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Sans-Serramitjana E, Gallardo-Benavente C, Melo F, Pérez-Donoso JM, Rumpel C, Barra PJ, Durán P, Mora MDLL. A Comparative Study of the Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles by Two Contrasting Endophytic Selenobacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1600. [PMID: 37375102 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the biosynthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using two contrasting endophytic selenobacteria, one Gram-positive (Bacillus sp. E5 identified as Bacillus paranthracis) and one Gram-negative (Enterobacter sp. EC5.2 identified as Enterobacter ludwigi), for further use as biofortifying agents and/or for other biotechnological purposes. We demonstrated that, upon regulating culture conditions and selenite exposure time, both strains were suitable "cell factories" for producing SeNPs (B-SeNPs from B. paranthracis and E-SeNPs from E. ludwigii) with different properties. Briefly, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that intracellular E-SeNPs (56.23 ± 4.85 nm) were smaller in diameter than B-SeNPs (83.44 ± 2.90 nm) and that both formulations were located in the surrounding medium or bound to the cell wall. AFM images indicated the absence of relevant variations in bacterial volume and shape and revealed the existence of layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the bacterial cell wall under the conditions of biosynthesis, particularly in the case of B. paranthracis. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SeNPs were surrounded by the proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides of bacterial cells and that the numbers of the functional groups present in B-SeNPs were higher than in E-SeNPs. Thus, considering that these findings support the suitability of these two endophytic stains as potential biocatalysts to produce high-quality Se-based nanoparticles, our future efforts must be focused on the evaluation of their bioactivity, as well as on the determination of how the different features of each SeNP modulate their biological action and their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulàlia Sans-Serramitjana
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carla Gallardo-Benavente
- Centro Biotecnológico de Estudios Microbianos (CEBEM), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Departamento de Física, Center for Soft Matter Research, SMAT-C, Usach, Avenida Ecuador, Estación Central, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - José M Pérez-Donoso
- BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile
| | - Cornelia Rumpel
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, UMR 7618, CNRS-UPMC-UPEC-INRAE-IRD, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patricio Javier Barra
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Paola Durán
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - María de La Luz Mora
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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2
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Li Y, Ma X, Chen Y, Kang X, Yang B. Superhydrophobicity Mechanism and Nanoscale Profiling of PDMS-Modified Kaolinite Nanolayers via Ab Initio-MD Simulation and Atomic Force Microscopy Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37289639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the superhydrophobic mechanism of kaolinite particles modified with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which has potential as a superior hydrophobic coating. The study employed a combination of density functional theory (DFT) simulation modeling, characterization of the chemical properties and microstructure, contact angle measurements, and chemical force spectroscopy of atomic force microscopy. The results showed successful PDMS grafting onto the kaolinite surface, resulting in micro- and nanoscale roughness and a contact angle of 165°, indicating a successful superhydrophobic effect. The study also identified the mechanism of the hydrophobic interaction through two-dimensional micro- and nanoscale hydrophobicity images, highlighting the potential of this approach for developing new hydrophobic coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- National Center for International Research Collaboration in Building Safety and Environment, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiongying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- National Center for International Research Collaboration in Building Safety and Environment, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- National Center for International Research Collaboration in Building Safety and Environment, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- National Center for International Research Collaboration in Building Safety and Environment, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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3
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Abu Quba AA, Goebel MO, Karagulyan M, Miltner A, Kästner M, Bachmann J, Schaumann GE, Diehl D. Changes in cell surface properties of Pseudomonas fluorescens by adaptation to NaCl induced hypertonic stress. FEMS MICROBES 2022; 4:xtac028. [PMID: 37333443 PMCID: PMC10169395 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the effect of water stress on the surface properties of bacteria is crucial to study bacterial induced soil water repellency. Changes in the environmental conditions may affect several properties of bacteria such as the cell hydrophobicity and morphology. Here, we study the influence of adaptation to hypertonic stress on cell wettability, shape, adhesion, and surface chemical composition of Pseudomonas fluorescens. From this we aim to discover possible relations between the changes in wettability of bacterial films studied by contact angle and single cells studied by atomic and chemical force microscopy (AFM, CFM), which is still lacking. We show that by stress the adhesion forces of the cell surfaces towards hydrophobic functionalized probes increase while they decrease towards hydrophilic functionalized tips. This is consistent with the contact angle results. Further, cell size shrunk and protein content increased upon stress. The results suggest two possible mechanisms: Cell shrinkage is accompanied by the release of outer membrane vesicles by which the protein to lipid ratio increases. The higher protein content increases the rigidity and the number of hydrophobic nano-domains per surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Alaziz Abu Quba
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslauter-Landau, RPTU in Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Marc-Oliver Goebel
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariam Karagulyan
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Miltner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kästner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Bachmann
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriele E Schaumann
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslauter-Landau, RPTU in Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Doerte Diehl
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Rheinland-pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslauter-Landau, RPTU in Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
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4
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Fathiah Mohamed Zuki, Pourzolfaghar H, Edyvean RGJ, Hernandez JE. Interpretation of Initial Adhesion of Pseudomonas putida on Hematite and Quartz Using Surface Thermodynamics, DLVO, and XDLVO Theories. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375522050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Ordek A, Gordesli-Duatepe FP. Impact of sodium nitroprusside concentration added to batch cultures of Escherichia coli biofilms on the c-di-GMP levels, morphologies and adhesion of biofilm-dispersed cells. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:796-813. [PMID: 36229918 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2131399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm dispersion can be triggered by the application of dispersing agents such as nitric oxide (NO)-donors, resulting in the release of biofilm-dispersed cells into the environment. In this work, biofilm-dispersed cells were obtained by adding different concentrations of NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (0.5, 5, 50 µM, and 2.5 mM of SNP) to batch cultures of pre-formed Escherichia coli biofilms. Except for those dispersed by 5 µM of SNP, biofilm-dispersed cells were found to be wider and longer than the planktonic cells and to have higher c-di-GMP levels and greater adhesion forces to silicon nitride surfaces in water as measured by atomic force microscope. Consequently, the optimum concentration of SNP to disperse E. coli biofilms was found to be 5 µM of SNP, whose addition to batch cultures resulted in a significant biofilm dispersion and the dispersed cells having c-di-GMP levels, morphologies and adhesion strengths similar to their planktonic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ordek
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Graduate School, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - F Pinar Gordesli-Duatepe
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Santore MM. Interplay of physico-chemical and mechanical bacteria-surface interactions with transport processes controls early biofilm growth: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102665. [PMID: 35468355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms initiate when bacteria encounter and are retained on surfaces. The surface orchestrates biofilm growth through direct physico-chemical and mechanical interactions with different structures on bacterial cells and, in turn, through its influence on cell-cell interactions. Individual cells respond directly to a surface through mechanical or chemical means, initiating "surface sensing" pathways that regulate gene expression, for instance producing extra cellular matrix or altering phenotypes. The surface can also physically direct the evolving colony morphology as cells divide and grow. In either case, the physico-chemistry of the surface influences cells and cell communities through mechanisms that involve additional factors. For instance the numbers of cells arriving on a surface from solution relative to the generation of new cells by division depends on adhesion and transport kinetics, affecting early colony density and composition. Separately, the forces experienced by adhering cells depend on hydrodynamics, gravity, and the relative stiffnesses and viscoelasticity of the cells and substrate materials, affecting mechanosensing pathways. Physical chemistry and surface functionality, along with interfacial mechanics also influence cell-surface friction and control colony morphology, in particular 2D and 3D shape. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms in which physico-chemical interactions, deriving from surface functionality, impact individual cells and cell community behavior through their coupling with other interfacial processes.
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7
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Mischo J, Faidt T, McMillan RB, Dudek J, Gunaratnam G, Bayenat P, Holtsch A, Spengler C, Müller F, Hähl H, Bischoff M, Hannig M, Jacobs K. Hydroxyapatite Pellets as Versatile Model Surfaces for Systematic Adhesion Studies on Enamel: A Force Spectroscopy Case Study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1476-1485. [PMID: 35263544 PMCID: PMC9007113 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research into materials for medical application draws inspiration from naturally occurring or synthesized surfaces, just like many other research directions. For medical application of materials, particular attention has to be paid to biocompatibility, osseointegration, and bacterial adhesion behavior. To understand their properties and behavior, experimental studies with natural materials such as teeth are strongly required. The results, however, may be highly case-dependent because natural surfaces have the disadvantage of being subject to wide variations, for instance in their chemical composition, structure, morphology, roughness, and porosity. A synthetic surface which mimics enamel in its performance with respect to bacterial adhesion and biocompatibility would, therefore, facilitate systematic studies much better. In this study, we discuss the possibility of using hydroxyapatite (HAp) pellets to simulate the surfaces of teeth and show the possibility and limitations of using a model surface. We performed single-cell force spectroscopy with single Staphylococcus aureus cells to measure adhesion-related parameters such as adhesion force and rupture length of cell wall proteins binding to HAp and enamel. We also examine the influence of blood plasma and saliva on the adhesion properties of S. aureus. The results of these measurements are matched to water wettability, elemental composition of the samples, and the change in the macromolecules adsorbed over time on the surface. We found that the adhesion properties of S. aureus were similar on HAp and enamel samples under all conditions: Significant decreases in adhesion strength were found equally in the presence of saliva or blood plasma on both surfaces. We therefore conclude that HAp pellets are a good alternative for natural dental material. This is especially true when slight variations in the physicochemical properties of the natural materials may affect the experimental series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mischo
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Faidt
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ryan B. McMillan
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johanna Dudek
- Clinic
of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gubesh Gunaratnam
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Pardis Bayenat
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anne Holtsch
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Spengler
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hähl
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic
of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Max
Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Jiao M, Li W, Yu Y, Yu Y. Anisotropic presentation of ligands on cargos modulates degradative function of phagosomes. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100041. [PMID: 35382229 PMCID: PMC8978551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic arrangement of cell wall components is ubiquitous among bacteria and fungi, but how such functional anisotropy affects interactions between microbes and host immune cells is not known. Here we address this question with regard to phagosome maturation, the process used by host immune cells to degrade internalized microbes. We developed two-faced microparticles as model pathogens that display ligands on only one hemisphere and simultaneously function as fluorogenic sensors for probing biochemical reactions inside phagosomes during degradation. The fluorescent indicator on just one hemisphere gives the particle sensors a moon-like appearance. We show that anisotropic presentation of ligands on particles delays the start of acidification and proteolysis in phagosomes, but does not affect their degradative capacity. Our work suggests that the spatial presentation of ligands on pathogens plays a critical role in modulating the degradation process in phagosomes during host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchi Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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9
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Laskowski D, Strzelecki J, Dahm H, Balter A. Adhesion heterogeneity of individual bacterial cells in an axenic culture studied by atomic force microscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:668-674. [PMID: 34060237 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of bacterial adhesive properties at a single-cell level is critical for under standing the role of phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial attachment and community formation. Bacterial population exhibits a wide variety of adhesive properties at the single-cell level, suggesting that bacterial adhesion is a rather complex process and some bacteria are prone to phenotypic heterogeneity. This heterogeneity was more pronounced for Escherichia coli, where two subpopulations were detected. Subpopulations exhibiting higher adhesion forces may be better adapted to colonize a new surface, especially during sudden changes in environmental conditions. Escherichia coli was characterized by a higher adhesion force, a stronger ability to form biofilm and larger heterogeneity index calculated in comparison with Bacillus subtilis. Higher adhesion forces are associated with a more efficient attachment of bacteria observed in an adhesion assay and might provide a basis for successful colonization, survival and multiplications in changing environment. The atomic force microscopy provides a platform for investigation of the adhesion heterogeneity of individual cells within a population, which may be expected to underpin further elucidation of the adaptive significance of phenotypic heterogeneity in a natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Laskowski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Janusz Strzelecki
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudzia˛dzka 5, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Hanna Dahm
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Aleksander Balter
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudzia˛dzka 5, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
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10
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Grzeszczuk Z, Rosillo A, Owens Ó, Bhattacharjee S. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) As a Surface Mapping Tool in Microorganisms Resistant Toward Antimicrobials: A Mini-Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:517165. [PMID: 33123004 PMCID: PMC7567160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.517165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses due to a plethora of reasons, such as genetic mutation and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, is a major challenge faced by the healthcare sector today. One of the issues at hand is to effectively screen and isolate resistant strains from sensitive ones. Utilizing the distinct nanomechanical properties (e.g., elasticity, intracellular turgor pressure, and Young’s modulus) of microbes can be an intriguing way to achieve this; while atomic force microscopy (AFM), with or without modification of the tips, presents an effective way to investigate such biophysical properties of microbial surfaces or an entire microbial cell. Additionally, advanced AFM instruments, apart from being compatible with aqueous environments—as often is the case for biological samples—can measure the adhesive forces acting between AFM tips/cantilevers (conjugated to bacterium/virion, substrates, and molecules) and target cells/surfaces to develop informative force-distance curves. Moreover, such force spectroscopies provide an idea of the nature of intercellular interactions (e.g., receptor-ligand) or propensity of microbes to aggregate into densely packed layers, that is, the formation of biofilms—a property of resistant strains (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). This mini-review will revisit the use of single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) that are emerging as powerful additions to the arsenal of researchers in the struggle against resistant microbes, identify their strengths and weakness and, finally, prioritize some future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Óisín Owens
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Obeid S, Guyomarc'h F. Atomic force microscopy of food assembly: Structural and mechanical insights at the nanoscale and potential opportunities from other fields. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Gordesli-Duatepe FP, Park BJ, Kawas LH, Abu-Lail NI. Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation of the Contributions of Listeria monocytogenes Cell-Wall Biomacromolecules to Their Adherence and Mechanics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5872-5883. [PMID: 32544332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the contributions of the pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes cell-wall biomacromolecules to the bacterial mechanics and adhesion to a model inert surface of silicon nitride in water were investigated by atomic force microscopy. Chemical ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and biological enzymatic trypsin treatments of cells were performed to partially or totally remove the bacterial cell-wall proteins and carbohydrates. Removal of 48.2% proteins and 29.2% of carbohydrates from the cell-wall of the bacterium by the EDTA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the length of the bacterial cell-wall biomacromolecules and an increase in the rigidity of the bacterial cells as predicted from fitting a model of steric repulsion to the force-distance approach data and classic Hertz model to the indentation-force data, respectively. In comparison, removal of almost all the cell-wall proteins (99.5% removal) and 8.6% of cell-wall carbohydrates by the trypsin treatment resulted in an increase in the elasticity of the bacterial cells, an increase in the extension of the cell-wall biomacromolecules, and a significant decrease in their apparent grafting densities. In addition, adhesion strength of native-untreated L. monocytogenes to silicon nitride in water decreased by 30% on average after the EDTA treatment and further decreased by 60% on average after the trypsin treatment, showing a positive correlation with the% removal of cell-wall proteins by the EDTA and trypsin treatments, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pinar Gordesli-Duatepe
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bong J Park
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Leen H Kawas
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Physiology, Washington State University Pullman, Washington 99164-6520, United States
| | - Nehal I Abu-Lail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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13
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Abstract
Microbial adhesion and biofilm formation are usually studied using molecular and cellular biology assays, optical and electron microscopy, or laminar flow chamber experiments. Today, atomic force microscopy (AFM) represents a valuable addition to these approaches, enabling the measurement of forces involved in microbial adhesion at the single-molecule level. In this minireview, we discuss recent discoveries made applying state-of-the-art AFM techniques to microbial specimens in order to understand the strength and dynamics of adhesive interactions. These studies shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of adhesion and demonstrate an intimate relationship between force and function in microbial adhesins.
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14
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Aybeke EN, Ployon S, Brulé M, De Fonseca B, Bourillot E, Morzel M, Lesniewska E, Canon F. Nanoscale Mapping of the Physical Surface Properties of Human Buccal Cells and Changes Induced by Saliva. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12647-12655. [PMID: 31448614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal pellicle, also called salivary pellicle, is a thin biological layer made of salivary and epithelial constituents, lining oral mucosae. It contributes to their protection against microbiological, chemical, or mechanical insults. Pellicle formation depends on the cells' surface properties, and in turn the pellicle deeply modifies such properties. It has been reported that the expression of the transmembrane mucin MUC1 in oral epithelial cells improves the formation of the mucosal pellicle. Here, we describe an approach combining classical and functionalized tip atomic force microscopy and scanning microwave microscopy to characterize how MUC1 induces changes in buccal cells' morphology, hydrophobicity, and electric properties to elucidate the physicochemical mechanisms involved in the enhancement of the anchoring of salivary proteins. We show that MUC1 expression did not modify drastically the morphology of the epithelial cells' surface. MUC1 expression, however, resulted in the presence of more hydrophobic and more charged areas at the cell surface. The presence of salivary proteins decreased the highest attractive and repulsive forces recorded between the cell surface and a functionalized hydrophobic atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip, suggesting that the most hydrophobic and charged areas participate in the binding of salivary proteins. The cells' dielectric properties were altered by both MUC1 expression and the presence of a mucosal pellicle. We finally show that in the absence of MUC1, the pellicle appeared as a distinct layer poorly interacting with the cells' surface. This integrative AFM/scanning microwave microscopy approach may usefully describe the surface properties of various cell types, with relevance to the bioadhesion or biomimetics fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Neslihan Aybeke
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
| | - Sarah Ployon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
| | - Marine Brulé
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
| | - Brice De Fonseca
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21078 , France
| | - Eric Bourillot
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21078 , France
| | - Martine Morzel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
| | - Eric Lesniewska
- ICB UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21078 , France
| | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon F-21000 , France
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15
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Li K, Ma H. Rotation and Retention Dynamics of Rod-Shaped Colloids with Surface Charge Heterogeneity in Sphere-in-Cell Porous Media Model. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5471-5483. [PMID: 30925063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colloid surface charge heterogeneity was incorporated into a three-dimensional trajectory model, which simulated particle translation and rotation via a force/torque analysis, to study the transport and retention dynamics of rod-shaped colloids over a wide size range in porous media under unfavorable conditions (energy barriers to deposition exist). Our previous study Li , K. ; Ma , H. Deposition Dynamics of Rod-Shaped Colloids during Transport in Porous Media under Favorable Conditions , Langmuir , 2018 , 34 , 9 , 2967 - 2980 , 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03983 for rod transport under favorable conditions (lacking energy barriers) demonstrated that particle rotation due to the coupled effect of flow hydrodynamics and Brownian rotation governed rod transport and retention. In this work, we showed that the shape of a colloid affected both transport process and colloid-collector interactions, but shape alone could not make rods to overcome energy barriers of over tens of kT for attachment under unfavorable conditions. The location of colloid surface heterogeneity did not affect transport but predominantly affected colloid-surface interactions by influencing the likelihood of heterogeneity patches facing the collector due to particle rotation. For surface heterogeneity located on the end(s) of a colloid, rods displayed enhanced retention compared with spheres; for surface heterogeneity located on the middle band, rods showed less retention compared with spheres. It was more effective to arrest a traveling rod when surface heterogeneity was located on the end relative to the side, because the tumbling motion greatly increased the likelihood of the end to intercept collector surfaces, and also because a rod would experience less repulsion with an end-on orientation relative to the collector surface compared to a side-on orientation due to the curvature effect. The influences of the particle aspect ratio on retention strongly depended upon the location of colloid surface heterogeneity. Our findings demonstrated that rods had distinct rotation and retention behaviors from spheres under conditions typically encountered in the environment; thus, particle rotation should be considered when studying the transport process of nonspherical colloids or spherical particles with inhomogeneous surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Geology and Geophysics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Huilian Ma
- Department of Geology and Geophysics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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16
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A modular atomic force microscopy approach reveals a large range of hydrophobic adhesion forces among bacterial members of the leaf microbiota. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:1878-1882. [PMID: 30894689 PMCID: PMC6591122 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is the initial step in surface colonization and community formation. At the single-cell level, atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have enabled the quantification of adhesive forces between bacteria and substrata. However, conventional techniques depend on the irreversible immobilization of cells onto cantilevers, thus hampering throughput. Here, we developed a modular AFM method to reversibly immobilize functionalized beads as surface mimic and to probe adhesion of individual bacteria. We performed single-cell force spectroscopies with phylogenetically diverse leaf isolates of various size and morphology. Adhesion measurement of 28 bacterial strains revealed large differences in hydrophobic interactions of about three orders of magnitude. The highest adhesion forces of up to 50 nN were recorded for members of the Gammaproteobacteria. The hydrophobicity of the different isolates correlated positively with the retention of bacteria observed in planta and might provide a basis for successful leaf colonization and potentially disease outbreaks of pathogens.
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17
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Downie HF, Standerwick JP, Burgess L, Natrajan LS, Lloyd JR. Imaging redox activity and Fe(II) at the microbe-mineral interface during Fe(III) reduction. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:582-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Gafri HFS, Mohamed Zuki F, Aroua MK, Hashim NA. Mechanism of bacterial adhesion on ultrafiltration membrane modified by natural antimicrobial polymers (chitosan) and combination with activated carbon (PAC). REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to surfaces is related to several factors, such as surface charge, surface energy, and substrate characteristics (leading to the formation of biofilms). Organisms are dominant in most environmental, industrial, and medical problems and processes that are of interest to microbiologists. Biofilm cells are at least 500 times more resistant to antibacterial agents compared to planktonic cells. The usage of ultrafiltration membranes is fast becoming popular for water treatment. Membrane lifetime and permeate flux are primarily affected by the phenomena of microbial accumulation and fouling at the membrane’s surface. This review intends to understand the mechanism of membrane fouling by bacterial attachment on polymeric ultrafiltration membrane modified by natural antimicrobial polymers (chitosan) combined with powder activated carbon. Also, to guide future research on membrane water treatment processes, adhesion prediction using the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Fouzi S. Gafri
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Fathiah Mohamed Zuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Science and Technology , Sunway University, Bandar Sunway , 47500 Petaling Jaya , Malaysia
- Department of Engineering , Lancaster University , Lancaster, LA1 4YW , UK
| | - Nur Awanis Hashim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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19
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Sans-Serramitjana E, Fusté E, Martínez-Garriga B, Merlos A, Pastor M, Pedraz J, Esquisabel A, Bachiller D, Vinuesa T, Viñas M. Killing effect of nanoencapsulated colistin sulfate on Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:611-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Perni S, Preedy EC, Landini P, Prokopovich P. Influence of csgD and ompR on Nanomechanics, Adhesion Forces, and Curli Properties of E. coli. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7965-7974. [PMID: 27434665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Curli are bacterial appendages involved in the adhesion of cells to surfaces; their synthesis is regulated by many genes such as csgD and ompR. The expression of the two curli subunits (CsgA and CsgB) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is regulated by CsgD; at the same time, csgD transcription is under the control of OmpR. Therefore, both genes are involved in the control of curli production. In this work, we elucidated the role of these genes in the nanomechanical and adhesive properties of E. coli MG1655 (a laboratory strain not expressing significant amount of curli) and its curli-producing mutants overexpressing OmpR and CsgD, employing atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanomechanical analysis revealed that the expression of these genes gave origin to cells with a lower Young's modulus (E) and turgidity (P0), whereas the adhesion forces were unaffected when genes involved in curli formation were expressed. AFM was also employed to study the primary structure of the curli expressed through the freely jointed chain (FJC) model for polymers. CsgD increased the number of curli on the surface more than OmpR did, and the overexpression of both genes did not result in a greater number of curli. Neither of the genes had an impact on the structure (total length of the polymer and number and length of Kuhn segments) of the curli. Our results further suggest that, despite the widely assumed role of curli in cell adhesion, cell adhesion force is also dictated by surface properties because no relation between the number of curli expressed on the surface and cell adhesion was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Perni
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University , Cardiff, U.K. CF10 3NB
| | - Emily Callard Preedy
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University , Cardiff, U.K. CF10 3NB
| | - Paolo Landini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Milan , 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Polina Prokopovich
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University , Cardiff, U.K. CF10 3NB
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21
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Kreplak L. Introduction to Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 85:17.7.1-17.7.21. [PMID: 27479503 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) has the unique capability of imaging biological samples with molecular resolution in buffer solution over a wide range of time scales from milliseconds to hours. In addition to providing topographical images of surfaces with nanometer- to angstrom-scale resolution, forces between single molecules and mechanical properties of biological samples can be investigated from the nano-scale to the micro-scale. Importantly, the measurements are made in buffer solutions, allowing biological samples to "stay alive" within a physiological-like environment while temporal changes in structure are measured-e.g., before and after addition of chemical reagents. These qualities distinguish AFM from conventional imaging techniques of comparable resolution, e.g., electron microscopy (EM). This unit provides an introduction to AFM on biological systems and describes specific examples of AFM on proteins, cells, and tissues. The physical principles of the technique and methodological aspects of its practical use and applications are also described. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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22
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Ostvar S, Wood BD. Multiscale Model Describing Bacterial Adhesion and Detachment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5213-5222. [PMID: 27129780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial surfaces are complex structures with nontrivial adhesive properties. The physics of bacterial adhesion deviates from that of ideal colloids as a result of cell-surface roughness and because of the mechanical properties of the polymers covering the cell surface. In the present study, we develop a simple multiscale model for the interplay between the potential energy functions that characterize the cell surface biopolymers and their interaction with the extracellular environment. We then use the model to study a discrete network of bonds in the presence of significant length heterogeneities in cell-surface polymers. The model we present is able to generate force curves (both approach and retraction) that closely resemble those measured experimentally. Our results show that even small-length-scale heterogeneities can lead to macroscopically nonlinear behavior that is qualitatively and quantitatively different from the homogeneous case. We also report on the energetic consequences of such structural heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sassan Ostvar
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Brian D Wood
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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23
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Arslan B, Ju X, Zhang X, Abu-Lail NI. Heterogeneity and Specificity of Nanoscale Adhesion Forces Measured between Self-Assembled Monolayers and Lignocellulosic Substrates: A Chemical Force Microscopy Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10233-10245. [PMID: 26339982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lack of fundamental understanding of cellulase interactions with different plant cell wall components during cellulose saccharification hinders progress toward achieving an economic production of biofuels from renewable plant biomass. Here, chemical force microscopy (CFM) was utilized to quantify the interactions between two surfaces that model either hydrophilic or hydrophobic functional groups of cellulases and a set of lignocellulosic substrates prepared through Kraft, sulfite, or organosolv pulping with defined chemical composition. The measured forces were then decoupled into specific and nonspecific components using the Poisson statistical approach. Heterogeneities in the distributions of forces as a function of the pretreatment method were mapped. Our results showed that hydrophobic domains and chemical moieties involved in hydrogen bonding and polar interactions were homogeneously distributed on all substrates but with distribution densities that varied with the type of the pretreatment method used to prepare substrates. In addition, we showed that increasing surface lignin coverage increased the heterogeneity of the substrates. When forces were decoupled, our results indicated that xylan reduced the strength of hydrogen bonding between the hydrophilic model surface and substrates. Permanent dipole-dipole interactions dominated the adhesion of the hydrophilic model surface to lignosulfonates, whereas hydrophobic interactions facilitated the adhesion of the hydrophobic model surface to Kraft lignin. We further showed that the structure of lignin determines the type of forces that dominate lignocellulosic interactions with other surfaces. Our findings suggest that nonproductive binding of cellulases to lignocellulosic biomass can be reduced by altering the hydrophobicity and/or chemical moieties involved in the polar interactions and by utilizing organosolv as a pretreatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Arslan
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-6515, United States
| | - Xiaohui Ju
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Bioproducts' Science and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University , Richland, Washington 99354-1670, United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Bioproducts' Science and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University , Richland, Washington 99354-1670, United States
| | - Nehal I Abu-Lail
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164-6515, United States
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24
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Yoshihara A, Nobuhira N, Narahara H, Toyoda S, Tokumoto H, Konishi Y, Nomura T. Estimation of the adhesive force distribution for the flagellar adhesion of Escherichia coli on a glass surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 131:67-72. [PMID: 25956746 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the presence or absence of microbial flagella and the microbial motility on the colloidal behaviors of microbial cells were quantitatively evaluated. The microbial cell attachment and detachment processes on a glass surface were observed directly using a parallel-plate flow chamber. Wild-type, flagellar paralyzed, and nonflagellated Escherichia coli strains were used as model microbial cells. In the cell attachment tests, the microbial adhesion rate in a 160mM NaCl solution was approximately 10 times higher than that in a 10mM solution, for all E. coli strains. The colloidal behavior of the microbial cells agreed well with the predictions of the DLVO theory. In addition, the microbial flagella and motility did not significantly affect the cell attachment, regardless of the existence of a potential barrier between the cell and the glass substratum. In the cell detachment tests, the cumulative number of microbial cells detached from the glass substratum with increasing flow rate was fit well with the Weibull distribution function. The list of strains arranged in order of increasing median drag force required to remove them was nonflagellated strain, flagellar paralyzed strain, and wild-type strain. These results indicated that the flagella and the flagellar motility inhibited the cell detachment from the glass substratum. Furthermore, a large external force would likely be required to inhibit the microbial adhesion in the early stage of the biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yoshihara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Corporate Engineering Center, Corporate Production Management & Engineering Division, Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd., 2100 Takayanagi, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-0041, Japan.
| | - Noritaka Nobuhira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hisaya Narahara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Toyoda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Tokumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Konishi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nomura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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25
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Gao Y, Yu Y. Macrophage uptake of Janus particles depends upon Janus balance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2833-8. [PMID: 25674706 DOI: 10.1021/la504668c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Properties of synthetic particles, such as size and shape, influence how immune cells uptake vaccine and drug carriers. Here, we explore the role of a new property, anisotropic presentation of ligands, in particle uptake by macrophage cells. We use micrometer-sized Janus particles that are partially coated with ligands and investigate how the ligand patch size (Janus balance) affects their uptake by macrophages. Macrophage uptake of both 1.6 and 3 μm Janus particles is enhanced as the size of the ligand patch increases. However, presenting ligands asymmetrically reduces particle phagocytosis; Janus particles with the same amount of ligands as uniformly coated particles are internalized less efficiently. We also show that, because of the asymmetric geometry of Janus particles, the onset of ligand-mediated phagocytosis depends upon the orientation of the particles with respect to the cells. This study demonstrates Janus balance as a new parameter that we can use to manipulate the macrophage uptake of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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26
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López-Jiménez L, Arnabat-Domínguez J, Viñas M, Vinuesa T. Atomic force microscopy visualization of injuries in Enterococcus faecalis surface caused by Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e45-51. [PMID: 25475770 PMCID: PMC4320420 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To visualize by Atomic Force Microscopy the alterations induced on Enterococcus. faecalis surface after treatment with 2 types of laser: Erbium chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser and Diode laser.
Material and Methods: Bacterial suspensions from overnight cultures of E. faecalis were irradiated during 30 seconds with the laser-lights at 1 W and 2 W of power, leaving one untreated sample as control. Surface alterations on treated E. faecalis were visualized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and its surface roughness determined.
Results: AFM imaging showed that at high potency of laser both cell morphology and surface roughness resulted altered, and that several cell lysis signs were easily visualized. Surface roughness clearly increase after the treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG at 2W of power, while the other treatments gave similar values of surface roughness. The effect of lasers on bacterial surfaces visualized by AFM revealed drastic alterations.
Conclusions: AFM is a good tool to evaluate surface injuries after laser treatment; and could constitute a measure of antimicrobial effect that can complete data obtained by determination of microbial viability.
Key words:Atomic force microscopy, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, diode laser, Enterococcus faecalis, surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia López-Jiménez
- Department of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,
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27
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Diao M, Taran E, Mahler S, Nguyen AV. A concise review of nanoscopic aspects of bioleaching bacteria-mineral interactions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 212:45-63. [PMID: 25245273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioleaching is a technology for the recovery of metals from minerals by means of microorganisms, which accelerate the oxidative dissolution of the mineral by regenerating ferric ions. Bioleaching processes take place at the interface of bacteria, sulfide mineral and leaching solution. The fundamental forces between a bioleaching bacterium and mineral surface are central to understanding the intricacies of interfacial phenomena, such as bacterial adhesion or detachment from minerals and the mineral dissolution. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge in the colloidal aspect of bacteria-mineral interactions, particularly for bioleaching bacteria. Special consideration is given to the microscopic structure of bacterial cells and the atomic force microscopy technique used in the quantification of fundamental interaction forces at nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Diao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Elena Taran
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anh V Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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28
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Mashaghi A, Mashaghi S, Reviakine I, Heeren RMA, Sandoghdar V, Bonn M. Label-free characterization of biomembranes: from structure to dynamics. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:887-900. [PMID: 24253187 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We review recent progress in the study of the structure and dynamics of phospholipid membranes and associated proteins, using novel label-free analytical tools. We describe these techniques and illustrate them with examples highlighting current capabilities and limitations. Recent advances in applying such techniques to biological and model membranes for biophysical studies and biosensing applications are presented, and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mashaghi
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands.
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29
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Atomic force microscopy in microbiology: new structural and functional insights into the microbial cell surface. mBio 2014; 5:e01363-14. [PMID: 25053785 PMCID: PMC4120197 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01363-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells sense and respond to their environment using their surface constituents. Therefore, understanding the assembly and biophysical properties of cell surface molecules is an important research topic. With its ability to observe living microbial cells at nanometer resolution and to manipulate single-cell surface molecules, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a powerful tool in microbiology. Here, we survey major breakthroughs made in cell surface microbiology using AFM techniques, emphasizing the most recent structural and functional insights.
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Perni S, Preedy EC, Prokopovich P. Success and failure of colloidal approaches in adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 206:265-74. [PMID: 24342736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of cells attached to surfaces, their contributions to biological process may be either a benefit or a threat depending on the microorganism involved and on the type of substrate and environment. Biofilm formation is a complex series of steps; due to the size of microorganisms, the initial phase of biofilm formation, the bacterial adhesion to the surface, has been studied and modeled using theories developed in colloidal science. In this review the application of approaches such as Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (DLVO) theory and its extended version (xDLVO), to bacterial adhesion is described along with the suitability and applicability of such approaches to the investigation of the interface phenomena regulating cells adhesion. A further refinement of the xDLVO theory encompassing the brush model is also discussed. Finally, the evidences of phenomena neglected in colloidal approaches, such as surface heterogeneity and fluid flow, likely to be the source of failure are defined.
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Müller-Renno C, Buhl S, Davoudi N, Aurich JC, Ripperger S, Ulber R, Muffler K, Ziegler C. Novel materials for biofilm reactors and their characterization. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:207-33. [PMID: 24291814 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The application of adherently growing microorganisms for biotechnological production processes is established, but it is still a niche technology with only a small economic impact. However, novel approaches are under development for new types of biofilm reactors. In this context, increasingly more microstructured metal surfaces are being investigated, and they show positive effects on the bacterial growth and the biofilm establishment. However, for comparison of the data, the different surface materials have to correspond in their different characteristics, such as wettability and chemical composition. Also, new materials, such as plastic composite supports, were developed. To understand the interaction between these new materials and the biofilm-producing microorganisms, different surface science methods have to be applied to reveal a detailed knowledge of the surface characteristics. In conclusion, microstructured surfaces show a high potential for enhanced biofilm growth, probably accompanied by an enhanced productivity of the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Müller-Renno
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany,
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Huang R, Carney RP, Stellacci F, Lau BLT. Colloidal stability of self-assembled monolayer-coated gold nanoparticles: the effects of surface compositional and structural heterogeneity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11560-11566. [PMID: 23944688 DOI: 10.1021/la4020674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface heterogeneity plays an important role in controlling colloidal phenomena. This study investigated the self-aggregation and bacterial adsorption of self-assembled monolayer coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different surface compositional and structural heterogeneity. Evaluation was performed on AuNPs coated with (1) one ligand with charged terminals (MUS), (2) two homogeneously distributed ligands with respectively charged and nonpolar terminals (brOT) and (3) two ligands with respectively charged and nonpolar terminals with stripe-like distribution (OT). The brOT particles have less negative electrophoretic mobility (EPM) values, smaller critical coagulation concentration (CCC) and larger adsorption rate on Escherichia coli than that of AuNPs with homogeneously charged groups, in good agreement with DLVO predictions. Although the ligand composition on the surface of AuNPs is the same, OT particles have less negative EPM values and faster rate of bacterial adsorption, but much larger CCC compared to brOT. The deviation of OT particles from brOT and MUS in their self-aggregation behavior reflects the effects of surface heterogeneity on electrical double layer structures at the interface. Results from the present study demonstrated that, besides chemical composition, organization of ligands on particle surface is important in determining their colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixiang Huang
- Department of Geology, Baylor University , One Bear Place #97354 Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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33
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Adhesion of B. subtilis spores and vegetative cells onto stainless steel – DLVO theories and AFM spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 405:233-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Dufrêne YF, Martínez-Martín D, Medalsy I, Alsteens D, Müller DJ. Multiparametric imaging of biological systems by force-distance curve–based AFM. Nat Methods 2013; 10:847-54. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Eskhan AO, Abu-Lail NI. Cellular and molecular investigations of the adhesion and mechanics of Listeria monocytogenes lineages' I and II environmental and epidemic strains. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 394:554-63. [PMID: 23261349 PMCID: PMC3570727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to probe the mechanical and adherence properties of eight Listeria monocytogenes' strains representative of the species' two phylogenetic lineages I and II. From a functional perspective, lineage' I strains were characterized by lower overall adhesion forces and higher specific and nonspecific forces compared to lineage' II strains. From a structural perspective, lineage' II strains were characterized by higher Young's moduli and longer and stiffer biopolymers compared to lineage' I strains. Both lineages' I and II strains were similar in their grafting densities. Finally, our results indicated that epidemic and environmental strains of L. monocytogenes and irrespective of their lineage group were characterized by similar Young's moduli of elasticities and adhesion forces at the cellular level. However, at the molecular level, epidemic strains were characterized by higher specific and nonspecific forces, shorter, denser, and more flexible biopolymers compared to environmental strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma O. Eskhan
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2710
| | - Nehal I. Abu-Lail
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2710
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36
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Gordesli FP, Abu-Lail NI. Impact of ionic strength of growth on the physiochemical properties, structure, and adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes polyelectrolyte brushes to a silicon nitride surface in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 388:257-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Dorobantu LS, Goss GG, Burrell RE. Atomic force microscopy: A nanoscopic view of microbial cell surfaces. Micron 2012; 43:1312-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Das SK, Shome I, Guha AK. Biotechnological Potential of Soil Isolate,Flavobacterium mizutaiifor Removal of Azo Dyes: Kinetics, Isotherm, and Microscopic Study. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2012.663446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Gordesli FP, Abu-Lail NI. The role of growth temperature in the adhesion and mechanics of pathogenic L. monocytogenes: an AFM study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1360-1373. [PMID: 22133148 DOI: 10.1021/la203639k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion strengths of pathogenic L. monocytogenes EGDe to a model surface of silicon nitride were quantified using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in water for cells grown under five different temperatures (10, 20, 30, 37, and 40 °C). The temperature range investigated was chosen to bracket the thermal conditions in which L. monocytogenes survive in the environment. Our results indicated that adhesion force and energy quantified were at their maximum when the bacteria were grown at 30 °C. The higher adhesion observed at 30 °C compared to the adhesion quantified for bacterial cells grown at 37, 40, 20, and 10 °C was associated with longer and denser bacterial surface biopolymer brushes as predicted from fitting a model of steric repulsion to the approach distance-force data as well from the results of protein colorimetric assays. Theoretically predicted adhesion energies based on soft-particle DLVO theory agreed well with the adhesion energies computed from AFM force-distance retraction data (r(2) = 0.94); showing a minimum energy barrier to adhesion at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Pinar Gordesli
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2710, USA
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40
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Jacquet T, Cailliez-Grimal C, Borges F, Gaiani C, Francius G, Duval J, Waldvogel Y, Revol-Junelles AM. Surface properties of bacteria sensitive and resistant to the class IIa carnobacteriocin Cbn BM1. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 112:372-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Abbasnezhad H, Gray M, Foght JM. Influence of adhesion on aerobic biodegradation and bioremediation of liquid hydrocarbons. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:653-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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42
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Chao Y, Zhang T. Optimization of fixation methods for observation of bacterial cell morphology and surface ultrastructures by atomic force microscopy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:381-92. [PMID: 21881891 PMCID: PMC3181414 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Fixation ability of five common fixation solutions, including 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 10% formalin, 4% paraformaldehyde, methanol/acetone (1:1), and ethanol/acetic acid (3:1) were evaluated by using atomic force microscopy in the present study. Three model bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Bacillus subtilis were applied to observe the above fixation methods for the morphology preservation of bacterial cells and surface ultrastructures. All the fixation methods could effectively preserve cell morphology. However, for preserving bacterial surface ultrastructures, the methods applying aldehyde fixations performed much better than those using alcohols, since the alcohols could detach the surface filaments (i.e., flagella and pili) significantly. Based on the quantitative and qualitative assessments, the 2.5% glutaraldehyde was proposed as a promising fixation solution both for observing morphology of both bacterial cell and surface ultrastructures, while the methonal/acetone mixture was the worst fixation solution which may obtain unreliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Chao
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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43
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Harimawan A, Rajasekar A, Ting YP. Bacteria attachment to surfaces--AFM force spectroscopy and physicochemical analyses. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 364:213-8. [PMID: 21889162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding bacterial adhesion to surfaces requires knowledge of the forces that govern bacterial-surface interactions. Biofilm formation on stainless steel 316 (SS316) by three bacterial species was investigated by examining surface force interaction between the cells and metal surface using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Bacterial-metal adhesion force was quantified at different surface delay time from 0 to 60s using AFM tip coated with three different bacterial species: Gram-negative Massilia timonae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. The results revealed that bacterial adhesion forces on SS316 surface by Gram-negative bacteria is higher (8.53±1.40 nN and 7.88±0.94 nN) when compared to Gram-positive bacteria (1.44±0.21 nN). Physicochemical analysis on bacterial surface properties also revealed that M. timonae and P. aeruginosa showed higher hydrophobicity and surface charges than B. subtilis along with the capability of producing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The higher hydrophobicity, surface charges, and greater propensity to form EPS by M. timonae and P. aeruginosa led to high adhesive force on the metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardiyan Harimawan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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44
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Chatterjee R, Mitra SK, Bhattacharjee S. Particle deposition onto Janus and patchy spherical collectors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8787-8797. [PMID: 21675730 DOI: 10.1021/la201421n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An Eulerian model (convection-diffusion-migration equation) is presented to study colloid deposition behavior on Janus and patchy spherical collectors using Happel cell geometry. The model aims to capture the effect of the collector surface charge heterogeneity on the particle deposition rate. Two separate cases of surface charge distribution are presented. In the first case, the surface heterogeneity is modeled as half the collector favoring deposition and the other half hindering it (Janus collectors). For the second case, the surface heterogeneity is modeled as alternate stripes of attractive and repulsive regions on the collector (patchy collectors). The model also considers fluid flow approaching the collector at different angles in addition to the standard gravity assisted and gravity hindered flow conditions to analyze the effect of the collector orientation on the deposition. It was observed that particles tend to deposit at the edges of the favorable stripes and the extent of this preferential accumulation varies along the tangential position of the collector due to the nonuniform nature of the collector. The predicted deposition behavior is compared to the patchwise heterogeneity model. The study brings to fore how recent developments in synthesis of chemically heterogeneous particles and beads can be used for improved particle capture in porous media and for designing filter beds with enhanced life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeshav Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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45
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Park BJ, Abu-Lail NI. Atomic force microscopy investigations of heterogeneities in the adhesion energies measured between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria species and silicon nitride as they correlate to virulence and adherence. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:543-59. [PMID: 21623482 PMCID: PMC3172993 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.584129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to probe heterogeneities in adhesion energies measured between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of Listeria and silicon nitride in water at four levels. Adhesion energies were quantified on individual bacterial cells (cell level), bacterial cells that belonged to an individual Listeria strain but varied in their cultures (strain level), bacterial cells that belonged to an individual Listeria species but varied in their strain type (species level) and on bacterial cells that belonged to the Listeria genus but varied in their species type (genus level). To quantify heterogeneities in the adhesion energies, a heterogeneity index (HI) was defined based on quantified standard errors of mean. At the cell level, spatial variations in the adhesion energies were not observed. For the strain, species, and genus levels, the HI increased with increased adhesion energies. At the species level, the HI increased with strain virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Jae Park
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2710, USA
| | - Nehal I. Abu-Lail
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2710, USA
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46
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Dupres V, Alsteens D, Andre G, Dufrêne YF. Microbial nanoscopy: a closer look at microbial cell surfaces. Trends Microbiol 2010; 18:397-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool for microbiological investigation. This versatile technique cannot only image cellular surfaces at high resolution, but also measure many forms of fundamental interactions over scales ranging from molecules to cells. In this work, we review the recent development of AFM applications in the microbial area. We discuss several approaches for using AFM scanning images to investigate morphological characteristics of microbes and the use of force-distance curves to investigate interaction of microbial samples at the nanometer and cellular levels. Complementary techniques used in combination with AFM for study of microbes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Liu
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5417, USA
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48
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Dorobantu LS, Gray MR. Application of atomic force microscopy in bacterial research. SCANNING 2010; 32:74-96. [PMID: 20695026 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) has evolved from an imaging device into a multifunctional and powerful toolkit for probing the nanostructures and surface components on the exterior of bacterial cells. Currently, the area of application spans a broad range of interesting fields from materials sciences, in which AFM has been used to deposit patterns of thiol-functionalized molecules onto gold substrates, to biological sciences, in which AFM has been employed to study the undesirable bacterial adhesion to implants and catheters or the essential bacterial adhesion to contaminated soil or aquifers. The unique attribute of AFM is the ability to image bacterial surface features, to measure interaction forces of functionalized probes with these features, and to manipulate these features, for example, by measuring elongation forces under physiological conditions and at high lateral resolution (<1 A). The first imaging studies showed the morphology of various biomolecules followed by rapid progress in visualizing whole bacterial cells. The AFM technique gradually developed into a lab-on-a-tip allowing more quantitative analysis of bacterial samples in aqueous liquids and non-contact modes. Recently, force spectroscopy modes, such as chemical force microscopy, single-cell force spectroscopy, and single-molecule force spectroscopy, have been used to map the spatial arrangement of chemical groups and electrical charges on bacterial surfaces, to measure cell-cell interactions, and to stretch biomolecules. In this review, we present the fascinating options offered by the rapid advances in AFM with emphasizes on bacterial research and provide a background for the exciting research articles to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana S Dorobantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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49
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Goldsbury CS, Scheuring S, Kreplak L. Introduction to Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; Chapter 17:17.7.1-17.7.19. [DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1707s58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Kreplak
- Dalhousie University, Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science Halifax Canada
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50
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Duffadar R, Kalasin S, Davis JM, Santore MM. The impact of nanoscale chemical features on micron-scale adhesion: Crossover from heterogeneity-dominated to mean-field behavior. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 337:396-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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