1
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Dong S, Chen Q, Li W, Jiang Z, Ma J, Gao H. A dendritic catiomer with an MOF motif for the construction of safe and efficient gene delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8322-8329. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dendritic catiomer using biocompatible Zr-MOFs as the core exhibited a markedly higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than the commercial gold standard branched PEI25k in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Qixian Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Zhu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Jianbiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- P. R. China
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2
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Han B, Ma T, Vergara JH, Palmese GR, Yin J, Lee D, Han L. Non-additive impacts of covalent cross-linking on the viscoelastic nanomechanics of ionic polyelectrolyte complexes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study elucidates the influences of adding covalent cross-linking on the nanomechanical viscoelasticity of ionically cross-linked polyelectrolyte networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Tianzhu Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - John H. Vergara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Giuseppe R. Palmese
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Temple University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
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3
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Guo P, Gu W, Chen Q, Lu H, Han X, Li W, Gao H. Dual functionalized amino poly(glycerol methacrylate) with guanidine and Schiff-base linked imidazole for enhanced gene transfection and minimized cytotoxicity. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6911-6918. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01291k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guanidine and Schiff-base linked imidazole dual functionalized poly(glycerol methacrylate) (IGEP) leads to minimized cytotoxicity and better transfection efficacy than PEI25K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Wenxing Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Hongguang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiongqi Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
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4
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Holmes C, Daoud J, Bagnaninchi PO, Tabrizian M. Polyelectrolyte multilayer coating of 3D scaffolds enhances tissue growth and gene delivery: non-invasive and label-free assessment. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:572-80. [PMID: 24030932 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition is a versatile technique which is beginning to be be explored for inductive tissue engineering applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a polyelectrolyte multilayer film system composed of glycol-chitosan (Glyc-CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used to coat 3D micro-fabricated polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds. In order to overcome many of the limitations associated with conventional techniques for assessing cell growth and viability within 3D scaffolds, two novel, real-time, label-free techniques are introduced: impedance monitoring and optical coherence phase microscopy. Using these methods, it is shown that LbL-coated scaffolds support in vitro cell growth and viability for a period of at least two weeks at levels higher than uncoated controls. These polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings are then further adapted for non-viral gene delivery applications via incorporation of DNA carrier lipoplexes. Scaffold-based delivery of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker gene from these coatings is successfully demonstrated in vitro, achieving a two-fold increase in transfection efficiency compared with control scaffolds. These results show the great potential of Glyc-CHI/HA polyelectrolyte multilayer films for a variety of gene delivery and inductive tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; Montreal H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Jamal Daoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; Montreal H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Pierre O. Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH16 4SB Scotland
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 2B4 Canada
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5
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Kulkarni A, VerHeul R, DeFrees K, Collins CJ, Schuldt RA, Vlahu A, Thompson DH. Microfluidic Assembly of Cationic-β-Cyclodextrin:Hyaluronic Acid-Adamantane Host:Guest pDNA Nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:10.1039/C3BM00189J. [PMID: 24349706 PMCID: PMC3859440 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, transfection complexes are typically formed by bulk mixing, producing particles with high polydispersity and limited control over vector size. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a commercial micro-reactor to assemble pDNA:cationic cyclodextrin:pendant polymer nanoparticles using a layer-by-layer approach. Our studies reveal that the particles formulated via microfluidic assembly have much smaller sizes, lower polydispersity, lower ζ-potentials, and comparable cell viability and transfection profiles in HeLa cells than bulk mixed particles. The complexes also show a flow rate-dependent stability, with particles formed at slower flow rates giving rise to more stable complexes as determined by heparin challenge. Our findings suggest that microfluidic reactors offer an attractive method for assembling reproducible, size-controlled complexes from multi-component transfection complex assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross VerHeul
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - Kyle DeFrees
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - Christopher J. Collins
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - Ryan A. Schuldt
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - Alexander Vlahu
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
| | - David H. Thompson
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA 47907. Tel: 765-494-0386
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6
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Kulkarni A, Deng W, Hyun SH, Thompson DH. Development of a low toxicity, effective pDNA vector based on noncovalent assembly of bioresponsive amino-β-cyclodextrin:adamantane-poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(ethylene glycol) transfection complexes. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:933-40. [PMID: 22551467 DOI: 10.1021/bc2005158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A host:guest-derived gene delivery vector has been developed, based on the self-assembly of cationic β-CD derivatives with a poly(vinyl alcohol) (MW 27 kDa) (PVA) main chain polymer bearing poly(ethylene glycol) (MW 750) (PEG) or MW 2000 PEG and acid-labile adamantane-modified (Ad) grafts through an acid-sensitive benzylidene acetal linkage. These components were investigated for their ability to promote supramolecular complex formation with pDNA using two different assembly schemes, involving either precomplexation of the pendent Ad-PVA-PEG polymer with the cationic β-CD derivatives before pDNA condensation (method A) or pDNA condensation with the cationic β-CD derivatives prior to addition of Ad-PVA-PEG to engage host:guest complexation (method B). The pendent polymers were observed to degrade under acidic conditions while remaining intact for more than 5 days at pH 7. HeLa cell culture data show that these materials have 10(3)-fold lower cytotoxicities than 25 kDa bPEI while maintaining transfection efficiencies that are superior to those observed for this benchmark cationic polymer transfection reagent when the method A assembly scheme is employed. These findings suggest that degradable cationic polymer constructs employing multivalent host:guest interactions may be an effective and low-toxicity vehicle for delivering nucleic acid cargo to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kulkarni
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Gui Z, Qian J, He Y, An Q, Wang X, Tian C, Sun W. Tunable disintegration of layer-by-layer assembly multilayer films based on hydrolytical-polybetaine at wide-range time. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 361:122-8. [PMID: 21652045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A cationic hydrolytical-polycarboxybetaine (HPCB), poly(N-ethyl acetate-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) was synthesized by incorporating ester group into the side chain of polycarboxybetaine (PCB). The hydrolytic behaviors of HPCB samples in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were investigated by FT-IR and (1)H NMR. The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of HPCB/poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) PSS and the disintegration of HPCB/PSS multilayer films were monitored by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The disintegrated behavior of multilayer films was studied in detail by changing the cationic degree of HPCB and the pH of the immersion solution (PBS) in the disintegration process. The disintegration time of HPCB/PSS multilayer films could be controlled widely from 2 min to 30 days in PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliang Gui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Gajria S, Neumann T, Tirrell M. Self‐assembly and applications of nucleic acid solid‐state films. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:479-500. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surekha Gajria
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Thorsten Neumann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Tirrell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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9
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Flessner RM, Yu Y, Lynn DM. Rapid release of plasmid DNA from polyelectrolyte multilayers: a weak poly(acid) approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:550-2. [PMID: 21103586 PMCID: PMC3564967 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an approach to the assembly of DNA-containing polyelectrolyte multilayers that can be used to promote rapid release of DNA from surfaces. The approach is based on layer-by-layer incorporation of poly(acrylic acid) to promote rapid erosion in physiologically relevant media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Flessner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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10
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Sun B, Lynn DM. Release of DNA from polyelectrolyte multilayers fabricated using 'charge-shifting' cationic polymers: tunable temporal control and sequential, multi-agent release. J Control Release 2010; 148:91-100. [PMID: 20678530 PMCID: PMC3005143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach to the design of multilayered polyelectrolyte thin films (or 'polyelectrolyte multilayers', PEMs) that can be used to provide tunable control over the release of plasmid DNA (or multiple different DNA constructs) from film-coated surfaces. Our approach is based upon methods for the layer-by-layer assembly of DNA-containing thin films, and exploits the properties of a new class of cationic 'charge-shifting' polymers (amine functionalized polymers that undergo gradual changes in net charge upon side chain ester hydrolysis) to provide control over the rates at which these films erode and release DNA. We synthesized two 'charge-shifting' polymers (polymers 1 and 2) containing different side chain structures by ring-opening reactions of poly(2-alkenyl azlactone)s with two different tertiary amine functionalized alcohols (3-dimethylamino-1-propanol and 2-dimethylaminoethanol, respectively). Subsequent characterization revealed large changes in the rates of side chain ester hydrolysis for these two polymers; whereas the half-life for the hydrolysis of the esters in polymer 1 was ~200 days, the half-life for polymer 2 was ~6 days. We demonstrate that these large differences in side chain hydrolysis make possible the design of PEMs that erode and promote the surface-mediated release of DNA either rapidly (e.g., over ~3 days for films fabricated using polymer 2) or slowly (e.g., over ~1 month for films fabricated using polymer 1). We demonstrate further that it is possible to design films with release profiles that are intermediate to these two extremes by fabricating films using solutions containing different mixtures of these two polymers. This approach can thus expand the usefulness of these two polymers and achieve a broader range of DNA release profiles without the need to synthesize polymers with new structures or properties. Finally, we demonstrate that polymers 1 and 2 can be used to fabricate multilayered films with hierarchical structures that promote the sequential release of two different DNA constructs with separate and distinct release profiles (e.g., the release of a first construct over a period of ~3 days, followed by the sustained release of a second for a period of ~70 days). With further development, this approach could contribute to the design of functional thin films and surface coatings that provide sophisticated control over the timing and the order of the release of two or more DNA constructs (or other agents) of interest in a range of biomedical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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11
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Saurer EM, Flessner RM, Sullivan SP, Prausnitz MR, Lynn DM. Layer-by-layer assembly of DNA- and protein-containing films on microneedles for drug delivery to the skin. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3136-43. [PMID: 20942396 PMCID: PMC3033977 DOI: 10.1021/bm1009443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle patches contain micrometer-scale needles coated with bioactive agents for minimally invasive drug delivery to the skin. In this study, we introduce layer-by-layer approaches to the fabrication of ultrathin DNA- and protein-containing polyelectrolyte films (or "polyelectrolyte multilayers", PEMs) on the surfaces of stainless steel microneedles. DNA-containing PEMs were fabricated on microneedles by the alternating deposition of plasmid DNA and a hydrolytically degradable poly(β-amino ester). Protein-containing PEMs were fabricated using sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (SPS) and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) conjugated to a synthetic protein transduction domain. Layer-by-layer assembly resulted in ultrathin, uniform, and defect-free coatings on the surfaces of the microneedles, as characterized by fluorescence microscopy. These films eroded and thereby released DNA or protein when incubated in saline or when inserted into porcine cadaver skin and deposited DNA or protein along the edges of microneedle tracks to depths of ∼500 to 600 μm. We conclude that PEM-coated microneedles offer a novel and useful approach to the transdermal delivery of DNA- and protein-based therapeutics and could also prove useful in other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Saurer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States, and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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12
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Saurer EM, Yamanouchi D, Liu B, Lynn DM. Delivery of plasmid DNA to vascular tissue in vivo using catheter balloons coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers. Biomaterials 2010; 32:610-8. [PMID: 20933275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach for the localized delivery of plasmid DNA to vascular tissue from the surfaces of inflatable embolectomy catheter balloons. Using a layer-by-layer approach, ultrathin multilayered polyelectrolyte films were fabricated on embolectomy catheter balloons by alternately adsorbing layers of a hydrolytically degradable poly(β-amino ester) and plasmid DNA. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the films coated the surfaces of the balloons uniformly. Coated balloons that were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C released ∼25 μg DNA/cm(2) over 24 h. Analysis of the DNA by gel electrophoresis showed that the DNA was released in open-circular ('nicked') and supercoiled conformations, and in vitro cell transfection assays confirmed that the released DNA was transcriptionally active. Arterial injury was induced in the left common, carotid arteries of Sprague-Dawley rats using uncoated balloons, followed by treatment with film-coated balloons for 20 min. X-gal, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence staining of sectioned arteries indicated high levels of β-galactosidase or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in arteries treated with film-coated balloons. β-galactosidase and EGFP expression were observed throughout the medial layers of arterial tissue, and around approximately two-thirds of the circumference of the treated arteries. The layer-by-layer approach reported here provides a general platform for the balloon-mediated delivery of DNA to vascular tissue. Our results suggest the potential of this approach to deliver therapeutically relevant DNA to prevent complications such as intimal hyperplasia that arise after vascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Saurer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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13
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Becker AL, Johnston APR, Caruso F. Layer-by-layer-assembled capsules and films for therapeutic delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:1836-1852. [PMID: 20715072 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials formed via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly have promise for use as drug delivery vehicles. These multilayered materials, both as capsules and thin fi lms, can encapsulate a high payload of toxic or sensitive drugs, and can be readily engineered and functionalized with specific properties. This review highlights important and recent studies that advance the use of LbL-assembled materials as therapeutic devices. It also seeks to identify areas that require additional investigation for future development of the field. A variety of drug-loading methods and delivery routes are discussed. The biological barriers to successful delivery are identified, and possible solutions to these problems are discussed. Finally, state-of-the-art degradation and cargo release mechanisms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa L Becker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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14
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Soike T, Streff AK, Guan C, Ortega R, Tantawy M, Pino C, Shastri VP. Engineering a material surface for drug delivery and imaging using layer-by-layer assembly of functionalized nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1392-1397. [PMID: 20437489 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Soike
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Strasse 31, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Yoshida K, Sato K, Anzai JI. Layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte films containing insulin for pH-triggered release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b918226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Kim BS, Smith RC, Poon Z, Hammond PT. MAD (multiagent delivery) nanolayer: delivering multiple therapeutics from hierarchically assembled surface coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:14086-92. [PMID: 19630389 PMCID: PMC4001284 DOI: 10.1021/la9017618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present hydrolytically degradable polymeric multilayer films that can codeliver multiple therapeutics of differing chemical characteristics (charged biomacromolecules and neutral hydrophobic small molecules) from a surface. This multiagent-delivery (MAD) nanolayer system integrates the hydrolytically degradable poly(beta-amino ester) as a structural component to control the degradation of the multilayers to release active therapeutic macromolecules as well as hydrophobic drugs imbedded within amphiphilic block copolymer micellar carriers within layer-by-layer (LbL) films, which would otherwise be difficult to include within the multilayers. By varying the anionic therapeutic agents (heparin and dextran sulfate) within the multilayer, we examine how different structural components can be used to control the release kinetics of multiple therapeutics from MAD nanolayers. Controlled release profiles and the in vitro efficacy of the MAD nanolayers in suppressing the growth of human smooth muscle cell lines were evaluated. The dual delivery of a charged macromolecular heparin and a small hydrophobic drug, paclitaxel, is found to be synergistic and beneficial toward effective therapeutic activity. Furthermore, we compared the classical dipping method that we employed here with an automated spray-LbL technique. Spray-LbL significantly facilitates film processing time while preserving the characteristic release profiles of the MAD nanolayers. With the highly versatile and tunable nature of LbL assembly, we anticipate that MAD nanolayers can provide a unique platform for delivering multiple therapeutics from macromolecules to small molecules with distinct release profiles for applications in biological and biomedical surface coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- School of Energy Engineering and School of NanoBio and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Korea
| | - Renée C. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Zhiyong Poon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed,
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Abstract
Silicon and its oxides are widely used in biomaterials research, tissue engineering and drug delivery. These materials are highly biocompatible, easily surface functionalized, degrade into nontoxic silicic acid and can be processed into various forms such as micro- and nano-particles, monoliths, membranes and micromachined structures. The large surface area of porous forms of silicon and silica (up to 1200 m2/g) permits high drug loadings. The degradation kinetics of silicon- and silica-based materials can be tailored by coating or grafting with polymers. Incorporation of polymers also improves control over drug-release kinetics. The use of stimuli-responsive polymers has enabled environmental stimuli-triggered drug release. Simultaneously, silicon microfabrication techniques have facilitated the development of sophisticated implantable drug-delivery microdevices. This paper reviews the synthesis, novel properties and biomedical applications of silicon–polymer hybrid materials with particular emphasis on drug delivery. The biocompatible and bioresorptive properties of mesoporous silica and porous silicon make these materials attractive candidates for use in biomedical applications. The combination of polymers with silicon-based materials has generated a large range of novel hybrid materials tailored to applications in localized and systemic drug delivery.
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Smith RC, Leung A, Kim BS, Hammond PT. Hydrophobic Effects in the Critical Destabilization and Release Dynamics of Degradable Multilayer Films. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2009; 21:1108-1115. [PMID: 20161308 PMCID: PMC2699307 DOI: 10.1021/cm802972d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the ability of hydrolytically degradable electrostatic layer-by-layer films to act as versatile drug delivery systems capable of multi-agent release. A key element of these films is the potential to gain precise control of release by evoking a surface-erosion mechanism. Here we sought to determine the extent to which manipulation of chemical structure could be used to control release from hydrolytically degradable layer-by-layer films through modification of the degradable polycation. Toward this goal, films composed of poly(β-amino ester)s, varying only in the choice of diacrylate monomer, and the model biological drug, dextran sulfate, were used to ascertain the role of alkyl chain length, steric hindrance, and hydrophobicity on release dynamics. Above a critical polycation hydrophobicity, as determined using octanol:water coefficients, the film becomes rapidly destabilized and quickly released its contents. These findings indicate that in these unique electrostatic assemblies, hydrolytic susceptibility is dependent not only on hydrophobicity, but a complex balance between hydrophobic composition, charge density, and stability of electrostatic ion pairs. Computational determination of octanol:water coefficients allowed for the reliable prediction of release dynamics. The determination of a correlation between octanol:water coefficient and release duration will enables advanced engineering to produce custom drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée C. Smith
- Joint Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Amy Leung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 United States
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 United States
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 United States
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Saurer EM, Jewell CM, Kuchenreuther JM, Lynn DM. Assembly of erodible, DNA-containing thin films on the surfaces of polymer microparticles: toward a layer-by-layer approach to the delivery of DNA to antigen-presenting cells. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:913-24. [PMID: 18838346 PMCID: PMC2667125 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a layer-by-layer approach to the assembly of ultrathin and erodible DNA-containing films on the surfaces of polymer microparticles. DNA-containing multilayered films were fabricated layer-by-layer on the surfaces of polystyrene microspheres (approximately 6 microm) by iterative and alternating cycles of particle suspension, centrifugation and resuspension in solutions of plasmid DNA and a hydrolytically degradable polyamine. Film growth occurred in a stepwise manner, as demonstrated by characterization of the zeta potentials and fluorescence intensities of film-coated particles during film assembly. Characterization of film-coated particles by confocal fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the multilayered particle coatings to be smooth, uniform and free of large-scale physical defects. Film-coated microparticles sustained the release of transcriptionally active DNA into solution for approximately three days when incubated in physiologically relevant media. Previous studies have demonstrated that the adsorption of DNA onto the surfaces of cationic microparticles can be used to target the delivery of DNA to antigen-presenting cells. As a first step toward the application of this layer-by-layer approach to the development of methods for the delivery of DNA to antigen-presenting cells, we demonstrated that film-coated microparticles could be used to transport DNA into macrophage cells in vitro using a model mouse macrophage cell line. Our results suggest the basis of a general approach that could, with further development, prove useful for the delivery of DNA-encoded antigens to macrophages, or other antigen-presenting cells, and provide new materials-based methods for the formulation and delivery of DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Saurer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Jewell CM, Lynn DM. Multilayered polyelectrolyte assemblies as platforms for the delivery of DNA and other nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:979-99. [PMID: 18395291 PMCID: PMC2476211 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Materials that provide spatial and temporal control over the delivery of DNA and other nucleic acid-based agents from surfaces play important roles in the development of localized gene-based therapies. This review focuses on a relatively new approach to the immobilization and release of DNA from surfaces: methods based on the layer-by-layer assembly of thin multilayered films (or polyelectrolyte multilayers, PEMs). Layer-by-layer methods provide convenient, nanometer-scale control over the incorporation of DNA, RNA, and oligonucleotide constructs into thin polyelectrolyte films. Provided that these assemblies can be designed in ways that permit controlled film disassembly under physiological conditions, this approach can contribute new methods for spatial and/or temporal control over the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics in vitro and in vivo. We describe applications of layer-by-layer assembly to the fabrication of DNA-containing films that can be used to provide control over the release of plasmid DNA from the surfaces of macroscopic objects and promote surface-mediated cell transfection. We also highlight the application of these methods to the coating of colloidal substrates and the fabrication of hollow micrometer-scale capsules that can be used to encapsulate and control the release or delivery of DNA and oligonucleotides. Current challenges, gaps in knowledge, and new opportunities for the development of these methods in the general area of gene delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Jewell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Chuang HF, Smith RC, Hammond PT. Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for Tunable Release of Antibiotics. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1660-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800185h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen F. Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Reneé C. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Liu X, Zhang J, Lynn DM. Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Fabricated from 'Charge-Shifting' Anionic Polymers: A New Approach to Controlled Film Disruption and the Release of Cationic Agents from Surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:1688-1695. [PMID: 19122876 PMCID: PMC2518400 DOI: 10.1039/b804953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach to the design of 'charge-shifting' anionic polymers that provides control over the disruption of ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayers in aqueous media. We demonstrate that the addition of citraconic anhydride to poly(allylamine) yields an anionic, carboxylate-functionalized polymer (polymer 2) that can be converted readily back to cationic poly(allylamine) in acidic environments. The incorporation of polymer 2 into polyelectrolyte multilayers thus provides an approach to the fabrication of films that are stable at neutral pH but that erode over a period of several days in acidic media (e.g., pH ∼5). Experiments using a structural analog of polymer 2 with carboxylate side chains that do not hydrolyze readily provided support for the view that the disruption of these films occurred as a result of polymer side chain hydrolysis and a resulting change in the net charge of the polymers. Because this approach is based upon the use of anionic polymers to induce film instability, it provides a platform for the design of multilayers that can be used to provide control over the release of cationic film components. As proof of concept, we demonstrated that ultrathin films ∼100 nm thick fabricated using polymer 2 sustain the release of fluorescently labeled PAH for up to four days when incubated at pH 5.0. The synthetic approach used here is modular and tunable and can be used to introduce anionic 'charge-shifting' character to a broad range of other polyamines. With further development, this approach could expand significantly the range of different cationic agents (e.g., cationic proteins, peptides, polymers, nanoparticles, etc.) that can be released or delivered from surfaces using polyelectrolyte multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. E-mail:
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. E-mail:
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. E-mail:
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Mertz D, Hemmerlé J, Boulmedais F, Voegel JC, Lavalle P, Schaaf P. Polyelectrolyte multilayer films under mechanical stretch. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:1413-1420. [PMID: 32900122 DOI: 10.1039/b710305k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayers can be used to design films which respond to mechanical stimuli. The behaviors of three different polyelectrolyte multilayers deposited onto silicone sheets were investigated: PAH/PSS, PDADMA/PSS and PLL/HA films [PAH: poly(allylamine); PSS: poly(styrene sulfonate); PDADMA: poly(diallyldimethylammonium); PLL: poly(-lysine); HA: hyaluronic acid]. While (PLL/HA) and (PDADMA/PSS) multilayers remain undamaged under stretch, (PAH/PSS) films are very brittle and cracks are formed for low elongation degrees. PAH/PSS films behave more like glasses whereas (PLL/HA) and (PDADMA/PSS) multilayers behave rather as gels. (PSS/PAH) and (PSS/PDADMA) multilayers were also deposited as a capping and impermeable layer on top of a (PLL/HA) multilayer acting as a compartment. Whereas (PSS/PAH) barriers exhibit large micrometric cracks under stretch, (PSS/PDADMA) barriers open through nanopore formation for a given stretching degree. When these films are brought back to the non-stretched state, the nanopores close and the barrier becomes tight again. In the case of (PSS/PAH) barriers, only a partial tightening is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Mertz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 595, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. and Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Hemmerlé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 595, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. and Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR22, Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Voegel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 595, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. and Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 595, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. and Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Schaaf
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR22, Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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