphiphilic and adopt preferred orientation within the monolayer at the oil/water interface. We therefore demonstrated that in the absence of surfactants the amphiphilicity of the JNPs depends not only on the relative size of the lobes, but also on the surface polarity contrast, which can be tuned by changing the nature of radical initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) , Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) , Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Andrei Honciuc
- Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland
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32
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Sponchioni M, Ferrari R, Morosi L, Moscatelli D. Influence of the polymer structure over self-assembly and thermo-responsive properties: The case of PEG-b-PCL grafted copolymers via a combination of RAFT and ROP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Lavinia Morosi
- IRCSS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri; Milano 20156 Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Milano 20131 Italy
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33
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Liu H, Guo Z, He S, Yin H, Feng Y. Synthesis and self-assembly of ABC linear triblock copolymers to target CO2-responsive multicompartment micelles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ABC triblock copolymers were synthesized by tailoring the block length, suggesting polymers in a narrow composition window (0.34 ≤ fF ≤ 0.38) might transform from spherical micelles to multicompartment micelles upon stimulation of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Zanru Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Shuai He
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyao Yin
- Polymer Research Institute
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- P. R. China
| | - Yujun Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
- Polymer Research Institute
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34
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Gröschel AH, Müller AHE. Self-assembly concepts for multicompartment nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11841-76. [PMID: 26123217 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02448j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization is ubiquitous to many biological and artificial systems, be it for the separate storage of incompatible matter or to isolate transport processes. Advancements in the synthesis of sequential block copolymers offer a variety of tools to replicate natural design principles with tailor-made soft matter for the precise spatial separation of functionalities on multiple length scales. Here, we review recent trends in the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers to multicompartment nanostructures (MCNs) under (semi-)dilute conditions, with special emphasis on ABC triblock terpolymers. The intrinsic immiscibility of connected blocks induces short-range repulsion into discrete nano-domains stabilized by a third, soluble block or molecular additive. Polymer blocks can be synthesized from an arsenal of functional monomers directing self-assembly through packing frustration or response to various fields. The mobility in solution further allows the manipulation of self-assembly processes into specific directions by clever choice of environmental conditions. This review focuses on practical concepts that direct self-assembly into predictable nanostructures, while narrowing particle dispersity with respect to size, shape and internal morphology. The growing understanding of underlying self-assembly mechanisms expands the number of experimental concepts providing the means to target and manipulate progressively complex superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- André H Gröschel
- Molecular Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
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35
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Muslim A, Shi Y, Yan Y, Yao D, Rexit AA. Preparation of cylindrical multi-compartment micelles by the hierarchical self-assembly of ABC triblock polymer in solution. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic linear ABC triblock copolymer PnBA28-b-PS37-b-P2VP73 was prepared by the RAFT method. Spherical patchy micelles and cylindrical MCMs were formed in different steps of its two-step hierarchical self-assembly in selected solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzugul Muslim
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang Normal University
- Urumqi
- China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
| | - Yi Shi
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yechao Yan
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing
- China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing
- China
| | - Abulikemu Abudu Rexit
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang Normal University
- Urumqi
- China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
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36
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RAFT polymerization of linear ABC triblock copolymer PtBA-b-PS-b-P2VP and regulation of its hierarchical self-assembly structure in solution. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLinear ABC triblock copolymer PtBA
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37
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Jin Z, Fan H. Self-assembly of nanostructured block copolymer nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9212-9219. [PMID: 25341526 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this highlight, we discuss the self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP) nanoparticles. We first review the state-of-art of hierarchical structural features of BCP nanoparticles due to 3D geometric confinement, both theory and experiments. Simultaneously, we highlight the applications based on these structural features: the generation of multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles, the fabrication of mesoporous BCP nanoparticles, and applications of using BCP nanoparticles as nanocontainers or nanocargos. Finally, we discuss the challenge in the fabrication and potential applications of nanostructured BCP nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China.
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38
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Tran LTC, Lesieur S, Faivre V. Janus nanoparticles: materials, preparation and recent advances in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1061-74. [PMID: 24811771 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.915806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term Janus particles was used to describe particles that are the combination of two distinct sides with differences in chemical nature and/or polarity on each face. Due to the exponential growth of interest on multifunctional nanotechnologies, such anisotropic nanoparticles are promising tools in the field of drug delivery. AREAS COVERED The main preparation processes and the materials used have been described first. Then a specific focus has been done on therapeutic and/or diagnostic applications of Janus particles. EXPERT OPINION Janus particles are demonstrated as interesting objects with advanced properties that combine features and functionalities of different materials in one single unit. Due to their dual structure, Janus particles are promising candidates for a variety of high-quality applications dealing with drug delivery purposes. Still, the main challenges for the future lie in the development of the preparation of shape-controlled and nano-sized particles with large-scale production processes and approved pharmaceutical excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Tuyet-Chau Tran
- UMR CNRS 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud Labo. Physico-chimie des Systèmes Polyphasés , 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex , France
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39
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Barthel MJ, Schacher FH, Schubert US. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based ABC triblock terpolymers – synthetic complexity vs. application benefits. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01666h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a short summary of possible synthetic routes for the synthesis of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) containing triblock terpolymers, as well as different applications in the bulk or in solution – including the preparation of porous materials, hybrid systems, and carriers for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J. Barthel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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40
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Guo H, Qiu X, Zhou J. Self-assembled core-shell and Janus microphase separated structures of polymer blends in aqueous solution. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4817003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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41
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Liu X, Gao H, Huang F, Pei X, An Y, Zhang Z, Shi L. Structure change of mixed shell polymeric micelles and its interaction with bio-targets as probed by the 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) fluorescence. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Lou SF, Zhang H, Williams GR, Branford-White C, Nie HL, Quan J, Zhu LM. Fabrication and aggregation of thermoresponsive glucose-functionalized double hydrophilic copolymers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 105:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Walther A, Müller AHE. Janus Particles: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, Physical Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5194-261. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300089t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1328] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walther
- DWI at RWTH Aachen University − Institute for Interactive Materials Research, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz,
Germany
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Borisov O, Zhulina E. Theory of self-assembly of triblock ter-polymers in selective solvent towards corona-compartmentalized (Janus) micelles. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Wyman IW, Liu G. Micellar structures of linear triblock terpolymers: Three blocks but many possibilities. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Gao H, Xiong J, Cheng T, Liu J, Chu L, Liu J, Ma R, Shi L. In vivo biodistribution of mixed shell micelles with tunable hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:460-7. [PMID: 23281663 DOI: 10.1021/bm301694t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The miserable targeting performance of nanocarriers for cancer therapy arises largely from the rapid clearance from blood circulation and the major accumulation in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), leading to inefficient enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect after intravenous injection (i.v.). Herein, we reported an efficient method to prolong the blood circulation of nanoparticles and decrease their deposition in liver and spleen. In this work, we fabricated a series of mixed shell micelles (MSMs) with approximately the same size, charge and core composition but with varied hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratios in the shell through spontaneously self-assembly of block copolymers poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lysine) (PEG-b-PLys) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(aspartic acid) (PNIPAM-b-PAsp) in aqueous medium. The effect of the surface heterogeneity on the in vivo biodistribution was systematically investigated through in vivo tracking of the (125)I-labeled MSMs determined by Gamma counter. Compared with single PEGylated micelles, some MSMs were proved to be significantly efficient with more than 3 times lower accumulation in liver and spleen and about 6 times higher concentration in blood at 1 h after i.v.. The results provide us a novel strategy for future development of long-circulating nanocarriers for efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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47
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48
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Moughton AO, Sagawa T, Gramlich WM, Seo M, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Synthesis of block polymer miktobrushes. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Lysenko EA, Kulebyakina AI, Chelushkin PS, Rumyantsev AM, Kramarenko EY, Zezin AB. Polymer micelles with hydrophobic core and ionic amphiphilic corona. 1. Statistical distribution of charged and nonpolar units in corona. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:17108-17117. [PMID: 23137284 DOI: 10.1021/la3026039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer micelles with hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) core and ionic amphiphilic corona from charged N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide (EVP) and uncharged 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) units spontaneously self-assembled from PS-block-poly(4VP-stat-EVP) macromolecules in mixed dimethylformamide/methanol/water solvent. The fraction of statistically distributed EVP units in corona-forming block is β = [EVP]/([EVP]+[4VP]) = 0.3-1. Micelles were transferred into water via dialysis technique, and pH was adjusted to 9, where 4VP is insoluble. Structural characteristics of micelles were investigated both experimentally and theoretically as a function of corona composition β. Methods of dynamic and static light scattering, electrophoretic mobility measurements, sedimentation velocity, transmission electron microscopy, and UV spectrophotometry were applied. All micelles possessed spherical morphology. The aggregation number, structure, and electrophoretic mobility of micelles changed in a jumplike manner near β ~ 0.6-0.75. Below and above this region, micelle characteristics were constant or insignificantly changed upon β. Theoretical dependencies for micelle aggregation number, corona dimensions, and fraction of small counterions outside corona versus β were derived via minimization the micelle free energy, taking into account surface, volume, electrostatic, and elastic contributions of chain units and translational entropy of mobile counterions. Theoretical estimations also point onto a sharp structural transition at a certain corona composition. The abrupt reorganization of micelle structure at β ~ 0.6-0.75 entails dramatic changes in micelle dispersion stability in the presence of NaCl or in the presence of oppositely charged polymeric (sodium polymethacrylate) or amphiphilic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) complexing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Lysenko
- Chair of Polymer Sciences, Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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50
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Newcomb CJ, Moyer TJ, Lee SS, Stupp SI. Advances in cryogenic transmission electron microscopy for the characterization of dynamic self-assembling nanostructures. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [PMID: 23204913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the structural information of nanoscale materials in their solvent-exposed state is crucial, as a result, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) has become an increasingly popular technique in the materials science, chemistry, and biology communities. Cryo-TEM provides a method to directly visualize the specimen structure in a solution-state through a thin film of vitrified solvent. This technique complements X-ray, neutron, and light scattering methods that probe the statistical average of all species present; furthermore, cryo-TEM can be used to observe changes in structure over time. In the area of self-assembly, this tool has been particularly powerful for the characterization of natural and synthetic small molecule assemblies, as well as hybrid organic-inorganic composites. In this review, we discuss recent advances in cryogenic TEM in the context of self-assembling systems with emphasis on characterization of transitions observed in response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Newcomb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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