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Shaikhah D, Loise V, Angelico R, Porto M, Calandra P, Abe AA, Testa F, Bartucca C, Oliviero Rossi C, Caputo P. New Trends in Biosurfactants: From Renewable Origin to Green Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:301. [PMID: 38257213 PMCID: PMC10821525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes are technologies used in the oil and gas industry to maximize the extraction of residual oil from reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery methods have been carried out. The injection into the reservoir of surface-active substances capable of reducing the surface tension between oil and the rock surface should favor its extraction with significant economic repercussions. However, the most commonly used surfactants in EOR are derived from petroleum, and their use can have negative environmental impacts, such as toxicity and persistence in the environment. Biosurfactants on the other hand, are derived from renewable resources and are biodegradable, making them potentially more sustainable and environmentally friendly. The present review intends to offer an updated overview of the most significant results available in scientific literature on the potential application of biosurfactants in the context of EOR processes. Aspects such as production strategies, techniques for characterizing the mechanisms of action and the pros and cons of the application of biosurfactants as a principal method for EOR will be illustrated and discussed in detail. Optimized concepts such as the HLD in biosurfactant choice and design for EOR are also discussed. The scientific findings that are illustrated and reviewed in this paper show why general emphasis needs to be placed on the development and adoption of biosurfactants in EOR as a substantial contribution to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly oil and gas industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshad Shaikhah
- Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Scientific Research Centre, Soran University, Erbil 44008, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Valeria Loise
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (C.B.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Ruggero Angelico
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DIAAA), University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, CB, Italy
| | - Michele Porto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (C.B.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Calandra
- National Research Council, CNR-ISMN (National Research Council-Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials), Strada Provinciale 35D n.9–00010, 00010 Montelibretti, RM, Italy;
| | - Abraham A. Abe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy;
| | - Flaviano Testa
- Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 45A, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Concetta Bartucca
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (C.B.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (C.B.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolino Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 14D, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (V.L.); (C.B.); (C.O.R.); (P.C.)
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Rouquette M, Lepetre-Mouelhi S, Couvreur P. Adenosine and lipids: A forced marriage or a love match? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:233-244. [PMID: 30797954 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a fascinating compound, crucial in many biochemical processes: this ubiquitous nucleoside serves as an essential building block of RNA, is also a component of ATP and regulates numerous pathophysiological mechanisms via binding to four extracellular receptors. Due to its hydrophilic nature, it belongs to a different world than lipids, and has no affinity for them. Since the 1970's, however, new discoveries have emerged and prompted the scientific community to associate adenosine with the lipid family, especially via liposomal preparations and bioconjugation. This seems to be an arranged marriage, but could it turn into a true love match? This review considered all types of unions established between adenosine and lipids. Even though exciting supramolecular structures were observed with adenosine-lipid conjugates, as well as with liposomal preparations which resulted in promising pre-clinical results, the translation of these technologies to the clinic is still limited.
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Dhawan VV, Nagarsenker MS. Catanionic systems in nanotherapeutics – Biophysical aspects and novel trends in drug delivery applications. J Control Release 2017; 266:331-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Angelico R, Ceglie A, Sacco P, Colafemmina G, Ripoli M, Mangia A. Phyto-liposomes as nanoshuttles for water-insoluble silybin–phospholipid complex. Int J Pharm 2014; 471:173-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Angelico R, Losito I, Cuomo F, Ceglie A, Palmisano F. Alkylation of complementary ribonucleotides in nanoreactors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012. [PMID: 23184218 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43383d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to provide experimental evidence that base pairing, commonly occurring between nucleic bases in more complex supramolecular arrangements, may affect the reaction pathways associated with the alkylation of bases themselves. In pursuit of this aim, dilute aqueous solutions of Cytidine- (CMP) and Guanosine-Mono-Phosphate (GMP) as single reactants or in an equimolar mixture were treated with the electrophilic alkylating agent 1,2-Dodecyl-Epoxide (DE), which was preventively dispersed into micellar solutions prepared with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In the early stage of the reaction, CTAB micelles acted as micro-heterogeneous nanoreactors, but as the reaction progressed the systems evolved toward the formation of polydisperse aggregates, whose size and surface-charge properties were monitored as a function of reaction time. From mass spectrometry analyses, it was found that the deamination of cytosine, a side reaction related to the alkylation of the amino group of CMP, was reduced when both the complementary ribonucleotides were present in the same reaction mixture. The involvement of specific sites able to establish C:G interactions (possibly via H-bonding or π-π stacking) could explain the reduced reactivity occurring at the level of some of the nucleophilic centers responsible for molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Angelico
- Consorzio per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Firenze (FI), Italy.
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Losito I, Angelico R, Introna B, Ceglie A, Palmisano F. Cytosine to uracil conversion through hydrolytic deamination of cytidine monophosphate hydroxy-alkylated on the amino group: a liquid chromatography--electrospray ionization--mass spectrometry investigation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1384-1393. [PMID: 23019171 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel pathway for cytosine to uracil conversion performed in a micellar environment, leading to the generation of uridine monophosphate (UMP), was evidenced during the alkylation reaction of cytidine monophosphate (CMP) by dodecyl epoxide. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization - ion trap - mass spectrometry was used to separate and identify the reaction products and to follow their formation over time. The detection of hydroxy-amino-dodecane, concurrently with free UMP, in the reaction mixture suggested that, among the various alkyl-derivatives formed, CMP alkylated on the amino group of cytosine could undergo tautomerization to an imine and hydrolytic deamination, generating UMP. Interestingly, no evidence for this peculiar conversion pathway was obtained when guanosine monophosphate (GMP), the complementary ribonucleotide of CMP, was also present in the reaction mixture, due to the fact that NH(2)-alkylated CMP was not formed in this case. The last finding emphasized the role played by CMP-GMP molecular interactions, mediated by a micellar environment, in hindering the alkylation reaction at the level of the cytosine amino group.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Montis C, Milani S, Berti D, Baglioni P. Complexes of nucleolipid liposomes with single-stranded and double-stranded nucleic acids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 373:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Specific interactions between nucleolipid doped liposomes and DNA allow a more efficient polynucleotide condensation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 365:184-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cuomo F, Ceglie A, Colafemmina G, Germani R, Savelli G, Lopez F. Polyadenylic acid binding on cationic liposomes doped with the non-ionic nucleolipid Lauroyl Uridine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 82:277-82. [PMID: 20884180 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work unilamellar liposomes doped with a novel non-ionic 5'-Uridine-head nucleolipid, Lauroyl Uridine (LU), were prepared and characterized for their ability to interact with the polynucleotide polyadenylic acid (poly-A). Vesicles, were made up of the cationic lipid DOTAP (1,2-Dioleoyl-3-Trimethylammonium-Propane), the zwitterionic lipid DOPE (1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine), and the novel amphiphile Lauroyl Uridine. The influence of the non-ionic nucleolipid on essential liposomes properties, such as the structure and net charge was first investigated by a comparative analysis performed on the different lipoplex preparations by means of ζ-potential and size measurements. Both structure and net charge of liposomes were shown to be not modified by the presence of the non-ionic nucleolipid. The role of the synthetic lipid inserted as anchor in the liposome bilayer in the condensation process between vesicles and the polynucleotide poly-A was then analyzed by UV-vis, Circular Dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The data presented comparative UV-vis analyses that evidenced the occurrence of staking interactions in the poly-A only in LU containing lipoplexes. CD and NMR studies indicated the presence of H-bonding interaction between Lauroyl Uridine containing vesicles and the polynucleotide poly-A. The results presented in this work support a role for Lauroyl Uridine in A-U molecular recognition, thus, suggesting that cationic liposomes doped with the non-ionic nucleolipid Lauroyl Uridine could represent a model system to study molecular interactions among single stranded polynucleotides and lipid anchor bearing the complementary bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cuomo
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), c/o Department of Food Technology (DISTAAM), Università del Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Angelico R, Ambrosone L, Ceglie A, Losito I, De Zio G, Palmisano F. Complementary amphiphilic ribonucleotides confined into nanostructured environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7977-87. [PMID: 20517544 DOI: 10.1039/c001781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the physico-chemical investigation of the time evolution of self-assembled structures composed by oppositely charged surfactant monomers. The cationic components were represented by the well known cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide (CTAB) while the anionic monomers consisted of amphiphilic ribonucleotide derivatives, also called nucleo-lipids (NL). The latter were generated in situ by direct reaction between a hydrophobic precursor, dodecyl epoxide (DE), and a pair of complementary ribonucleotide mono-phosphates: adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) and uridine mono-phosphate (UMP). Analysis of reaction mixtures by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-single, tandem and sequential mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS, MS/MS and MS(3)) confirmed that the generated NL corresponded to ribonucleotides linked to one, two and even three hydroxy-dodecyl tails on their molecular structures and whose amounts had peculiar time dependences. In the solutions incubated with an equimolar mixture of both types of ribonucleotides, a remarkable positive feedback effect on the reaction products was ascribed to the contemporary presence of AMP and UMP. The variation of aggregate sizes, due to the incorporation process of NL monomers into starting CTAB micelles, was monitored through time-resolved measurements of both dynamic light-scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic mobilities, together with calculated zeta-(zeta)-potential. Finally, a kinetic model based on auto-catalytic mechanisms was outlined to analyze the process of the catanionic vesicles growth observed during the whole reaction time-course. The model was also in good agreement with MS data. The proposed colloidal system may be considered a simplified model whereby to study the potential role of complementary nucleic bases in triggering primitive chemical selections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Angelico
- Consorzio per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase c/o Università del Molise (DISTAAM), v. De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Losito I, Angelico R, Ceglie A, Diomede S, Palmisano F. Alkylation of complementary ribonucleotides by 1,2-dodecyl-epoxide in a micellar environment: a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-sequential mass spectrometry investigation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:1053-1065. [PMID: 19353627 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alkylation of a pair of complementary ribonucleotides, adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and uridine monophosphate (UMP), was accomplished by 1,2-dodecyl-epoxide (DE) in a oil-in-water microemulsion based on the cationic surfactant Cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide, providing a suitable catalytic interface for the reagents. Several, often isomeric, alkylation products, bearing one or two hydroxy-dodecyl moieties on their structures, were identified in the reaction mixtures by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. In particular, mass spectrometry (MS)/MS spectra, implemented by extracted ion chromatograms obtained for peculiar MS/MS product ions, indicated alkylation to occur on uracil and on uracil/phosphate OH groups in singly and doubly alkylated UMP, respectively. Adenine NH2 group and phosphate or ribose OH groups were found to be involved as such (single alkylation) or in combination, in the case of alkylated derivatives of AMP. The reaction of both endocyclic N and C=O groups (tautomerized to C-OH groups) of uracil and the predominance of nucleophilic attack to the more accessible carbon of the DE epoxydic bridge (the only exception being the reaction by the NH2 group of adenine) were inferred from MS3 spectra with the help of extracted ion chromatograms for specific fragment ions, after their structural characterization. Interestingly, alkylation on one of the uracil C=O groups and, partially, on the adenine NH2 group, both potentially involved in AMP/UMP base pairing in the micellar environment, were found to be hindered when both ribonucleotides were present in the reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Cuomo F, Palazzo G, Ceglie A, Lopez F. Quenching efficiency of pyrene fluorescence by nucleotide monophosphates in cationic micelles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Angelico R, Ceglie A, Cuomo F. Reaction mixtures based on the CTAB-Dodecyl Epoxide-water microemulsion for the synthesis of novel Nucleo-Lipids. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 70:68-75. [PMID: 19152780 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-functionalized amphiphiles can be generated in an aqueous microemulsion based on the cationic surfactant CetylTrimethylAmmonium Bromide (CTAB). The lipophilic precursor, Dodecyl Epoxide (DE), was able to hydrophobically modify several types of nucleotides (NMPs) giving rise to the production of novel anionic Nucleo-Lipids (NL), through a ring-opening reaction occurring at level of the CTAB micellar interface. The coexistence of both cationic (CTAB) and NL monomers triggered the spontaneous formation of aqueous suspensions of onion-like aggregates, as confirmed by optical microscopy and spectroturbidimetry. The solubilization process of DE into CTAB micellar phase in the presence of NMPs was first characterised through conductometry. DLS data showed a gradual micellar swelling resulting in a higher oil uptake upon addition of NMPs in the starting liquid L(1) phase. An important result achieved in this study was obtained through the inspection of long-aged suspensions incubated with each of four different types of NMPs, including their binary equimolar combinations. Samples made with the complementary pairs AU and CG showed up very stable vesicular systems, unlike the other random base paired mixtures, where we found a coexistence of liquid crystalline domains in equilibrium with either transparent liquid phases or dense isotropic gel phases. The potential role of the molecular recognition on the self-assembly properties of NL monomers has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Angelico
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), c/o Department of Food Technology (DISTAAM), Università del Molise, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Cuomo F, Lopez F, Angelico R, Colafemmina G, Ceglie A. Nucleotides and nucleolipids derivatives interaction effects during multi-lamellar vesicles formation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 64:184-93. [PMID: 18337067 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a micellar interface, constituted by the cationic surfactant CTAB, in presence of 1,2-epoxydodecane and nucleotides was used for catanionic multi-lamellar vesicles (MLVs) formation. The micellar solution of CTAB is able to disperse the 1,2 epoxydodecane in the micellar core promoting the reaction of this reagent with the nucleotide attracted by the positive surface charge of the micellar aggregates. The alkylation of AMP and UMP nucleotides leads to the synthesis of nucleolipids. The behaviour of the supramolecular structures formed depends on the starting reagents (AMP, UMP and AMP+UMP) and on the assembly capabilities of the products. In particular nucleotides and nucleotides derivatives interaction effects are evaluated during the multi-lamellar vesicles formation. NMR spectroscopy and UV-vis measurements performed on MLVs showed strong aryl interactions. Interestingly, NMR spectra revealed prevailing stacking interactions between complementary nucleolipids. The assembly of complementary nucleotides affects the course of the reaction during the MLVs formation. Moreover the MLVs supramolecular stability has been tested by means of turbidity and UV-vis measurements. In particular, an enhanced stability has been found in systems prepared with complementary nucleotides confirming that in these systems the self-assembly process is influenced by nucleolipids interactions. Furthermore by following the hypocromic effect during the micellar catalysis, we showed that even in the earlier stages of the reaction significant differences are detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cuomo
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), c/o Department of Food Technology (DISTAAM), Università del Molise, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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