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Tockhorn P, Sutter J, Cruz A, Wagner P, Jäger K, Yoo D, Lang F, Grischek M, Li B, Li J, Shargaieva O, Unger E, Al-Ashouri A, Köhnen E, Stolterfoht M, Neher D, Schlatmann R, Rech B, Stannowski B, Albrecht S, Becker C. Nano-optical designs for high-efficiency monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:1214-1221. [PMID: 36280763 PMCID: PMC9646483 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells offer the possibility of overcoming the power conversion efficiency limit of conventional silicon solar cells. Various textured tandem devices have been presented aiming at improved optical performance, but optimizing film growth on surface-textured wafers remains challenging. Here we present perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells with periodic nanotextures that offer various advantages without compromising the material quality of solution-processed perovskite layers. We show a reduction in reflection losses in comparison to planar tandems, with the new devices being less sensitive to deviations from optimum layer thicknesses. The nanotextures also enable a greatly increased fabrication yield from 50% to 95%. Moreover, the open-circuit voltage is improved by 15 mV due to the enhanced optoelectronic properties of the perovskite top cell. Our optically advanced rear reflector with a dielectric buffer layer results in reduced parasitic absorption at near-infrared wavelengths. As a result, we demonstrate a certified power conversion efficiency of 29.80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Tockhorn
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Sutter
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandros Cruz
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jäger
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Computational Nanooptics Group, Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danbi Yoo
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- Soft Matter Physics, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Max Grischek
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Soft Matter Physics, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bor Li
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinzhao Li
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Shargaieva
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Unger
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Köhnen
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Neher
- Soft Matter Physics, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty 1: School of Engineering - Energy and Information, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Rech
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Stannowski
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christiane Becker
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
- Faculty 1: School of Engineering - Energy and Information, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Al-Ashouri A, Köhnen E, Li B, Magomedov A, Hempel H, Caprioglio P, Márquez JA, Morales Vilches AB, Kasparavicius E, Smith JA, Phung N, Menzel D, Grischek M, Kegelmann L, Skroblin D, Gollwitzer C, Malinauskas T, Jošt M, Matič G, Rech B, Schlatmann R, Topič M, Korte L, Abate A, Stannowski B, Neher D, Stolterfoht M, Unold T, Getautis V, Albrecht S. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with >29% efficiency by enhanced hole extraction. Science 2020; 370:1300-1309. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amran Al-Ashouri
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Köhnen
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bor Li
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artiom Magomedov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Hannes Hempel
- Department of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pietro Caprioglio
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - José A. Márquez
- Department of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ernestas Kasparavicius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Joel A. Smith
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Nga Phung
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Menzel
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Grischek
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lukas Kegelmann
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Skroblin
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Marko Jošt
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gašper Matič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bernd Rech
- Scientific Management, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rutger Schlatmann
- PVcomB, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- HTW Berlin–University of Applied Sciences, 12459 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Topič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lars Korte
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Young Investigator Group Active Materials and Interfaces for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Stannowski
- PVcomB, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Unold
- Department of Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Stolterfoht M, Grischek M, Caprioglio P, Wolff CM, Gutierrez-Partida E, Peña-Camargo F, Rothhardt D, Zhang S, Raoufi M, Wolansky J, Abdi-Jalebi M, Stranks SD, Albrecht S, Kirchartz T, Neher D. How To Quantify the Efficiency Potential of Neat Perovskite Films: Perovskite Semiconductors with an Implied Efficiency Exceeding 28. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e2000080. [PMID: 32163652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells have demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCE) that are close to those of monocrystalline silicon cells; however, in contrast to silicon PV, perovskites are not limited by Auger recombination under 1-sun illumination. Nevertheless, compared to GaAs and monocrystalline silicon PV, perovskite cells have significantly lower fill factors due to a combination of resistive and non-radiative recombination losses. This necessitates a deeper understanding of the underlying loss mechanisms and in particular the ideality factor of the cell. By measuring the intensity dependence of the external open-circuit voltage and the internal quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS), the transport resistance-free efficiency of the complete cell as well as the efficiency potential of any neat perovskite film with or without attached transport layers are quantified. Moreover, intensity-dependent QFLS measurements on different perovskite compositions allows for disentangling of the impact of the interfaces and the perovskite surface on the non-radiative fill factor and open-circuit voltage loss. It is found that potassium-passivated triple cation perovskite films stand out by their exceptionally high implied PCEs > 28%, which could be achieved with ideal transport layers. Finally, strategies are presented to reduce both the ideality factor and transport losses to push the efficiency to the thermodynamic limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Max Grischek
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Pietro Caprioglio
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Christian M Wolff
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Daniel Rothhardt
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Meysam Raoufi
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Jakob Wolansky
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin, 12489, Germany
- Faculty IV - Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, 10587, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, Duisburg, 47057, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany
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