1
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Iqbal Z, Félix R, Musiienko A, Thiesbrummel J, Köbler H, Gutierrez-Partida E, Gries TW, Hüsam E, Saleh A, Wilks RG, Zhang J, Stolterfoht M, Neher D, Albrecht S, Bär M, Abate A, Wang Q. Unveiling the Potential of Ambient Air Annealing for Highly Efficient Inorganic CsPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4642-4651. [PMID: 38335142 PMCID: PMC10885157 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a detailed surface analysis of dry- and ambient air-annealed CsPbI3 films and their subsequent modified interfaces in perovskite solar cells. We revealed that annealing in ambient air does not adversely affect the optoelectronic properties of the semiconducting film; instead, ambient air-annealed samples undergo a surface modification, causing an enhancement of band bending, as determined by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. We observe interface charge carrier dynamics changes, improving the charge carrier extraction in CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Optical spectroscopic measurements show that trap state density is decreased due to ambient air annealing. As a result, air-annealed CsPbI3-based n-i-p structure devices achieved a 19.8% power conversion efficiency with a 1.23 V open circuit voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Félix
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jarla Thiesbrummel
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thomas W Gries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elif Hüsam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Saleh
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regan G Wilks
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Electronic Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR China
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bär
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerland Street 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Albert-Einstein-Street 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Qiong Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Iqbal Z, Zu F, Musiienko A, Gutierrez-Partida E, Köbler H, Gries TW, Sannino GV, Canil L, Koch N, Stolterfoht M, Neher D, Pavone M, Muñoz-García AB, Abate A, Wang Q. Interface Modification for Energy Level Alignment and Charge Extraction in CsPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Energy Lett 2023; 8:4304-4314. [PMID: 37854052 PMCID: PMC10580311 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs) energy level alignment and charge extraction at the interfaces are the essential factors directly affecting the device performance. In this work, we present a modified interface between all-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite and its hole-selective contact (spiro-OMeTAD), realized by the dipole molecule trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), to align the energy levels. On a passivated perovskite film, with n-octylammonium iodide (OAI), we created an upward surface band-bending at the interface by TOPO treatment. This improved interface by the dipole molecule induces a better energy level alignment and enhances the charge extraction of holes from the perovskite layer to the hole transport material. Consequently, a Voc of 1.2 V and a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 19% were achieved for inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Further, to demonstrate the effect of the TOPO dipole molecule, we present a layer-by-layer charge extraction study by a transient surface photovoltage (trSPV) technique accomplished by a charge transport simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengshuo Zu
- Institut
für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Gries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gennaro V. Sannino
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Canil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Koch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Electronic
Engineering Department, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong 999077, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Comp. Univ.
Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Belen Muñoz-García
- Department
of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department
of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Qiong Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Wu L, Li G, Prashanthan K, Musiienko A, Li J, Gries TW, Zhang H, Köbler H, Janasik P, Appiah ANS, Paramasivam G, Sun T, Li M, Marongiu D, Saba M, Abate A. Stabilization of Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with a 2D Dion-Jacobson Passivating Layer. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304150. [PMID: 37463023 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic metal halide perovskites such as CsPbI3 are promising for high-performance, reproducible, and robust solar cells. However, inorganic perovskites are sensitive to humidity, which causes the transformation from the black phase to the yellow δ, non-perovskite phase. Such phase instability has been a significant challenge to long-term operational stability. Here, a surface dimensionality reduction strategy is reported, using 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine cation to construct a Dion-Jacobson 2D phase that covers the surface of the 3D inorganic perovskite structure. The Dion-Jacobson layer mainly grows at the grain boundaries of the perovskite, effectively passivating surface defects and providing favourable interfacial charge transfer. The resulting inorganic perovskite films exhibit excellent humidity resistance when submerged in an aqueous solution (isopropanol:water = 4:1 v/v) and exposed to a 50% humidity air atmosphere. The Dion-Jacobson 2D/3D inorganic perovskite solar cell (PSC) achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.5% with a Voc of 1.197 eV. It retains 83% of its initial PCE after 1260 h of maximum power point tracking under 1.2 sun illumination. The work demonstrates an effective way for stabilizing efficient inorganic perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Wu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), I-09042, Italy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guixiang Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karunanantharajah Prashanthan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000, Sri Lanka
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinzhao Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas W Gries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux & CNRS, Talence, 33405, France
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Augustine N S Appiah
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Gopinath Paramasivam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tianxiao Sun
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Daniela Marongiu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), I-09042, Italy
| | - Michele Saba
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), I-09042, Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Hartono NTP, Köbler H, Graniero P, Khenkin M, Schlatmann R, Ulbrich C, Abate A. Stability follows efficiency based on the analysis of a large perovskite solar cells ageing dataset. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4869. [PMID: 37573324 PMCID: PMC10423264 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While perovskite solar cells have reached competitive efficiency values during the last decade, stability issues remain a critical challenge to be addressed for pushing this technology towards commercialisation. In this study, we analyse a large homogeneous dataset of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) operational ageing data that we collected with a custom-built High-throughput Ageing System in the past 3 years. In total, 2,245 MPPT ageing curves are analysed which were obtained under controlled conditions (continuous illumination, controlled temperature and atmosphere) from devices comprising various lead-halide perovskite absorbers, charge selective layers, contact layers, and architectures. In a high-level statistical analysis, we find a correlation between the maximum reached power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the relative PCE loss observed after 150-hours of ageing, with more efficient cells statistically also showing higher stability. Additionally, using the unsupervised machine learning method self-organising map, we cluster this dataset based on the degradation curve shapes. We find a correlation between the frequency of particular shapes of degradation curves and the maximum reached PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Graniero
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Business Informatics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Khenkin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Ulbrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Mariotti S, Köhnen E, Scheler F, Sveinbjörnsson K, Zimmermann L, Piot M, Yang F, Li B, Warby J, Musiienko A, Menzel D, Lang F, Keßler S, Levine I, Mantione D, Al-Ashouri A, Härtel MS, Xu K, Cruz A, Kurpiers J, Wagner P, Köbler H, Li J, Magomedov A, Mecerreyes D, Unger E, Abate A, Stolterfoht M, Stannowski B, Schlatmann R, Korte L, Albrecht S. Interface engineering for high-performance, triple-halide perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. Science 2023; 381:63-69. [PMID: 37410849 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved stability and efficiency of two-terminal monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells will require reductions in recombination losses. By combining a triple-halide perovskite (1.68 electron volt bandgap) with a piperazinium iodide interfacial modification, we improved the band alignment, reduced nonradiative recombination losses, and enhanced charge extraction at the electron-selective contact. Solar cells showed open-circuit voltages of up to 1.28 volts in p-i-n single junctions and 2.00 volts in perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. The tandem cells achieve certified power conversion efficiencies of up to 32.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mariotti
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Köhnen
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Scheler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kári Sveinbjörnsson
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Zimmermann
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Piot
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fengjiu Yang
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bor Li
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Warby
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Menzel
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keßler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igal Levine
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYKEY Polymers, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlene S Härtel
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ke Xu
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandros Cruz
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jona Kurpiers
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Köbler
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinzhao Li
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYKEY Polymers, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eva Unger
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Stannowski
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Korte
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informatik, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Phung N, Verheijen M, Todinova A, Datta K, Verhage M, Al-Ashouri A, Köbler H, Li X, Abate A, Albrecht S, Creatore M. Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:2166-2176. [PMID: 34936322 PMCID: PMC8763377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent electronic properties. Recent advancements in device performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been achieved with the application of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), serving as stand-alone hole transport layers in the p-i-n architecture. Specifically, phosphonic acid SAMs, directly functionalizing indium-tin oxide (ITO), are presently adopted for highly efficient devices. Despite their successes, so far, little is known about the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO used in PSCs application, which can affect the device performance, as non-covered areas can result in shunting or low open-circuit voltage. In this study, we investigate the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO and observe that the SAM of MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) inhomogeneously covers the ITO substrate. Instead, when adopting an intermediate layer of NiO between ITO and the SAM, the homogeneity, and hence the surface coverage of the SAM, improve. In this work, NiO is processed by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) with Ni(MeCp)2 as the precursor and O2 plasma as the co-reactant. Specifically, the presence of ALD NiO leads to a homogeneous distribution of SAM molecules on the metal oxide area, accompanied by a high shunt resistance in the devices with respect to those with SAM directly processed on ITO. At the same time, the SAM is key to the improvement of the open-circuit voltage of NiO + MeO-2PACz devices compared to those with NiO alone. Thus, the combination of NiO and SAM results in a narrower distribution of device performance reaching a more than 20% efficient champion device. The enhancement of SAM coverage in the presence of NiO is corroborated by several characterization techniques including advanced imaging by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental composition quantification by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) mapping. We believe this finding will further promote the usage of phosphonic acid based SAM molecules in perovskite PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Phung
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Verheijen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Todinova
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kunal Datta
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Verhage
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Young
Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekulestraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Köbler
- Young
Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite
Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xin Li
- Young
Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekulestraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Young
Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite
Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für
Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Italy
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Young
Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekulestraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Marchstraße 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mariadriana Creatore
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Solliance, High Tech Campus 21, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven
Institute of Renewable Energy Systems (EIRES), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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7
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Bettucci O, Pascual J, Turren‐Cruz S, Cabrera‐Espinoza A, Matsuda W, Völker SF, Köbler H, Nierengarten I, Reginato G, Collavini S, Seki S, Nierengarten J, Abate A, Delgado JL. Front Cover: Dendritic‐Like Molecules Built on a Pillar[5]arene Core as Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells (Chem. Eur. J. 31/2021). Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Bettucci
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Siena Via A. Moro 2 53100 Siena Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53 Naples 80125 Italy
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Andrea Cabrera‐Espinoza
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián Spain
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Sebastian F. Völker
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián Spain
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Gianna Reginato
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián Spain
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering University of Naples Federico II Piazzale Tecchio 80 80125 Fuorigrotta Naples Italy
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Spain
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8
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Bettucci O, Pascual J, Turren-Cruz SH, Cabrera-Espinoza A, Matsuda W, Völker SF, Köbler H, Nierengarten I, Reginato G, Collavini S, Seki S, Nierengarten JF, Abate A, Delgado JL. Dendritic-Like Molecules Built on a Pillar[5]arene Core as Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:8061. [PMID: 34010511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of S. Seki (Kyoto), G. Reginato (Sesto Fiorentino), J.-F. Nierengarten (Strasbourg), A. Abate (Berlin) and J. L. Delgado (San Sebastian). The image depicts an artistic view of a dendrimer-like hole transporting material at work in a perovskite solar cell. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Bettucci
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Espinoza
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Sebastian F Völker
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Gianna Reginato
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125, Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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9
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Bettucci O, Pascual J, Turren-Cruz SH, Cabrera-Espinoza A, Matsuda W, Völker SF, Köbler H, Nierengarten I, Reginato G, Collavini S, Seki S, Nierengarten JF, Abate A, Delgado JL. Dendritic-Like Molecules Built on a Pillar[5]arene Core as Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:8110-8117. [PMID: 33872460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-branched molecules have recently demonstrated interesting behaviour as charge-transporting materials within the fields of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). For this reason, extended triarylamine dendrons have been grafted onto a pillar[5]arene core to generate dendrimer-like compounds, which have been used as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for PSCs. The performances of the solar cells containing these novel compounds have been extensively investigated. Interestingly, a positive dendritic effect has been evidenced as the hole transporting properties are improved when going from the first to the second-generation compound. The stability of the devices based on the best performing pillar[5]arene material has been also evaluated in a high-throughput ageing setup for 500 h at high temperature. When compared to reference devices prepared from spiro-OMeTAD, the behaviour is similar. An analysis of the economic advantages arising from the use of the pillar[5]arene-based material revealed however that our pillar[5]arene-based material is cheaper than the reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Bettucci
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Espinoza
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Sebastian F Völker
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Gianna Reginato
- Institute for the Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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10
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Dagar J, Fenske M, Al-Ashouri A, Schultz C, Li B, Köbler H, Munir R, Parmasivam G, Li J, Levine I, Merdasa A, Kegelmann L, Näsström H, Marquez JA, Unold T, Többens DM, Schlatmann R, Stegemann B, Abate A, Albrecht S, Unger E. Compositional and Interfacial Engineering Yield High-Performance and Stable p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-Modules. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:13022-13033. [PMID: 33721995 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Through the optimization of the perovskite precursor composition and interfaces to selective contacts, we achieved a p-i-n-type perovskite solar cell (PSC) with a 22.3% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This is a new performance record for a PSC with an absorber bandgap of 1.63 eV. We demonstrate that the high device performance originates from a synergy between (1) an improved perovskite absorber quality when introducing formamidinium chloride (FACl) as an additive in the "triple cation" Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16PbBr0.51I2.49 (Cs-MAFA) perovskite precursor ink, (2) an increased open-circuit voltage, VOC, due to reduced recombination losses when using a lithium fluoride (LiF) interfacial buffer layer, and (3) high-quality hole-selective contacts with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) on ITO electrodes. While all devices exhibit a high performance after fabrication, as determined from current-density voltage, J-V, measurements, substantial differences in device performance become apparent when considering longer-term stability data. A reduced long-term stability of devices with the introduction of a LiF interlayer is compensated for by using FACl as an additive in the metal-halide perovskite thin-film deposition. Optimized devices maintained about 80% of the initial average PCE during maximum power point (MPP) tracking for >700 h. We scaled the optimized device architecture to larger areas and achieved fully laser patterned series-interconnected mini-modules with a PCE of 19.4% for a 2.2 cm2 active area. A robust device architecture and reproducible deposition methods are fundamental for high performance and stable large-area single junction and tandem modules based on PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardan Dagar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Fenske
- HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstr. 75a, D-12459 Berlin, Germany
- PVcomB/Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Schwarzschildstr. 3, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Schultz
- HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstr. 75a, D-12459 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bor Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rahim Munir
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gopinath Parmasivam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinzhao Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igal Levine
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Kegelmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hampus Näsström
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose A Marquez
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Unold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel M Többens
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Department Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- PVcomB/Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Schwarzschildstr. 3, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Stegemann
- HTW Berlin, University of Applied Sciences, Wilhelminenhofstr. 75a, D-12459 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty IV-Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Unger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HySPRINT Innovation Lab, Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling Kekuléstrasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry & NanoLund, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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11
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Kot M, Kegelmann L, Köbler H, Vorokhta M, Escudero C, Kúš P, Šmíd B, Tallarida M, Albrecht S, Abate A, Matolínová I, Schmeißer D, Flege JI. In situ Near-Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Influence of Photon Flux and Water on the Stability of Halide Perovskite. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5722-5730. [PMID: 32881341 PMCID: PMC7693099 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For several years, scientists have been trying to understand the mechanisms that reduce the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. In this work, we examined the effect of water and photon flux on the stability of CH3 NH3 PbI3 perovskite films and solar cells using in situ near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and current density-voltage (J-V) characterization. The used amount of water vapor (up to 1 mbar) had a negligible impact on the perovskite film. The higher the photon flux, the more prominent were the changes in the NAP-XPS and FESEM data; also, a faster decline in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and a more substantial hysteresis in the J-V characteristics were observed. Based on our results, it can be concluded that the PCE decrease originates from the creation of Frenkel pair defects in the perovskite film under illumination. The stronger the illumination, the higher the number of Frenkel defects, leading to a faster PCE decline and more substantial hysteresis in the J-V sweeps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kot
- Applied Physics and SensorsBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergKonrad-Wachsmann-Allee 1703046CottbusGermany
- Applied Physics and Semiconductor SpectroscopyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergKonrad-Zuse-Strasse 103046CottbusGermany
| | - L. Kegelmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHKekuléstrasse 512489BerlinGermany
| | - H. Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHKekuléstrasse 512489BerlinGermany
| | - M. Vorokhta
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsDepartment of Surface and Plasma ScienceV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - C. Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron Carrer de la Llum 2–2608290Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - P. Kúš
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsDepartment of Surface and Plasma ScienceV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - B. Šmíd
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsDepartment of Surface and Plasma ScienceV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - M. Tallarida
- ALBA Synchrotron Carrer de la Llum 2–2608290Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - S. Albrecht
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHKekuléstrasse 512489BerlinGermany
| | - A. Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHKekuléstrasse 512489BerlinGermany
| | - I. Matolínová
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsDepartment of Surface and Plasma ScienceV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8Czech Republic
| | - D. Schmeißer
- Applied Physics and SensorsBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergKonrad-Wachsmann-Allee 1703046CottbusGermany
| | - J. I. Flege
- Applied Physics and Semiconductor SpectroscopyBrandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergKonrad-Zuse-Strasse 103046CottbusGermany
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12
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Phung N, Félix R, Meggiolaro D, Al-Ashouri A, Sousa E Silva G, Hartmann C, Hidalgo J, Köbler H, Mosconi E, Lai B, Gunder R, Li M, Wang KL, Wang ZK, Nie K, Handick E, Wilks RG, Marquez JA, Rech B, Unold T, Correa-Baena JP, Albrecht S, De Angelis F, Bär M, Abate A. The Doping Mechanism of Halide Perovskite Unveiled by Alkaline Earth Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2364-2374. [PMID: 31917562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a strong candidate for the next generation of photovoltaics. Chemical doping of halide perovskites is an established strategy to prepare the highest efficiency and most stable perovskite-based solar cells. In this study, we unveil the doping mechanism of halide perovskites using a series of alkaline earth metals. We find that low doping levels enable the incorporation of the dopant within the perovskite lattice, whereas high doping concentrations induce surface segregation. The threshold from low to high doping regime correlates to the size of the doping element. We show that the low doping regime results in a more n-type material, while the high doping regime induces a less n-type doping character. Our work provides a comprehensive picture of the unique doping mechanism of halide perovskites, which differs from classical semiconductors. We proved the effectiveness of the low doping regime for the first time, demonstrating highly efficient methylammonium lead iodide based solar cells in both n-i-p and p-i-n architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Phung
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Roberto Félix
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) , CNR-ISTM , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy.,D3-CompuNet , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gabrielle Sousa E Silva
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Claudia Hartmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Juanita Hidalgo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , North Avenue NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) , CNR-ISTM , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy.,D3-CompuNet , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Lab , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Rene Gunder
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany.,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China.,Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Kai-Li Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Kaiqi Nie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany.,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Evelyn Handick
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Regan G Wilks
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jose A Marquez
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bernd Rech
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Technical University Berlin , Marchstraße 23 , 10587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thomas Unold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , North Avenue NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Technical University Berlin , Marchstraße 23 , 10587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) , CNR-ISTM , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy.,D3-CompuNet , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology , University of Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Marcus Bär
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerland Str. 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 , 14109 Berlin , Germany.,Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering , University of Naples Federico II , Piazzale Tecchio 80 , 80125 Fuorigrotta , Italy
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Hauck M, Köbler H. [Determination of cyclamate in complex matrix using HPLC after column derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan]. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 1990; 191:322-4. [PMID: 2293522 DOI: 10.1007/bf01202436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A method for the analysis of cyclamate in complex foodstuffs has been developed. This method is applicable in strongly coloured and protein-rich foodstuffs. The quantitative determination depends on oxidation of cyclamate to cyclohexylamine and derivatisation with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofuran (NBD-F). The derivatives are analysed by HPLC on a C18: reversed-phase column, their minimal stability being 12 h. There are two possible methods of detection: (a) absorbance at 485 nm and (b) fluorescence with excitation at 485 nm and emission at 530 nm. The detection limit of cyclamate is 5 mg/kg foodstuff, with fluorescence detection 0.4 mg/kg. The recoveries are in the range of 88% to 104%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hauck
- Chemische Landesuntersuchungsanstalt Stuttgart, Bundesepublik Deutschland
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14
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Köbler H, Schipke A. [Refractures of shaft fractures]. Monatsschr Unfallheilkd Versicher Versorg Verkehrsmed 1972; 75:302-11. [PMID: 4263067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Köbler H. [Rapid immunization against tetanus]. Munch Med Wochenschr 1972; 114:511-2. [PMID: 5067832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Köbler H. 268. Der Einfluß von Osteosynthesenmaterial auf Struktur und Belastbarkeit der Bruchzone. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01770700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Köbler H, Wiechell W. [Course of trajectories in compression plate osteosynthesis and its biomechanic effects]. Chirurg 1971; 42:80-5. [PMID: 5544982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Staib I, Köbler H. [Quantitative considerations on the problems of preventive surgery]. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1967; 318:1-13. [PMID: 6082926 DOI: 10.1007/bf01439530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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