1
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Seid BA, Sarisozen S, Peña-Camargo F, Ozen S, Gutierrez-Partida E, Solano E, Steele JA, Stolterfoht M, Neher D, Lang F. Understanding and Mitigating Atomic Oxygen-Induced Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells for Near-Earth Space Applications. Small 2024:e2311097. [PMID: 38412429 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Combining high efficiency with good radiation tolerance, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising candidates to upend expanding space photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Successful employment in a Near-Earth space environment, however, requires high resistance against atomic oxygen (AtOx). This work unravels AtOx-induced degradation mechanisms of PSCs with and without phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) based 2D-passivation and investigates the applicability of ultrathin silicon oxide (SiO) encapsulation as AtOx barrier. AtOx exposure for 2 h degraded the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices without barrier encapsulation by 40% and 43% (w/o and with 2D-PEAI-passivation) of their initial PCE. In contrast, devices with a SiO-barrier retained over 97% of initial PCE. To understand why 2D-PEAI passivated devices degrade faster than less efficient non-passivated devices, various opto-electrical and structural characterications are conducted. Together, these allowed to decouple different damage mechanisms. Notably, pseudo-J-V curves reveal unchanged high implied fill factors (pFF) of 86.4% and 86.2% in non-passivated and passivated devices, suggesting that degradation of the perovskite absorber itself is not dominating. Instead, inefficient charge extraction and mobile ions, due to a swiftly degrading PEAI interlayer are the primary causes of AtOx-induced device performance degradation in passivated devices, whereas a large ionic FF loss limits non-passivated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Alebachew Seid
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sema Sarisozen
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sercan Ozen
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08290, Spain
| | - Julian A Steele
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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2
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Iqbal Z, Félix R, Musiienko A, Thiesbrummel J, Köbler H, Gutierrez-Partida E, Gries TW, Hüsam E, Saleh A, Wilks RG, Zhang J, Stolterfoht M, Neher D, Albrecht S, Bär M, Abate A, Wang Q. Unveiling the Potential of Ambient Air Annealing for Highly Efficient Inorganic CsPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4642-4651. [PMID: 38335142 PMCID: PMC10885157 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a detailed surface analysis of dry- and ambient air-annealed CsPbI3 films and their subsequent modified interfaces in perovskite solar cells. We revealed that annealing in ambient air does not adversely affect the optoelectronic properties of the semiconducting film; instead, ambient air-annealed samples undergo a surface modification, causing an enhancement of band bending, as determined by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. We observe interface charge carrier dynamics changes, improving the charge carrier extraction in CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Optical spectroscopic measurements show that trap state density is decreased due to ambient air annealing. As a result, air-annealed CsPbI3-based n-i-p structure devices achieved a 19.8% power conversion efficiency with a 1.23 V open circuit voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Félix
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jarla Thiesbrummel
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thomas W Gries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elif Hüsam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Saleh
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regan G Wilks
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Electronic Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR China
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bär
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerland Street 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Albert-Einstein-Street 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Energy Materials In-situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Qiong Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Iqbal Z, Zu F, Musiienko A, Gutierrez-Partida E, Köbler H, Gries TW, Sannino GV, Canil L, Koch N, Stolterfoht M, Neher D, Pavone M, Muñoz-García AB, Abate A, Wang Q. Interface Modification for Energy Level Alignment and Charge Extraction in CsPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Energy Lett 2023; 8:4304-4314. [PMID: 37854052 PMCID: PMC10580311 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs) energy level alignment and charge extraction at the interfaces are the essential factors directly affecting the device performance. In this work, we present a modified interface between all-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite and its hole-selective contact (spiro-OMeTAD), realized by the dipole molecule trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), to align the energy levels. On a passivated perovskite film, with n-octylammonium iodide (OAI), we created an upward surface band-bending at the interface by TOPO treatment. This improved interface by the dipole molecule induces a better energy level alignment and enhances the charge extraction of holes from the perovskite layer to the hole transport material. Consequently, a Voc of 1.2 V and a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 19% were achieved for inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Further, to demonstrate the effect of the TOPO dipole molecule, we present a layer-by-layer charge extraction study by a transient surface photovoltage (trSPV) technique accomplished by a charge transport simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengshuo Zu
- Institut
für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Musiienko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hans Köbler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Gries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gennaro V. Sannino
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Canil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Koch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Electronic
Engineering Department, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong 999077, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute
for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Comp. Univ.
Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Belen Muñoz-García
- Department
of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Comp. Univ. Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department
of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Qiong Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH. Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Diekmann J, Peña-Camargo F, Tokmoldin N, Thiesbrummel J, Warby J, Gutierrez-Partida E, Shah S, Neher D, Stolterfoht M. Determination of Mobile Ion Densities in Halide Perovskites via Low-Frequency Capacitance and Charge Extraction Techniques. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4200-4210. [PMID: 37115820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobile ions in perovskite photovoltaic devices can hinder performance and cause degradation by impeding charge extraction and screening the internal field. Accurately quantifying mobile ion densities remains a challenge and is a highly debated topic. We assess the suitability of several experimental methodologies for determining mobile ion densities by using drift-diffusion simulations. We found that charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) underestimates ion density, but bias-assisted charge extraction (BACE) can accurately reproduce ionic lower than the electrode charge. A modified Mott-Schottky (MS) analysis at low frequencies can provide ion density values for high excess ionic densities, typical for perovskites. The most significant contribution to capacitance originates from the ionic depletion layer rather than the accumulation layer. Using low-frequency MS analysis, we also demonstrate light-induced generation of mobile ions. These methods enable accurate tracking of ionic densities during device aging and a deeper understanding of ionic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Diekmann
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nurlan Tokmoldin
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jarla Thiesbrummel
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Warby
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Sahil Shah
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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5
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Ye F, Zhang S, Warby J, Wu J, Gutierrez-Partida E, Lang F, Shah S, Saglamkaya E, Sun B, Zu F, Shoaee S, Wang H, Stiller B, Neher D, Zhu WH, Stolterfoht M, Wu Y. Overcoming C 60-induced interfacial recombination in inverted perovskite solar cells by electron-transporting carborane. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7454. [PMID: 36460635 PMCID: PMC9718752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverted perovskite solar cells still suffer from significant non-radiative recombination losses at the perovskite surface and across the perovskite/C60 interface, limiting the future development of perovskite-based single- and multi-junction photovoltaics. Therefore, more effective inter- or transport layers are urgently required. To tackle these recombination losses, we introduce ortho-carborane as an interlayer material that has a spherical molecular structure and a three-dimensional aromaticity. Based on a variety of experimental techniques, we show that ortho-carborane decorated with phenylamino groups effectively passivates the perovskite surface and essentially eliminates the non-radiative recombination loss across the perovskite/C60 interface with high thermal stability. We further demonstrate the potential of carborane as an electron transport material, facilitating electron extraction while blocking holes from the interface. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cells deliver a power conversion efficiency of over 23% with a low non-radiative voltage loss of 110 mV, and retain >97% of the initial efficiency after 400 h of maximum power point tracking. Overall, the designed carborane based interlayer simultaneously enables passivation, electron-transport and hole-blocking and paves the way toward more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Ye
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China ,grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shuo Zhang
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Jonathan Warby
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jiawei Wu
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sahil Shah
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Elifnaz Saglamkaya
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bowen Sun
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Fengshuo Zu
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Institut fur Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Brook-Taylor Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Safa Shoaee
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Haifeng Wang
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Burkhard Stiller
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
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6
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Zeiske S, Sandberg OJ, Zarrabi N, Wolff CM, Raoufi M, Peña-Camargo F, Gutierrez-Partida E, Meredith P, Stolterfoht M, Armin A. Static Disorder in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7280-7285. [PMID: 35916775 PMCID: PMC9376950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In crystalline and amorphous semiconductors, the temperature-dependent Urbach energy can be determined from the inverse slope of the logarithm of the absorption spectrum and reflects the static and dynamic energetic disorder. Using recent advances in the sensitivity of photocurrent spectroscopy methods, we elucidate the temperature-dependent Urbach energy in lead halide perovskites containing different numbers of cation components. We find Urbach energies at room temperature to be 13.0 ± 1.0, 13.2 ± 1.0, and 13.5 ± 1.0 meV for single, double, and triple cation perovskite. Static, temperature-independent contributions to the Urbach energy are found to be as low as 5.1 ± 0.5, 4.7 ± 0.3, and 3.3 ± 0.9 meV for the same systems. Our results suggest that, at a low temperature, the dominant static disorder in perovskites is derived from zero-point phonon energy rather than structural disorder. This is unusual for solution-processed semiconductors but broadens the potential application of perovskites further to quantum electronics and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zeiske
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J. Sandberg
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Nasim Zarrabi
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M. Wolff
- EPFL
STI IEM PV-LAB, Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2002 Neuchâtel 2, Switzerland
| | - Meysam Raoufi
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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7
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Stolterfoht M, Grischek M, Caprioglio P, Wolff CM, Gutierrez-Partida E, Peña-Camargo F, Rothhardt D, Zhang S, Raoufi M, Wolansky J, Abdi-Jalebi M, Stranks SD, Albrecht S, Kirchartz T, Neher D. How To Quantify the Efficiency Potential of Neat Perovskite Films: Perovskite Semiconductors with an Implied Efficiency Exceeding 28. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000080. [PMID: 32163652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells have demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCE) that are close to those of monocrystalline silicon cells; however, in contrast to silicon PV, perovskites are not limited by Auger recombination under 1-sun illumination. Nevertheless, compared to GaAs and monocrystalline silicon PV, perovskite cells have significantly lower fill factors due to a combination of resistive and non-radiative recombination losses. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the underlying loss mechanisms and in particular the ideality factor of the cell. By measuring the intensity dependence of the external open-circuit voltage and the internal quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS), the transport resistance-free efficiency of the complete cell as well as the efficiency potential of any neat perovskite film with or without attached transport layers are quantified. Moreover, intensity-dependent QFLS measurements on different perovskite compositions allows for disentangling of the impact of the interfaces and the perovskite surface on the non-radiative fill factor and open-circuit voltage loss. It is found that potassium-passivated triple cation perovskite films stand out by their exceptionally high implied PCEs > 28%, which could be achieved with ideal transport layers. Finally, strategies are presented to reduce both the ideality factor and transport losses to push the efficiency to the thermodynamic limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Max Grischek
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Pietro Caprioglio
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Christian M Wolff
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Daniel Rothhardt
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Meysam Raoufi
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Jakob Wolansky
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin, 12489, Germany
- Faculty IV - Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, 10587, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, Duisburg, 47057, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
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