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Advincula AA, Atassi A, Gregory SA, Thorley KJ, Ponder JF, Freychet G, Jones AL, Su GM, Yee SK, Reynolds JR. Elucidating Design Rules toward Enhanced Solid-State Charge Transport in Oligoether-Functionalized Dioxythiophene-Based Alternating Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37449957 PMCID: PMC10375480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the solid-state charge transport properties of the oxidized forms of dioxythiophene-based alternating copolymers consisting of an oligoether-functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) copolymerized with different aryl groups, dimethyl ProDOT (DMP), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and 3,4-phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT), respectively, to yield copolymers P(OE3)-D, P(OE3)-E, and P(OE3)-Ph. At a dopant concentration of 5 mM FeTos3, the electrical conductivities of these copolymers vary significantly (ranging between 9 and 195 S cm-1) with the EDOT copolymer, P(OE3)-E, achieving the highest electrical conductivity. UV-vis-NIR and X-ray spectroscopies show differences in both susceptibility to oxidative doping and extent of oxidation for the P(OE3) series, with P(OE3)-E being the most doped. Wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicate that P(OE3)-E generally demonstrates the lowest paracrystallinity values in the series, as well as relatively small π-π stacking distances. The significant (i.e., order of magnitude) increase in electrical conductivity of doped P(OE3)-E films versus doped P(OE3)-D or P(OE3)-Ph films can therefore be attributed to P(OE3)-E exhibiting both the highest carrier ratios in the P(OE3) series, along with good π-π overlap and local ordering (low paracrystallinity values). Furthermore, these trends in the extent of doping and paracrystallinity are consistent with the reduced Fermi energy level and transport function prefactor parameters calculated using the semilocalized transport (SLoT) model. Observed differences in carrier ratios at the transport edge (ct) and reduced Fermi energies [η(c)] suggest a broader electronic band (better overlap and more delocalization) for the EDOT-incorporating P(OE3)-E polymer relative to P(OE3)-D and P(OE3)-Ph. Ultimately, we rationalize improvements in electrical conductivity due to microstructural and doping enhancements caused by EDOT incorporation, a structure-property relationship worth considering in the future design of highly electrically conductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A Advincula
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- ARCTOS Technology Solutions, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Amalie Atassi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shawn A Gregory
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Karl J Thorley
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - James F Ponder
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Guillaume Freychet
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Austin L Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gregory M Su
- Advanced Light Source and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shannon K Yee
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Lee J, Kim H, Park H, Kim T, Hwang SH, Seo D, Chung TD, Choi TL. Universal Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Strong Donor/Acceptor-Based Conjugated Polymers and Their Sequence Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11180-11190. [PMID: 34264077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst-transfer polymerization has revolutionized the field of polymer synthesis due to its living character, but for a given catalyst system, the polymer scope is rather narrow. Herein we report a highly efficient Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization (SCTP) that covers a wide range of monomers from electron-rich (donor, D) to electron-deficient (acceptor, A) (hetero)arenes by rationally designing boronate monomers and using commercially available Buchwald RuPhos and SPhos Pd G3 precatalysts. Initially, we optimized the controlled polymerization of 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT), benzotriazole (BTz), quinoxaline (QX), and 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline (QXPh) by introducing new boronates, such as 4,4,8,8-tetramethyl-1,3,6,2-dioxazaborocane and its N-benzylated derivative, to modulate the reactivity and stability of the monomers. As a result, PProDOT, PBTz, PQX, and PQXPh were prepared with controlled molecular weight and narrow dispersity (Đ < 1.29) in excellent yield (>85%). A detailed investigation of the polymer structures using 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF spectrometry supported the chain-growth mechanism and the high initiation efficiency of the SCTP method. In addition, the use of RuPhos-Pd showing excellent catalyst-transfer ability on both D/A monomers led to unprecedented controlled D-A statistical copolymerization, thereby modulating the HOMO energy level (from -5.11 to -4.80 eV) and band gap energy (from 1.68 to 1.91 eV) of the resulting copolymers. Moreover, to demonstrate the living nature of SCTP, various combinations of D-A and A-A block copolymers (PBTz-b-PProDOT, PQX-b-PProDOT, and PQX-b-PBTz) were successfully prepared by the sequential addition method. Finally, simple but powerful one-shot D-A block copolymerization was achieved by maximizing the rate difference between a fast-propagating pinacol boronate donor and a slow-propagating acceptor to afford well-defined poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(benzotriazole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwangseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daye Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, 16229 Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Controlling water adhesion on superhydrophobic surfaces with bi-functional polymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Magdău IB, Miller TF. Machine Learning Solvation Environments in Conductive Polymers: Application to ProDOT-2Hex with Solvent Swelling. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan-Bogdan Magdău
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Thomas F. Miller
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Collier GS, Wilkins R, Tomlinson AL, Reynolds JR. Exploring Isomeric Effects on Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Red/Orange Electrochromic Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Riley Wilkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, United States
| | - Aimée L. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Strietzel C, Oka K, Strømme M, Emanuelsson R, Sjödin M. An Alternative to Carbon Additives: The Fabrication of Conductive Layers Enabled by Soluble Conducting Polymer Precursors - A Case Study for Organic Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5349-5356. [PMID: 33481558 PMCID: PMC7877702 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing organic redox-active materials as electrodes is a promising strategy to enable innovative battery designs with low environmental footprint during production, which can be hard to achieve with traditional inorganic materials. Most electrode compositions, organic or inorganic, require binders for adhesion and conducting additives to enable charge transfer through the electrode, in addition to the redox-active material. Depending on the redox-active material, many types and combinations of binders and conducting additives have been considered. We designed a conducting polymer (CP), with a soluble, trimeric unit based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (E) and 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (P) as the repeat unit, acting as a combined binder and conducting additive. While CPs as additives have been explored earlier, in the current work, the use of a trimeric precursor enables solution processing together with the organic redox-active material. To evaluate this concept, the CP was blended with a redox polymer (RP), which contained a naphthoquinone (NQ) redox group at different ratios. The highest capacity for the total weight of the CP/RP electrode was 77 mAh/g at 1 C in the case of 30% EPE and 70% naphthoquinone-substituted poly(allylamine) (PNQ), which is 70% of the theoretical capacity given by the RP in the electrode. We further used this electrode in an aqueous battery, with a MnSO4 cathode. The battery displayed a voltage of 0.95 V, retaining 93% of the initial capacity even after 500 cycles at 1 C. The strategy of using a solution-processable CP precursor opens up for new organic battery designs and facile evaluation of RPs in such.
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Hamui L, Sánchez-Vergara ME, Corona-Sánchez R, Jiménez-Sandoval O, Álvarez-Toledano C. Innovative Incorporation of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) as Hole Carrier Transport Layer and as Anode for Organic Solar Cells Performance Improvement. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2808. [PMID: 33260898 PMCID: PMC7760372 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a comparative study of benzoid poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as electrode and as hole carrier transport layer (HTL) in the manufacture of organic photovoltaic devices using Fischer metal-carbene complexes. The performance of the different devices was evaluated for solar cell applications. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the thin films that integrated the devices. A more ordered and crystallized active film microstructure is observed when using benzoid PEDOT:PSS as nucleation layer. The optical gap for both direct and indirect electronic transitions was evaluated from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy data (UV-vis), as well as the absorption coefficient (α), and the values are in the range of 2.10-2.93 eV. Photovoltaic devices with conventional architecture, using two different chromium carbenes as active layers, were manufactured, and their electrical behavior was studied. The devices were irradiated with different wavelengths between the infrared and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Using the PEDOT:PSS film as hole carrier transport layer (HTL) decreases the slope on the ohmic and space charge limited current (SCLC) regions and eliminates the trap-charge limited current (T-CLC) mechanism. Furthermore, a saturation current of ~1.95 × 10-10 A and higher current values ~1.75 × 10-2 A at 4 V, ~4 orders in magnitude larger were observed. The PEDOT:PSS films as HTL in the devices reduced the injection barrier, thus showing a better performance than as anodes in this type of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Hamui
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Maria Elena Sánchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Corona-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - Omar Jiménez-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Cecilio Álvarez-Toledano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Mazloum-Ardakani M, Arazi R. Enhancement of photovoltaic performance using a novel photocathode based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Ag–CuO nanocomposite in dye-sensitized solar cells. CR CHIM 2020. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Perera K, Yi Z, You L, Ke Z, Mei J. Conjugated electrochromic polymers with amide-containing side chains enabling aqueous electrolyte compatibility. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This work illustrates an effective side-chain modification approach using amide functional groups to induce aqueous electroactivity to ProDOT-based electrochromic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuluni Perera
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Liyan You
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Zhifan Ke
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
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Synthesis and electropolymerization of a donor-acceptor-donor trimeric monomer containing 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene and dithienosilole units. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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In-Situ Approaches for the Preparation of Polythiophene-Derivative Cellulose Composites with High Flexibility and Conductivity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9163371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials of conjugated polymers/cellulose were fabricated by incorporating different polythiophene-derivative polymers: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and an alkylated derivative of poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT). These conjugated polythiophenes were deposited by casting or spray coating methodologies onto three different cellulose substrates: Conventional filters papers as cellulose acetate, cellulose grade 40 Whatman® and cellulose membranes prepared from cellulose microfibers. The preparation of composite materials was carried out by two methodologies: (i) by employing in-situ polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene (EDOT) or (ii) by depositing solutions of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) or lab-synthetized PProDOT. Composite materials were studied in terms of electrical conductivity and surface morphology assessed by impedance spectroscopy, surface conductivity, SEM, and 3D optical profilometry. In-situ composite materials prepared by spray coating using iron trifluoromethane sulfonate as oxidizing agent can be handled and folded as the original cellulose membranes displaying a surface conductivity around 1 S∙cm−1. This versatile procedure to prepare conductive composite materials has the potential to be implemented in flexible electrodes for energy storage applications.
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Pappenfus TM, Helmin AJ, Wilcox WD, Severson SM, Janzen DE. ProDOT-Assisted Isomerically Pure Indophenines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11253-11257. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ted M. Pappenfus
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Andrew J. Helmin
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Wyatt D. Wilcox
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Sarah M. Severson
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Daron E. Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
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Electrochemical Sensor of Double-Thiol Linked PProDOT@Si Composite for Simultaneous Detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050815. [PMID: 31067664 PMCID: PMC6572651 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal ions in water, cosmetics, and arable land have become a world-wide issue as they cause a variety of diseases and even death to humans and animals when a certain level is exceeded. Therefore, it is necessary to development a new kind of sensor material for the determination of heavy metal ions. In this paper, we present an electrochemical sensor based on composite material (thiol(-SH) grafted poly(3,4-proplenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT(MeSH)2)/ porous silicon spheres (Si) composite, denoted as PProDOT(MeSH)2@Si) from the incorporation of thiol(-SH) grafted poly(3,4-proplenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT(MeSH)2) with porous silicon spheres (Si) for the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions (Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II)). The PProDOT(MeSH)2@Si composite was synthesized via a chemical oxidative polymerization method. The structure and morphology of PProDOT(MeSH)2@Si composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of PProDOT(MeSH)2@Si was evaluated by detecting of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) ions using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. The relationship between structural properties and the electrochemical performance was systematically studied. The results showed that the entry of two thiol-based chains to the monomer unit resulted in an increase in electrochemical sensitivity in PProDOT(MeSH)2, which was related to the interaction between thiol group(-SH) and heavy metal ions. And, the combination of PProDOT(MeSH)2 with Si could improve the electrocatalytic efficiency of the electrode material. The PProDOT(MeSH)2@Si/GCE exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity in the rage of 0.04 to 2.8, 0.024 to 2.8, and 0.16 to 3.2 μM with the detection limit of 0.00575, 0.0027, and 0.0017 µM toward Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II), respectively. The interference studies demonstrated that the PProDOT(MeSH)2@Si/GCE possessed a low mutual interference and high selectivity for simultaneous detection of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) ions.
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Mazaheripour A, Thomas EM, Segalman RA, Chabinyc ML. Nonaggregating Doped Polymers Based on Poly(3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene). Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Collier GS, Pelse I, Reynolds JR. Aqueous Electrolyte Compatible Electrochromic Polymers Processed from an Environmentally Sustainable Solvent. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1208-1214. [PMID: 35651256 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing aqueous electrolyte compatible, redox-active polymers that can be processed from environmentally sustainable solvents is desirable because these traits will effectively reduce environmental impact and human health hazards during processing procedures and in the final device architecture. To achieve organic solvent solubility and aqueous compatibility, a poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) containing four ester functionalities was synthesized via direct arylation polymerization. The resulting polymer was spray-cast into a thin film from the environmentally sustainable solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and the presence of multiple polar functionalities rendered the film aqueous electrolyte compatible. The multiester-functionalized polymer exhibits a relatively low onset of oxidation (∼0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl) and electrochromic character by transitioning from a colored neutral state to a colorless oxidized state with increasing potential in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous electrolyte. Additionally, the ester-functionalized polymer exhibits similar electrochromic properties in aqueous electrolytes when compared to traditional alkyl-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes) in organic electrolytes, as evidenced by contrast values of ∼70% and switching speeds of ∼2 s. This work highlights the use of multipolar functionalities as a design strategy for synthesizing organic solvent processable, aqueous electrolyte compatible redox-active polymers without postpolymerization modifications or the sacrifice of electrochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Collier
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ian Pelse
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Synthesis and electrochromic performances of donor-acceptor-type polymers from chalcogenodiazolo [3,4-c]pyridine and alkyl ProDOTs. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Zhang Y, Sun H, Cao J, Chen S, Dong L, Xing H, Duan X, Xu J. Preparation and characterization of poly(2′-aminomethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) by chemical oxidative polymerization. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Nishinaga T, Sotome Y. Stable Radical Cations and Their π-Dimers Prepared from Ethylene- and Propylene-3,4-dioxythiophene Co-oligomers: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. J Org Chem 2017. [PMID: 28650158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Co-oligomers composed of two 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) units and two or three 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) units, i.e., 2E2PEt and 2E3PEt, were newly synthesized together with the ProDOT trimer 3PMe. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry, the gaps between the first and second oxidation potentials (ΔE1-2) of 2E2PEt and 2E3PEt were found to be larger than that of the previously synthesized ProDOT tetramer 4PHex. These co-oligomers gave the fairly stable radical cations 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ by chemical oxidation with AgSbF6. The disproportionation of 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ into neutral and dicationic species, which was observed for 4PHex•+, was inhibited in accord with the larger ΔE1-2. Additionally, the formation of the π-dimers (3PMe)22+, (2E2PEt)22+, and (2E3PE)22+ was clearly observed in dichloromethane solution at low temperatures with UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the π-dimerization enthalpies of 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ were greater than that of 3PMe•+, suggesting the formation of fully π-contacted structures. The structures of the π-dimers were optimized at the B97D3 method, and the calculated absorption spectra of the π-dimers obtained using TD-DFT methods were in reasonable agreement with the observed ones, supporting the reliability of the calculated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sotome
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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19
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Yang H, Liu Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Du H, Hao X. A highly oriented poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film: Facile synthesis and application for supercapacitor. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Haiyan Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 China
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20
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Sikder BK. A step towards the processability of insoluble or partially soluble functional and structural variants of polymers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20592e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the processability of insoluble or partially soluble polymers based on 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Kumar Sikder
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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21
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Jeong J, Kumar RS, Naveen M, Son YA. Synthesis and characterization of triphenylamine-based polymers and their application towards solid-state electrochromic cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triphenyl amine based new molecules have synthesized for electrochromic cells. We achieved color change forPJK1, orange to dark green; forPJK2, light yellow to reddish brown; forPJK3, light blue to grey; and forPJK4, green to bluish green.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemyeng Jeong
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764
- Republic of Korea
| | - Rangaraju Satish Kumar
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mergu Naveen
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-A. Son
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764
- Republic of Korea
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22
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Chen S, Zhang D, Wang M, Kong L, Zhao J. Donor–acceptor type polymers containing the 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-5,8-dibromoquinoxaline acceptor and different thiophene donors: electrochemical, spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic properties. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02651b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three D–A type polymers were prepared, which showed desirable color switches, high optical contrasts, fast response time, and high color efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- QingDao
- P. R. China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- QingDao
- P. R. China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
| | - Min Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
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23
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Imit M, Imin P, Adronov A. Supramolecular interactions of fluorene-based copolymers containing 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and phenazine units with SWNTs. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of an electron-rich ProDOT-containing conjugated polymer and an electron poor phenazine-containing conjugated polymer with single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibits some selectivity for metallic vs. semiconducting structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Imit
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Patigul Imin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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24
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Zhao Q, Jamal R, Zhang L, Wang M, Abdiryim T. The structure and properties of PEDOT synthesized by template-free solution method. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:557. [PMID: 25317104 PMCID: PMC4196207 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simple one-step template-free solution method was developed for the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOTs) with different morphologies by adjusting various ratios of oxidant (FeCl3·6H2O) to monomer (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)). The results from structural analysis showed that the structure of PEDOT was strongly affected by the oxidant/monomer ratio, and the polymerization degree, conjugation length, doping level, and crystallinity of PEDOT decreased with increasing of the oxidant/monomer ratio. The morphological analysis showed that PEDOT prepared from an oxidant/monomer ratio of 3:1 displayed a special coral-like morphology, and the branches of 'coral' would adjoin or grow together with increasing content of oxidant in the reaction medium; consequently, the morphology of PEDOT changed from coral to sheets (at an oxidant/monomer ratio of 9:1). The electrochemical analysis proved that the PEDOT prepared from an oxidant/monomer ratio of 3:1 had the lowest resistance and the highest specific capacitances (174 F/g) at a current density of 1 A/g with a capacity retention rate of 74% over 1,500 cycles, which indicated that the PEDOT with a coral-like morphology could be applied as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Gas Fine Chemicals, Educational Ministry of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxangul Jamal
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Gas Fine Chemicals, Educational Ministry of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Gas Fine Chemicals, Educational Ministry of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Minchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Gas Fine Chemicals, Educational Ministry of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tursun Abdiryim
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Gas Fine Chemicals, Educational Ministry of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Educational Ministry of China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, People's Republic of China
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25
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Donor–acceptor–donor polymers utilizing pyrimidine-based acceptors. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Mortier C, Darmanin T, Guittard F. The Major Influences of Substituent Size and Position of 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene on the Formation of Highly Hydrophobic Nanofibers. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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SIJU CR, SARAVANAN TR, RAO KNARASIMHA, SINDHU S. Optical, Electrochemical, and Structural Properties of Spray Coated Dihexyl Substituted Poly (3,4 Propylene Dioxythiophene) Film for Optoelectronics Devices. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.853666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Hu D, Lu B, Duan X, Xu J, Zhang L, Zhang K, Zhang S, Zhen S. Synthesis of novel chiral l-leucine grafted PEDOT derivatives with excellent electrochromic performances. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05075d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PEDOT–Boc–Leu and PEDOT–Leu exhibit excellent electrochromic performance, and are promising optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dufen Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Xuemin Duan
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Zhen
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University
- Nanchang, P. R. China
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29
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Hacioglu SO, Toksabay S, Sendur M, Toppare L. Synthesis and electrochromic properties of triphenylamine containing copolymers: Effect of π-bridge on electrochemical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serife O. Hacioglu
- Department of Chemistry; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Sinem Toksabay
- Department of Chemistry; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Merve Sendur
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology; Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GÜNAM); Middle East Technical University; 06800 Ankara Turkey
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30
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Zhang Y, Jamal R, Shao W, Abdiryim T. The mechanochemical synthesis of poly(3′,4′-ethylenedioxy-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene)/graphene nanoplatelet composites and the electrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Dutta K, Kundu PP. Amphiphiles as hydrophobicity regulator: Fine tuning the surface hydrophobicity of an electropolymerized film. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 397:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Rajendran A, Tsuchiya T, Hirata S, Iordanov TD. Predicting Properties of Organic Optoelectronic Materials: Asymptotically Corrected Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12153-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3084315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rajendran
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Takashi Tsuchiya
- Quantum Theory Project, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville,
Florida 32611, United States
| | - So Hirata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign,
Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tzvetelin D. Iordanov
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, Georgia
31709, United States
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33
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Bonillo B, Swager TM. Chain-Growth Polymerization of 2-Chlorothiophenes Promoted by Lewis Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18916-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja308498h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baltasar Bonillo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
United States
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34
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Zhao H, Liu CY, Luo SC, Zhu B, Wang TH, Hsu HF, Yu HH. Facile Syntheses of Dioxythiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers by Direct C–H Arylation. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300719n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ching-Yuan Liu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsai-Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 25137
| | - Hsiu-Fu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan 25137
| | - Hsiao-hua Yu
- Yu Initiative Research Unit, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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35
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Dutta K, Mahale RY, Arulkashmir A, Krishnamoorthy K. Reversible assembly and disassembly of micelles by a polymer that switches between hydrophilic and hydrophobic wettings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10097-10104. [PMID: 22690803 DOI: 10.1021/la301760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular complexes involving nanoscopic amphiphilic assemblies (AAs) and polyelectrolytes have been used to prepare a variety of materials, wherein the dynamic AAs retain the structural features, but the polyelectrolytes undergo conformational changes. Here we show that a charge bearing rigid conjugated polymer can alter the structural features and disassemble AAs. We also demonstrate reversible assembly and disassembly of AAs by controlling the number of charges on the rigid polymer. During the disassembly, the guest molecules sequestered in the AAs are released. The rate of release has been modulated by changing the morphology of the charge bearing polymer. Concomitant to the AAs disassembly, the polymer surface becomes hydrophobic due to the binding of the amphiphiles on the charges of the polymer backbone. By controlling the charges on the polymer, the surface wettability was varied gradually from hydrophilic to hydrophobic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dutta
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory-Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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36
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Ahn SK, Ban T, Sakthivel P, Jin SH, Gal YS, Lee JH. Synthesis and characterization of novel crosslinkable poly(propylenedioxythiophene) derivative as a buffer layer for organic light-emitting diode applications. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Jensen J, Dam HF, Reynolds JR, Dyer AL, Krebs FC. Manufacture and demonstration of organic photovoltaic-powered electrochromic displays using roll coating methods and printable electrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Qin L, Xu J, Lu B, Lu Y, Duan X, Nie G. Synthesis and electrochromic properties of polyacrylate functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) network films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Kumar A, Singh R, Gopinathan SP, Kumar A. Solvent free chemical oxidative polymerization as a universal method for the synthesis of ultra high molecular weight conjugated polymers based on 3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4905-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Gunbas G, Toppare L. Electrochromic conjugated polyheterocycles and derivatives—highlights from the last decade towards realization of long lived aspirations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1083-101. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Atak S, İçli-Özkut M, Önal AM, Cihaner A. Soluble alkyl substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxyselenophene)s: A new platform for optoelectronic materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Lin C, Endo T, Takase M, Iyoda M, Nishinaga T. Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of a Series of 3,4-Propylenedioxythiophene Oligomers in Neutral and Various Oxidation States. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11339-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2035442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takanori Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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43
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Dyer AL, Thompson EJ, Reynolds JR. Completing the color palette with spray-processable polymer electrochromics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1787-1795. [PMID: 21495668 DOI: 10.1021/am200040p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The field of electrochromic polymers has now reached an important milestone with the availability of a yellow to fully transmissive, cathodically coloring, solution-processable electroactive polymer. This is in addition to previously published electrochromic polymers that have neutral state colors that span from orange, red, magenta, blue, cyan, green, and black, that also attain highly transmissive states upon switching. With this, the full color palette is now complete allowing the largest variety of colors for transmissive and reflective electrochromic display applications. Here, we report on how we have been able to obtain this full color palette through synthetic modifications and color tuning utilizing electron rich and donor-acceptor repeat units, electron-donating substituents, and steric interactions with our 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene family of polymers. Additionally, using solubilizing pendant groups for both organic and aqueous compatibility, we have been able to create this color palette with fully solution processable materials, paving the way for materials patterning, printing, and incorporation into devices for display and window applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Dyer
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Box 117200, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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44
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Dey T, Invernale MA, Ding Y, Buyukmumcu Z, Sotzing GA. Poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene)s as a Single Platform for Full Color Realization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102580x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Dey
- The Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Michael A. Invernale
- The Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yujie Ding
- The Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zeki Buyukmumcu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Gregory A. Sotzing
- The Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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45
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Özkut Mİ, Atak S, Önal AM, Cihaner A. A blue to highly transmissive soluble electrochromic polymer based on poly(3,4-propylenedioxyselenophene) with a high stability and coloration efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04285d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Han A, Bai J, Murata Y, Komatsu K. Synthesis and characterization of the fullerene-terthiophene dyads. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Beaujuge PM, Amb CM, Reynolds JR. A side-chain defunctionalization approach yields a polymer electrochrome spray-processable from water. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:5383-7. [PMID: 20979239 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre M Beaujuge
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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48
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Huang JH, Hsu CY, Hu CW, Chu CW, Ho KC. The influence of charge trapping on the electrochromic performance of poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene) derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:351-359. [PMID: 20356180 DOI: 10.1021/am900752m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the electrochromic properties of a series of poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene) (PXDOT) derivatives featuring various ring sizes and substitutions. The presence of a bulky group on the monomer resulted in a polymer possessing a more-open morphology, which promoted reversible ionic transfer. We used an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and cyclic voltammetry to investigate the properties of these polymers. We found that both cations and anions were involved in the charge compensation process. Furthermore, PXDOT derivatives possessing larger ring sizes and/or longer alkyl substituents exhibited less trapping of ions within the polymer during the redox process. The long-term electrochromic stability of these PXDOTs depended strongly on the number of trapped ions. Although the transmittance attenuation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) decreased from 53 to 42%, we observed no significant decay for poly(diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b]-[1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT-Et(2)) after 400 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hsien Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Beaujuge PM, Reynolds JR. Color Control in π-Conjugated Organic Polymers for Use in Electrochromic Devices. Chem Rev 2010; 110:268-320. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1408] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre M. Beaujuge
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - John R. Reynolds
- The George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Huang JH, Yang CY, Hsu CY, Chen CL, Lin LY, Wang RR, Ho KC, Chu CW. Solvent-annealing-induced self-organization of poly(3-hexylthiophene), a high-performance electrochromic material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:2821-8. [PMID: 20356162 DOI: 10.1021/am900573q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have systematically studied the self-organization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), an electrochromic material, upon control of the solvent evaporation rate. We characterized these polymer films using atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Well-ordered P3HT structures were developed after solvent annealing; these highly crystalline structures exhibited enhanced electrochromic contrast and reduced resistance within the film, leading to larger coloration efficiencies and faster switching times. The optical contrast (Delta%T), coloration efficiency, and switching time of the P3HT films increased from 54.2%, 182.6 cm(2) C(-1), and 5.3 s, respectively, prior to solvent annealing to 64.8%, 293.5 cm(2) C(-1), and 3.2 s, respectively, after application of the solvent-annealing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hsien Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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