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Shrivastava S, Upadhyay A, Pradhan SS, Saha S, Singh A. Evolution Kinetics of Stabilizing Pickering Emulsion by Brush-Modified Janus Particles: DPD Simulation and Experimental Insights. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13920-13934. [PMID: 38809114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the evolution of stabilizing Pickering emulsions using brush-modified Janus particles (JPs), utilizing the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation technique. Our results are subsequently corroborated with experimental findings. Each JP has one-half of the hydrophobic surface, with the other half embedded with hydrophilic polymer brushes grown via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Our generic simulation model analyzes the chemical kinetics of polymer brush growth on one-half of the initiator-embedded microparticle (MP) surface, resulting in the formation of JP. This involves evaluating monomer conversion and reaction rates. Our results exhibit a substantial influence of the number of JPs, grafted brush density, and brush length on oil-in-water emulsion stability. We studied the evolution kinetics and stability of emulsion formation by analyzing the growth of average domain size and corresponding scaling functions up to a late time limit. This study aims to clarify the connection between the size, quantity, and functionality of JPs and the stability of Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Shrivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashank Upadhyay
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Huang Z, Gu C, Li J, Xiang P, Liao Y, Jiang BP, Ji S, Shen XC. Surface-Initiated Polymerization with an Initiator Gradient: A Monte Carlo Simulation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1203. [PMID: 38732672 PMCID: PMC11085584 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the difficulty of accurately characterizing properties such as the molecular weight (Mn) and grafting density (σ) of gradient brushes (GBs), these properties are traditionally assumed to be uniform in space to simplify analysis. Applying a stochastic reaction model (SRM) developed for heterogeneous polymerizations, we explored surface-initiated polymerizations (SIPs) with initiator gradients in lattice Monte Carlo simulations to examine this assumption. An initial exploration of SIPs with 'homogeneously' distributed initiators revealed that increasing σ slows down the polymerization process, resulting in polymers with lower molecular weight and larger dispersity (Đ) for a given reaction time. In SIPs with an initiator gradient, we observed that the properties of the polymers are position-dependent, with lower Mn and larger Đ in regions of higher σ, indicating the non-uniform properties of polymers in GBs. The results reveal a significant deviation in the scaling behavior of brush height with σ compared to experimental data and theoretical predictions, and this deviation is attributed to the non-uniform Mn and Đ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (Z.H.); (B.-P.J.)
| | - Caixia Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (Z.H.); (B.-P.J.)
| | - Jiahao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (Z.H.); (B.-P.J.)
| | - Peng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (Z.H.); (B.-P.J.)
| | - Yanda Liao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering & School of Software, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Bang-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (Z.H.); (B.-P.J.)
| | - Shichen Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (Z.H.); (B.-P.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China; (Z.H.); (B.-P.J.)
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3
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Umar AK, Limpikirati PK, Luckanagul JA. From Linear to Nets: Multiconfiguration Polymer Structure Generation with PolyFlin. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6717-6726. [PMID: 37851376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular modeling and simulations are essential tools in polymer science and engineering, enabling researchers to predict and understand the properties of macromolecules, including their structure, dynamics, thermodynamics, and overall material characteristics. However, one of the key challenges in polymer simulation and modeling lies in the initial topology design, as existing programs often lack the capability to generate all types of polymer forms. In this study, we present PolyFlin, a powerful Python module that addresses this limitation by allowing the generation of a wide range of polymer structures, from simple homopolymers to complex copolymers, including grafts, cyclic, star, dendrimers, and nets. PolyFlin offers a versatile and efficient tool for exploring and creating diverse polymer architectures, facilitating advancements in various fields that require precise polymer modeling and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Medical Informatics Laboratory, ETFLIN, Palu 94225, Indonesia
| | - Patanachai K Limpikirati
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Metabolomics for Life Sciences Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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4
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Li W. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ideal Living Polymerization: Terminal Model and Kinetic Aspects. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7624-7635. [PMID: 37642203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Living polymerization is an important synthetic approach to achieving precise control of synthesized polymers, which is crucial for their applications. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) prescribes the macroscopic properties of polymers and hence is a key feature to characterize polymerization. In this work, we present a systematic molecular dynamics simulation study of ideal living polymerization in bulk and surface-initiated systems based on a terminal stochastic reaction model. The evolution of polymer dispersity and MWD along with the polymerization process is examined. We demonstrate that MWD is generally well captured by the Schulz-Zimm distribution for bulk and surface-initiated systems with low grafting densities. However, as the grafting density in the surface-initiated case increases, heterogeneity in chain growth emerges due to the kinetic trapping of reactive sites, which causes the starving of short chains and the thriving of minority long chains such that a shoulder region shows up in MWD. This effect can be enhanced by kinetic compressing induced by polymerization. In addition, the interplay of bonding reaction kinetics and other kinetic properties (e.g., mass transfer and polymer relaxation) is further explored, alongside the influences of bonding probability and reactant concentration. We expect that this investigation will aid in our understanding of typical kinetic aspects of living polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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5
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Gioldasis C, Gkamas A, Moultos OA, Vlahos CH. Chemical Feedback in Templated Reaction-Assembly of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles: A Molecular Simulation Study of the Kinetics and Clustering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3024. [PMID: 37514414 PMCID: PMC10383549 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical feedback between building blocks in templated polymerization of diblock copolymers and their consecutive micellization was studied for the first time by means of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Using a stochastic polymerization model, we were able to reproduce the experimental findings on the effect of chemical feedback on the polymerization rates at low and high solution concentrations. The size and shape of micelles were computed using a newly developed software in Python conjugated with graph theory. In full agreement with the experiments, our simulations revealed that micelles formed by the templated micellization are more spherical and have a lower radius of gyration than those formed by the traditional two-step micellization method. The advantage of molecular simulation over the traditional kinetic models is that with the simulation, one studies in detail the heterogeneous polymerization in the presence of the oppositely charged template while also accounting for the incompatibility between reacted species, which significantly influences the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apostolos Gkamas
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Othonas A Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
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6
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Polanowski P, Jeszka JK, Matyjaszewski K. Crosslinking and Gelation of Polymer Brushes and Free Polymer Chains in a Confined Space during Controlled Radical Polymerization─A Computer Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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7
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Brotherton EE, Johnson EC, Smallridge MJ, Hammond DB, Leggett GJ, Armes SP. Hydrophilic Aldehyde-Functional Polymer Brushes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Bioapplications. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2070-2080. [PMID: 36938510 PMCID: PMC10018759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) is used to polymerize a cis-diol-functional methacrylic monomer (herein denoted GEO5MA) from planar silicon wafers. Ellipsometry studies indicated dry brush thicknesses ranging from 40 to 120 nm. The hydrophilic PGEO5MA brush is then selectively oxidized using sodium periodate to produce an aldehyde-functional hydrophilic PAGEO5MA brush. This post-polymerization modification strategy provides access to significantly thicker brushes compared to those obtained by surface-initiated ARGET ATRP of the corresponding aldehyde-functional methacrylic monomer (AGEO5MA). The much slower brush growth achieved in the latter case is attributed to the relatively low aqueous solubility of the AGEO5MA monomer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that precursor PGEO5MA brushes were essentially fully oxidized to the corresponding PAGEO5MA brushes within 30 min of exposure to a dilute aqueous solution of sodium periodate at 22 °C. PAGEO5MA brushes were then functionalized via Schiff base chemistry using an amino acid (histidine), followed by reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride. Subsequent XPS analysis indicated that the mean degree of histidine functionalization achieved under optimized conditions was approximately 81%. Moreover, an XPS depth profiling experiment confirmed that the histidine groups were uniformly distributed throughout the brush layer. Surface ζ potential measurements indicated a significant change in the electrophoretic behavior of the zwitterionic histidine-functionalized brush relative to that of the non-ionic PGEO5MA precursor brush. The former brush exhibited cationic character at low pH and anionic character at high pH, with an isoelectric point being observed at around pH 7. Finally, quartz crystal microbalance studies indicated minimal adsorption of a model globular protein (BSA) on a PGEO5MA brush-coated substrate, whereas strong protein adsorption via Schiff base chemistry occurred on a PAGEO5MA brush-coated substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Brotherton
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | | | - Deborah B. Hammond
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Leggett
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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8
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Petrov A, Chertovich AV, Gavrilov AA. Phase Diagrams of Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Are Largely Determined by Polymer Recombination. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235331. [PMID: 36501725 PMCID: PMC9736918 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, atom transfer radical polymerization-induced self-assembly (ATRP PISA) phase diagrams were obtained by the means of dissipative particle dynamics simulations. A fast algorithm for determining the equilibrium morphology of block copolymer aggregates was developed. Our goal was to assess how the chemical nature of ATRP affects the self-assembly of diblock copolymers in the course of PISA. We discovered that the chain growth termination via recombination played a key role in determining the ATRP PISA phase diagrams. In particular, ATRP with turned off recombination yielded a PISA phase diagram very similar to that obtained for a simple ideal living polymerization process. However, an increase in the recombination probability led to a significant change of the phase diagram: the transition between cylindrical micelles and vesicles was strongly shifted, and a dependence of the aggregate morphology on the concentration was observed. We speculate that this effect occurred due to the simultaneous action of two factors: the triblock copolymer architecture of the terminated chains and the dispersity of the solvophobic blocks. We showed that these two factors affected the phase diagram weakly if they acted separately; however, their combination, which naturally occurs during ATRP, affected the ATRP PISA phase diagram strongly. We suggest that the recombination reaction is a key factor leading to the complexity of experimental PISA phase diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Petrov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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A Simple Stochastic Reaction Model for Heterogeneous Polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163269. [PMID: 36015526 PMCID: PMC9414839 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stochastic reaction model (SRM) treats polymerization as a pure probability‐based issue, which is widely applied to simulate various polymerization processes. However, in many studies, active centers were assumed to react with the same probability, which cannot reflect the heterogeneous reaction microenvironment in heterogeneous polymerizations. Recently, we have proposed a simple SRM, in which the reaction probability of an active center is directly determined by the local reaction microenvironment. In this paper, we compared this simple SRM with other SRMs by examining living polymerizations with randomly dispersed and spatially localized initiators. The results confirmed that the reaction microenvironment plays an important role in heterogeneous polymerizations. This simple SRM provides a good choice to simulate various polymerizations.
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10
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Shrivastava S, Ifra, Saha S, Singh A. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation study on ATRP-brush modification of variably shaped surfaces and biopolymer adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17986-18003. [PMID: 35856807 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01749k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation study on the surface modification of initiator embedded microparticles (MPs) of different shapes via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) brush growth. The surface-initiated ATRP-brush growth leads to the formation of a more globular MP shape. We perform the comparative analysis of ATRP-brush growth on three different forms of particle surfaces: cup surface, spherical surface, and flat surface (rectangular/disk-shaped). First, we establish the chemical kinetics of the brush growth: the monomer conversion and the reaction rates. Next, we discuss the structural changes (shape-modification) of brush-modified surfaces by computing the radial distribution function, spatial density distribution, radius of gyration, hydrodynamic radius, and shape factor. The polymer brush-modified particles are well known as the carrier materials for enzyme immobilization. Finally, we study the biopolymer adsorption on ATRP-brush modified particles in a compatible solution. In particular, we explore the effect of ATRP-brush length, biopolymer chain length, and concentration on the adsorption process. Our results illustrate the enhanced biopolymer adsorption with increased brush length, initiator concentration, and biopolymer concentration. Most importantly, when adsorption reaches saturation, the flat surface loads more biopolymers than the other two surfaces. The experimental results verified the same, considering the disk-shaped flat surface particles, cup-shaped particles, and spherical particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Shrivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ifra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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11
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Rolińska K, Mazurek-Budzyńska M, Parzuchowski PG, Wołosz D, Balk M, Gorący K, El Fray M, Polanowski P, Sikorski A. Synthesis of Shape-Memory Polyurethanes: Combined Experimental and Simulation Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137064. [PMID: 35806067 PMCID: PMC9266580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The presented research focuses on the synthesis and structure–properties relationship of poly(carbonate-urea-urethane) (PCUU) systems including investigations on shape-memory effect capability. Furthermore, we approached the topic from a broader perspective by conducting extensive analysis of the relationship between the synthesized compounds and the results of computer simulations by means of the Monte Carlo method. For the first time, by using a unique simulation tool, the dynamic lattice liquid model (DLL), all steps of multi-step synthesis of these materials were covered by the simulations. Furthermore, broad thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical characterization of synthesized PCUUs was performed, as well as determining the shape-memory properties. PCUUs exhibited good mechanical properties with a tensile strength above 20 MPa, elongation at break around 800%, and an exhibited shape-memory effect with shape fixity and shape recovery ratios above 94% and 99%, respectively. The dynamic lattice liquid model was employed to show the products and their molar mass distribution, as well as monomer conversion or the dispersity index for individual reaction steps. The results obtained in the following manuscript allow the planning of syntheses for the PCUUs of various structures, including crosslinked and soluble systems, which can provide a broad variety of applications of these materials, as well as a better understanding of the composition–properties relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rolińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (P.G.P.); (D.W.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-234-7317
| | - Magdalena Mazurek-Budzyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (P.G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Paweł G. Parzuchowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (P.G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Dominik Wołosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (P.G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Maria Balk
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany;
| | - Krzysztof Gorący
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (M.E.F.)
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Avenue 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (K.G.); (M.E.F.)
| | - Piotr Polanowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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12
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Precision Polymer Synthesis by Controlled Radical Polymerization: Fusing the progress from Polymer Chemistry and Reaction Engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Yang B, Liu S, Ma J, Yang Y, Li J, Jiang BP, Ji S, Shen XC. Monte Carlo Simulation of Surface-Initiated Polymerization: Heterogeneous Reaction Environment. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiashu Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Bang-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shichen Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medical Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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14
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Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV. Simulation of the RAFT polymerization in 3D: steric restrictions and incompatibility between species. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we developed a RAFT polymerization model taking into account the main reactions of the experimental RAFT process and implemented that model in dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). With...
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15
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Polymerization and Structure of Opposing Polymer Brushes Studied by Computer Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244294. [PMID: 34960846 PMCID: PMC8706839 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A model of the polymerization process during the formation of a pair of polymer brushes was designed and investigated. The obtained system consisted of two impenetrable parallel surfaces with the same number of chains grafted on both surfaces. Coarse-grained chains embedded in nodes of a face-centered cubic lattice with excluded volume interactions were obtained by a ‘grafted from’ procedure. The structure of synthesized macromolecular systems was also studied. Monte Carlo simulations using the dynamic lattice liquid model were employed using dedicated parallel machine ARUZ in a large size and time scale. The parameters of the polymerization process were found to be crucial for the proper structure of the brush. It was found that for high grafting densities, chains were increasingly compressed, and there is surprisingly little interpenetration of chains from opposite surfaces. It was predicted and confirmed that in a polydisperse sample, the longer chains have unique configurations consisting of a stretched stem and a coiled crown.
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16
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Polanowski P, Sikorski A. The structure of polymer brushes: the transition from dilute to dense systems: a computer simulation study. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10516-10526. [PMID: 34755154 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse polymer brushes were studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. A coarse-grained model of a polymer brush was designed and the Cooperative Motion Algorithm was employed to model the polymerization process 'grafted from' and to study the structure of a brush immersed in a good solvent. The structure of brushes was determined as a function of the chain length and the grafting density. The influence of these parameters on the scaling properties of the brush was presented and discussed. A thorough analysis of the distribution of concentrations of the polymer segments and the distribution of chain free ends was also carried out. The analysis of the depth of penetration of the low molecular weight solvent into the brush area showed that the main factor determining the penetration is the grafting density. Good agreement between the simulation results and theoretical predictions is observed, especially for longer chains and higher grafting density. The origin of small quantitative differences between the simulation and theoretical results is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Polanowski
- Department of Molecular Physics, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-93 Warsaw, Poland.
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Arraez FJ, Van Steenberge PHM, Sobieski J, Matyjaszewski K, D’hooge DR. Conformational Variations for Surface-Initiated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization: From Flat to Curved Nanoparticle Surfaces. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Arraez
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | | | - Julian Sobieski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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18
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Hałagan K, Banaszak M, Jung J, Polanowski P, Sikorski A. Dynamics of Opposing Polymer Brushes: A Computer Simulation Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2758. [PMID: 34451296 PMCID: PMC8398710 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Opposing polymer brush systems were synthesized and investigated by molecular modeling. Chains were restricted to a face-centered cubic lattice with the excluded volume interactions only. The system was confined between two parallel impenetrable walls, with the same number of chains grafted to each surface. The dynamic properties of such systems were studied by Monte Carlo simulations based on the dynamic lattice liquid model and using a highly efficient parallel machine ARUZ, which enabled the study of large systems and long timescales. The influence of the surface density and mean polymer length on the system dynamic was discussed. The self-diffusion coefficient of the solvent depended strongly on the degree of polymerization and on the polymer concentration. It was also shown that it is possible to capture changes in solvent mobility that can be attributed to the regions of different polymer densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Hałagan
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90924 Lodz, Poland; (J.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Michał Banaszak
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61614 Poznan, Poland;
- NanoBiomedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jung
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90924 Lodz, Poland; (J.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Piotr Polanowski
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90924 Lodz, Poland; (J.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Andrzej Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland;
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19
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Johnson EC, Gresham IJ, Prescott SW, Nelson A, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. The direction of influence of specific ion effects on a pH and temperature responsive copolymer brush is dependent on polymer charge. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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21
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Gavrilov AA, Shupanov RM, Chertovich AV. Phase Diagram for Ideal Diblock-Copolymer Micelles Compared to Polymerization-Induced Self Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2599. [PMID: 33167451 PMCID: PMC7694520 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we constructed a detailed phase diagram for the solutions of ideal diblock-copolymers and compared such diagram with that obtained during polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA); a wide range of polymer concentrations as well as chain compositions was studied. As the length of the solvophobic block nB increases (the length of the solvophilic block nA was fixed), the transition from spherical micelles to cylinders and further to vesicles (lamellae) occurs. We observed a rather wide transition region between the spherical and cylindrical morphology in which the system contains a mixture of spheres and short cylinders, which appear to be in dynamic equilibrium; the transition between the cylinders and vesicles was found to be rather sharp. Next, upon increasing the polymer concentration in the system, the transition region between the spheres and cylinders shifts towards lower nB/nA values; a similar shift but with less magnitude was observed for the transition between the cylinders and vesicles. Such behavior was attributed to the increased number of contacts between the micelles at higher polymer volume concentrations. We also found that the width of the stability region of the cylindrical micelles for small polymer volume concentrations is in good quantitative agreement with the predictions of analytical theory. The obtained phase diagram for PISA was similar to the case of presynthesized diblock copolymer; however, the positions of the transition lines for PISA are slightly shifted towards higher nB/nA values in comparison to the presynthesized diblock copolymers, which is more pronounced for the case of the cylinders-to-vesicles transition. We believe that the reason for such behavior is the polydispersity of the core-forming blocks: The presence of the short and long blocks being located at the micelle interface and in its center, respectively, helps to reduce the entropy losses due to the insoluble block stretching, which leads to the increased stability of more curved micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Ruslan M. Shupanov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexander V. Chertovich
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (A.V.C.)
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Johnson EC, Willott JD, Gresham IJ, Murdoch TJ, Humphreys BA, Prescott SW, Nelson A, de Vos WM, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Enrichment of Charged Monomers Explains Non-monotonic Polymer Volume Fraction Profiles of Multi-stimulus Responsive Copolymer Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12460-12472. [PMID: 33105998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-stimulus responsive poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate-co-2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) [P(MEO2MA-co-DEA)] 80:20 mol % copolymer brushes were synthesized on planar silica substrates via surface-initiated activators continuously regenerated via electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. Brush thickness was sensitive to changes in pH and temperature as monitored with ellipsometry. At low pH, the brush is charged and swollen, while at high pH, the brush is uncharged and more collapsed. Clear thermoresponsive behavior is also observed with the brush more swollen at low temperatures compared to high temperatures at both high and low pH. Neutron reflectometry was used to determine the polymer volume fraction profiles (VFPs) at various pH values and temperatures. A region of lower polymer content, or a depletion region, near the substrate is present in all of the experimental polymer VFPs, and it is more pronounced at low pH (high charge) and less so at high pH (low charge). Polymer VFPs calculated through numerical self-consistent field theory suggest that enrichment of DEA monomers near the substrate results in the experimentally observed non-monotonic VFPs. Adsorption of DEA monomers to the substrate prior to initiation of polymerization could give rise to DEA segment-enriched region proximal to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C Johnson
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Joshua D Willott
- Membrane Surface Science (MSuS), Membrane Science and Technology cluster, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Isaac J Gresham
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy J Murdoch
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Ben A Humphreys
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Stuart W Prescott
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew Nelson
- ANSTO, Locked bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, Sydney, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Wiebe M de Vos
- Membrane Surface Science (MSuS), Membrane Science and Technology cluster, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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23
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Trigilio AD, Marien YW, Van Steenberge PHM, D’hooge DR. Gillespie-Driven kinetic Monte Carlo Algorithms to Model Events for Bulk or Solution (Bio)Chemical Systems Containing Elemental and Distributed Species. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro D. Trigilio
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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24
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Li M, Pester CW. Mixed Polymer Brushes for "Smart" Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1553. [PMID: 32668820 PMCID: PMC7408536 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed polymer brushes (MPBs) are composed of two or more disparate polymers covalently tethered to a substrate. The resulting phase segregated morphologies have been extensively studied as responsive "smart" materials, as they can be reversible tuned and switched by external stimuli. Both computational and experimental work has attempted to establish an understanding of the resulting nanostructures that vary as a function of many factors. This contribution highlights state-of-the-art MPBs studies, covering synthetic approaches, phase behavior, responsiveness to external stimuli as well as novel applications of MPBs. Current limitations are recognized and possible directions for future studies are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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25
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The Competition of Termination and Shielding to Evaluate the Success of Surface-Initiated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061409. [PMID: 32586068 PMCID: PMC7361790 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges for brush synthesis for advanced bioinspired applications using surface-initiated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (SI-RDRP) is the understanding of the relevance of confinement on the reaction probabilities and specifically the role of termination reactions. The present work puts forward a new matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo platform with an implicit reaction scheme capable of evaluating the growth pattern of individual free and tethered chains in three-dimensional format during SI-RDRP. For illustration purposes, emphasis is on normal SI-atom transfer radical polymerization, introducing concepts such as the apparent livingness and the molecular height distribution (MHD). The former is determined based on the combination of the disturbing impact of termination (related to conventional livingness) and shielding of deactivated species (additional correction due to hindrance), and the latter allows structure-property relationships to be identified, starting at the molecular level in view of future brush characterization. It is shown that under well-defined SI-RDRP conditions the contribution of (shorter) hindered dormant chains is relevant and more pronounced for higher average initiator coverages, despite the fraction of dead chains being less. A dominance of surface-solution termination is also put forward, considering two extreme diffusion modes, i.e., translational and segmental. With the translational mode termination is largely suppressed and the living limit is mimicked, whereas with the segmental mode termination occurs more and the termination front moves upward alongside the polymer layer growth. In any case, bimodalities are established for the tethered chains both on the level of the chain length distribution and the MHD.
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26
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Arraez FJ, Van Steenberge PHM, D’hooge DR. Conformational Distributions near and on the Substrate during Surface-Initiated Living Polymerization: A Lattice-Based Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Arraez
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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27
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Johnson EC, Willott JD, de Vos WM, Wanless EJ, Webber GB. Interplay of Composition, pH, and Temperature on the Conformation of Multi-stimulus-responsive Copolymer Brushes: Comparison of Experiment and Theory. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5765-5777. [PMID: 32364745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) (PMEO2MA), a thermoresponsive polymer with a lower critical solution temperature of ∼28 °C, and poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEA), a weak polybase with an apparent pKa of ∼7.5, have been statistically copolymerized using activators continuously regenerated via electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization to form multi-stimulus-responsive polymer brushes. The stimulus-responsive behavior of these brushes has been investigated with ellipsometry and numerical self-consistent field (nSCF) theory. The pH- and thermoresponsive behaviors of a PDEA homopolymer brush were investigated experimentally in order to benchmark the nSCF theory calculations. nSCF theory was able to reproduce the responsive behavior of PDEA and PMEO2MA homopolymer brushes. Three copolymer compositions (90:10, 70:30, and 50:50 mol % MEO2MA:DEA) were investigated experimentally with pH ramps performed at low and high temperatures and temperature ramps performed at low and high pH. A broader range of compositions were investigated with nSCF theory and compared to the experimental results, with the nSCF calculations able to capture the general behavior of the homopolymer and copolymer brushes. The responsive behavior of each brush to a given stimulus (temperature or pH) was dependent on both the polymer composition and environment (temperature or pH). The influence of pH on the brush increased with higher DEA mol % with a copolymer brush response transitioning from temperature-dominant to pH-dominant. The temperature response of PMEO2MA was completely masked at low and high pH values by the presence of at least 30 mol % polybase in the copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C Johnson
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Joshua D Willott
- Membrane Surface Science (MSuS), Membrane Science and Technology Cluster, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe M de Vos
- Membrane Surface Science (MSuS), Membrane Science and Technology Cluster, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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28
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Turgman‐Cohen S, Genzer J. Computer Simulation of Surface‐Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: Effect of Free‐Monomer Model on Brush Properties. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695‐7905 USA
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29
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Chancellor AJ, Seymour BT, Zhao B. Characterizing Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles: From Basic Defining Parameters to Behavior in Solvents and Self-Assembled Structures. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6391-6402. [PMID: 31013073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanoparticles, often called hairy nanoparticles (HNPs), are an intriguing class of nanostructured hybrid materials with great potential in a variety of applications, including advanced polymer nanocomposite fabrication, drug delivery, imaging, and lubrication. This Feature provides an introduction to characterization of various aspects of HNPs, from basic defining parameters to behavior of HNPs in solvents and self-assembled structures of multicomponent brush nanoparticles, by using a broad range of analytical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Chancellor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Bryan T Seymour
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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30
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Polanowski P, Jeszka JK, Matyjaszewski K. Polymer brush relaxation during and after polymerization – Monte Carlo simulation study. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Lyu J, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Greiser U, Polanowski P, Jeszka JK, Matyjaszewski K, Tai H, Wang W. Monte Carlo Simulations of Atom Transfer Radical (Homo)polymerization of Divinyl Monomers: Applicability of Flory–Stockmayer Theory. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zidan Zhang
- Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hongyun Tai
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
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32
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Yang Y, Chen P, Cao Y, Huang Z, Zhu G, Xu Z, Dai X, Chen S, Miao B, Yan LT. How Implementation of Entropy in Driving Structural Ordering of Nanoparticles Relates to Assembly Kinetics: Insight into Reaction-Induced Interfacial Assembly of Janus Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9477-9488. [PMID: 30016871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to understand and exploit entropic contributions to ordering transition is of essential importance in the design of self-assembling systems with well-controlled structures. However, much less is known about the role of assembly kinetics in entropy-driven phase behaviors. Here, by combining computer simulations and theoretical analysis, we report that the implementation of entropy in driving phase transition significantly depends on the kinetic process in the reaction-induced self-assembly of newly designed nanoparticle systems. In particular, such systems comprise binary Janus nanoparticles at the fluid-fluid interface and undergo phase transition driven by entropy and controlled by the polymerization reaction initiated from the surfaces of just one component of nanoparticles. Our simulations demonstrate that the competition between the reaction rate and the diffusive dynamics of nanoparticles governs the implementation of entropy in driving the phase transition from randomly mixed phase to intercalated phase in these interfacial nanoparticle mixtures, which thereby results in diverse kinetic pathways. At low reaction rates, the transition exhibits abrupt jump in the mixing parameter, in a similar way to first-order, equilibrium phase transition. Increasing the reaction rate diminishes the jumps until the transitions become continuous, behaving as a second-order-like phase transition, where a critical exponent, characterizing the transition, can be identified. We finally develop an analytical model of the blob theory of polymer chains to complement the simulation results and reveal essential scaling laws of the entropy-driven phase behaviors. In effect, our results allow for further opportunities to amplify the entropic contributions to the materials design via kinetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yufei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zihan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Guolong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Bing Miao
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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33
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Mandal J, Varunprasaath RS, Yan W, Divandari M, Spencer ND, Dübner M. In situ monitoring of SI-ATRP throughout multiple reinitiations under flow by means of a quartz crystal microbalance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20048-20055. [PMID: 30009020 PMCID: PMC6003541 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation of the polymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by means of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP) has been carried out in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance, with multiple reinitiations under continuous flow of the reaction mixture. The SI-ATRP kinetics of HEMA were studied continuously by means of changes in the frequency, varying conditions including temperature and solvent composition, as well as monomer and catalyst concentrations, showing the influence of key reaction parameters on SI-ATRP kinetics. Such experiments enabled the design of a polymerisation protocol that leads to a reasonably fast but well-controlled growth of poly(HEMA) brushes. Furthermore, only a minor change in growth rate was observed when the polymerisation was stopped and reinitiated multiple times (essential for block synthesis), demonstrating the living nature of the SI-ATRP reaction under such conditions. The clean switching of reaction mixtures in the flow-based QCM has been shown to be a powerful tool for real-time in situ studies of surface-initiated polymerisation reactions, and a promising approach for the precise fabrication of block-containing brush structures. The polymerisation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by means of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation (SI-ATRP) has been studied in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance, with multiple reinitiations under continuous flow of the reaction mixture.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Mandal
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - R S Varunprasaath
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. .,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mohammad Divandari
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Dübner
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Shupanov R, Chertovich A, Kos P. Micellar polymerization: Computer simulations by dissipative particle dynamics. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1275-1284. [PMID: 29464743 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, micellar polymerization is widely used in different fields of industry and research, including modern living polymerization technique. However, this process has many variables and there is no comprehensive model to describe all features. This research presents simulation methodology which describes key properties of such reactions to take a guide through a variety of their modifications. Dissipative particle dynamics is used in addition to Monte Carlo scheme to simulate initiation, propagation, and termination events. Influence of initiation probability and different termination processes on final conversion and molecular-weight distribution are presented. We demonstrate that prolonged initiation leads to increasing in polymer average molecular weight, and surface termination events play major role in conversion limitation, in comparison with recombination. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Shupanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov MSU, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Pavel Kos
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov MSU, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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35
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Xu D, Ni CY, Zhu YL, Lu ZY, Xue YH, Liu H. Kinetic step-growth polymerization: A dissipative particle dynamics simulation study. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:024901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4999050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Huguang Road, No. 1018, Changchun 130012, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yao-Hong Xue
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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36
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Huo M, Xu Z, Zeng M, Chen P, Liu L, Yan LT, Wei Y, Yuan J. Controlling Vesicular Size via Topological Engineering of Amphiphilic Polymer in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huo
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, and §Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, and §Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Min Zeng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, and §Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, and §Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, and §Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, and §Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, and §Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, ‡Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, and §Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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37
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38
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Sun S, Guo M, Yi X, Zhang Z. Reaction-mediated entropic effect on phase separation in a binary polymer system. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Deng B, Palermo EF, Shi Y. Comparison of chain-growth polymerization in solution versus on surface using reactive coarse-grained simulations. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Gavrilov AA, Chertovich AV. Copolymerization of Partly Incompatible Monomers: An Insight from Computer Simulations. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
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41
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Kozhunova EY, Gavrilov AA, Zaremski MY, Chertovich AV. Copolymerization on Selective Substrates: Experimental Test and Computer Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3548-3555. [PMID: 28326788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We explore the influence of a selective substrate on the composition and sequence statistics during the free radical copolymerization. In particular, we study the radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid in bulk and in silica pores of different sizes. We show that the substrate affects both polymer composition and sequence statistics. We use dissipative particle dynamics simulations to study the polymerization process in detail, trying to pinpoint the parameters responsible for the observed differences in the polymer chain composition and sequences. The magnitude of the observed effect depends on the fraction of adsorbed monomer units, which cannot be described in the framework of the copolymerization theories based on the terminal unit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskiye Gory 1-2, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Alexey A Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskiye Gory 1-2, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Mikhail Yu Zaremski
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskiye Gory 1-2, Moscow, Russia 119991
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42
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Chen P, Yang Y, Dong B, Huang Z, Zhu G, Cao Y, Yan LT. Polymerization-Induced Interfacial Self-Assembly of Janus Nanoparticles in Block Copolymers: Reaction-Mediated Entropy Effects, Diffusion Dynamics, and Tailorable Micromechanical Behaviors. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bojun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guolong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced
Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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43
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Biswas S, Singh A, Beziau A, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K, Balazs AC. Modeling the formation of layered, amphiphilic gels. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Liu H, Zhu YL, Lu ZY, Müller-Plathe F. A kinetic chain growth algorithm in coarse-grained simulations. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2634-2646. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität; Darmstadt 64287 Deutschland
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität; Darmstadt 64287 Deutschland
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46
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Beziau A, Singh A, de Menezes RN, Ding H, Simakova A, Kuksenok O, Balazs AC, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. Miktoarm star copolymers as interfacial connectors for stackable amphiphilic gels. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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47
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Liu J, Ma Y, Wu R, Yu M. Molecular simulation of diffusion-controlled kinetics in stepwise polymerization. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Wong J, Sikes HD. The Impact of Continuous Oxygen Flux in a Thin Film Photopolymerization Reaction with Peroxy-Mediated Regeneration of Initiator. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201500098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jisam Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Program in Polymers and Soft Matter; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Program in Polymers and Soft Matter; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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49
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Varma S, Bureau L, Débarre D. The Conformation of Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes Probed by Optical Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3152-3163. [PMID: 26986181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a microscope-based optical setup that allows us to perform space- and time-resolved measurements of the spectral reflectance of transparent substrates coated with ultrathin films. This technique is applied to investigate the behavior in water of thermosensitive polymer brushes made of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted on glass. We show that spectral reflectance measurements yield quantitative information about the conformation and axial structure of the brushes as a function of temperature. We study how parameters such as grafting density and chain length affect the hydration state of a brush, and provide one of the few experimental evidences for the occurrence of vertical phase separation in the vicinity of the lower critical solution temperature of the polymer. The origin of the hysteretic behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes upon cycling the temperature is also clarified. We thus demonstrate that our optical technique allows for in-depth characterization of stimuli-responsive polymer layers, which is crucial for the rational design of smart polymer coatings in actuation, gating, or sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Varma
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Bureau
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Débarre
- University Grenoble Alpes, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LIPHY, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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50
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Kang C, Crockett R, Spencer ND. The influence of surface grafting on the growth rate of polymer chains. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MWs of polymers synthesized simultaneously on a surface and in solution by ATRP differ, depending on the surface grafting density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Kang
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Rowena Crockett
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- Empa
- CH 8600 Dübendorf
- Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology
- Department of Materials
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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