1
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Goodwin MJ, Dickenson JC, Ripak A, Deetz AM, McCarthy JS, Meyer GJ, Troian-Gautier L. Factors that Impact Photochemical Cage Escape Yields. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7379-7464. [PMID: 38743869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of visible light to mediate chemical reactions in fluid solutions has applications that range from solar fuel production to medicine and organic synthesis. These reactions are typically initiated by electron transfer between a photoexcited dye molecule (a photosensitizer) and a redox-active quencher to yield radical pairs that are intimately associated within a solvent cage. Many of these radicals undergo rapid thermodynamically favored "geminate" recombination and do not diffuse out of the solvent cage that surrounds them. Those that do escape the cage are useful reagents that may undergo subsequent reactions important to the above-mentioned applications. The cage escape process and the factors that determine the yields remain poorly understood despite decades of research motivated by their practical and fundamental importance. Herein, state-of-the-art research on light-induced electron transfer and cage escape that has appeared since the seminal 1972 review by J. P. Lorand entitled "The Cage Effect" is reviewed. This review also provides some background for those new to the field and discusses the cage escape process of both homolytic bond photodissociation and bimolecular light induced electron transfer reactions. The review concludes with some key goals and directions for future research that promise to elevate this very vibrant field to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexia Ripak
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexander M Deetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jackson S McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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2
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Mustafa FM, Abdel Khalek AA, Mahboob AA, Abdel-Latif MK. Designing Efficient Metal-Free Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Detailed Computational Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6177. [PMID: 37687006 PMCID: PMC10488533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of molecular characteristics in metal-free organic dyes holds significant importance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The D-π-A molecular design, based on the furan moiety (π) in the conjugated spacer between the arylamine (D) and the 2-cyanoacrylic acid (A), was developed and theoretically evaluated for its potential application in DSSCs. Utilizing linear response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) with the CAM-B3LYP functional, different donor and acceptor groups were characterized in terms of the electronic absorption properties of these dyes. All the studied dye sensitizers demonstrate the ability to inject electrons into the semiconductor's conduction band (TiO2) and undergo regeneration through the redox potential triiodide/iodide (I3-/I-) electrode. TDDFT results indicate that the dyes with CSSH anchoring groups exhibit improved optoelectronic properties compared to other dyes. Further, the photophysical properties of all dyes absorbed on a Ti(OH)4 model were explored and reported. The observed results indicate that bidentate chemisorption occurs between dyes and TiO4H5. Furthermore, the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps for almost all dye complexes are significantly smaller than those of the free dyes. This decrease of the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps in the dye complexes facilitates electron excitation, and thus more photons can be adsorbed, guaranteeing larger values of efficiency and short-circuit current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M. Mustafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City 62521, Egypt; (F.M.M.); (A.A.A.K.)
| | - Ahmed A. Abdel Khalek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City 62521, Egypt; (F.M.M.); (A.A.A.K.)
| | - Abdulla Azzam Mahboob
- Chemistry Department, Collage of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mahmoud K. Abdel-Latif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City 62521, Egypt; (F.M.M.); (A.A.A.K.)
- Chemistry Department, Collage of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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3
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Cho I, Mozer AJ. Effect of Molecular Structure on Interfacial Electron Transfer Kinetics in the Framework of Classical Marcus Theory. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Cho
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute Innovation Campus Squires Way North Wollongong NSW 2500
| | - Attila J. Mozer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute Innovation Campus Squires Way North Wollongong NSW 2500
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4
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Yang AN, Lin JT, Li CT. Electroactive and Sustainable Cu-MOF/PEDOT Composite Electrocatalysts for Multiple Redox Mediators and for High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8435-8444. [PMID: 33570924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An electrically conductive Cu-MOF, {[Cu2(6-mercaptonicotinic acid)(6-mercaptonicotinate)]·NH4}n, was successfully electrodeposited on the conductive substrates via using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the binder. Multiple functionalities of the Cu-MOF microparticle within the Cu-MOF/PEDOT composite electrode were systematically vindicated as (1) releasing the cohesive strength among the PEDOT matrix, thus enhancing the film adhesion to substrate, (2) providing excellent intrinsic heterogeneous rate constant via lowering the reaction active energy, (3) supplying numerous active sites at the center or edges on its (-Cu-S-)n honeycomb-like planes, (4) facilitating the electron transfer through its two-dimensional (-Cu-S-)n plains, and (5) benefiting the penetration of the redox mediators through its porous frameworks. In multiple redox mediators (i.e., I-/I3-, cobalt(II/III)-complex, and copper(I/II)-complex), the composite Cu-MOF/PEDOT electrode exhibited superior electrocatalyst activity and kept almost 100% of its initial redox peak currents after continuous cyclic voltammetric scanning for 300 cycles. As a high-performance electrocatalyst for the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the composite Cu-MOF/PEDOT electrode rendered its cell a decent solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency of up to 9.45% at 1 sun and 22.80% at room light illumination. Compared to the traditional platinum electrode (7.67%), the low-cost Cu-MOF/PEDOT composite electrode has great possibility to be used for various electrochemical devices and the Internet-of-things applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Nin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Jiann T Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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5
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Kessinger MC, Brillhart C, Vaissier Welborn V, Morris AJ. The effect of inner-sphere reorganization on charge separated state lifetimes at sensitized TiO 2 interfaces. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124711. [PMID: 33003711 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of photo-electrocatalytic cells depends on controlling the rates of interfacial electron transfer to promote the formation of long-lived charge separated states. Ultimately, for efficient catalytic assemblies to see widespread implementation, repeated electron transfer in the absence of charge recombination needs to be realized. In this study, a series of manganese-based transition metal complexes known to undergo charge transfer-induced spin crossover are employed to study how significant increases in inner-sphere reorganization energy affect the rates of interfacial electron transfer. Each complex is characterized by transient spectroscopic and electrochemical methods to calculate the rate of electron transfer to a model chromophore anchored to the surface of a TiO2 film. Likewise, open-circuit voltage decay measurements were used to determine the voltage-dependent lifetime of injected electrons in TiO2 in the presence of each complex. To further characterize the rates of electronic recombination, density functional theory was used to calculate the inner-sphere and outer-sphere reorganization energy for each complex. These calculations were then combined with classical Marcus theory to determine the theoretical rate of back-electron transfer from the TiO2 conduction band. These results show that, in model complexes, a significant reduction in the recombination rate constant is achieved for complexes possessing a significant inner-sphere reorganization energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Kessinger
- Department of Chemsitry, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - C Brillhart
- Department of Chemsitry, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - V Vaissier Welborn
- Department of Chemsitry, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A J Morris
- Department of Chemsitry, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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6
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Ji JM, Kim SH, Zhou H, Kim CH, Kim HK. D-π-A-Structured Porphyrins with Extended Auxiliary π-Spacers for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24067-24077. [PMID: 31204470 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zn(II)-porphyrin dyes (SGT-030 and SGT-031) with extended auxiliary π-spacers in the donor (D) part have been prepared and applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The porphyrin dyes contained the same D-ethynyl-zinc porphyrinyl (ZnP)-ethynyl-benzothiadiazole-acceptor platform, but their donor groups varied from phenylene (Ph) in SGT-053 as a reference dye to the thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (TBT) and 4-hexyl-4H-thieno[3,2-b]indole (TI) moieties in SGT-030 and SGT-031, respectively. The effects of the extended auxiliary π-spacer in the D-π-A-structured porphyrin sensitizers on the molecular and photovoltaic properties were investigated via photophysical and electrochemical experiments as well as theoretical calculations. With the trend in conjugation length (Ph < TBT ≈ TI) and the donating ability of the π-spacer (Ph < TBT < TI), the absorption maxima and molecular absorptivity increased in the order SGT-053 (Ph) < SGT-030 (TBT) < SGT-031 (TI). The incorporation of TBT and TI promoted significant enhancements in the light-harvesting properties by reducing the energy gap and efficiently improving electronic communication. The DSSCs based on SGT-030 (10.80%) and SGT-031 (10.89%) with coadsorption of 4-(3,6-bis(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzoic acid in conjunction with the [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+-based electrolyte showed better power conversion efficiency than that of SGT-053 (9.10%). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis unveiled that the difference in Jsc and Voc originates mainly from the twisted orientation between D and ZnP by the introduction of TBT and TI. This result indicated that the introduction of an extended auxiliary π-spacer in the donor part is a rational molecular design approach to improve photovoltaic performance by enhancing the light-harvesting ability and hindering charge recombination on the TiO2 photoanode.
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7
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Du Y, Sheng H, Astruc D, Zhu M. Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters as Efficient Catalysts: A Bridge between Structure and Properties. Chem Rev 2019; 120:526-622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Didier Astruc
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Talence 33405 Cedex, France
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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8
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Troian-Gautier L, DiMarco BN, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Meyer GJ. Evidence that ΔS‡ Controls Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics from Anatase TiO2 to Molecular Acceptors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3019-3029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brian N. DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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9
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DiMarco BN, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Meyer GJ. Dye-sensitized electron transfer from TiO 2 to oxidized triphenylamines that follows first-order kinetics. Chem Sci 2018; 9:940-949. [PMID: 29629161 PMCID: PMC5874694 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two sensitizers, [Ru(bpy)2(dcb)]2+ (RuC) and [Ru(bpy)2(dpb)]2+ (RuP), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, dcb is 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine and dpb is 4,4'-diphosphonic acid-2,2'-bipyridine, were anchored to mesoporous TiO2 thin films and utilized to sensitize the reaction of TiO2 electrons with oxidized triphenylamines, TiO2(e-) + TPA+ → TiO2 + TPA, to visible light in CH3CN electrolytes. A family of four symmetrically substituted triphenylamines (TPAs) with formal Eo(TPA+/0) reduction potentials that spanned a 0.5 eV range was investigated. Surprisingly, the reaction followed first-order kinetics for two TPAs that provided the largest thermodynamic driving force. Such first-order reactivity indicates a strong Coulombic interaction between TPA+ and TiO2 that enables the injected electron to tunnel back in one concerted step. The kinetics for the other TPA derivatives were non-exponential and were modelled with the Kohlrausch-William-Watts (KWW) function. A Perrin-like reaction sphere model is proposed to rationalize the kinetic data. The activation energies were the same for all of the TPAs, within experimental error. The average rate constants were found to increase with the thermodynamic driving force, consistent with electron transfer in the Marcus normal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
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10
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Chen KY, Schauer PA, Patrick BO, Berlinguette CP. Correlating cobalt redox couples to photovoltage in the dye-sensitized solar cell. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11942-11952. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two sets of structurally analogous Co(iii/ii)-based redox mediators were incorporated in the dye-sensitized solar cells and a linear correlation was demonstrated between redox potential and photovoltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty Y. Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Phil A. Schauer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Curtis P. Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering
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11
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12
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Baillargeon J, Xie Y, Hamann TW. Bifurcation of Regeneration and Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells via Electronic Manipulation of Tandem Cobalt Redox Shuttles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33544-33548. [PMID: 28340299 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt(IV/III) redox shuttle, cobalt tris(2-(p-tolyl)pyridine), [Co(ptpy)3]+/0, was synthesized and investigated for use in dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs. An incredibly fast self-exchange rate constant of (9.2 ± 3.9) × 108 M-1 s-1 was determined for [Co(ptpy)3]+/0, making it an ideal candidate for dye regeneration. To avoid fast recombination and solubility limitations, we utilized a tandem electrolyte containing [Co(ptpy)3]+/0 and cobalt tris(2,2'-bipyridine), [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+. An improved short circuit current density is achieved for DSSCs employing the tandem electrolyte, compared to electrolytes containing only [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+, consistent with superior dye regeneration expected based on predictions using Marcus theory, which is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Baillargeon
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Yuling Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Thomas W Hamann
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
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13
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Al-Alwani MA, Mohamad AB, Ludin NA, Kadhum AAH, Sopian K. Dye-sensitised solar cells: Development, structure, operation principles, electron kinetics, characterisation, synthesis materials and natural photosensitisers. RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2016; 65:183-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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14
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Kamire RJ, Majewski MB, Hoffeditz WL, Phelan BT, Farha OK, Hupp JT, Wasielewski MR. Photodriven hydrogen evolution by molecular catalysts using Al 2O 3-protected perylene-3,4-dicarboximide on NiO electrodes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:541-549. [PMID: 28616134 PMCID: PMC5458681 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodriven charge transfer dynamics are described for an atomic layer deposition-stabilized, organic dye-sensitized photocathode architecture that produces hydrogen.
The design of efficient hydrogen-evolving photocathodes for dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) requires the incorporation of molecular light absorbing chromophores that are capable of delivering reducing equivalents to molecular proton reduction catalysts at rates exceeding those of charge recombination events. Here, we report the functionalization and kinetic analysis of a nanostructured NiO electrode with a modified perylene-3,4-dicarboximide chromophore (PMI) that is stabilized against degradation by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thick insulating Al2O3 layers. Following photoinduced charge injection into NiO in high yield, films with Al2O3 layers demonstrate longer charge separated lifetimes as characterized via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical techniques. The photoelectrochemical behavior of the electrodes in the presence of Co(ii) and Ni(ii) molecular proton reduction catalysts is examined, revealing reduction of both catalysts. Under prolonged irradiation, evolved H2 is directly observed by gas chromatography supporting the applicability of PMI embedded in Al2O3 as a photocathode architecture in DSPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Kamire
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Marek B Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
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15
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Murakami TN, Koumura N, Yoshida E, Funaki T, Takano S, Kimura M, Mori S. An Alkyloxyphenyl Group as a Sterically Hindered Substituent on a Triphenylamine Donor Dye for Effective Recombination Inhibition in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1178-1183. [PMID: 26672394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recombination reactions in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) may substantially decrease the open-circuit voltage (Voc) with cobalt complex redox electrolyte. Managing steric hindrance in the dye structure is necessary to inhibit recombination reactions and thereby increase the Voc and achieve high power-conversion efficiency (PCE). New dyes with large-sized donors based on triphenylamine and modified with 4-(hexyloxy)phenyl groups were developed to identify an effective inhibitor for the recombination reaction in DSSCs with a cobalt complex redox electrolyte. The 4-(hexyloxy)phenyl tetra-adducts dye MK-123 effectively inhibited the recombination reaction, and the DSSC fabricated using this dye exhibited the highest Voc (greater than 900 mV) among the cells with the investigated dyes. However, the short-circuit current (Jsc) of the MK-123 cell was lower than that of the cell with the simple triphenylamine donor dye, MK-89. In contrast, the cell with bis-adducts dye MK-136 also exhibited an increase in its Voc without a decrease in its Jsc. Among the investigated dyes, MK-136 exhibited the highest PCE of 8.9%. The effects of the steric hindrance of the 4-(hexyloxy)phenyl substituent are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takurou N Murakami
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Koumura
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Eri Yoshida
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Funaki
- Research Center for Photovoltaics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shingo Takano
- New Technology Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd., 585 Toyotomi, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8601, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shogo Mori
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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16
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Wu X, Zheng J, Luo G, Zhu D, Xu C. Photoelectrochromic devices based on cobalt complex electrolytes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17666f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three cobalt complexes are introduced into a PECD as the redox couples and a self-powered coloring/bleaching process of cobalt electrolyte-based PECDs is achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
| | - Gui Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
| | - Dan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- PR China
| | - Chunye Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
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17
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Abbas MA, Kim TY, Lee SU, Kang YS, Bang JH. Exploring Interfacial Events in Gold-Nanocluster-Sensitized Solar Cells: Insights into the Effects of the Cluster Size and Electrolyte on Solar Cell Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:390-401. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Abbas
- Department
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro,
Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tea-Yon Kim
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Uck Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kang
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Bang
- Department
of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro,
Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ballard N, Mecerreyes D, Asua JM. Redox Active Compounds in Controlled Radical Polymerization and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Mutual Solutions to Disparate Problems. Chemistry 2015; 21:18516-27. [PMID: 26449200 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are two fields of research that at an initial glance appear to have little in common. However, despite their obvious differences, both in application and in scientific nature, a closer look reveals a striking similarity between many of the compounds widely used as control agents in radical polymerization and as redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells. Herein, we review the various redox active compounds used and examine the characteristics that give them the ability to perform this dual function. In addition we explore the advances in the understanding of the structural features that enhance their activity in both CRP and DSSCs. It is hoped that such a comparison will be conducive to improving process performance in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018 (Spain).
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018 (Spain)
| | - José M Asua
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018 (Spain)
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19
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Jiang D, Darabedian N, Ghazarian S, Hao Y, Zhgamadze M, Majaryan N, Shen R, Zhou F. Dyes and Redox Couples with Matched Energy Levels: Elimination of the Dye-Regeneration Energy Loss in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3385-8. [PMID: 26314383 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), a significant dye-regeneration force (ΔG(reg)(0)≥0.5 eV) is usually required for effective dye regeneration, which results in a major energy loss and limits the energy-conversion efficiency of state-of-art DSSCs. We demonstrate that when dye molecules and redox couples that possess similar conjugated ligands are used, efficient dye regeneration occurs with zero or close-to-zero driving force. By using Ru(dcbpy)(bpy)2(2+) as the dye and Ru(bpy)2(MeIm)2(3+//2+) as the redox couple, a short-circuit current (J(sc)) of 4 mA cm(-2) and an open-circuit voltage (V(oc)) of 0.9 V were obtained with a ΔG(reg)(0) of 0.07 eV. The same was observed for the N3 dye and Ru(bpy)2(SCN)2(1+/0) (ΔG(reg)(0)=0.0 eV), which produced an J(sc) of 2.5 mA cm(-2) and V(oc) of 0.6 V. Charge recombination occurs at pinholes, limiting the performance of the cells. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that high V(oc) values can be attained by significantly curtailing the dye-regeneration force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianlu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Narek Darabedian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Sevak Ghazarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Maxim Zhgamadze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Natalie Majaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Rujuan Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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20
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Giribabu L, Bolligarla R, Panigrahi M. Recent Advances of Cobalt(II/III) Redox Couples for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications. CHEM REC 2015; 15:760-88. [PMID: 26081939 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as one of the alternatives for the global energy crisis. DSSCs have achieved a certified efficiency of >11% by using the I(-) /I3 (-) redox couple. In order to commercialize the technology almost all components of the device have to be improved. Among the various components of DSSCs, the redox couple that regenerates the oxidized sensitizer plays a crucial role in achieving high efficiency and durability of the cell. However, the I(-) /I3 (-) redox couple has certain limitations such as the absorption of triiodide up to 430 nm and the volatile nature of iodine, which also corrodes the silver-based current collectors. These limitations are obstructing the commercialization of this technology. For this reason, one has to identify alternative redox couples. In this regard, the Co(II/III) redox couple is found to be the best alternative to the existing I(-) /I3 (-) redox couple. Recently, DSSC test cell efficiency has risen up to 13% by using the cobalt redox couple. This review emphasizes the recent development of Co(II/III) redox couples for DSSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingamallu Giribabu
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and CSIR-Network Institutes for Solar Energy (CSIR-NISE), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Ramababu Bolligarla
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and CSIR-Network Institutes for Solar Energy (CSIR-NISE), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Mallika Panigrahi
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology and CSIR-Network Institutes for Solar Energy (CSIR-NISE), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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21
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Zhang X, Mao J, Wang D, Li X, Yang J, Shen Z, Wu W, Li J, Ågren H, Hua J. Comparative study on pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-based sensitizers by tuning bulky donors for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2760-2771. [PMID: 25580622 DOI: 10.1021/am507824h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with cobalt electrolytes have gained increasing attention. In this Research Article, two new pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine-based sensitizers with different cores of bulky donors (indoline for DT-1 and triphenylamine for DT-2) were designed and synthesized for a comparative study of their photophysical and electrochemical properties and device performance and were also analyzed through density functional theory calculations. The results of density function theory calculations reveal the limited electronic communication between the biphenyl branch at the cis-position of N-phenylindoline and the indoline core, which could act as an insulating blocking group and inhibit the dye aggregation and charge recombination at the interface of TiO2/dye/electrolyte. As expected, DSSCs based on DT-1 with cobalt redox electrolyte gained a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency of 8.57% under standard AM 1.5 G simulated sunlight, with Jsc = 16.08 mA cm(-2), Voc = 802 mV, and FF = 0.66. Both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) suggest that charge recombination in DSSCs based on DT-1 is much less than that in their counterparts of DT-2, owing to the bigger donor size and the insulating blocking branch in the donor of DT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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22
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Omata K, Kuwahara S, Katayama K, Qing S, Toyoda T, Lee KM, Wu CG. The cause for the low efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells with a combination of ruthenium dyes and cobalt redox. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:10170-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05981f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
What makes the efficiency of the solar cell lower for the Ru dye and the Co redox combination?
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Omata
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Chuo University
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Shota Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Chuo University
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Kenji Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Chuo University
- Bunkyo
- Japan
| | - Shen Qing
- Department of Engineering Science
- The University of Electro-Communications
- Chofu
- Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Department of Engineering Science
- The University of Electro-Communications
- Chofu
- Japan
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Advanced Laboratory of Accomodation and Research for Organic PhotoVoltaics
- National Central University
- Zhongli
- Taiwan
| | - Chun-Guey Wu
- Advanced Laboratory of Accomodation and Research for Organic PhotoVoltaics
- National Central University
- Zhongli
- Taiwan
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23
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Li X, Zhou Y, Chen J, Yang J, Zheng Z, Wu W, Hua J, Tian H. Stacked graphene platelet nanofibers dispersed in the liquid electrolyte of highly efficient cobalt-mediator-based dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10349-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02504d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stacked graphene platelet nanofibers (SGNF) dispersed in the electrolyte of dye-sensitized solar cells can efficiently improve their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jue Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jiabao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jianli Hua
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
- Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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24
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Pashaei B, Shahroosvand H, Abbasi P. Transition metal complex redox shuttles for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an in-depth investigation into exciting alternative electrolyte shuttles in DSSCs and the various advantages that they provide, such as high conversion efficiency and non-corrosive properties.
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25
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Shu T, Li X, Ku ZL, Wang S, Wu S, Jin XH, Hu CD. Improved efficiency of CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cell with an organic redox couple and a polymer counter electrode. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Hilmi A, Shoker TA, Ghaddar TH. Universal low-temperature MWCNT-COOH-based counter electrode and a new thiolate/disulfide electrolyte system for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:8744-8753. [PMID: 24819923 DOI: 10.1021/am501520s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new thiolate/disulfide organic-based electrolyte system composed of the tetrabutylammonium salt of 2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiol (S(-)) and its oxidized form 3,3'-dithiobis(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-2H-[1,2,4]triazole) (DS) has been formulated and used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The electrocatalytic activity of different counter electrodes (CEs) has been evaluated by means of measuring J-V curves, cyclic voltammetry, Tafel plots, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A stable and low-temperature CE based on acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) was investigated with our S(-)/DS, I(-)/I3(-), T(-)/T2, and Co(II/III)-based electrolyte systems. The proposed CE showed superb electrocatalytic activity toward the regeneration of the different electrolytes. In addition, good stability of solar cell devices based on the reported electrolyte and CE was shown.
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27
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Yang J, Ganesan P, Teuscher J, Moehl T, Kim YJ, Yi C, Comte P, Pei K, Holcombe TW, Nazeeruddin MK, Hua J, Zakeeruddin SM, Tian H, Grätzel M. Influence of the donor size in D-π-A organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5722-30. [PMID: 24655036 DOI: 10.1021/ja500280r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report two new molecularly engineered push-pull dyes, i.e., YA421 and YA422, based on substituted quinoxaline as a π-conjugating linker and bulky-indoline moiety as donor and compared with reported IQ4 dye. Benefitting from increased steric hindrance with the introduction of bis(2,4-dihexyloxy)benzene substitution on the quinoxaline, the electron recombination between redox electrolyte and the TiO2 surface is reduced, especially in redox electrolyte employing Co(II/III) complexes as redox shuttles. It was found that the open circuit photovoltages of IQ4, YA421, and YA422 devices with cobalt-based electrolyte are higher than those with iodide/triiodide electrolyte by 34, 62, and 135 mV, respectively. Moreover, the cells employing graphene nanoplatelets on top of gold spattered film as a counter electrode (CE) show lower charge-transfer resistance compared to platinum as a CE. Consequently, YA422 devices deliver the best power conversion efficiency due to higher fill factor, reaching 10.65% at AM 1.5 simulated sunlight. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy analysis were performed to understand the electrolyte influence on the device performances with different counter electrode materials and donor structures of donor-π-acceptor dyes. Laser flash photolysis experiments indicate that even though the dye regeneration of YA422 is slower than that of the other two dyes, the slower back electron transfer of YA422 contributes to the higher device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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28
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Murakami TN, Koumura N, Kimura M, Mori S. Structural effect of donor in organic dye on recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells with cobalt complex electrolyte. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2274-2279. [PMID: 24533669 DOI: 10.1021/la4047808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the donor in an organic dye on the electron lifetime of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) employing a cobalt redox electrolyte was investigated. We synthesized organic dyes with donor moieties of carbazole, coumarin, triphenylamine, and N-phenyl-carbazole and measured the current-voltage characteristics and electron lifetimes of the DSSCs with these dyes. The cell with the triphenylamine donor dye produced the highest open circuit voltage and longest electron lifetime. On the other hand, the lowest open circuit voltage and shortest electron lifetime was obtained with coumarin donor dye, suggesting that the coumarin attracted the cobalt redox couples to the surface of the TiO2 layer, thus increasing the concentration of cobalt complex. On the other hand, the longest electron lifetime with triphenylamine was attributed to the blocking effect by steric hindrance of the nonplanar structure of the donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takurou N Murakami
- Research Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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29
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Prasittichai C, Avila JR, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Systematic Modulation of Quantum (Electron) Tunneling Behavior by Atomic Layer Deposition on Nanoparticulate SnO2 and TiO2 Photoanodes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16328-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4089555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaiya Prasittichai
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jason R. Avila
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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30
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Tuning the electrochemistry of homoleptic cobalt 4,4′-disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridine redox mediators. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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32
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Liu Y, Jennings JR, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Wang Q. Heterogeneous Electron Transfer from Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 to [Co(bpy)3]3+: Insights Gained from Impedance Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3939-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja311743m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeru Liu
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - James R. Jennings
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces,
Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces,
Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qing Wang
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
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33
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Pt and TCO free hybrid bilayer silver nanowire–graphene counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Katz MJ, Vermeer MJD, Farha OK, Pellin MJ, Hupp JT. Effects of adsorbed pyridine derivatives and ultrathin atomic-layer-deposited alumina coatings on the conduction band-edge energy of TiO2 and on redox-shuttle-derived dark currents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:806-814. [PMID: 23244696 DOI: 10.1021/la303962y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Both the adsorption of t-butylpyridine and the atomic-layer deposition of ultrathin conformal coatings of insulators (such as alumina) are known to boost open-circuit photovoltages substantially for dye-sensitized solar cells. One attractive interpretation is that these modifiers significantly shift the conduction-edge energy of the electrode, thereby shifting the onset potential for dark current arising from the interception of injected electrons by solution-phase redox shuttle components such as Co(phenanthroline)(3)(3+) and triiodide. For standard, high-area, nanoporous photoelectrodes, band-edge energies are difficult to measure directly. In contrast, for flat electrodes they are readily accessible from Mott-Schottky analyses of impedance data. Using such electrodes (specifically TiO(2)), we find that neither organic nor inorganic electrode-surface modifiers shift the conduction-band-edge energy sufficiently to account fully for the beneficial effects on electrode behavior (i.e., the suppression of dark current). Additional experiments reveal that the efficacy of ultrathin coatings of Al(2)O(3) arises chiefly from the passivation of redox-catalytic surface states. In contrast, adsorbed t-butylpyridine appears to suppress dark currents mainly by physically blocking access of shuttle molecules to the electrode surface. Studies with other derivatives of pyridine, including sterically and/or electronically diverse derivatives, show that heterocycle adsorption and the concomitant suppression of dark current does not require the coordination of surface Ti(IV) or Al(III) atoms. Notably, the favorable (i.e., negative) shifts in onset potential for the flow of dark current engendered by organic and inorganic surface modifiers are additive. Furthermore, they appear to be largely insensitive to the identity of shuttle molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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35
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Aribia KB, Moehl T, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M. Tridentate cobalt complexes as alternative redox couples for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Bhagavathi Achari M, Elumalai V, Vlachopoulos N, Safdari M, Gao J, Gardner JM, Kloo L. A quasi-liquid polymer-based cobalt redox mediator electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17419-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Ma W, Jiao Y, Meng S. Modeling charge recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells using first-principles electron dynamics: effects of structural modification. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17187-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Bisquert J, Marcus RA. Device Modeling of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 352:325-95. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Mosconi E, Yum JH, Kessler F, Gómez García CJ, Zuccaccia C, Cinti A, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M, De Angelis F. Cobalt Electrolyte/Dye Interactions in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19438-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3079016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for
Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123
Perugia, Italy
| | - Jun-Ho Yum
- Laboratory
for Photonics and
Interfaces, Institution of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School
of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kessler
- Laboratory
for Photonics and
Interfaces, Institution of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School
of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos J. Gómez García
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
Parque Científico, Universidad de Valencia, C/José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Cinti
- Computational Laboratory for
Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123
Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin
- Laboratory
for Photonics and
Interfaces, Institution of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School
of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory
for Photonics and
Interfaces, Institution of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School
of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for
Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics, Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123
Perugia, Italy
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Recent advances and future directions to optimize the performances of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kashif MK, Axelson JC, Duffy NW, Forsyth CM, Chang CJ, Long JR, Spiccia L, Bach U. A New Direction in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Redox Mediator Development: In Situ Fine-Tuning of the Cobalt(II)/(III) Redox Potential through Lewis Base Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16646-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ja305897k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad K. Kashif
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jordan C. Axelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460,
United States
| | - Noel W. Duffy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Energy Technology, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Craig M. Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry and the
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States, and Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460,
United States
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Udo Bach
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria
3168, Australia
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Williams VO, Jeong NC, Prasittichai C, Farha OK, Pellin MJ, Hupp JT. Fast transporting ZnO-TiO2 coaxial photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells based on ALD-modified SiO2 aerogel frameworks. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6185-6196. [PMID: 22721529 DOI: 10.1021/nn3015695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A doubly coaxial photoanode architecture based on templated SiO(2) aerogels was fabricated on transparent conducting oxides for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These templates were coated with ZnO via atomic layer deposition (ALD) to yield an electronically interconnected, low-density, high-surface-area, semiconductor framework. Addition of a thin conformal layer of a second metal oxide (alumina, zirconia, or titania) via ALD was found to suppress the dissolution of ZnO that otherwise occurs when it is soaked in alcohol solutions containing acidic dyes used for sensitization or in acetonitrile solutions containing a pyridine derivative and the iodide/tri-iodide (I(-)/I(-)(3)) redox shuttle. Electron transport in SiO(2)-ZnO-TiO(2) photoelectrodes was found to be nearly 2 orders of magnitude faster than in SiO(2)-TiO(2) structures, implying that the interior ZnO sheath serves as the primary electron conduit. In contrast, rates of electron interception by the oxidized form of the redox shuttle were observed to decrease when a TiO(2) shell was added to SiO(2)-ZnO, with the decreases becoming more significant as the thickness of the titania shell increases. These effects lead to improvements in efficiency for DSSCs that utilize I(-)/I(-)(3), but much larger improvements for DSSCs utilizing ferrocene/ferrocenium, a notoriously fast redox shuttle. For the former, overall energy conversion efficiencies maximize at 4.0%. From a variety of experiments, the primary factor limiting aerogel-based DSSC performance is light loss due to scattering. Nevertheless, variants of the doubly coaxial structure may prove useful in devising DSSCs that can achieve excellent energy conversion efficiencies even with fast redox shuttles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vennesa O Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Argon-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Yum JH, Baranoff E, Kessler F, Moehl T, Ahmad S, Bessho T, Marchioro A, Ghadiri E, Moser JE, Yi C, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M. A cobalt complex redox shuttle for dye-sensitized solar cells with high open-circuit potentials. Nat Commun 2012; 3:631. [PMID: 22252555 PMCID: PMC3272578 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells are a promising alternative to traditional inorganic semiconductor-based solar cells. Here we report an open-circuit voltage of over 1,000 mV in mesoscopic dye-sensitized solar cells incorporating a molecularly engineered cobalt complex as redox mediator. Cobalt complexes have negligible absorption in the visible region of the solar spectrum, and their redox properties can be tuned in a controlled fashion by selecting suitable donor/acceptor substituents on the ligand. This approach offers an attractive alternate to the traditional I3−/I− redox shuttle used in dye-sensitized solar cells. A cobalt complex using tridendate ligands [Co(bpy-pz)2]3+/2+(PF6)3/2 as redox mediator in combination with a cyclopentadithiophene-bridged donor-acceptor dye (Y123), adsorbed on TiO2, yielded a power conversion efficiency of over 10% at 100 mW cm−2. This result indicates that the molecularly engineered cobalt redox shuttle is a legitimate alternative to the commonly used I3−/I− redox shuttle. Dye-sensitized solar cells are a promising alternative to traditional inorganic semiconductor-based solar cells. Yum et al. use a molecularly engineered cobalt complex as a redox mediator to achieve an open-circuit voltage of over 1,000 mV in a mesoscopic dye-sensitized solar cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Yum
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Noureldine D, Shoker T, Musameh M, Ghaddar TH. Investigation of carbon nanotube webs as counter electrodes in a new organic electrolyte based dye sensitized solar cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm15055c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li X, Ku Z, Rong Y, Liu G, Liu L, Liu T, Hu M, Yang Y, Wang H, Xu M, Xiang P, Han H. Design of an organic redox mediator and optimization of an organic counter electrode for efficient transparent bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14383-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Yen YS, Chou HH, Chen YC, Hsu CY, Lin JT. Recent developments in molecule-based organic materials for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30362k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Brennan TP, Bakke JR, Ding IK, Hardin BE, Nguyen WH, Mondal R, Bailie CD, Margulis GY, Hoke ET, Sellinger A, McGehee MD, Bent SF. The importance of dye chemistry and TiCl4 surface treatment in the behavior of Al2O3 recombination barrier layers deposited by atomic layer deposition in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:12130-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42388j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yu Z, Vlachopoulos N, Gorlov M, Kloo L. Liquid electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10289-303. [PMID: 21946839 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present review offers a survey of liquid electrolytes used in dye-sensitized solar cells from the beginning of photoelectrochemical cell research. It handles both the solvents employed, and the prerequisites identified for an ideal liquid solvent, as well as the various effects of electrolyte solutes in terms of redox systems and additives. The conclusions of the present review call for more detailed molecular insight into the electrolyte-electrode interface reactions and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yu
- Inorganic Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Concerted effect of large molecular dyes and bulky cobalt complex redox couple to retard recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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