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Dutta A, Chanda J, Bhandary T, Das SK, Banerjee SS, Ghosh P, Das Gupta S, Mukhopadhyay R. Influence of organically modified clays on the barrier properties of bromo butyl rubber composites for tyre inner liner application. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2089579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dutta
- Department of Material Research Group, Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Jagannath Chanda
- Department of Material Research Group, Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Tirthankar Bhandary
- Department of Material Research Group, Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar Das
- Department of Material Research Group, Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Shib Shankar Banerjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, India
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department of Material Research Group, Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Saikat Das Gupta
- Department of Material Research Group, Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Rabindra Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Material Research Group, Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute, Mysore, India
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2
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Polycarbonate/mica extrusion using mixing elements: Improvement of transparency and thermal, mechanical and water and gas barrier properties. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Strategies for Producing Improved Oxygen Barrier Materials Appropriate for the Food Packaging Sector. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4
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Preparation of Polyanionic Cellulosic Microparticles with Antioxidant Capacity by Introducing Sulphurous Acid Groups onto Cellulose. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/2374792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we presented a facile pathway to fabricate polyanionic cellulosic microparticles by selective oxidation with sodium periodate firstly, followed by grafting sodium bisulfite to the 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose particles. The obtained polyanionic cellulosic microparticles with the particle size of 2-4 μm had increased stability in water, and it had pH responsiveness. Moreover, the polyanionic cellulosic microparticles had excellent film-forming property, and the tensile strength of the film formed from pristine cellulose particles was about 40 MPa, and it increased to 64 MPa for the film formed from SRC-50 particles. Furthermore, the polyanionic cellulosic microparticles had certain reduction ability, and it could be used as coating to cover the surface of fruits or vegetables, and it could prevent the discoloration of the fresh-cut potato. The cellulose based particle coating with excellent antibrowning capacity, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly characteristics would be attractive for the applications in packaging material for food preservation.
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Chen T, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Rao F, Song S. Preparation of Montmorillonite Nanosheets through Freezing/Thawing and Ultrasonic Exfoliation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2368-2374. [PMID: 30645941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The exfoliation of layered montmorillonite (MMT) into mono- or few-layer sheets is of significance for both fundamental studies and potential applications. In this report, exfoliated MMT nanosheets with different aspect ratios have been prepared via a new freezing/thawing-ultrasonic exfoliation method. Freezing/thawing processing can exfoliate MMT tactoids with low efficiency while virtually retaining the original lateral size. The ultrasonic method has better exfoliation efficiency but tends to damage the nanosheets. By combining them and reasonably controlling the cycle index of freezing/thawing and ultrasonic power, the MMT nanosheets with different aspect ratios have been prepared efficiently. Such a unique exfoliation method has broad applicability for layered materials to produce monolayer nanosheets on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Feng Rao
- Instituto de Investigacion en Metalurgia y Materiales , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo , Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia , Michoacan 58030 , Mexico
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6
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Montella G, Purdy AP, Qadri SB, Bhattarai N, Stroud RM, Roland CM. DISPERSION OF NANOCLAY IN 1,4-POLYBUTADIENE. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.18.81567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Two approaches to obtaining better dispersion of organo-modified nanoclay in high-molecular weight polybutadiene were assessed: (1) chemical modification of the polymer to increase its affinity for the silicate layers and (2) increasing the stretching component of the flow field used to mix the materials. As expected, the degree of dispersion, that is, the extent of intercalation of the polymer into the clay galleries and amount of exfoliation of the clay layers, increased with closer matching of the respective solubility parameters of the components. The efficiency of mechanical mixing was greater for flow fields dominated by stretching (extensional flow); less mix energy had to be expended to achieve a given level of reinforcement. However, without sufficient affinity of the polymer for the clay, complete exfoliation could not be obtained solely by mixing. Nevertheless, incomplete dispersion of the nanoclay still yields more than 40-fold increases in viscosity with 5% clay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. B. Qadri
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342
| | - N. Bhattarai
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342
| | - R. M. Stroud
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342
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7
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Zarei A, Jalali-Arani A. The relationship of vulcanization and structural characteristics-dispersion of organoclay-mechanical properties in (butadiene rubber/natural rubber) based nanocomposite. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zarei
- Mahshahr Campus; Amirkabir University of Technology; Mahshahr Iran
| | - Azam Jalali-Arani
- Department of Polymer Engineering & Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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8
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Rao Y, Liu A, O'Connell K. Barrier properties and structure of liquid crystalline epoxy and its nanocomposites. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Purut Koc O, Bekin Acar S, Uyar T, Tasdelen MA. In situ preparation of thermoset/clay nanocomposites via thiol-epoxy click chemistry. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Abstract
Phyllosilicate (clay) is used as a filler to improve the thermal stability and gas barrier properties of plastic films. However, few film preparation trials used clays as the main component. Many researchers have studied clay-based films (CBFs) that are heat-resistant and have high gas barrier properties against various gases (such as oxygen, water vapor, and hydrogen) over a wide range of temperatures. An organic binder improves the film toughness, but increases gas permeation. CBFs are obtained by solution casting and show excellent incombustibility and electrical insulation. Moreover, transparent films, e. g. for optoelectronic applications, can be prepared using synthetic clay, which does not contain colored impurities. The water vapor barrier properties of CBFs were achieved using reduced-charge smectite. Applications of CBF materials include food packaging, solar cell back sheets, hydrogen tanks, gaskets, water vapor barrier display films, substrates for printed electronics, thermal insulation, and electric insulation. Recent achievements in the field and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Ebina
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Nigatake 4-2-1, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-8551, Japan
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11
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Roilo D, Patil PN, Brusa RS, Miotello A, Aghion S, Ferragut R, Checchetto R. Polymer rigidification in graphene based nanocomposites: Gas barrier effects and free volume reduction. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Mittal V, Chaudhry AU. Polyethylene-thermally reduced graphene nanocomposites: comparison of masterbatch and direct melt mixing approaches on mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-3929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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14
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Liquid-rubber-modified epoxy/clay nanocomposites: effect of dispersion methods on morphology and ultimate properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Priolo MA, Holder KM, Guin T, Grunlan JC. Recent Advances in Gas Barrier Thin Films via Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polymers and Platelets. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:866-79. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A. Priolo
- 3M Corporate Research Materials Laboratory; 3M Center, Building 201-4N-01, St. Paul Minnesota 55144 USA
| | - Kevin M. Holder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Tyler Guin
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas 77843 USA
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16
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Liu J, Zhou K, Wen P, Wang B, Hu Y, Gui Z. The influence of multiple modified MMT on the thermal and fire behavior of poly (lactic acid) nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Panyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
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17
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Li P, Huang TC, White KL, Hawkins S, Kotaki M, Nishimura R, Sue HJ. Spray-coated epoxy barrier films containing high aspect ratio functionalized graphene nanosheets. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15363h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy nanocomposite spray-coatings containing large aspect ratio modified graphene (MG) were successfully prepared in a facile manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Tsao-Cheng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Kevin L. White
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Spencer Hawkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Masaya Kotaki
- Material Research Center
- Kaneka Americas Holding, Inc
- College Station
- USA
| | - Riichi Nishimura
- Frontier Materials Development Laboratories
- Kaneka Corporation
- Osaka 530-8288
- Japan
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
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18
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Cui Y, Kumar S, Rao Kona B, van Houcke D. Gas barrier properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art progress on the use of clay for the gas barrier properties of polymer nanocomposites have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Cui
- Institute Center for Microsystems (iMicro)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (MME)
- Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
- Abu Dhabi
- U.A.E
| | - S. Kumar
- Institute Center for Microsystems (iMicro)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (MME)
- Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
- Abu Dhabi
- U.A.E
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19
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Geyer B, Röhner S, Lorenz G, Kandelbauer A. Improved thermostability and interfacial matching of nanoclay filler and ethylene vinyl alcohol matrix by silane-modification. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Geyer
- Reutlingen Research Institute (RRI); Reutlingen University; Alteburgstrasse 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Stefan Röhner
- Reutlingen Research Institute (RRI); Reutlingen University; Alteburgstrasse 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Günter Lorenz
- Reutlingen Research Institute (RRI); Reutlingen University; Alteburgstrasse 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
- School of Applied Chemistry; Reutlingen University; Alteburgstrasse 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Andreas Kandelbauer
- Reutlingen Research Institute (RRI); Reutlingen University; Alteburgstrasse 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
- School of Applied Chemistry; Reutlingen University; Alteburgstrasse 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
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20
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Synthesis of epoxy encapsulated organoclay nanocomposite latex via phase inversion emulsification and its gas barrier property. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Yang Q, Wu CN, Saito T, Isogai A. Cellulose–clay layered nanocomposite films fabricated from aqueous cellulose/LiOH/urea solution. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 100:179-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Shamini G, Yusoh K. Gas Permeability Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Modified Clay Nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7763/ijcea.2014.v5.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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23
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Calderon JU, Lennox B, Kamal MR. Polystyrene/Phosphonium Organoclay Nanocomposites by Melt Compounding. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polystyrene-montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding, using several ammonium and phosphonium organoclays. Melt processing was carried out in a twin screw extrusion system, specially modified to produce improved dispersion and longer residence time. The effect of molecular weight of polystyrene on clay dispersion and property enhancement was evaluated. Nanocomposite structure was characterized by wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal stability and mechanical and barrier properties were also determined. The quality of dispersion of organically modified montmorillonite depended on the molecular weight of the polystyrene resin. Barrier properties were measured and compared to predictions of permeability models available in the literature. Clay dispersion and property enhancement were explained in relation to the surface characteristics of the organoclays, and the work of adhesion at the polystyrene-clay interface was correlated with the tensile modulus of the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. U. Calderon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B. Lennox
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M. R. Kamal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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24
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Effect of Attapulgite Nanorods and Calcium Sulfate Microwhiskers on the Reaction-Induced Phase Separation of Epoxy/PES Blends. INT J POLYM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/268953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of two kinds of mesoscale inorganic rod fillers, nanoscale attapulgite and micron-sized CaSO4whisker, on the reaction-induced phase separation of epoxy/aromatic amine/poly- (ether sulfone) (PES) blends has been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and time resolved light scattering (TRLS). By varying the PES concentration and curing temperature, we found that the incorporation of attapulgite and CaSO4had dramatic impact on the phase separation process and the final phase morphology of blends. In blends at higher content than critical concentration, the process of phase separation was retarded by the incorporation of nanoscale fillers but accelerated by that of the micron-sized fillers, mainly due to the enhanced viscoelastic effect and the preferential wettable effect, respectively. Meanwhile both mesoscale fillers could change the cocontinuous phase structure of blends with lower PES content than critical concentration into PES-rich dispersed structure due to the surface affinity of fillers to epoxy matrix.
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25
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26
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Vijayan P P, Puglia D, Maria HJ, Kenny JM, Thomas S. Clay nanostructure and its localisation in an epoxy/liquid rubber blend. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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Suin S, Shrivastava NK, Maiti S, Khatua B. Phosphonium modified organoclay as potential nanofiller for the development of exfoliated and optically transparent polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites: Preparation and characterizations. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Aulin C, Salazar-Alvarez G, Lindström T. High strength, flexible and transparent nanofibrillated cellulose-nanoclay biohybrid films with tunable oxygen and water vapor permeability. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6622-6628. [PMID: 22976562 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel, technically and economically benign procedure to combine vermiculite nanoplatelets with nanocellulose fibre dispersions into functional biohybrid films is presented. Nanocellulose fibres of 20 nm diameters and several micrometers in length are mixed with high aspect ratio exfoliated vermiculite nanoplatelets through high-pressure homogenization. The resulting hybrid films obtained after solvent evaporation are stiff (tensile modulus of 17.3 GPa), strong (strength up to 257 MPa), and transparent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the hybrid films consist of stratified nacre-like layers with a homogenous distribution of nanoplatelets within the nanocellulose matrix. The oxygen barrier properties of the biohybrid films outperform commercial packaging materials and pure nanocellulose films showing an oxygen permeability of 0.07 cm(3) μm m(-2) d(-1) kPa(-1) at 50% relative humidity. The oxygen permeability of the hybrid films can be tuned by adjusting the composition of the films. Furthermore, the water vapor barrier properties of the biohybrid films were also significantly improved by the addition of nanoclay. The unique combination of excellent oxygen barrier behavior and optical transparency suggests the potential of these biohybrid materials as an alternative in flexible packaging of oxygen sensitive devices such as thin-film transistors or organic light-emitting diode displays, gas storage applications and as barrier coatings/laminations in large volume packaging applications.
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29
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Hou L, Liu Y. Morphology and thermal/mechanical properties of alkyl-imidazolium-treated rectorite/epoxy nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Composite layer formation on plastic substrates for flexible display by using functionalized nanoclay. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Jung A, Peter K, Demco DE, Jehnichen D, Moeller M. Nanocomposites Based on Layered Silicates and Epoxy Resins: Measurement of Clay Dispersion and Exfoliation using TEM, Solid-State NMR, and X-ray Diffraction Methods. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Colombo A, Tassone F, Mauri M, Salerno D, Delaney JK, Palmer MR, Rie RDL, Simonutti R. Highly transparent nanocomposite films from water-based poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/TiO2 dispersions. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20571h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Fasihi M, Abolghasemi MR. Oxygen barrier and mechanical properties of masterbatch‐based PA6/nanoclay composite films. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fasihi
- Technology of Polymer Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Branch of Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abolghasemi
- Technology of Polymer Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Branch of Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Priolo MA, Holder KM, Gamboa D, Grunlan JC. Influence of clay concentration on the gas barrier of clay-polymer nanobrick wall thin film assemblies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:12106-14. [PMID: 21859104 DOI: 10.1021/la201584r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the clay deposition suspension concentration on gas barrier thin films of sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay and branched polyethylenimine (PEI), created via layer-by-layer assembly, was investigated. Films grown with MMT suspension concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.0 wt % were analyzed for their growth as a function of deposited polymer-clay bilayers (BL) and their thickness, clay concentration, transparency, nanostructure, and oxygen barrier as a function of the suspension concentration. The film thickness doubles and the visible light transmission decreases less than 5% as a function of MMT concentration for 20-BL films. Atomic force and transmission electron microscope images reveal a highly aligned nanobrick wall structure, with quartz crystal microbalance measurements revealing a slight increase in the film clay concentration as the MMT suspension concentration increases. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) through these 20-BL composites, deposited on a 179 μm poly(ethylene terephthalate) film, decreases exponentially as a function of the MMT clay concentration. A 24-BL film created with 2.0 wt % MMT has an OTR below the detection limit of commercial instrumentation (<0.005 cc/m(2)·day·atm). This study demonstrates an optimal clay suspension concentration to use when creating LbL barrier films, which minimizes deposition steps and the overall processing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Priolo
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Sapalidis AA, Katsaros FK, Steriotis TA, Kanellopoulos NK. Properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)-Bentonite clay nanocomposite films in relation to polymer-clay interactions. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rosenthal M, Anokhin DV, Defaux M, Portale G, Ivanov DA. Exploring the structure of inter-platelet galleries in organically modified montmorillonite using the small-angle X-ray scattering interface distribution function approach. J Appl Crystallogr 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889811019121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering interface distribution function (IDF) analysis is successfully applied to evaluate the two- and three-phase inter-platelet gallery structure in synthetic montmorillonite (MMT) modified with a mixture of chemically grafted and physically adsorbed chains of a typical organic modifier, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Two distinctly different states of adsorbed chains in the inter-platelet galleries are identified. The first one corresponds to a fully cation-exchanged structure with an inter-platelet distance of about 21 Å. In this case the organic modifier is in a liquid-like state, and the system does not exhibit any structural or thermal transitions between ambient temperature and 433 K. When the number of adsorbed chains exceeds the cation-exchange capacity of the MMT platelets the inter-platelet spacing is increased to 43 Å. In this case, the variable-temperature IDFs reveal partially crystalline order in the inter-platelet galleries, which vanishes at the melting point of the alkyl tails confined in the galleries.
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Priolo MA, Gamboa D, Holder KM, Grunlan JC. Super gas barrier of transparent polymer-clay multilayer ultrathin films. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:4970-4974. [PMID: 21047123 DOI: 10.1021/nl103047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and transparent polymeric "superbarrier" packaging materials have become increasingly important in recent years. Layer-by-layer assembly offers a facile technique for the fabrication of layered, polymer-clay superbarrier thin films. At only 51 nm thick, these nanocomposite thin films, comprised of 12 polymer and 4 clay layers, exhibit an oxygen permeability orders of magnitude lower than EVOH and SiOx. Coupling high flexibility, transparency, and barrier protection, these films are good candidates for a variety packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Priolo
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
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Nawani P, Burger C, Rong L, Chu B, Hsiao BS, Tsou AH, Weng W. Characterization of nanoclay orientation in polymer nanocomposite film by small-angle X-ray scattering. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mittal V. Polymer Nanocomposites in Emulsion and Suspension: an Overview. POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES BY EMULSION AND SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849732192-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites have been a subject of intense research in the recent yeas. By nanoscale dispersion of inorganic fillers in the polymer matrices, significant enhancements in the properties of the materials have been achieved at very low filler volume fractions. Different modes of nanocomposite synthesis have been developed in the recent years which include template synthesis, in-situ polymerization, melt intercalation and polymer or prepolymer adsorption from solution. The last methodology also covers emulsion and suspension polymerization techniques for the synthesis of nanocomposites. These emulsion and suspension modes of polymer nanocomposite synthesis have the advantage that the polymerization is carried out in the presence of water which does not allow buildup of viscosity and the heat dissipation from the system is also easily achieved. The potential thermal damage to the polymer and the organic modification usually encountered in the melt intercalation is also avoided in the case of emulsion and suspension polymerization. Different polymer systems have been reported like polystyrene, polyurethanes, epoxy, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(butyl acrylate) etc. Specific synthetic methodologies like surfactant free polymerization, controlled living polymerization etc. have also been reported to successfully achieve nanocomposites with superior properties than the pure polymers. Majority of the studies bring home the conclusion that the amount of clay as well as surface modification present on clay surface significantly affect the microstructure and properties of the nanocomposite particles. Apart from clay as filler, many studies also have used the spherical inorganic particles as reinforcements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Mittal
- BASF SE, Polymer Research, 67069 Ludwigshafen Germany
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Maksimov RD, Lagzdins A, Lilichenko N, Plume E. Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of starch/montmorillonite nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
This review aims to present recent advances in the synthesis and structure characterization as well as the properties of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. The advent of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites has revolutionized research into polymer composite materials. Nanocomposites are organic-inorganic hybrid materials in which at least one dimension of the filler is less than 100 nm. A number of synthesis routes have been developed in the recent years to prepare these materials, which include intercalation of polymers or pre-polymers from solution, in-situ polymerization, melt intercalation etc. The nanocomposites where the filler platelets can be dispersed in the polymer at the nanometer scale owing to the specific filler surface modifications, exhibit significant improvement in the composite properties, which include enhanced mechanical strength, gas barrier, thermal stability, flame retardancy etc. Only a small amount of filler is generally required for the enhancement in the properties, which helps the composite materials retain transparency and low density.
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Shih YF, Wang TY, Jeng RJ, Wu JY, Wuu DS. Cross-linked and uncross-linked biodegradable nanocomposites. I. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and gas permeability. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lu YL, Li Z, Mao LX, Li Y, Wu YP, Liang YR, Zhang LQ. Impact of curing temperature on microstructures and properties of isobutylene-isoprene rubber/clay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Minelli M, De Angelis M, Doghieri F, Marini M, Toselli M, Pilati F. Oxygen permeability of novel organic–inorganic coatings: I. Effects of organic–inorganic ratio and molecular weight of the organic component. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Venugopal B, Ravishankar N, Rajamathi M. Interstratification of trioctahedral and dioctahedral smectites through delamination and costacking. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 324:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kongkhlang T, Kousaka Y, Umemura T, Nakaya D, Thuamthong W, Pattamamongkolchai Y, Chirachanchai S. Role of primary amine in polyoxymethylene (POM)/bentonite nanocomposite formation. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen B, Evans JRG, Greenwell HC, Boulet P, Coveney PV, Bowden AA, Whiting A. A critical appraisal of polymer-clay nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 37:568-94. [PMID: 18224264 DOI: 10.1039/b702653f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The surge of interest in and scientific publications on the structure and properties of nanocomposites has made it rather difficult for the novice to comprehend the physical structure of these new materials and the relationship between their properties and those of the conventional range of composite materials. Some of the questions that arise are: How should the reinforcement volume fraction be calculated? How can the clay gallery contents be assessed? How can the ratio of intercalate to exfoliate be found? Does polymerization occur in the clay galleries? How is the crystallinity of semi-crystalline polymers affected by intercalation? What role do the mobilities of adsorbed molecules and clay platelets have? How much information can conventional X-ray diffraction offer? What is the thermodynamic driving force for intercalation and exfoliation? What is the elastic modulus of clay platelets? The growth of computer simulation techniques applied to clay materials has been rapid, with insight gained into the structure, dynamics and reactivity of polymer-clay systems. However these techniques operate on the basis of approximations, which may not be clear to the non-specialist. This critical review attempts to assess these issues from the viewpoint of traditional composites thereby embedding these new materials in a wider context to which conventional composite theory can be applied. (210 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiong Chen
- Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK
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Mittal V. Esterification reactions on the surface of layered silicate clay platelets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 315:135-41. [PMID: 17612554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 06/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Montmorillonite platelets were modified with ammonium ions of different chemical architectures in order to study the effect of ammonium ions on the extent of surface reactions with long chain fatty acids. Varying number of hydroxyl groups and the presence of octadecyl chains in the ammonium modifications were the attributes studied. The outcome of the surface esterification was analyzed by thermogravimetric studies, IR spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction. The extent of surface reaction was observed to be extremely dependent on the chemical architecture of the ammonium ion attached to the surface. Different resulting interlayer polarity and swelling of the modified clay in the solvent owing to the solvent-modification interactions led to different extents of surface esterification. In general, it was observed that increasing the number of hydroxyl groups in combination with the octadecyl chain present in the modification was successful in generating high density brushes on the clay surface which also was responsible for achieving higher basal plane spacing of the montmorillonite platelets owing to the reduction of electrostatic interactions holding them.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mittal
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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