1
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Lin PA, Yang B, Lin C, Fan Z, Chen Y, Zhang W, Cai B, Sun J, Zheng X, Zhang WH. A regulation strategy of self-assembly molecules for achieving efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14305-14316. [PMID: 38693910 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been successfully employed to enhance the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells due to their facile low-temperature processing and superior device performance. Nevertheless, depositing uniform and dense SAMs with high surface coverage on metal oxide substrates remains a critical challenge. In this work, we propose a holistic strategy to construct composite hole transport layers (HTLs) by co-adsorbing mixed SAMs (MeO-2PACz and 2PACz) onto the surface of the H2O2-modified NiOx layer. The results demonstrate that the conductivity of the NiOx bulk phase is enhanced due to the H2O2 modification, thereby facilitating carrier transport. Furthermore, the hydroxyl-rich NiOx surface promotes uniform and dense adsorption of mixed SAM molecules while enhancing their anchoring stability. In addition, the energy level alignment at the interface is improved due to the utilization of mixed SAMs in an optimized ratio. Furthermore, the perovskite film crystal growth is facilitated by the uniform and dense composite HTLs. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs based on composite HTLs is boosted from 22.26% to 23.16%, along with enhanced operational stability. This work highlights the importance of designing and constructing NiOx/SAM composite HTLs as an effective strategy for enhancing both the performance and stability of inverted PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-An Lin
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
- National Energy Novel Materials Center, Chengdu 610200, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
- National Energy Novel Materials Center, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Changqing Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenghui Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
- National Energy Novel Materials Center, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Bing Cai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
- National Energy Novel Materials Center, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China.
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2
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Pattadar D, Arcidiacono A, Beery D, Hanson K, Saavedra SS. Molecular Orientation and Energy Transfer Dynamics of a Metal Oxide Bound Self-Assembled Trilayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:10670-10679. [PMID: 37466635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of molecular multilayers via metal ion linkages has become an important strategy for interfacial engineering of metalloid and metal oxide (MOx) substrates, with applications in numerous areas, including energy harvesting, catalysis, and chemical sensing. An important aspect for the rational design of these multilayers is knowledge of the molecular structure-function relationships. For example, in a multilayer composed of different chromophores in each layer, the molecular orientation of each layer, both relative to the adjacent layers and the substrate, influences the efficiency of vectorial energy and electron transfer. Here, we describe an approach using UV-vis attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy to determine the mean dipole tilt angle of chromophores in each layer in a metal ion-linked trilayer self-assembled on indium-tin oxide. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the measurement of the orientation of three different chromophores in a single assembly. The ATR approach allows the adsorption of each layer to be monitored in real-time, and any changes in the orientation of an underlying layer arising from the adsorption of an overlying layer can be detected. We also performed transient absorption spectroscopy to monitor interlayer energy transfer dynamics in order to relate structure to function. We found that near unity efficiency, sub-nanosecond energy transfer between the third and second layer was primarily dictated by the distance between the chromophores. Thus, in this case, the orientation had minimal impact at such proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Pattadar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ashley Arcidiacono
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Drake Beery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - S Scott Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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3
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Pattadar D, Zheng L, Robb AJ, Beery D, Yang W, Hanson K, Scott Saavedra S. Molecular Orientation of -PO 3H 2 and -COOH Functionalized Dyes on TiO 2, Al 2O 3, ZrO 2, and ITO: A Comparative Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:2705-2715. [PMID: 36908684 PMCID: PMC9996377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Modification of transparent metal oxide (MOx) surfaces with organic monolayers is widely employed to tailor the properties of interfaces in organic electronic devices, and MOx substrates modified with light-absorbing chromophores are a key component of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The effects of an organic modifier on the performance of a MOx-based device are frequently assessed by performing experiments on model monolayer|MOx interfaces, where an "inert" MOx (e.g., Al2O3) is used as a control for an "active" MOx (e.g., TiO2). An underlying assumption in these studies is that the structure of the MOx-monolayer complex is similar between different metal oxides. The validity of this assumption was examined in the present study. Using UV-Vis attenuated total reflection spectroscopy, we measured the mean dipole tilt angle of 4,4'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene)diphosphonic acid (A1P) adsorbed on indium tin oxide (ITO), TiO2, ZrO2, and Al2O3. When the surface roughness of the MOx substrate and the surface coverage (𝛤) of the A1P film were constant, the molecular orientation of A1P was the same on these substrates. The study was extended to 4,4'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene)dicarboxylic acid (A1C) adsorbed on the same group of MOx substrates. The mean tilt angle of A1C and A1P films on ITO was the same, which is likely due the intermolecular interactions resulting from the high and approximately equal 𝛤 of both films. Comparing A1C films at the same 𝛤 on TiO2 and Al2O3 having the same surface roughness, there was no difference in the mean tilt angle. MD simulations of A1C and A1P on TiO2 produced nearly identical tilt angle distributions, which supports the experimental findings. This study provides first experimental support for the assumption that the structure of the MOx-modifer film is the same on an "active" substrate vs. a "inert" control substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Pattadar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Lianqing Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Alex J. Robb
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Drake Beery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - S. Scott Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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4
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Gao Y, Aspnes DE, Franzen S. Classical Model of Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:341-351. [PMID: 35005959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecule-plasmon interaction is the key to the mechanisms of surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Since plasmons are well described by Maxwell's equations, one fundamental treatment involves the classical interpretation of infrared absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies. We can understand the molecule-plasmon interaction using electromagnetic theory if the classical field effect on a transition dipole moment or transition polarizability is properly described. In previous work, we derived the Raman excitation profile of a model molecule using a classical driven spring attached to a charged mass with a perturbative force constant due to vibrational oscillations. In this study we generalize the interactions of plasmons with molecules by considering the N2O asymmetric stretch SEIRA signal on a Dy doped CdO (CdO:Dy) film. This semiconductor has tunable plasmon dispersion curves throughout the near-and mid-infrared that can interact directly with vibrational absorption transitions. We have demonstrated this using the Kretschmann configuration with a CaF2 prism and a MgO substrate. The model predicts the phase behavior of SEIRA. The calculated enhancement factor relative to an Au control is 6.2, in good agreement with the value of 6.8 ± 0.5 measured under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - D E Aspnes
- Department of Physics, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, United States
| | - Stefan Franzen
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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5
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Phung N, Verheijen M, Todinova A, Datta K, Verhage M, Al-Ashouri A, Köbler H, Li X, Abate A, Albrecht S, Creatore M. Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2166-2176. [PMID: 34936322 PMCID: PMC8763377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent electronic properties. Recent advancements in device performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been achieved with the application of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), serving as stand-alone hole transport layers in the p-i-n architecture. Specifically, phosphonic acid SAMs, directly functionalizing indium-tin oxide (ITO), are presently adopted for highly efficient devices. Despite their successes, so far, little is known about the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO used in PSCs application, which can affect the device performance, as non-covered areas can result in shunting or low open-circuit voltage. In this study, we investigate the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO and observe that the SAM of MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) inhomogeneously covers the ITO substrate. Instead, when adopting an intermediate layer of NiO between ITO and the SAM, the homogeneity, and hence the surface coverage of the SAM, improve. In this work, NiO is processed by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) with Ni(MeCp)2 as the precursor and O2 plasma as the co-reactant. Specifically, the presence of ALD NiO leads to a homogeneous distribution of SAM molecules on the metal oxide area, accompanied by a high shunt resistance in the devices with respect to those with SAM directly processed on ITO. At the same time, the SAM is key to the improvement of the open-circuit voltage of NiO + MeO-2PACz devices compared to those with NiO alone. Thus, the combination of NiO and SAM results in a narrower distribution of device performance reaching a more than 20% efficient champion device. The enhancement of SAM coverage in the presence of NiO is corroborated by several characterization techniques including advanced imaging by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental composition quantification by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) mapping. We believe this finding will further promote the usage of phosphonic acid based SAM molecules in perovskite PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Phung
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheijen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Todinova
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kunal Datta
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Verhage
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Young
Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekulestraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Köbler
- Young
Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite
Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Young
Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekulestraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Young
Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite
Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Italy
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Young
Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekulestraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Marchstraße 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariadriana Creatore
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech Campus 21, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven
Institute of Renewable Energy Systems (EIRES), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Machado MVH, Rodrigues-Junior G, Malachias A. Emergence of Supramolecular Order from Combined Linear Amphiphilic and Diphosphonate Molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3685-3693. [PMID: 33720737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled molecules exhibit key functionalities for the development of novel technologies and applications. Usually, molecular systems that exhibit long-range positional order are employed in their pure form. In this work, we observe that a combination of an amphiphilic molecule, tetradecyl-phosphonic acid (TPA), and a diphosphonate molecule with a similar length, 1,10-decyldiphosphonic acid (DdPA), induces distinct long-range ordered structures depending on the relative volume of dilutions used for drop coating. Starting from 0.2 mM diluted ethanol solutions of each molecule and combining both in distinct proportions that range from 1:20 to 20:1, we were able to identify periodic molecular structures that consist of three and five molecules of TPA and DdPA arranged in symmetries and were retrieved by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The possibility of deterministically building up such structures can be further developed to induce surface and bulk behaviors that better suit applications such as coatings for chemical and biological studies, as well as to engineer layers used in organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilberto Rodrigues-Junior
- Physics Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6692 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angelo Malachias
- Physics Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6692 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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7
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Bobb-Semple D, Zeng L, Cordova I, Bergsman DS, Nordlund D, Bent SF. Substrate-Dependent Study of Chain Orientation and Order in Alkylphosphonic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers for ALD Blocking. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12849-12857. [PMID: 33079543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For years, many efforts in area selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) have focused on trying to achieve high-quality self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which have been shown by a number of studies to be effective for blocking deposition. Herein, we show that in some cases where a densely packed SAM is not formed, significant ALD inhibition may still be realized. The formation of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) SAMs was evaluated on four metal substrates: Cu, Co, W, and Ru. The molecular orientation, chain packing, and relative surface coverage were evaluated using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). ODPA SAMs formed on Co, Cu, and W showed strong angular dependence of the NEXAFS signal whereas ODPA on Ru did not, suggesting a disordered layer was formed on Ru. Additionally, EIS and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that Co and Cu form densely packed, "crystal-like" SAMs whereas Ru and W form less dense monolayers, a surprising result since W-ODPA was previously shown to inhibit the ALD of ZnO and Al2O3 best among all the substrates. This work suggests that multiple factors play a role in SAM-based AS-ALD, not just the SAM quality. Therefore, metrological averaging techniques (e.g., WCA and FTIR spectroscopy) commonly used for evaluating SAMs to predict their suitability for ALD inhibition should be supplemented by more atomically sensitive methods. Finally, it highlights important considerations for describing the mechanism of SAM-based selective ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Bobb-Semple
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
| | - Isvar Cordova
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David S Bergsman
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stacey F Bent
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5025, United States
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8
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Sachet E, Aspnes DE, Maria JP, Franzen S. Critical Test of the Interaction of Surface Plasmon Resonances with Molecular Vibrational Transitions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1744-1753. [PMID: 32040317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We determine the infrared absorption spectra of a gas due to evanescent plasmonic electromagnetic fields in a system where surface interactions (physisorption and chemisorption) are demonstrably negligible. The plasmonic host material, the degenerate semiconductor CdO:Dy, has high mobility (366-450 cm2/(V s)) and carrier density ((0.6-3.5) × 1020 cm-3), and therefore supports low-loss surface plasmon resonances in the mid-IR. This high-mobility layer gives the highest resolution observed in a plasmonic conducting material in the infrared, higher than that of gold and rivaling that of silver. The high resolution permits a new understanding of the nature of the interaction of emerging fields with molecular transitions. Using different carrier concentrations, the resonance condition of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) frequency (ωSPP) and N2O vibrational absorption spectral frequency (ωN2O) can be controlled, thereby allowing a critical test of field-molecule interactions. Experiment and theory both indicate a dispersive N2O line shape for ωSPP < ωN2O, an absorptive line shape for ωSPP < ωN2O, and an abrupt change between the two when the resonance condition ωSPP < ωN2O is reached. A first-order expansion of the Airy equation describes this behavior analytically. The SPP surface enhancement is 6.8 ± 0.5 on-resonance, lower than enhancements observed in other systems, but in agreement with recent quantitative reports of surface enhanced infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA). Our results show that interactions of infrared SPPs with molecular vibrations are in the weak coupling limit, and that enhancements comparable those reported for noble metals can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Sachet
- Third Floor Materials, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina 27603, United States
| | - D E Aspnes
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - J-P Maria
- Department of Materials Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Stefan Franzen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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9
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Venkata Jagadeesh R, Lakshminarayanan V. Effect of solvents on the self-assembly of long chain alkylphosphonic acids on indium tin oxide surface - In situ studies on the adsorption kinetics and electron transfer process. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Athanasopoulou EN, Nianias N, Ong QK, Stellacci F. Bimodal atomic force microscopy for the characterization of thiolated self-assembled monolayers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:23027-23036. [PMID: 30507983 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface coatings are becoming an integral part of materials. In recent years, molecular coatings have found larger acceptance and uses. Among them, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are attractive due to their inherent versatility, manufacturability, and scale up ease. Understanding their structure-properties relationships in realistic conditions remains a major challenge. Here we present a methodology based on simultaneous topographical and nanomechanical characterization of SAMs using a commercially available setup for bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM). It allows for accurate and quantitative measurement of surface elasticity, which is correlated to molecular ordering through topographical imaging. Our results indicate that effective surface elasticity (E*) scales with monolayer formation-time and ligand-length, parameters known to affect ligand ordering. The method developed, is extended to provide localization of the chemical species present in thiolated binary SAMs. Within the systems tested phase separation down to ∼10 nm domains could be observed both in the topography and in the elasticity channel.
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11
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Cattani-Scholz A. Functional Organophosphonate Interfaces for Nanotechnology: A Review. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25643-25655. [PMID: 28671811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of interfaces in inorganic-organic device systems depends strongly on understanding both the molecular processes that are involved in surface modification and the effects that such modifications have on the electronic states of the material. In particular, the last several years have seen passivation and functionalization of semiconductor surfaces to be strategies by which to realize devices with superior function by controlling Fermi level energies, band-gap magnitudes, and work functions of semiconducting substrates. Among all of the synthetic routes and deposition methods available for the optimization of functional interfaces in hybrid systems, organophosphonate chemistry has been found to be a powerful tool to control at the molecular level the properties of materials in many different applications. In this Review, we focus on the relevance of organophosphonate chemistry in nanotechnology, giving an overview about some recent advances in surface modification, interface engineering, nanostructure optimization, and biointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cattani-Scholz
- Walter Schottky Institut and Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching, Germany
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12
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Paniagua SA, Giordano AJ, Smith OL, Barlow S, Li H, Armstrong NR, Pemberton JE, Brédas JL, Ginger D, Marder SR. Phosphonic Acids for Interfacial Engineering of Transparent Conductive Oxides. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7117-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Paniagua
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Anthony J. Giordano
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - O’Neil L. Smith
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Hong Li
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Neal R. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Pemberton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - David Ginger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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13
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Kang T, Oh DX, Heo J, Lee HK, Choy S, Hawker CJ, Hwang DS. Formation, Removal, and Reformation of Surface Coatings on Various Metal Oxide Surfaces Inspired by Mussel Adhesives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24656-24662. [PMID: 26492561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mussels survive by strongly attaching to a variety of different surfaces, primarily subsurface rocks composed of metal oxides, through the formation of coordinative interactions driven by protein-based catechol repeating units contained within their adhesive secretions. From a chemistry perspective, catechols are known to form strong and reversible complexes with metal ions or metal oxides, with the binding affinity being dependent on the nature of the metal ion. As a result, catechol binding with metal oxides is reversible and can be broken in the presence of a free metal ion with a higher stability constant. It is proposed to exploit this competitive exchange in the design of a new strategy for the formation, removal, and reformation of surface coatings and self-assembled monolayers (SAM) based on catechols as the adhesive unit. In this study, catechol-functionalized tri(ethylene oxide) (TEO) was synthesized as a removable and recoverable self-assembled monolayer (SAM) for use on oxides surfaces. Attachment and detachment of these catechol derivatives on a variety of surfaces was shown to be reversible and controllable by exploiting the high stability constant of catechol to soluble metal ions, such as Fe(III). This tunable assembly based on catechol binding to metal oxides represents a new concept for reformable coatings with applications in fields ranging from friction/wettability control to biomolecular sensing and antifouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegon Kang
- Chemical Research Institute, Samsung Cheil Industries, Inc. , Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 437-711, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Han-Koo Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Sang L, Mudalige A, Sigdel AK, Giordano AJ, Marder SR, Berry JJ, Pemberton JE. PM-IRRAS Determination of Molecular Orientation of Phosphonic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers on Indium Zinc Oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5603-5613. [PMID: 25924006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of phosphonic acids (PAs) on transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surfaces can facilitate improvement in TCO/organic semiconductor interface properties. When ordered PA SAMs are formed on oxide substrates, interface dipole and electronic structure are affected by the functional group properties, orientation, and binding modes of the modifiers. Choosing octylphosphonic acid (OPA), F13-octylphosphonic acid (F13OPA), pentafluorophenyl phosphonic acid (F5PPA), benzyl phosphonic acid (BnPA), and pentafluorobenzyl phosphonic acid (F5BnPA) as a representative group of modifiers, we report polarization modulation-infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) of binding and molecular orientation on indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) substrates. Considerable variability in molecular orientation and binding type is observed with changes in PA functional group. OPA exhibits partially disordered alkyl chains but on average the chain axis is tilted ∼57° from the surface normal. F13OPA tilts 26° with mostly tridentate binding. The F5PPA ring is tilted 23° from the surface normal with a mixture of bidentate and tridentate binding; the BnPA ring tilts 31° from normal with a mixture of bidentate and tridentate binding, and the F5BnPA ring tilts 58° from normal with a majority of bidentate with some tridenate binding. These trends are consistent with what has been observed previously for the effects of fluorination on orientation of phosphonic acid modifiers. These results from PM-IRRAS are correlated with recent results on similar systems from near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Overall, these results indicate that both surface binding geometry and intermolecular interactions play important roles in dictating the orientation of PA modifiers on TCO surfaces. This work also establishes PM-IRRAS as a routine method for SAM orientation determination on complex oxide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Sang
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Anoma Mudalige
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ajaya K Sigdel
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
- §National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anthony J Giordano
- ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- ∥School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Joseph J Berry
- §National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeanne E Pemberton
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Liu D, He Z, Su Y, Diao Y, Mannsfeld SCB, Bao Z, Xu J, Miao Q. Self-assembled monolayers of cyclohexyl-terminated phosphonic acids as a general dielectric surface for high-performance organic thin-film transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7190-7196. [PMID: 25205623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on AlOy /TiOx is terminated with cyclohexyl groups, an unprecedented terminal group for all kinds of SAMs. The SAM-modified AlOy /TiOx functions as a general dielectric, enabling organic thin-film transistors with a field-effect mobility higher than 5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for both holes and electrons, good air stability with low operating voltage, and general applicability to solution-processed and vacuum-deposited n-type and p-type organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Boissezon R, Muller J, Beaugeard V, Monge S, Robin JJ. Organophosphonates as anchoring agents onto metal oxide-based materials: synthesis and applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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17
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Paniagua SA, Li EL, Marder SR. Adsorption studies of a phosphonic acid on ITO: film coverage, purity, and induced electronic structure changes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2874-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Gliboff M, Sang L, Knesting KM, Schalnat MC, Mudalige A, Ratcliff EL, Li H, Sigdel AK, Giordano AJ, Berry JJ, Nordlund D, Seidler GT, Brédas JL, Marder SR, Pemberton JE, Ginger DS. Orientation of phenylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers on a transparent conductive oxide: a combined NEXAFS, PM-IRRAS, and DFT study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2166-2174. [PMID: 23379837 DOI: 10.1021/la304594t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of dipolar phosphonic acids can tailor the interface between organic semiconductors and transparent conductive oxides. When used in optoelectronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes and solar cells, these SAMs can increase current density and photovoltaic performance. The molecular ordering and conformation adopted by the SAMs determine properties such as work function and wettability at these critical interfaces. We combine angle-dependent near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) to determine the molecular orientations of a model phenylphosphonic acid on indium zinc oxide, and correlate the resulting values with density functional theory (DFT). We find that the SAMs are surprisingly well-oriented, with the phenyl ring adopting a well-defined tilt angle of 12-16° from the surface normal. We find quantitative agreement between the two experimental techniques and density functional theory calculations. These results not only provide a detailed picture of the molecular structure of a technologically important class of SAMs, but also resolve a long-standing ambiguity regarding the vibrational-mode assignments for phosphonic acids on oxide surfaces, thus improving the utility of PM-IRRAS for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gliboff
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, United States
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Guerrero G, Alauzun JG, Granier M, Laurencin D, Mutin PH. Phosphonate coupling molecules for the control of surface/interface properties and the synthesis of nanomaterials. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:12569-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Li Y, Zuilhof H. Photochemical grafting and patterning of organic monolayers on indium tin oxide substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5350-5359. [PMID: 22324432 DOI: 10.1021/la204980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Covalently attached organic layers on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces were prepared by the photochemical grafting with 1-alkenes. The surface modification was monitored with static water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Hydrophobic methyl-terminated ITO surfaces can be obtained via the grafting of tetradec-1-ene, whereas the attachment of ω-functionalized 1-alkenes leads to functionalized ITO surfaces. The use of a C≡C-Ge(CH(3))(3) terminus allows for facile tagging of the surface with an azido group via a one-pot deprotection/click reaction, resulting in bio/electronically active interfaces. The combination of nonaggressive chemicals (alkenes), mild reaction conditions (room temperature), and a light-induced grafting that facilitates the direct patterning of organic layers makes this simple approach highly promising for the development of ITO-based (bio)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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