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Sezer S, Bukusoglu E. Nanoparticle-Assisted Liquid Crystal Droplet Sensors Enable Analysis of Low-Concentration Species in Aqueous Medium. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38296829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We introduce nanoparticle-assisted liquid crystal (LC) droplet-based sensors that allow determination of low-level concentrations of aqueous soluble species. The silica nanoparticles functionalized with mixed monolayers composed of two distinct groups, hydrophobic alkane tail- and charged group-terminated silanes, facilitated ternary physical interactions between the model analytes (methylene blue (MB) or methyl orange (MO)) and the nematic mesogens 5CB (4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl), and the interfacial species of the nanoparticle. The response of the LC droplets was measured upon nanoparticle adsorption as a function of analyte concentration, which was characterized by the optical determination of the configuration distributions of the LC droplets. We highlight the importance of the charging and the composition of the nanoparticle interfaces for analytical purposes that allow accurate determination of the concentration of the analytes on the order of 0.01 ppb. Such a low concentration corresponds to a low interfacial coverage of nanoparticles, indicating the promisingly high sensitivity of the sensor platform to target analytes. Distinct from the past examples of the LC-based sensors, the nanoparticle-assisted LC sensors allow detection of the species that do not directly cause an ordering transition at the LC-water interfaces, which allow a broader range of analytical targets. The sensor platform that we report herein can be easily tunable for a range of target molecules and will find use in the determination of a wide range of micropollutants in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Sezer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupinar Bulvari No. 1, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Akcadag Vocational School, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Dogu Mahallesi No: 42/1, Akcadag, Malatya 44600, Turkey
| | - Emre Bukusoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupinar Bulvari No. 1, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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2
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Mishra K, Singh B. Influence of bipyridine isomers and some structurally related compounds on nematic liquid crystal orientation at the aqueous interface. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Kurt E, Bukusoglu E. Liquid crystal microcapillary-based sensors for affordable analytical applications. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4009-4016. [PMID: 35551319 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00131d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive properties of liquid crystals (LCs), when combined with their optical properties, offer sensitive and rapid sensing applications. Here, we propose and demonstrate a microcapillary-based method to be applied for the online detection of amphiphilic species, which can be further used for tracking biological and chemical species in aqueous media. Specifically, we used compartments (300-1400 μm) of nematic 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) that were positioned into cylindrical glass microcapillaries that promote homeotropic anchoring. The flat surfaces of the cylindrical LC compartments were in contact with an aqueous media. We characterized the equilibrium and nonequilibrium response of LCs upon a change in their anchoring at the aqueous interfaces. Upon anchoring transition, we observed the formation of a positively charged defect at the proximity of the interface that moved to the center of the LC compartment and reached equilibrium, a four-petal configuration. This transition was observed to take an average of 41 ± 19 min., which we related to the motion of the defect due to the imbalance of the elastic forces. During the transition, we observed metastable states which could be removed via thermal treatment. We showed the capillary sensors to be useful considering their ease of additional quantification. We also show that the sensors are reversible that facilitate temporal and cumulative quantification. The findings reported in this study can further be used to develop sensors for specific purposes that require continuous tracking of the chemical and biological species that is critical for the health and safety of the individuals and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kurt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupınar Bulvarı No: 1, Çankaya, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | - Emre Bukusoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupınar Bulvarı No: 1, Çankaya, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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Rajesh R, Gangwar LK, Mishra SK, Choudhary A, Biradar AM, Sumana G. Technological Advancements in Bio‐recognition using Liquid Crystals: Techniques, Applications, and Performance. LUMINESCENCE 2022. [PMID: 35347826 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The application of liquid crystal (LC) materials has undergone a modern-day renaissance from its classical use in electronics industry as display devices to new-fangled techniques for optically detecting biological and chemical analytes. This review article deals with the emergence of LC materials as invaluable material for their use as label-free sensing elements in the development of optical, electro-optical and electrochemical biosensors. The property of LC molecules to change their orientation on perturbation by any external stimuli or on interaction with bioanalytes or chemical species has been utilized by many researches for the fabrication of high sensitive LC-biosensors. In this review article we categorized LC-biosensor based on biomolecular reaction mechanism viz. enzymatic, nucleotides and immunoreaction in conjunction with operating principle at different LC interface namely LC-solid, LC-aqueous and LC-droplets. Based on bimolecular reaction mechanism, the application of LC has been delineated with recent progress made in designing of LC-interface for the detection of bio and chemical analytes of proteins, virus, bacteria, clinically relevant compounds, heavy metal ions and environmental pollutants. The review briefly describes the experimental set-ups, sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection and linear range of various viable and conspicuous LC-based biosensor platforms with associated advantages and disadvantages therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Rajesh
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | - Lokesh K. Gangwar
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | | | - Amit Choudhary
- Physics Department Deshbandhu College (University of Delhi) Kalkaji New Delhi India
| | - Ashok M. Biradar
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
| | - Gajjala Sumana
- CSIR‐National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Gaziabad India
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Şengül S, Aydoğan N, Bukusoglu E. Nanoparticle adsorption induced configurations of nematic liquid crystal droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:2310-2320. [PMID: 34774320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nematic liquid crystal (LC) droplets have been widely used for the detection of molecular species. We investigate the response of micrometer sized nematic LC droplets against the adsorption of nanoparticles from aqueous media. We synthesized ∼ 100 nm-in-diameter silica nanoparticles and modified their surfaces to mediate either planar or homeotropic LC anchoring and a pH-dependent charge. We show surface functionality- and concentration-dependent configurations of the droplets consistent with the change in the surface anchoring and the formation of local heterogeneities upon adsorption of the nanoparticles to LC-aqueous interfaces. The adsorption of nanoparticles modified with dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (DMOAP, homeotropic) exhibit a transition from bipolar to radial, whereas the adsorption of -COOH-terminated counterparts (planar) did not cause a configuration transition. By manipulating the electrostatic interactions, we controlled the adsorption of the nanoparticles to the LC-aqueous interfaces, providing access to the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. We demonstrate a temporal change in the droplet configurations caused by the adsorption of the nanoparticles functionalized with -COOH/DMOAP mixed monolayers. These results provide a basis for studies in applications for the detection of nano-sized species, for sensing applications that combine nanoparticles with LCs, and for the synthesis of anisotropic composite particles with complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Şengül
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupınar Bulvarı No:1, Çankaya 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihal Aydoğan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Bukusoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupınar Bulvarı No:1, Çankaya 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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6
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Park SM, Park G, Cha YJ, Yoon DK. Generation of 2D DNA Microstructures via Topographic Control and Shearing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002449. [PMID: 32686286 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2D DNA microstructures are fabricated by applying the shear force to the DNA solution on the microchannels. The "U"-like textures of DNA are clearly observed when the mechanical shearing is applied on the aqueous DNA sample under the topographic confinement, in which the shearing direction is perpendicular to the grooves. The optical textures of U-like microstructures are directly observed by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and laser scanning fluorescent confocal polarizing microscopy (FCPM). The DNA microstructures can be modified by varying the width, showing the multiple U-patterns along with channel direction due to the synergistic interaction between the elastic behavior of DNA chains and topographic boundary condition. The resultant microstructures can be used to align rod-like liquid crystals (LCs) to generate alternatively oriented nematic phase and tilted focal conic domains (FCDs) in the smectic A phase. It is believed that this approach can suggest a hint to use to DNA materials for organizing multiscale hierarchical structures of soft- and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonhyeong Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Cha
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and KINC, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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7
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Cha YJ, Park SM, You R, Kim H, Yoon DK. Microstructure arrays of DNA using topographic control. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2512. [PMID: 31175307 PMCID: PMC6555807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is a common biomaterial in nature as well as a good building block for producing useful structures, due to its fine feature size and liquid crystalline phase. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of shear-induced flow and microposts can be used to create various kinds of interesting microstructure DNA arrays. Our facile method provides a platform for forming multi-scale hierarchical orientations of soft- and biomaterials, using a process of simple shearing and controlled evaporation on a patterned substrate. This approach enables potential patterning applications using DNA or other anisotropic biomaterials based on their unique structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Cha
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra You
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Choudhary A, George TF, Li G. Conjugation of Nanomaterials and Nematic Liquid Crystals for Futuristic Applications and Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E69. [PMID: 30011909 PMCID: PMC6165262 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The established role of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) in the recent rapid development of displays has motivated researchers to modulate the electro-optical properties of LCs. Furthermore, adding nanomaterials into NLCs has led to enhancements of the properties of NLCs, like reduced threshold of the operating voltage, variation in pretilt angle, reduced switching time, etc. These enhanced properties, due to interfacial dynamics, are enabling wider applications of NLCs and nanomaterials. The recent literature of nanomaterial-doped NLCs is rich with various kinds of nanomaterials in a variety of NLCs. The light has been focused on the most widely used and studied gold nanoparticles in NLCs. The intrinsic inherent property of easy excitation of surface plasmons polaritons (SPP) is the mediating interaction of NLC electric dipoles and the polarization of charges in the GNP surface. The concepts and methods for the application of metal nanomaterials as dopants in NLCs are discussed for future applications, especially biosensors. The biosensing application of NLCs alone has already been proven in the literature. However, it is always desirable to further enhance the detection efficiency and selectivity, which have been achieved by the conjugation of GNPs and nickel nanoparticles with NLCs and their compatibility with biological materials. This aspect of future application of nanoparticles and NLC makes the point more selective to be included in the present manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Choudhary
- Department of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India.
| | - Thomas F George
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri⁻St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Visual and Biomedical Optics Lab, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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9
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Li Z, Ashraf KM, Collinson MM, Higgins DA. Single Molecule Catch and Release: Potential-Dependent Plasmid DNA Adsorption along Chemically Graded Electrode Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8651-8662. [PMID: 28383916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule detection methods were employed to study the potential dependent adsorption and desorption of dye labeled plasmid DNA along chemical gradients prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Gradients were formed over silica-base-layer-coated ITO surfaces by exposing them in a directional fashion to aminopropyltrimethoxysilane from the vapor phase. Sessile drop water contact angle measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to verify that a gradient was formed and to characterize its wettability, thickness, and composition as a function of position. The gradient-coated ITO electrode served as both the working electrode and a window into the electrochemical cell used to manipulate DNA adsorption. For single molecule studies, the electrochemical cell was filled with buffer solution containing YOYO-1-labeled plasmid DNA. Fluorescence videos acquired along the gradients depicted clear position-, potential-, and pH-dependent variations in DNA adsorption and desorption. The results demonstrate that DNA adsorption was largely independent of applied potential and irreversible at high amine coverage (i.e., multilayers), under pH ∼ 6 buffer. DNA adsorption became more reversible as the amine coverage decreased and the solution pH increased. Potential dependent control over DNA adsorption and desorption was best achieved at monolayer-to-submonolayer aminosilane coverage under pH ∼ 8 buffer. The knowledge gained in these studies will aid in the development of electrochemical methods for the capture and release of DNA and other polyelectrolytes at electrode surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Kayesh M Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Maryanne M Collinson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Daniel A Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
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10
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Cha YJ, Yoon DK. Control of Periodic Zigzag Structures of DNA by a Simple Shearing Method. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604247. [PMID: 27862385 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A periodic zigzag structure of DNA material is successfully fabricated by a simple shearing method. The periodicity of the pattern can be finely controlled by combining the mechanical shearing method with topographic patterns of microchannels. The resultant zigzag patterns can be used as a template to control the alignment of rod-like liquid crystals due to its highly regular periodicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Cha
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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11
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Hussain Z, Qazi F, Ahmed MI, Usman A, Riaz A, Abbasi AD. Liquid crystals based sensing platform-technological aspects. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:110-127. [PMID: 27162142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In bulk phase, liquid crystalline molecules are organized due to non-covalent interactions and due to delicate nature of the present forces; this organization can easily be disrupted by any small external stimuli. This delicate nature of force balance in liquid crystals organization forms the basis of Liquid-crystals based sensing scheme which has been exploited by many researchers for the optical visualization and sensing of many biological interactions as well as detection of number of analytes. In this review, we present not only an overview of the state of the art in liquid crystals based sensing scheme but also highlight its limitations. The approaches described below revolve around possibilities and limitations of key components of such sensing platform including bottom substrates, alignments layers, nature and type of liquid crystals, sensing compartments, various interfaces etc. This review also highlights potential materials to not only improve performance of the sensing scheme but also to bridge the gap between science and technology of liquid crystals based sensing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hussain
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farah Qazi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adil Usman
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Riaz
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Didar Abbasi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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12
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Bukusoglu E, Bedolla Pantoja M, Mushenheim PC, Wang X, Abbott NL. Design of Responsive and Active (Soft) Materials Using Liquid Crystals. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2016; 7:163-96. [PMID: 26979412 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061114-123323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are widely known for their use in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Indeed, LCDs represent one of the most successful technologies developed to date using a responsive soft material: An electric field is used to induce a change in ordering of the LC and thus a change in optical appearance. Over the past decade, however, research has revealed the fundamental underpinnings of potentially far broader and more pervasive uses of LCs for the design of responsive soft material systems. These systems involve a delicate interplay of the effects of surface-induced ordering, elastic strain of LCs, and formation of topological defects and are characterized by a chemical complexity and diversity of nano- and micrometer-scale geometry that goes well beyond that previously investigated. As a reflection of this evolution, the community investigating LC-based materials now relies heavily on concepts from colloid and interface science. In this context, this review describes recent advances in colloidal and interfacial phenomena involving LCs that are enabling the design of new classes of soft matter that respond to stimuli as broad as light, airborne pollutants, bacterial toxins in water, mechanical interactions with living cells, molecular chirality, and more. Ongoing efforts hint also that the collective properties of LCs (e.g., LC-dispersed colloids) will, over the coming decade, yield exciting new classes of driven or active soft material systems in which organization (and useful properties) emerges during the dissipation of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bukusoglu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Marco Bedolla Pantoja
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Peter C Mushenheim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
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13
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Chakraborty S, Noonan PS, Monserud J, Schwartz DK. Structure-Specific Liquid Crystal Anchoring Induced by the Molecular Combing of Short Oligonucleotides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26874-26879. [PMID: 26562585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-immobilized oligonucleotides were "combed" by meniscus motion and exposed to a nematic liquid crystal (LC). Although the oligonucleotides were as short as 16 bases, they were apparently oriented by this process and, in turn, successfully biased the orientation of the adjacent LC material. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) induced LC orientation in the combing direction, while hybridized double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) rotated the azimuthal LC orientation by ∼30° from the combing direction. The sensitivity of the chiral response to mixed ssDNA/dsDNA surfaces was characterized by employing complementary DNA that was longer than the immobilized DNA, resulting in single-stranded overhangs of various lengths. A rotated LC orientation was observed even when more than 70% of the DNA was single-stranded, and the transition from the rotated to nonrotated response was apparently discontinuous as a function of ssDNA surface coverage. These phenomena represent a sensitive DNA hybridization detection strategy that can potentially comprise a multiplexed assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saonti Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Patrick S Noonan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jon Monserud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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14
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Zhao D, Peng Y, Xu L, Zhou W, Wang Q, Guo L. Liquid-Crystal Biosensor Based on Nickel-Nanosphere-Induced Homeotropic Alignment for the Amplified Detection of Thrombin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23418-22. [PMID: 26458050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A new liquid-crystal (LC)-based sensor operated by nickel nanosphere (NiNS)-induced homeotropic alignment for the label-free monitoring of thrombin was reported. When doped with NiNSs, a uniform vertical orientation of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) was easily obtained. A sandwich system of aptamer/thrombin/aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was fabricated, and AuNPs-aptamer conjugation caused the disruption of the 5CB orientation, leading to an obvious change of the optical appearance from a dark to a bright response to thrombin concentrations from 0.1 to 100 nM. This design also allowed quantitative detection of the thrombin concentration. This distinctive and sensitive thrombin LC sensor provides a new principle for building LC-sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Peng
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lihong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing 100191, China
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15
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Cha YJ, Gim MJ, Oh K, Yoon DK. In-Plane Switching Mode for Liquid Crystal Displays Using a DNA Alignment Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13627-13632. [PMID: 26066312 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We successfully fabricated the in-plane switching mode (IPS) LC display (LCD) based on a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) alignment layer. As widely known, the DNA has the right-handed double helical structure that has naturally grown grooves with a very regular period, which can be used as an alignment layer to control the orientation of liquid crystal (LC) molecules. The LC molecules on this topographical layer of DNA material align obliquely at a specific angle with respect to the direction of DNA chains, providing an instant and convenient tool for the fabrication of the IPS display compared to the conventional ways such as rubbing and mechanical shearing methods. The electro-optical performance and response time of this device were also investigated. Our result will be of great use in further exploration of the electro-optical properties of the other biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Cha
- †Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jun Gim
- †Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Oh
- ‡Photonic Device Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- †Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Mcguire A, Yi Y, Clark NA. Orthogonal orientation of chromonic liquid crystals by rubbed polyamide films. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1376-80. [PMID: 24470318 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromonic liquid crystals (CLCs) have drawn attention for applications to organic electronics and optical films as well as biological materials. Understanding the alignment mechanism of CLCs is important for those applications. Using a polarized transmission optical microscope, we observe the optical texture, dichroism, and birefringence of CLC films of sunset yellow (SSY) confined by polyamide (nylon) films that are rubbed with a brush. The films align with the stacks of SSY molecules oriented, surprisingly, perpendicular to the rubbing direction. We propose that this alignment is stabilized by molecular interaction between the stretched nylon chains and molecular grooves of the SSY stacks rather than elastic energy of the CLCs due to surface topography induced by the rubbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mcguire
- Department of Physics, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202 (USA)
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17
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Xu H, Minter CJ, Nagasaka S, Ito T, Higgins DA. Elongation, Alignment, and Guided Electrophoretic Migration of ds-DNA in Flow-Aligned Hexagonal F127 Gels. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4151-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501175h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Christopher J. Minter
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Shinobu Nagasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
| | - Daniel A. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0401, United States
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