1
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Winhard B, Gomez-Gomez A, Maragno LG, Gomes DR, Furlan KP. Achieving High-Temperature Stable Structural Color through Nanostructuring in Polymer-Derived Ceramics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22379-22390. [PMID: 38636939 PMCID: PMC11071046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Structural colors offer a myriad of advantages over conventional pigment-based colors, which often rely on toxic chemical substances that are prone to UV degradation. To take advantage of these benefits in demanding environments, there is growing interest in producing structural colors from ceramics. Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) emerge as a compelling choice, presenting two distinct advantages: their enhanced shape ability in their polymeric state associated with impressive temperature resistance once converted to ceramics. This study pioneers the fabrication of noniridescent structural colors from silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) PDC, enabled by the nanostructuring of an inverse photonic glass within the PDC material. This design, a functionally graded material with an inverse photonic glass (FGM-PhG) structure, leverages the innate light-absorbing properties of SiOC, yielding a vivid structural color that maintains its saturation even in white surroundings. This study elucidates the process-structure-properties relationship for the obtained structural colors by investigating each layer of the functionally graded material (FGM) in a stepwise coating deposition process. To further emphasize the exceptional processing flexibility of PDCs, the three-step process is later transferred to an additive manufacturing approach. Finally, the FGM-PhG structural colors are demonstrated to have remarkable thermal stability up to 1000 °C for 100 h, possibly making them the most thermally stable ceramic structural colors to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt
F. Winhard
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Gomez-Gomez
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura G. Maragno
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego Ribas Gomes
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaline P. Furlan
- Hamburg University of Technology,
Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Integrated
Materials Systems Group, Denickestraße 15, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Chin M, Yang T, Quirion KP, Lian C, Liu P, He J, Diao T. Implementing a Doping Approach for Poly(methyl methacrylate) Recycling in a Circular Economy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5786-5792. [PMID: 38382057 PMCID: PMC10921398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate pollution by plastic waste, it is paramount to develop polymers with efficient recyclability while retaining desirable physical properties. A recyclable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is synthesized by incorporating a minimal amount of an α-methylstyrene (AMS) analogue into the polymer structure. This P(MMA-co-AMS) copolymer preserves the essential mechanical strength and optical clarity of PMMA, vital for its wide-ranging applications in various commercial and high-tech industries. Doping with AMS significantly enhances the thermal, catalyst-free depolymerization efficiency of PMMA, facilitating the recovery of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with high yield and purity at temperatures ranging from 150 to 210 °C, nearly 250 K lower than current industrial standards. Furthermore, the low recovery temperature permits the isolation of pure MMA from a mixture of assorted common plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason
T. Chin
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tiangang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kevin P. Quirion
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Christina Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jie He
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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3
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Mushtaq S, Abbas MA, Nasir H, Mahmood A, Iqbal M, Janjua HA, Ahmad NM. Probing the behavior and kinetic studies of amphiphilic acrylate copolymers with bovine serum albumin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4572. [PMID: 36941313 PMCID: PMC10027669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents that acrylate copolymers are the potential candidate against the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). A series of copolymers poly(methyl methacrylate) (pMMA), poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) p(SPMA-co-MMA), and poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) p(DMAEMA-co-MMA) were synthesized via free radical polymerization. These amphiphilic copolymers are thermally stable with a glass transition temperature (Tg) 50-120 °C and observed the impact of surface charge on amphiphilic copolymers to control interactions with the bovine serum albumin (BSA). These copolymers pMD1 and pMS1 have surface charges, - 56.6 and - 72.6 mV at pH 7.4 in PBS buffer solution that controls the adsorption capacity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on polymers surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed minimum roughness of 0.324 nm and 0.474 nm for pMS1 and pMD1. Kinetic studies for BSA adsorption on these amphiphilic copolymers showed the best fitting of the pseudo-first-order model that showed physisorption and attained at 25 °C and pH 7.4 within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Chemical Engineering & Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Muhammad Asad Abbas
- Polymers Research Lab, Polymers and Composites Research Group, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Habib Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hussnain A Janjua
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir M Ahmad
- Polymers Research Lab, Polymers and Composites Research Group, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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4
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Synthesis and Characterization of Electrospun Sorbent for the Solid-Phase Extraction of Fluoroquinolones in Human Plasma and Their UHPLC-PDA Determination. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we investigated the synthesis and the characterization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) stabilized in air, made in a 5:1 ratio, used as sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones in plasma samples and the following quantification in UHPLC-PDA. Preliminary analyses of viscosity were carried out on the polymer solution to be sure about the electrospinability. Characterizations were performed on the electrospun membrane to evaluate the morphology (SEM scanning electron microscopy and AFM atomic force microscopy), the thermal degradation behavior (TGA thermogravimetric analysis), the porosity and the surface area (BET, Brunauer Emmett Teller), and the quantitative and qualitative distribution of atomic structures (FTIR infrared analysis in Fourier transform and EDX Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis). A solid-phase extraction method was developed by studying parameters such as the amount of sorbent and the pH of the sample. Finally, a UHPLC-PDA method for the analysis of fluoroquinolones was developed and validated in accordance with the guidelines and successfully applied. The use of the prepared sorbent combined with UHPLC-PDA has allowed the development of a method whose strengths are its speed, accuracy, sensitivity, and high recoveries.
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5
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Shi H, Zhuang Q, Zheng A, Guan Y, Wei D, Xu X. Radical reaction extrusion copolymerization mechanism of MMA and N-phenylmaleimide and properties of products. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26251-26263. [PMID: 36199612 PMCID: PMC9472613 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the method of bulk reactive extrusion radical copolymerization, N-phenyl maleimide (N-PMI) and styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were copolymerized. Through multi-detection gel permeation chromatography, bulk copolymerization kinetic analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis, it was found that, contrary to the classical free radical copolymerization theory, N-PMI and MMA could not only achieve copolymerization, but could even reach the level of azeotropic copolymerization. The factor that caused this change turned out to be the viscosity of the system. Secondly, through DSC, TG and GC-MS analysis, it was found that N-PMI units were randomly inserted into the molecular chain of PMMA, which greatly improved the stiffness of its molecular segments and the Tg of the copolymer; at the same time, the insertion of N-PMI units also very effectively blocked the zipper-style de-end group degradation that often occurs in PMMA. When the mass content of the N-PMI copolymer reached 10%, the Tg, initial degradation temperature and semi-degradation temperature of the copolymer increased by 19 °C, 58 °C and 47 °C, respectively. In addition, St, N-PMI can also significantly improve the processing fluidity of the PMMA copolymer, and after St participates were introduced in the copolymerization, the melt flow rate can be increased by 3.5 times. Furthermore, the copolymer not only had good mechanical properties and transparency, but also had excellent antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus with only the effect of trace residual N-PMI in the copolymer. This provides an excellent reference for the preparation of antibacterial PMMA with high heat resistance, good mechanical properties and high transparency. Using the method of bulk reactive extrusion radical copolymerization, N-phenyl maleimide (N-PMI) and styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were copolymerized.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qixin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Anna Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yong Guan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dafu Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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6
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Boehm AK, Husmann S, Besch M, Janka O, Presser V, Gallei M. Porous Mixed-Metal Oxide Li-Ion Battery Electrodes by Shear-Induced Co-assembly of Precursors and Tailored Polymer Particles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:61166-61179. [PMID: 34913692 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their various applications, metal oxides are of high interest for fundamental research and commercial usage. Per applications as catalysts or electrochemical devices, the tailored design of metal oxides featuring a high specific surface area and additional functionalities is of the utmost importance for the performance of the resulting materials. We report a new method for preparing free-standing films consisting of hierarchically porous metal oxides (titanium and niobium based) by combining emulsion polymerization and shear-induced monodisperse particle self-assembly in the presence of sol-gel precursors. After thermal treatment, the resulting porous materials can be used as electrodes in Li-ion batteries. The titanium and niobium sol-gel precursors were partially immobilized to the surface of organic core-interlayer particles featuring hydroxyl groups to obtain hybrid organic-inorganic particles through the melt-shear organization process. Free-standing particle-based films, in analogy to elastomeric opal films and colloidal crystals, can be prepared in a convenient one-step preparation process. After thermal treatment, ordered pores are obtained, while the pristine metal oxide precursor shell can be converted to the (mixed) metal oxide matrix. Heat treatment under CO2 leads to mixed-TiNb oxide/carbon hybrid materials. The highly porous derivative structure enhances electrolyte permeation. When tested as Li-ion battery electrodes, it shows a specific capacity of 335 mAh·g-1 at a rate of 10 mA·g-1. After 1000 cycles at 250 mA·g-1, the electrodes still provided a specific capacity of 191 mAh·g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Boehm
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Samantha Husmann
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marie Besch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Presser
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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7
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Hartmann M, Pfaffinger M, Stampfl J. The Role of Solvents in Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing of Lithium Disilicate. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14041045. [PMID: 33672167 PMCID: PMC7927059 DOI: 10.3390/ma14041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Digital dentistry is increasingly replacing conventional methods of manually producing dental restorations. With regards to computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), milling is state of the art. Additive manufacturing (AM), as a complementary approach, has also found its way into dental practices and laboratories. Vat photo-polymerization is gaining increasing attention, because it enables the production of full ceramic restorations with high precision. One of the two predominantly used ceramic materials for these applications is lithium disilicate, Li2Si2O5. This glass ceramic exhibits a substantial fracture toughness, although possesses much lower bending strength, than the other predominantly used ceramic material, zirconia. Additionally, it shows a much more natural optical appearance, due to its inherent translucency, and therefore is considered for anterior tooth restorations. In this work, an optimized formulation for photo-reactive lithium disilicate suspensions, to be processed by vat photo-polymerization, is presented. Following the fundamental theoretical considerations regarding this processing technique, a variety of solvents was used to adjust the main properties of the suspension. It is shown that this solvent approach is a useful tool to effectively optimize a suspension with regards to refractive index, rheology, and debinding behavior. Additionally, by examining the effect of the absorber, the exposure time could be reduced by a factor of ten.
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8
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Progress in Reaction Mechanisms and Reactor Technologies for Thermochemical Recycling of Poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081667. [PMID: 32727004 PMCID: PMC7464549 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical or feedstock recycling of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by thermal degradation is an important societal challenge to enable polymer circularity. The annual PMMA world production capacity is over 2.4 × 106 tons, but currently only 3.0 × 104 tons are collected and recycled in Europe each year. Despite the rather simple chemical structure of MMA, a debate still exists on the possible PMMA degradation mechanisms and only basic batch and continuous reactor technologies have been developed, without significant knowledge of the decomposition chemistry or the multiphase nature of the reaction mixture. It is demonstrated in this review that it is essential to link PMMA thermochemical recycling with the PMMA synthesis as certain structural defects from the synthesis step are affecting the nature and relevance of the subsequent degradation reaction mechanisms. Here, random fission plays a key role, specifically for PMMA made by anionic polymerization. It is further highlighted that kinetic modeling tools are useful to further unravel the dominant PMMA degradation mechanisms. A novel distinction is made between global conversion or average chain length models, on the one hand, and elementary reaction step-based models on the other hand. It is put forward that only by the dedicated development of the latter models, the temporal evolution of degradation product spectra under specific chemical recycling conditions will become possible, making reactor design no longer an art but a science.
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9
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Chen R, Xu M. Kinetic and volatile products study of micron-sized PMMA waste pyrolysis using thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:51-61. [PMID: 32505975 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been devoted to disposing traditional-sized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) waste by pyrolysis for methyl methacrylate (MMA). The pyrolysis of micron-sized PMMA waste, which may be different from that of traditional-sized PMMA waste, received little concern. The present study investigated the kinetics and volatile products of micron-sized PMMA waste pyrolysis in inert atmosphere using thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. A global optimization algorithm namely Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) was employed to simultaneously optimize the kinetic parameters. Results indicated that one shoulder and one peak occurred in the MLR variations with temperature. The values of the MLR at the shoulder and peak, the average MLR all increased with the heating rate. The optimized kinetic parameters by SCE can be utilized to well reproduce the experimental thermogravimetric data. The values of activation energy and natural logarithm of pre-exponential factor were in the range of 235.95-248.61 kJ/mol and 16.96-28.76 min-1, respectively. The value of activation energy of micron-sized PMMA waste pyrolysis under the present study was greater than that of the traditional-sized PMMA pyrolysis in the previous studies. MMA and CO2 were the major volatile products generated from the micron-sized PMMA waste pyrolysis. The volatile products yield at peak was much larger than that at shoulder. The MMA and CO2 yield were in the range of 87.98-93.54% and 6.46-12.02%, respectively. High MMA yield may be obtained from the pyrolysis of micron-sized PMMA waste in inert atmosphere by appropriately increasing the heating rate adopted in the reactors in the practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Mingjun Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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10
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De Smit K, Marien YW, Van Geem KM, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Connecting polymer synthesis and chemical recycling on a chain-by-chain basis: a unified matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo strategy. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer synthesis and subsequent depolymerisation/degradation are linked at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyann De Smit
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
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11
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Xing H, Gao Y, Zhang P, Wang B, Yu Y, Cao X. Corrosion protection and thermal and mechanical properties for epoxy–thiol–imidazole systems of improved performance. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008319854489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy–thiol–imidazole system is promising for microelectronic packaging areas, such as underfills and low-temperature fast curing adhesives, but there is little knowledge on the corrosion resistance of this system. In this article, the anticorrosion and thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by theoretical and experimental methods and were understood from a fundamental perspective of structure. The cure behaviors were evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter. The mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by dynamic mechanical, thermomechanical, and thermos-gravimetric methods. The water absorption process was monitored using gravimetric measurement. Results show that among compositions of variable thiol–epoxy molar ratios, the one with ratio 0.25 has the best anticorrosion property and improved mechanical property, as well as good water resistance at room temperature. Both the average tensile strength and modulus increased initially and then declined with the addition of thiol part, while the average peel strength increased to above thrice the value of that of neat epoxy–imidazole system for thiol–epoxy 1:1 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingzhong Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Kopeć M, Lamson M, Yuan R, Tang C, Kruk M, Zhong M, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. Polyacrylonitrile-derived nanostructured carbon materials. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Marimuthu E, Murugesan V. Influence of ultrasonic condition on phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in two phase system - A kinetic study. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 38:560-569. [PMID: 27591894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasonic condition assisted phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate was investigated in an ethyl acetate/water two phase system at 60±1°C and 25kHz, 300W under inert atmosphere. The influence of monomer, initiator, catalyst and temperature, volume fraction of aqueous phase on the rate of polymerization was examined in detail. The reaction order was found to be unity for monomer, initiator and catalyst. Generally, the reaction rate was relatively fast in two phase system, when a catalytic amount of phase transfer catalyst was used. The combined approach, use of ultrasonic and PTC condition was significantly enhances the rate of polymerization. An ultrasonic and phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate has shown about three fold enhancements in the rate compared with silent polymerization of MMA using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as PTC. The resultant kinetics was evaluated with silent polymerization and an important feature was discussed. The activation energy and other thermodynamic parameters were computed. Based on the obtained results an appropriate radical mechanism has been derived. TGA showed the polymer was stable up to 150°C. The FT-IR and DSC analysis validates the atactic nature of the obtained polymer. The XRD pattern reveals the amorphous nature of polymer was dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elumalai Marimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai 600 048, India
| | - Vajjiravel Murugesan
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai 600 048, India.
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14
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Polyhedral oligomeric butyl stannoxane cages (Sn-POSS) as oxidation-activated linear repairing units or crosslinking nano-building blocks, depending on structure of the polymer matrix. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Jiang B, Zeng S, Wang H, Liu D, Qian J, Cao Y, Yang H, Ai X. Dual Core-Shell Structured Si@SiO x@C Nanocomposite Synthesized via a One-Step Pyrolysis Method as a Highly Stable Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31611-31616. [PMID: 27933979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been regarded as a promising high-capacity anode material for developing advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but the practical application of Si anodes is still unsuccessful mainly due to the insufficient cyclability. To deal with this issue, we propose a new route to construct a dual core-shell structured Si@SiOx@C nanocomposite by direct pyrolysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer on the surface of Si nanoparticles. Since the PMMA polymers can be chemically bonded on the nano-Si surface through the interaction between ester group and Si surface group, and thermally decomposed in the subsequent pyrolysis process with their alkyl chains converted to carbon and the residue oxygen recombining with Si to form SiOx, the dual core-shell structure can be conveniently formed in a one-step procedure. Benefiting from the strong buffering effect of the SiOx interlayer and the efficient blocking action of dense outer carbon layer in preventing electrolyte permeation, the obtained nanocomposite demonstrates a high capacity of 1972 mA h g-1, a stable cycling performance with a capacity retention of >1030 mA h g-1 over 500 cycles, and particularly a superiorly high Coulombic efficiency of >99.5% upon extended cycling, exhibiting a great promise for practical uses. More importantly, the synthetic method proposed in this work is facile and low cost, making it more suitable for large-scale production of high capacity anode for advanced LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Jiang
- Hubei Key Lab. of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi Zeng
- Hubei Key Lab. of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hubei Key Lab. of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Daotan Liu
- China Electric Power Research Institute , Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Jiangfeng Qian
- Hubei Key Lab. of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuliang Cao
- Hubei Key Lab. of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hanxi Yang
- Hubei Key Lab. of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinping Ai
- Hubei Key Lab. of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
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16
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Hung ST, Bhuyan A, Schademan K, Steverlynck J, McCluskey MD, Koeckelberghs G, Clays K, Kuzyk MG. Spectroscopic studies of the mechanism of reversible photodegradation of 1-substituted aminoanthraquinone-doped polymers. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:114902. [PMID: 27004896 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of reversible photodegradation of 1-substituted aminoanthraquinones doped into poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene is investigated. Time-dependent density functional theory is employed to predict the transition energies and corresponding oscillator strengths of the proposed reversibly and irreversibly damaged dye species. Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to characterize which species are present. FTIR spectroscopy indicates that both dye and polymer undergo reversible photodegradation when irradiated with a visible laser. These findings suggest that photodegradation of 1-substituted aminoanthraquinones doped in polymers originates from interactions between dyes and photoinduced thermally degraded polymers, and the metastable product may recover or further degrade irreversibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ting Hung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| | - Ankita Bhuyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| | - Kyle Schademan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| | - Joost Steverlynck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Matthew D McCluskey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| | - Mark G Kuzyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
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17
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Strachota A, Rodzeń K, Raus V, Ribot F, Janata M, Pavlova E. Incorporation and chemical effect of Sn-POSS cages in poly(ethyl methacrylate). Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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19
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Izzo L, Gorrasi G. Effect of Molecular Architecture on Physical Properties of Tree-Shaped and Star-Shaped Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Based Copolymers. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.845058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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A first insight into the thermal degradation mechanism of silylated methacrylic homopolymers synthesized via the RAFT process. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Džunuzović ES, Džunuzović JV, Marinković AD, Marinović-Cincović MT, Jeremić KB, Nedeljković JM. Influence of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles by gallates on the properties of PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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de Cortazar MG, Rodríguez R. Thermal storage nanocapsules by miniemulsion polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Liu Y, Ghaffari M, Zhao R, Lin JH, Lin M, Zhang QM. Enhanced Electromechanical Response of Ionic Polymer Actuators by Improving Mechanical Coupling between Ions and Polymer Matrix. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mehdi Ghaffari
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jun-Hong Lin
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Minren Lin
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Q. M. Zhang
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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24
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Hwang TH, Lee YM, Kong BS, Seo JS, Choi JW. Electrospun core-shell fibers for robust silicon nanoparticle-based lithium ion battery anodes. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:802-807. [PMID: 22206272 DOI: 10.1021/nl203817r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Because of its unprecedented theoretical capacity near 4000 mAh/g, which is approximately 10-fold larger compared to those of the current commercial graphite anodes, silicon has been the most promising anode for lithium ion batteries, particularly targeting large-scale energy storage applications including electrical vehicles and utility grids. Nevertheless, Si suffers from its short cycle life as well as the limitation for scalable electrode fabrication. Herein, we develop an electrospinning process to produce core-shell fiber electrodes using a dual nozzle in a scalable manner. In the core-shell fibers, commercially available nanoparticles in the core are wrapped by the carbon shell. The unique core-shell structure resolves various issues of Si anode operations, such as pulverization, vulnerable contacts between Si and carbon conductors, and an unstable sold-electrolyte interphase, thereby exhibiting outstanding cell performance: a gravimetric capacity as high as 1384 mAh/g, a 5 min discharging rate capability while retaining 721 mAh/g, and cycle life of 300 cycles with almost no capacity loss. The electrospun core-shell one-dimensional fibers suggest a new design principle for robust and scalable lithium battery electrodes suffering from volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Hwang
- Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Yuseong Gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea
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25
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Leibfarth FA, Wolffs M, Campos LM, Delany K, Treat N, Kade MJ, Moon B, Hawker CJ. Low-temperature ketene formation in materials chemistry through molecular engineering. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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26
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Zhu J, He Q, Luo Z, Khasanov A, Li Y, Sun L, Wang Q, Wei S, Guo Z. Property manipulated polypropylene–iron nanocomposites with maleic anhydride polypropylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Cao C, Tan Z, Sun S, Liu Z, Zhang H. Enhancing the thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate) by removing the chains with weak links in a continuous polymerization. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Polymer Combustion as a Basis for Hybrid Propulsion: A Comprehensive Review and New Numerical Approaches. ENERGIES 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/en4101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Duvigneau J, Schönherr H, Vancso GJ. Scanning thermal lithography of tailored tert-butyl ester protected carboxylic acid functionalized (meth)acrylate polymer platforms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:3855-65. [PMID: 21919505 DOI: 10.1021/am200676r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the development of tailored polymer films for high-resolution atomic force microscopy based scanning thermal lithography (SThL). In particular, full control of surface chemical and topographical structuring was sought. Thin cross-linked films comprising poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (MA(20)) or poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (A(20)) were prepared via UV initiated free radical polymerization. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FTIR spectroscopy showed that the heat-induced thermal decomposition of MA(20) by oxidative depolymerization is initially the primary reaction followed by tert-butyl ester thermolysis. By contrast, no significant depolymerization was observed for A(20). For A(20) and MA(20) (at higher temperatures and/or longer reaction times) the thermolysis of the tert-butyl ester liberates isobutylene and yields carboxylic acid groups, which react further intramolecularly to cyclic anhydrides. The values of the apparent activation energies (E(a)) for the thermolysis were calculated to be 125 ± 13 kJ mol(-1) and 116 ± 7 kJ mol(-1) for MA(20) and A(20), respectively. Both MA(20) and A(20) films showed improved thermomechanical stability during SThL compared to non cross-linked films. Carboxylic acid functionalized lines written by SThL in A(20) films had a typically ~10 times smaller width compared to those written in MA(20) films regardless of the tip radius of the heated probe and did not show any evidence for thermochemically or thermomechanically induced modification of film topography. These observations and the E(a) of 45 ± 3 kJ mol(-1) for groove formation in MA(20) estimated from the observed volume loss are attributed to oxidative thermal depolymerization during SThL of MA(20) films, which is considered to be the dominant reaction mechanism for MA(20). The smallest line width values obtained for MA(20) and A(20) films with SThL were 83 ± 7 nm and 21 ± 2 nm, whereas the depth of the lines was below 1 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Duvigneau
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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30
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Thermal and optical properties of silver–poly(methylmethacrylate) nanocomposites prepared by in-situ radical polymerization. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Influence of the way of synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) in the presence of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles on the properties of obtained nanocomposites. HEMIJSKA INDUSTRIJA 2010. [DOI: 10.2298/hemind100923059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles can significantly affect the
properties of the polymer matrix. The properties of polymer nanocomposites
depend on the type of incorporated nanoparticles, their size and shape, their
concentration, and interactions with the polymer matrix. Homogeneity of
polymer nanocomposites is influenced very much by the preparation method. In
this study, TiO2 nanoparticles surface modified with 6-palmitate ascorbic
acid (6-PAA) were incapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by in situ
radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by
2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The surface modification of the TiO2
nanoparticles was achieved by the formation of a charge transfer complex
between TiO2 nanoparticles and 6-palmitate ascorbic acid. The radical
polymerization of MMA in the presence of TiO2-PAA nanoparticles was conducted
in solution (PMMA/TiO2-PAA-R), in bulk (PMMA/TiO2-PAA-M) or in suspension
(PMMA/TiO2-PAA-S). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the
influence of the preparation method on the molar masses and thermal
properties of PMMA/TiO2-PAA nanocomposite. It was obtained that molar masses
of PMMA extracted from the composites had smaller values compared to molar
masses of pure PMMA synthesized in the same manner, which indicated that
TiO2-PAA nanoparticles affected the reaction of termination. Thermal
properties were investigated by DSC and TGA. The values of glass transition
temperature, Tg, were influenced by the way the radical polymerization was
conducted, even in the case of the pure PMMA. The Tg of composite samples was
always smaller than the value of the corresponding PMMA sample and the
smallest value was obtained for PMMA/TiO2-PAA-M since they contained the
largest amount of low molar mass residue. The TGA results showed that thermal
and thermooxidative stability of polymer composites obtained in solution and
in suspension was better than for the pure PMMA obtained in the same way.
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32
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Vodnik VV, Vuković JV, Nedeljković JM. Synthesis and characterization of silver—poly(methylmethacrylate) nanocomposites. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Džunuzović E, Marinović-Cincović M, Jeremić K, Nedeljković J. Influence of cubic α-Fe2O3 particles on the thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate) synthesized by in situ bulk polymerization. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Controlled degradation of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (PECA-co-PMMA) copolymers. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Hong CK, Yang KS, Oh SH, Ahn JH, Cho BH, Nah C. Effect of blend composition on the morphology development of electrospun fibres based on PAN/PMMA blends. POLYM INT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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37
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Accelerating effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) on rubber oxidation, Part 1: A chemiluminescence study. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Džunuzović E, Marinović-Cincović M, Jeremić K, Vuković J, Nedeljković J. Influence of α-Fe2O3 nanorods on the thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate) synthesized by in situ bulk polymerisation of methyl methacrylate. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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CHILLARA SN, BODDU VM, VISWANATH DS. STEAM OXIDATION OF CARBON FORMED BY THERMAL DEGRADATION OF PMMA IN ALUMINA. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00986449408936267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. CHILLARA
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - V. M. BODDU
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, MO, 65211
| | - D. S. VISWANATH
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, MO, 65211
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41
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Goh TK, Sulistio AP, Blencowe A, Johnson JW, Qiao GG. Synthesis and Characterization of Core Cross-Linked Star Clusters by Conventional Free-Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070996z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tor Kit Goh
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, and DuPont Automotive Systems, 400 N. Grosebeck Highway, Mt. Clemens, Michigan 48043
| | - Adrian P. Sulistio
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, and DuPont Automotive Systems, 400 N. Grosebeck Highway, Mt. Clemens, Michigan 48043
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, and DuPont Automotive Systems, 400 N. Grosebeck Highway, Mt. Clemens, Michigan 48043
| | - Jeffery W. Johnson
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, and DuPont Automotive Systems, 400 N. Grosebeck Highway, Mt. Clemens, Michigan 48043
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, and DuPont Automotive Systems, 400 N. Grosebeck Highway, Mt. Clemens, Michigan 48043
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42
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Chang TC, Wang YT, Hong YS, Liu CT. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials 8: Stability of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) in Pmma-SiO2 Hybrids. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500008082386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Chang
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University , Tahsi, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 335, R.O.C
| | - Y. T. Wang
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University , Tahsi, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 335, R.O.C
| | - Y. S. Hong
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University , Tahsi, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 335, R.O.C
| | - C. T. Liu
- b Chemical Systems Research Division , Chung Shan Institute of Science rind Technology , Taoyuan, Taiwan, 325, R.O.C
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43
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Amir N, Levina A, Silverstein MS. Nanocomposites through copolymerization of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and methyl methacrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Lung CYK, Darvell BW. Methyl methacrylate monomer–polymer equilibrium in solid polymer. Dent Mater 2007; 23:88-94. [PMID: 16430955 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is commonly processed in dentistry by thermally initiating the free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Residual MMA, a tissue irritant, is a concern. The concentration of MMA ([MMA]) versus time and temperature was studied to identify optimum processing conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred milligram portions of plain and dental PMMA powders were incubated (10-170 degrees C, 1-384 h), with and without 6.0 microL MMA added. After incubation, [MMA] was determined by GC. RESULTS For plain PMMA alone, equilibrium was attained in about 100 h. The equilibrium data for log[MMA] versus 1/T was better fitted by a quadratic than a straight line, and formed an upper bound to the values of [MMA] when PMMA was incubated with MMA at temperatures > approximately 120 degrees C. The response surface for [MMA] versus log(time) and reciprocal temperature was fitted. An 'overshoot' in the equilibration process was identified, and postulated to be due to a rapidly formed intermediate of unknown chemistry. SIGNIFICANCE Minimization of the residual MMA in acrylic denture bases prepared by processing a mixture of PMMA and MMA is important for reasons of mechanical properties and irritancy. The response surface mapped here allows direct identification of the optimum processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y K Lung
- Dental Materials Science, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Victoria, Hong Kong
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45
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Free Radical Polymerisation of Methylmethacrylate Using p-nitrobenzyltriphenyl Phosphonium Ylide as Novel Initiator. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-005-9011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Popović IG, Katsikas L, Veličković JS. The non-oxidative thermal degradation of poly(di-n-alkyl itaconates). II. Analysis of the polymer residue. Polym Degrad Stab 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Muraki T, Ueta M, Ihara E, Inoue K. Enhancement of thermal stability of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) by cyclotriphosphazene derivatives. Polym Degrad Stab 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Smolders K, Baeyens J. Thermal degradation of PMMA in fluidised beds. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2004; 24:849-857. [PMID: 15381237 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the production and consumption of plastics have increased significantly and wastes are commonly incinerated or dumped in a landfill. Plastics pyrolysis, on the other hand, may provide an alternative means for disposal of plastic wastes with recovery of valuable gasoline-range hydrocarbons or the monomer. Pyrolysis of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) may result in very high recycling rates (90-98%) of the monomer methylmethacrylate (MMA) since the cracking of MMA to lighter molecules (CO2, CO and light hydrocarbons) is limited. The MMA-yield is mainly dependent on the residence time of the gas in the reactor and to a lesser extent on the operating temperature. The paper presents experimental work performed in a lead bath and in a fluidised bed. At low temperatures, the reaction is kinetically controlled, whereas at high temperatures, heat transfer restricts the overall reaction rate. It was demonstrated that the heat transfer in the fluid bed could be estimated by the equation of Kothari. A design procedure for a fluid bed PMMA-depolymerisation reactor is outlined and illustrated for a process of 1 tpd PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smolders
- De Nayer Instituut, Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst, Jan De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium.
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Lee YM, Viswanath DS. Degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with aluminum nitride and alumina. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Messori M, Toselli M, Pilati F, Fabbri E, Fabbri P, Busoli S. Poly(caprolactone)/silica organic-inorganic hybrids as protective coatings for poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02699651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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