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Crystallization of D-A Conjugated Polymers: A Review of Recent Research. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214612. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D-A conjugated polymers are key materials for organic solar cells and organic thin-film transistors, and their film structure is one of the most important factors in determining device performance. The formation of film structure largely depends on the crystallization process, but the crystallization of D-A conjugated polymers is not well understood. In this review, we attempted to achieve a clearer understanding of the crystallization of D-A conjugated polymers. We first summarized the features of D-A conjugated polymers, which can affect their crystallization process. Then, the crystallization process of D-A conjugated polymers was discussed, including the possible chain conformations in the solution as well as the nucleation and growth processes. After that, the crystal structure of D-A conjugated polymers, including the molecular orientation and polymorphism, was reviewed. We proposed that the nucleation process and the orientation of the nuclei on the substrate are critical for the crystal structure. Finally, we summarized the possible crystal morphologies of D-A conjugated polymers and explained their formation process in terms of nucleation and growth processes. This review provides fundamental knowledge on how to manipulate the crystallization process of D-A conjugated polymers to regulate their film structure.
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Memon WA, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yan Y, Wang Y, Wei Z. Alignment of organic conjugated molecules for high-performance device applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100931. [PMID: 35338681 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High-performance organic semiconductor materials as the electroactive components of optoelectronic devices have attracted much attention and made them ideal candidates for solution-processable, large-area, and low-cost flexible electronics. Especially, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on conjugated semiconductor materials have experienced stunning progress in device performance. To make these materials economically viable, comprehensive knowledge of charge transport mechanisms is required. The alignment of organic conjugated molecules in the active layer is vital to charge transport properties of devices. The present review highlights the recent progress of processing-structure-transport correlations that allow the precise and uniform alignment of organic conjugated molecules over large areas for multiple electronic applications, including OFETs, organic thermoelectric devices (OTEs), and organic phototransistors (OPTs). Different strategies for regulating crystallinity and macroscopic orientation of conjugated molecules are introduced to correlate the molecular packing, the device performance and charge transport anisotropy in multiple organic electronic devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali Memon
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yangjun Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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3
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Wang Z, Gao M, He C, Shi W, Deng Y, Han Y, Ye L, Geng Y. Unraveling the Molar Mass Dependence of Shearing-Induced Aggregation Structure of a High-Mobility Polymer Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108255. [PMID: 34850998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-structure formation of conjugated polymers is a fundamental problem in the field of organic electronics and remains poorly understood. Herein, the molar mass dependence of the aggregation structure of a high-mobility conjugated copolymer (TDPP-Se) comprising thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole and selenophene is thoroughly shown. Five batches of TDPP-Se are prepared with the number-average molecular weights (Mn ) varied greatly from 21 to 135 kg mol-1 . Small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy are combined to probe the solution structure of these polymers, consistently using a deuterated solvent. All the polymers adopt 1D rod-like aggregation structures and the radius of the 1D rods is not sensitive to the Mn , while the length increases monotonically with Mn . By utilizing the ordered packing of the aggregated structure in solution, a highly aligned and ordered film is prepared and, thereafter, a reliable hole mobility of 13.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 is realized in organic thin-film transistors with the moderate Mn batch via bar coating. The hole mobility is among the highest values reported for diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers. This work paves the way to visualize the real aggregated structure of polymer semiconductors in solution and sheds light on the microstructure control of high-performance electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyong He
- China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Weichao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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4
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Angunawela I, Nahid MM, Ghasemi M, Amassian A, Ade H, Gadisa A. The Critical Role of Materials' Interaction in Realizing Organic Field-Effect Transistors Via High-Dilution Blending with Insulating Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26239-26249. [PMID: 32410453 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-performance low-band-gap polymer semiconductors are visibly colored, making them unsuitable for transparent and imperceptible electronics without reducing film thickness to the nanoscale range. Herein, we demonstrate polymer/insulator blends exhibiting favorable miscibility that improves the transparency and carrier transport in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) device. The mesoscale structures leading to more efficient charge transport in ultrathin films relevant to the realization of transparent and flexible electronic applications are explored based on thermodynamic material interaction principles in conjunction with optical and morphological studies. By blending the commodity polymer polystyrene (PS) with two high-performing polymers, PDPP3T and P (NDI2OD-T2) (known as N2200), a drastic difference in morphology and fiber network are observed due to considerable differences in the degree of thermodynamic interaction between the conjugated polymers and PS. Intrinsic material interaction behavior establishes a long-range intermolecular interaction in the PDPP3T polymer fibrillar network dispersed in the majority (80%) PS matrix resulting in a ca. 3-fold increased transistor hole mobility of 1.15 cm2 V-1 s-1 (highest = 1.5 cm2 V-1 s-1) as compared to the pristine material, while PS barely affects the electron mobility in N2200. These basic findings provide important guidelines to achieve high mobility in transparent OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indunil Angunawela
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Masrur M Nahid
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Masoud Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engsineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Aram Amassian
- Department of Materials Science and Engsineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Abay Gadisa
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Labs (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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5
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Li T, Xu L, Xiao X, Chen F, Cao L, Wu W, Tong W, Zhang F. Enhanced Spin Transport of Conjugated Polymer in the Semiconductor/Insulating Polymer Blend. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2708-2716. [PMID: 31894693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are of high potential in the development of spintronic devices. In this paper, we report systematic studies on spin transport properties of a semiconducting polymer PBDTTT-C-T in the permalloy/polymer/Pt trilayer using the spin pumping method. Pure spin current with long spin relaxation time is observed via the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements. Furthermore, spin current is also found to propagate through the blend film consisting of a small amount of PBDTTT-C-T in an insulating matrix. The polymer blend exhibits a remarkably enhanced spin relaxation length (56 nm) and carrier mobility compared to pristine PBDTTT-C-T. From film microstructural characterizations, we propose that the enhanced spin/carrier transport properties are attributed to the formation of interlinked nanonetwork comprising of the PBDTTT-C-T chain bundles in the inert matrix to afford efficient intrachain charge conduction pathway. Temperature- dependent ISHE measurements support the spin-orbit coupling dominated spin relaxation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xuhua Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Feng Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Liang Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Wei Tong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Fapei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Condition, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HMFL) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
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6
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Intrinsically distinct hole and electron transport in conjugated polymers controlled by intra and intermolecular interactions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5226. [PMID: 31745091 PMCID: PMC6863910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still a matter of controversy whether the relative difference in hole and electron transport in solution-processed organic semiconductors is either due to intrinsic properties linked to chemical and solid-state structure or to extrinsic factors, as device architecture. We here isolate the intrinsic factors affecting either electron or hole transport within the same film microstructure of a model copolymer semiconductor. Relatively, holes predominantly bleach inter-chain interactions with H-type electronic coupling character, while electrons' relaxation more strongly involves intra-chain interactions with J-type character. Holes and electrons mobility correlates with the presence of a charge transfer state, while their ratio is a function of the relative content of intra- and inter-molecular interactions. Such fundamental observation, revealing the specific role of the ground-state intra- and inter-molecular coupling in selectively assisting charge transport, allows predicting a more favorable hole or electron transport already from screening the polymer film ground state optical properties.
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7
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Zhang L, Zhao K, Li H, Zhang T, Liu D, Han Y. Liquid Crystal Ordering on Conjugated Polymers Film Morphology for High Performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
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8
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Wasapinyokul K, Panjasamanwong T, Ponkasemsuk W, Sriprachuabwong C, Lomas T. Mathematical model for thickness of off‐center spin‐coated polymer films. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamol Wasapinyokul
- College of Advanced Manufacturing InnovationKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 1, Chalongkrung 1 Road, Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Tanakrit Panjasamanwong
- College of Advanced Manufacturing InnovationKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 1, Chalongkrung 1 Road, Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Worathat Ponkasemsuk
- College of Advanced Manufacturing InnovationKing Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang 1, Chalongkrung 1 Road, Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand
| | - Chakrit Sriprachuabwong
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) 112, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Tanom Lomas
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) 112, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
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9
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Khim D, Luzio A, Bonacchini GE, Pace G, Lee MJ, Noh YY, Caironi M. Uniaxial Alignment of Conjugated Polymer Films for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705463. [PMID: 29582485 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors have been experiencing a remarkable improvement in electronic and optoelectronic properties, which are largely related to the recent development of a vast library of high-performance, donor-acceptor copolymers showing alternation of chemical moieties with different electronic affinities along their backbones. Such steady improvement is making conjugated polymers even more appealing for large-area and flexible electronic applications, from distributed and portable electronics to healthcare devices, where cost-effective manufacturing, light weight, and ease of integration represent key benefits. Recently, a strong boost to charge carrier mobility in polymer-based field-effect transistors, consistently achieving the range from 1.0 to 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 for both holes and electrons, has been given by uniaxial backbone alignment of polymers in thin films, inducing strong transport anisotropy and favoring enhanced transport properties along the alignment direction. Herein, an overview on this topic is provided with a focus on the processing-structure-property relationships that enable the controlled and uniform alignment of polymer films over large areas with scalable processes. The key aspects are specific molecular structures, such as planarized backbones with a reduced degree of conformational disorder, solution formulation with controlled aggregation, and deposition techniques inducing suitable directional flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyoon Khim
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Alessandro Luzio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ernesto Bonacchini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pace
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mi-Jung Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Young Noh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
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10
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Chi SJ, Chen L, Li HX, Liu JG, Yu XH, Han YC. To improve alignment of isoindigo-based conjugated polymer film by controlling contact line receding velocity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Control of Molecular Ordering, Alignment, and Charge Transport in Solution-Processed Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9060212. [PMID: 30970891 PMCID: PMC6432227 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphology of conjugated polymers is a critical factor that significantly affects intrinsic charge transport characteristics and in turn performance of polymer-based devices. Morphological defects including misaligned crystalline grains and grain boundaries significantly impede efficient charge hopping between transport sites, resulting in degradation of device performance. Therefore, one important challenge is to control morphology of active polymer thin-films for achieving high performance flexible electronic devices. In the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in morphology control of conjugated polymer thin-films using solution-based processing techniques. This review focuses on recent advances in processing strategies that can tune the morphologies and thus impact charge transport properties of conjugated polymer thin films. Of the available processing strategies, polymer solution treatments and film deposition techniques will be mainly highlighted. The correlation between processing conditions, active layer morphologies, and device performance will be also be discussed.
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12
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Cao X, Du Z, Chen L, Zhao K, Li H, Liu J, Han Y. Long diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer nanowires prepared by decreasing the aggregate speed of the polymer in solution. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Chang M, Su Z, Egap E. Alignment and Charge Transport of One-Dimensional Conjugated Polymer Nanowires in Insulating Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mincheol Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhe Su
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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14
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Optically transparent semiconducting polymer nanonetwork for flexible and transparent electronics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14261-14266. [PMID: 27911774 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606947113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving high optical transparency and excellent charge mobility in semiconducting polymers has presented a challenge for the application of these materials in future "flexible" and "transparent" electronics (FTEs). Here, by blending only a small amount (∼15 wt %) of a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based semiconducting polymer (DPP2T) into an inert polystyrene (PS) matrix, we introduce a polymer blend system that demonstrates both high field-effect transistor (FET) mobility and excellent optical transparency that approaches 100%. We discover that in a PS matrix, DPP2T forms a web-like, continuously connected nanonetwork that spreads throughout the thin film and provides highly efficient 2D charge pathways through extended intrachain conjugation. The remarkable physical properties achieved using our approach enable us to develop prototype high-performance FTE devices, including colorless all-polymer FET arrays and fully transparent FET-integrated polymer light-emitting diodes.
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15
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Chen L, Chi S, Zhao K, Liu J, Yu X, Han Y. Aligned films of the DPP-Based conjugated polymer by solvent vapor enhanced drop casting. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Wu K, Li H, Li L, Zhang S, Chen X, Xu Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Chi L, Gao X, Meng Y. Controlled Growth of Ultrathin Film of Organic Semiconductors by Balancing the Competitive Processes in Dip-Coating for Organic Transistors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6246-6254. [PMID: 27267545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin film with thickness below 15 nm of organic semiconductors provides excellent platform for some fundamental research and practical applications in the field of organic electronics. However, it is quite challenging to develop a general principle for the growth of uniform and continuous ultrathin film over large area. Dip-coating is a useful technique to prepare diverse structures of organic semiconductors, but the assembly of organic semiconductors in dip-coating is quite complicated, and there are no reports about the core rules for the growth of ultrathin film via dip-coating until now. In this work, we develop a general strategy for the growth of ultrathin film of organic semiconductor via dip-coating, which provides a relatively facile model to analyze the growth behavior. The balance between the three direct factors (nucleation rate, assembly rate, and recession rate) is the key to determine the growth of ultrathin film. Under the direction of this rule, ultrathin films of four organic semiconductors are obtained. The field-effect transistors constructed on the ultrathin film show good field-effect property. This work provides a general principle and systematic guideline to prepare ultrathin film of organic semiconductors via dip-coating, which would be highly meaningful for organic electronics as well as for the assembly of other materials via solution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjie Wu
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suna Zhang
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zeyang Xu
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry Science & Engineering Tianjin , Tianjin 300072, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yancheng Meng
- Advanced Nano-materials Division, Key Laboratory of Nano-Devices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Suzhou 215123, China
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Li A, Bilby D, Dong BX, Amonoo J, Kim J, Green PF. Macroscopic alignment of poly(3-hexylthiophene) for enhanced long-range collection of photogenerated carriers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - David Bilby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Ban Xuan Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Jojo Amonoo
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Jinsang Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Peter F. Green
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
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