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Kozdrach R. Effect of Thickener Type on Change the Tribological and Rheological Characteristics of Vegetable Lubricants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3959. [PMID: 39203144 PMCID: PMC11355951 DOI: 10.3390/ma17163959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of the dispersed phase on the lubricating and rheological properties of selected lubricant compositions. A vegetable oil base (rapeseed oil) was used to prepare vegetable lubricants, which were then thickened with lithium stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, amorphous silica, and montmorillonite. Based on the results of the tribological tests of selected lubricating compositions, it was found that calcium stearate and montmorillonite have the most beneficial effect on the anti-wear properties of the tested lubricating greases, while silica thickeners (amorphous silica and montmorillonite) provide the effective anti-wear protection in compared to the lubricants produced on lithium and aluminum stearate. The lowest structural viscosity was found for grease thickened with montmorillonite. Much higher values of this parameter were observed for composition, where aluminum stearate was the dispersed phase, while the highest value of structural viscosity was observed for composition, where aerosol-amorphous silica was the thickener. The composition thickened with amorphous silica had the highest yield point value, while the composition in which montmorillonite was the dispersed phase had the lowest value. Dynamic viscosity decreases with temperature, which is characteristic of lubricants. No significant differences in dynamic viscosity were found for the lubricating compositions tested at temperatures above 50 [°C]. The most favorable rheological properties were observed for composition, which was produced using calcium stearate, as it allows the lowest dynamic viscosity at -20 [°C]. Lubricants produced with lithium stearate or aluminum stearate were characterized by higher viscosity at low temperatures. For grease, in which the lithium stearate was used as a thickener, the value of the elasticity index determines the weak viscoelastic properties of tested grease and a greater tendency to change structure under the influence of applied forces. For vegetable grease thickened with aluminum stearate, more than 15 times lower values of the MSD function were observed, and the calculated elasticity index value proves the stronger viscoelastic properties of the aluminum stearate grease in relation to grease thickened with the lithium stearate. The elasticity index value for grease thickened with amorphous silica was lower than for greases thickened with lithium and aluminum stearate, indicating its stronger viscoelastic properties in relation to these two greases. For grease composition prepared on the vegetable oil base and thickened with montmorillonite. The value of the elasticity index was lower than most of the tested grease compositions, without the composition, in which the calcium stearate was used as a thickener. Such results testify to moderately strong viscoelastic properties, which leads to the conclusion that the produced lubricant was a stable substance on changes in chemical structure under the influence of variable conditions prevailing during work in tribological joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Kozdrach
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 26-600 Radom, Poland
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2
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Drabik J, Kozdrach R, Szczerek M. Characterization of nano-silica vegetable grease with diffusing wave spectroscopy DWS and Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18989. [PMID: 37923748 PMCID: PMC10624914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) method made it possible to identify changes in the dynamics of the free movement of particles in the grease under the influence of temperature, which changed the viscoelastic properties of the grease. Changes in the parameters determined by DWS method influenced changes in the chemical structure, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, determining the integral intensity of the unsaturated to saturated bond bands found in the grease. The article presents the results of the influence of temperature on changes in the viscoelastic states of vegetable grease evaluated on the basis of properties determined by DWS (diffusing wave spectroscopy). The following parameters were used to evaluate the viscoelastic states: the intensity correlation function (ICF), the correlation function of mean square displacement (MSD), the elastic modulus G' and the viscosity modulus G″. A significant effect of temperature on changes in the microstructure of vegetable grease was observed, which was reflected in the viscoelastic parameters. The dynamics of the free movement of molecules in the grease was changed, which affected the elasticity of the system and the displacement of the G' and G″ modules towards higher frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Drabik
- Bioeconomy and Ecoinnovation Department, Lukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 26-600, Radom, Poland
| | - Rafal Kozdrach
- Bioeconomy and Ecoinnovation Department, Lukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 26-600, Radom, Poland.
| | - Marian Szczerek
- Tribology Department, Lukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 26-600, Radom, Poland
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4
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Kozdrach R, Drabik J, Szczerek M. Influence of Silicon Additives on Tribological and Rheological Test Results for Vegetable Lubricants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6245. [PMID: 37763523 PMCID: PMC10532591 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an investigation of the effects of silicone-containing additives on the tribological and rheological properties of various lubricant blends. Aerosil® and layered silicate were used to modify lubricants containing rapeseed, linseed and soy oil that were thickened with soap thickener. Tribological tests were carried out using a four-ball concentric contact tester. On the basis of the data obtained from the tribological studies of the selected lubricant blends, it was concluded that the addition of amorphous silica increased the anti-seizure and anti-wear properties of the tested lubricants. The addition of montmorillonite caused a significant increase in the values of the individual parameters determining the level of lubricating properties of the tested lubricants in comparison with the lubricants modified with the silica additive. Based on the results of the rheological tests of the studied lubricants, it was found that the applied additives caused a change in the dynamic viscosity and chemical structure of the tested lubricants, expressed by a change in the values of the G' and G″ indices. The main finding of this manuscript was to demonstrate that the use of montmorillonite and aerosil additives improves the functional properties of vegetable-based plastic lubricants. The performance of tribological and rheological tests is of great scientific importance, as it provides an insight into the interaction of siliceous additives with the results of tribological tests on vegetable-oil-based greases. These findings make it possible to determine the behaviour of the lubricant under load and add to the knowledge of vegetable greases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Kozdrach
- Department of Bioeconomy and Ecoinnovation, Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Jolanta Drabik
- Department of Bioeconomy and Ecoinnovation, Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Marian Szczerek
- Tribology Department, Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Sustainable Technologies, 26-600 Radom, Poland
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5
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Xu Y, Mason TG. Complex optical transport, dynamics, and rheology of intermediately attractive emulsions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1791. [PMID: 36720895 PMCID: PMC9889356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing short-range attractions in Brownian systems of monodisperse colloidal spheres can substantially impact their structures and consequently their optical transport and rheological properties. Here, for size-fractionated colloidal emulsions, we show that imposing an intermediate strength of attraction, well above but not much larger than thermal energy ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], through micellar depletion leads to a striking notch in the measured inverse mean free path of optical transport, [Formula: see text], as a function of droplet volume fraction, [Formula: see text]. This notch, which appears between the hard-sphere glass transition, [Formula: see text], and maximal random jamming, [Formula: see text], implies the existence of a greater population of compact dense clusters of droplets, as compared to tenuous networks of droplets in strongly attractive emulsion gels. We extend a prior decorated core-shell network model for strongly attractive colloidal systems to include dense non-percolating clusters that do not contribute to shear rigidity. By constraining this extended model using the measured [Formula: see text], we improve and expand the microrheological interpretation of diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) experiments made on attractive colloidal systems. Our measurements and modeling demonstrate richness and complexity in optical transport and shear rheological properties of dense, disordered colloidal systems having short-range intermediate attractions between moderately attractive glasses and strongly attractive gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xu
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Thomas G. Mason
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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6
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Cho JH, Bischofberger I. Two modes of cluster dynamics govern the viscoelasticity of colloidal gels. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:032609. [PMID: 33862797 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.032609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal gels formed by strongly attractive particles at low particle volume fractions are composed of space-spanning networks of uniformly sized clusters. We study the thermal fluctuations of the clusters using differential dynamic microscopy by decomposing them into two modes of dynamics, and link them to the macroscopic viscoelasticity via rheometry. The first mode, dominant at early times, represents the localized, elastic fluctuations of individual clusters. The second mode, pronounced at late times, reflects the collective, viscoelastic dynamics facilitated by the connectivity of the clusters. By mixing two types of particles of distinct attraction strengths in different proportions, we control the transition time at which the collective mode starts to dominate, and hence tune the frequency dependence of the linear viscoelastic moduli of the binary gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyung Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Irmgard Bischofberger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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7
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Xu Y, Scheffold F, Mason TG. Diffusing wave microrheology of strongly attractive dense emulsions. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:062610. [PMID: 33466019 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We advance the microrheological interpretation of optical diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) measurements of strongly attractive emulsions at dense droplet volume fractions, ϕ. Beyond accounting for collective scattering, we show that measuring the mean free path of optical transport over a wide range of ϕ is necessary to quantify the effective size of the DWS probes, which we infer to be local dense clusters of droplets through a decorated core-shell network model. This approach yields microrheological elastic shear moduli that are in quantitative agreement with mechanical rheometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Frank Scheffold
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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8
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Hess M, Gratz M, Remmer H, Webers S, Landers J, Borin D, Ludwig F, Wende H, Odenbach S, Tschöpe A, Schmidt AM. Scale-dependent particle diffusivity and apparent viscosity in polymer solutions as probed by dynamic magnetic nanorheology. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7562-7575. [PMID: 32716420 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00747d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In several upcoming rheological approaches, including methods of micro- and nanorheology, the measurement geometry is of critical impact on the interpretation of the results. The relative size of the probe objects employed (as compared to the intrinsic length scales of the sample to be investigated) becomes of crucial importance, and there is increasing interest to investigate the dynamic processes and mobility in nanostructured materials. A combination of different rheological approaches based on the rotation of magnetically blocked nanoprobes is used to systematically investigate the size-dependent diffusion behavior in aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solutions with special attention paid to the relation of probe size to characteristic length scales within the polymer solutions. We employ two types of probe particles: nickel rods of hydrodynamic length Lh between 200 nm and 650 nm, and cobalt ferrite spheres with diameter dh between 13 nm and 23 nm, and examine the influence of particle size and shape on the nanorheological information obtained in model polymer solutions based on two related, dynamic-magnetic approaches. The results confirm that as long as the investigated solutions are not entangled, and the particles are much larger than the macromolecular correlation length, a good accordance between macroscopic and nanoscopic results, whereas a strong size-dependent response is observed in cases where the particles are of similar size or smaller than the radius of gyration Rg or the correlation length ξ of the polymer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hess
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Str. 116, D-50939 Köln, Germany.
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9
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Cho JH, Cerbino R, Bischofberger I. Emergence of Multiscale Dynamics in Colloidal Gels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:088005. [PMID: 32167319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.088005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into the kinetics of colloidal gel evolution at low particle volume fractions ϕ, we utilize differential dynamic microscopy to investigate particle aggregation, geometric percolation, and the subsequent transition to nonergodic dynamics. We report the emergence of unexpectedly rich multiscale dynamics upon the onset of nonergodicity, which separates the wave vectors q into three different regimes. In the high-q domain, the gel exhibits ϕ-independent internal vibrations of fractal clusters. The intermediate-q domain is dominated by density fluctuations at the length scale of the clusters, as evidenced by the q independence of the relaxation time τ. In the low-q domain, the scaling of τ as q^{-3} suggests that the network appears homogeneous. The transitions between these three regimes introduce two characteristic length scales, distinct from the cluster size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyung Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roberto Cerbino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via. F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate (MI) I-20090, Italy
| | - Irmgard Bischofberger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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10
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Hess M, Roeben E, Rochels P, Zylla M, Webers S, Wende H, Schmidt AM. Size effects on rotational particle diffusion in complex fluids as probed by Magnetic Particle Nanorheology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26525-26539. [PMID: 31778132 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04083h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheological approaches based on micro- or nanoscopic probe objects are of interest due to the low volume requirement, the option of spatially resolved probing, and the minimal-invasive nature often connected to such probes. For the study of microstructured systems or biological environments, such methods show potential for investigating the local, size-dependent diffusivity and particle-matrix interactions. For the latter, the relative length scale of the used probes compared to the size of the structural units of the matrix becomes relevant. In this study, a rotational-dynamic approach based on Magnetic Particle Nanorheology (MPN) is used to extract size- and frequency-dependent nanorheological properties by using an otherwise well-established polymer model system. We use magnetically blocked CoFe2O4 nanoparticles as tracers and systematically vary their hydrodynamic size by coating them with a silica shell. On the polymer side, we employ aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by varying molar mass M and volume fraction φ. The complex Brownian relaxation behavior of the tracer particles in solutions of systematically varied composition is investigated by means of AC susceptometry (ACS), and the results provide access to frequency dependent rheological properties. The size-dependent particle diffusivity is evaluated based on theoretical descriptions and macroscopic measurements. The results allow the classification of the investigated compositions into three regimes, taking into account the probe particle size and the length scales of the polymer solution. While a fuzzy cross-over is indicated between the well-known macroscopic behavior and structurally dominated spectra, where the hydrodynamic radius is equal to the radius of gyration of the polymer (rh ∼ Rg), the frequency-related scaling behavior is dominated by the correlation length ξ respectively by the tube diameter a in entangled solutions for rh < Rg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hess
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Str. 116, D-50939 Köln, Germany.
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11
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Medronho B, Filipe A, Costa C, Romano A, Lindman B, Edlund H, Norgren M. Microrheology of novel cellulose stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 531:225-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Krajina BA, Tropini C, Zhu A, DiGiacomo P, Sonnenburg JL, Heilshorn SC, Spakowitz AJ. Dynamic Light Scattering Microrheology Reveals Multiscale Viscoelasticity of Polymer Gels and Precious Biological Materials. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:1294-1303. [PMID: 29296670 PMCID: PMC5746858 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of experimental techniques capable of probing the viscoelasticity of soft materials over a broad range of time scales is essential to uncovering the physics that governs their behavior. In this work, we develop a microrheology technique that requires only 12 μL of sample and is capable of resolving dynamic behavior ranging in time scales from 10-6 to 10 s. Our approach, based on dynamic light scattering in the single-scattering limit, enables the study of polymer gels and other soft materials over a vastly larger hierarchy of time scales than macrorheology measurements. Our technique captures the viscoelastic modulus of polymer hydrogels with a broad range of stiffnesses from 10 to 104 Pa. We harness these capabilities to capture hierarchical molecular relaxations in DNA and to study the rheology of precious biological materials that are impractical for macrorheology measurements, including decellularized extracellular matrices and intestinal mucus. The use of a commercially available benchtop setup that is already available to a variety of soft matter researchers renders microrheology measurements accessible to a broader range of users than existing techniques, with the potential to reveal the physics that underlies complex polymer hydrogels and biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Krajina
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Carolina Tropini
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Audrey Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Philip DiGiacomo
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Justin L. Sonnenburg
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Andrew J. Spakowitz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Biophysics
Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- E-mail:
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13
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Jatav S, Joshi YM. Phase Behavior of Aqueous Suspension of Laponite: New Insights with Microscopic Evidence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2370-2377. [PMID: 28209059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigating microstructure of suspensions with particles having anisotropic shape that share complex interactions is a challenging task leading to competing claims. This work investigates phase behavior of one such system: aqueous Laponite suspension, which is highly contested in the literature, using rheological and microscopic tools. Remarkably, we observe that over a broad range of Laponite (1.4 to 4 wt %) and salt concentrations (0 to 7 mM), the system overwhelmingly demonstrates all the rheological characteristics of the sol-gel transition leading to a percolated network. Analysis of the rheological response leads to fractal dimension that primarily depends on the Laponite concentration. We also obtain the activation energy for gelation, which is observed to decrease with increase in Laponite as well as salt concentration. Significantly, the cryo-TEM images of the postgel state clearly show the presence of a percolated network formed by interparticle bonds. The present work therefore conclusively establishes the system to be in an attractive gel state resolving a long-standing debate in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jatav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Yogesh M Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur 208016, India
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14
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Waigh TA. Advances in the microrheology of complex fluids. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:074601. [PMID: 27245584 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/074601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
New developments in the microrheology of complex fluids are considered. Firstly the requirements for a simple modern particle tracking microrheology experiment are introduced, the error analysis methods associated with it and the mathematical techniques required to calculate the linear viscoelasticity. Progress in microrheology instrumentation is then described with respect to detectors, light sources, colloidal probes, magnetic tweezers, optical tweezers, diffusing wave spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, elastic- and quasi-elastic scattering techniques, 3D tracking, single molecule methods, modern microscopy methods and microfluidics. New theoretical techniques are also reviewed such as Bayesian analysis, oversampling, inversion techniques, alternative statistical tools for tracks (angular correlations, first passage probabilities, the kurtosis, motor protein step segmentation etc), issues in micro/macro rheological agreement and two particle methodologies. Applications where microrheology has begun to make some impact are also considered including semi-flexible polymers, gels, microorganism biofilms, intracellular methods, high frequency viscoelasticity, comb polymers, active motile fluids, blood clots, colloids, granular materials, polymers, liquid crystals and foods. Two large emergent areas of microrheology, non-linear microrheology and surface microrheology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andrew Waigh
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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15
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Ismagilov IF, Kuryashov DA, Idrisov AR, Bashkirtseva NY, Zakharova LY, Zakharov SV, Alieva MR. Temperature effect on the microstructure and viscoelastic properties of aqueous micellar systems of sodium N-methyl-N-oleyl taurate. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang HH, Niu R, Guan XB, Xu DH, Shi TF. Rheological properties of waterborne polyurethane paints. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim JY, Cho K, Ryu SA, Kim SY, Weon BM. Crack formation and prevention in colloidal drops. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13166. [PMID: 26279317 PMCID: PMC4538394 DOI: 10.1038/srep13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Crack formation is a frequent result of residual stress release from colloidal films made by the evaporation of colloidal droplets containing nanoparticles. Crack prevention is a significant task in industrial applications such as painting and inkjet printing with colloidal nanoparticles. Here, we illustrate how colloidal drops evaporate and how crack generation is dependent on the particle size and initial volume fraction, through direct visualization of the individual colloids with confocal laser microscopy. To prevent crack formation, we suggest use of a versatile method to control the colloid-polymer interactions by mixing a nonadsorbing polymer with the colloidal suspension, which is known to drive gelation of the particles with short-range attraction. Gelation-driven crack prevention is a feasible and simple method to obtain crack-free, uniform coatings through drying-mediated assembly of colloidal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Kun Cho
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Seul-A Ryu
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Byung Mook Weon
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Reufer M, Machado AHE, Niederquell A, Bohnenblust K, Müller B, Völker AC, Kuentz M. Introducing diffusing wave spectroscopy as a process analytical tool for pharmaceutical emulsion manufacturing. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3902-3913. [PMID: 25302803 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions are widely used for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic applications. To guarantee that their critical quality attributes meet specifications, it is desirable to monitor the emulsion manufacturing process. However, finding of a suitable process analyzer has so far remained challenging. This article introduces diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) as an at-line technique to follow the manufacturing process of a model oil-in-water pharmaceutical emulsion containing xanthan gum. The DWS results were complemented with mechanical rheology, microscopy analysis, and stability tests. DWS is an advanced light scattering technique that assesses the microrheology and in general provides information on the dynamics and statics of dispersions. The obtained microrheology results showed good agreement with those obtained with bulk rheology. Although no notable changes in the rheological behavior of the model emulsions were observed during homogenization, the intensity correlation function provided qualitative information on the evolution of the emulsion dynamics. These data together with static measurements of the transport mean free path (l*) correlated very well with the changes in droplet size distribution occurring during the emulsion homogenization. This study shows that DWS is a promising process analytical technology tool for development and manufacturing of pharmaceutical emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Reufer
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland; LS Instruments, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra H E Machado
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | - Andreas Niederquell
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Müller
- Galderma Spirig, Spirig Pharma AG, Egerkingen CH-4622, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz CH-4132 Switzerland.
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