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Salaghi A, Diaz-Baca JA, Fatehi P. Enhanced flocculation of aluminum oxide particles by lignin-based flocculants in dual polymer systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116999. [PMID: 36516704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant phenolic polymer produced vastly in pulping processes that could be further valorized. In this work, anionic (AKLs) and cationic (CKLs) lignin-based polymers were made by polymerizing kraft lignin (KL) with acrylic acid (AA) or [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl-ammonium chloride (METAC), respectively. In the polymerization reactions, various molar ratios of AA or METAC to KL were applied to produce AKLs and CKLs with different characteristics. The produced AKLs and CKLs were used in single and dual systems to flocculate aluminum oxide in suspension. To assess the interaction of these lignin-based polymers with the aluminum oxide particles; the zeta potential, adsorption, and flocculation of the colloidal systems were evaluated comprehensively. The flocculation performance of the lignin-derived polymers was compared with that of the homopolymers of AA and METAC (PAA and PMETAC) and commercially used flocculants. In single polymer systems, among the anionic synthesized polymers and homopolymers, KL-A4 (an AKL) was the best flocculant for the aluminum oxide suspensions owing to its largest molecular weight (330 × 103 g/mol) and highest charge density (-4.2 mmol/g). Remarkably, when KL-A4 and KL-C4 (the CKL with the highest molecular weight and charge density) were used subsequently in a dual polymer system, a larger adsorbed mass and a more viscous adlayer were formed than those of single polymer systems on the surface of aluminum oxide particles. The synergy between KL-A4 and KL-C4 was even stronger than that between homopolymers, which led to more significant adsorption on the aluminum oxide surface and, consequently, more efficient flocculation, producing larger (22 μm) and stronger flocs, regardless of the agitation intensity used in the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyoub Salaghi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Diaz-Baca
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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2
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Inoue Y, Kim Y, Hasegawa H, Yoshida Y, Sakakibara K, Tsujii Y. A novel electrochemical biosensing method with double-layered polymer brush modified electrode. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113105. [PMID: 36566689 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel electrochemical biosensor electrode that has a potential to reduce background noise for which we constructed an original conductive substrate modified with a double-layered polymer brush structure that is water impermeable and can control biomolecules adsorption/desorption. In this study, a hydrophobic poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) brush layer was prepared on a gold electrode, and then, the tert-butyl group near the outermost surface was dissociated by the acid treatment to obtain a hydrophilic carboxy group, thereby fabricating a conductive substrate with the double-layered polymer brush structure. Formation of the double-layered polymer brush structure was indicated by surface wettability and optical analyses. The potential difference and hydrogen ion concentration, which is a typical parameter of the surrounding environment, were linearly correlated with the gold electrode having a double-layered polymer brush structure with carboxyl groups. However, there was no correlation on gold electrodes with self-assembled monolayers presenting carboxy groups. It is considered that the pH responsiveness of the carboxy groups on the outermost surface could be exhibited remarkably because the charge state in the vicinity of the surface became constant due to the hydrophobic polymer brush layer having a certain thickness. The target DNA could be captured more efficiently at the probe DNA-immobilized electrode with the double-layered polymer brush structure than when using COOH-SAM. This is the first report of the application of the double-layered polymer brush structure for the electrochemical biosensing, and it will be an excellent surface modification method to reduce background noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Inoue
- LG Japan Lab Inc., LG Yokohama Innovation Center 7F, 1-2-13, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan.
| | - Yeji Kim
- LG Japan Lab Inc., LG Yokohama Innovation Center 7F, 1-2-13, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan
| | - Hijiri Hasegawa
- LG Japan Lab Inc., LG Yokohama Innovation Center 7F, 1-2-13, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- LG Japan Lab Inc., LG Yokohama Innovation Center 7F, 1-2-13, Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan
| | - Keita Sakakibara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Tsujii
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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Preparation of microbeads grafted with poly(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) cationic polyelectrolyte as recyclable and effective adsorbents for organic dyes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Akamatsu K, Saito T, Ohashi H, Wang XL, Nakao SI. Plasma Graft Polymerization and Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Characteristics of Low-Fouling Membranes Obtained by Surface Modification with Poly(2-methoxyethyl Acrylate). Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Akamatsu
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Saito
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Xiao-lin Wang
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shin-ichi Nakao
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
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Ishihara K, Ito M, Fukazawa K, Inoue Y. Interface of Phospholipid Polymer Grafting Layers to Analyze Functions of Immobilized Oligopeptides Involved in Cell Adhesion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3984-3993. [PMID: 33463330 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a material surface for use in the analysis of the behavior of biomolecules at the interface of direct cell contact. A superhydrophilic surface was prepared with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), which was grafted onto a substrate with controlled polymer chain density. An arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide was immobilized at the surface of the polymer graft surface (PMPC-RGD surface). Initial adhesion of the cells to this substrate was observed. The PMPC-RGD surface could enable cell adhesion only through RGD peptide-integrin interactions. The density and movability of the RGD peptide at the terminal of the graft PMPC chain and the orientation of the RGD peptide affected the density of adherent cells. Thus, the PMPC graft surface may be a good candidate for a new platform with the ability to immobilize biomolecules to a defined position and enable accurate analysis of their effects on cells.
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Cheng CH, Masuda S, Nozaki S, Nagano C, Hirai T, Kojio K, Takahara A. Fabrication and Deformation of Mechanochromic Nanocomposite Elastomers Based on Rubbery and Glassy Block Copolymer-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Senkum H, Gramlich WM. Cationic Bottlebrush Polymers from Quaternary Ammonium Macromonomers by Grafting‐Through Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William M. Gramlich
- Department of Chemistry University of Maine 5706 Orono ME 04469 USA
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA
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Abstract
The use of flotation for the treatment of wastewaters in general, but especially for the removal of oil, grease, general organic matter, and suspended solids, is well established as a low energy process. Polyelectrolytes (PEs) can enhance performance without adding to the solids load that occurs with inorganic additives such as alum. The bridging of pollutants and the attachment of the resulting aggregates to the air-water interface can be effectively carried out with most wastewaters. Hydrophobic modification of the PEs can be useful for difficult species. It should be applied to the flotation of polyfluoroalkyl substances, for example, as they are not amenable to economical conventional treatment. Similarly, the removal of microplastic particles from sewage effluents by flotation could be enhanced.
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Wang CG, Oh XY, Liu X, Goto A. Self-Catalyzed Living Radical Polymerization Using Quaternary-Ammonium-Iodide-Containing Monomers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Oh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xu Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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Kou R, Zhang J, Chen Z, Liu G. Counterion Specificity of Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Role of Specific Ion-Pairing Interactions. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1404-1413. [PMID: 29575481 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that the properties of poly (2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride) brushes can be tuned by counterion species. When the brushes are exposed to external chloride (Cl- ) counterions, obvious dehydration and collapse are only observed at high salt concentrations. In the presence of very strongly chaotropic perchlorate (ClO4- ), the brushes strongly dehydrate and collapse at a very low salt concentration. For the strongly chaotropic thiocyanate ion (SCN- ), the changes in hydration and conformation of the brushes are similar to those observed for ClO4- but at a smaller extent at very low salt concentrations. With the addition of kosmotropic acetate (Ac- ), hydration of the brushes increases, accompanied by a swelling of the brushes in the low-salt-concentration regime. In contrast, the brushes dehydrate and collapse with increasing concentration of Ac- in the high-salt-concentration regime. The counterion specificity of the brushes demonstrated here is determined by specific ion-pairing interactions through modulating the osmotic pressure within the brushes and the hydrophobicity of the ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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Wang D, Wu X, Long L, Yuan X, Zhang Q, Xue S, Wen S, Yan C, Wang J, Cong W. Improved antifouling properties of photobioreactors by surface grafted sulfobetaine polymers. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:970-979. [PMID: 29182016 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1394457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve the antifouling (AF) properties of photobioreactors (PBR) for microalgal cultivation, using trihydroxymethyl aminomethane (tris) as the linking agent, a series of polyethylene (PE) films grafted with sulfobetaine (PE-SBMA) with grafting density ranging from 23.11 to 112 μg cm-2 were prepared through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). It was found that the contact angle of PE-SBMA films decreased with the increase in the grafting density. When the grafting density was 101.33 μg cm-2, it reached 67.27°. Compared with the PE film, the adsorption of protein on the PE-SBMA film decreased by 79.84% and the total weight of solid and absorbed microalgae decreased by 54.58 and 81.69%, respectively. Moreover, the transmittance of PE-SBMA film recovered to 86.03% of the initial value after cleaning, while that of the PE film recovered to only 47.27%. The results demonstrate that the AF properties of PE films were greatly improved on polySBMA-grafted surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Wang
- a School of Food Engineering and Biological Technology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- b State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Lixia Long
- c School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Xubo Yuan
- c School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- b State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Shengzhang Xue
- b State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Shumei Wen
- b State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Chenghu Yan
- b State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Jianming Wang
- a School of Food Engineering and Biological Technology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Wei Cong
- b State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
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12
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Yoshioka H, Izumi C, Shida M, Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi M. Repeatable adhesion by proton donor-acceptor interaction of polymer brushes. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Chen WL, Menzel M, Watanabe T, Prucker O, Rühe J, Ober CK. Reduced Lateral Confinement and Its Effect on Stability in Patterned Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3296-3303. [PMID: 28266860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The stability of strong polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs) was studied in bulk and in patterned structures. Thick PEBs of poly([(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) with thicknesses >100 nm were synthesized using single electron transfer living radical polymerization. Brush patterning was identified using deep-ultraviolet photolithography by means of either a top-down (TD) or bottom-up (BU) method, with features as small as 200 nm. The brushes were soaked in water under a range of pH or temperature conditions, and the hydrolysis was monitored through dry-state ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy measurements. BU patterns showed reduced degrafting for smaller patterns, which was attributed to increased stress relaxation at such dimensions. In contrast to the already relaxed BU-patterned brush, a TD-patterned brush possesses perpendicular structures that result from the use of orthogonal lithography. It was found that the TD process induces cross-linking on the sidewall, which subsequently fortifies the sidewall materials. This modification of the polymer brushes hindered the stress relaxation of the patterns, and the degrafting trends became irrelevant to the pattern sizes. With proper tuning, the cross-linking on the sidewall was minimized and the degrafting trends were again relaxation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Menzel
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg , 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tsukasa Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oswald Prucker
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg , 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg , 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Yu Y, Vancso GJ, de Beer S. Substantially enhanced stability against degrafting of zwitterionic PMPC brushes by utilizing PGMA-linked initiators. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hirai T, Kobayashi M, Takahara A. Control of the primary and secondary structure of polymer brushes by surface-initiated living/controlled polymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00956a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current research regarding the precise synthesis of polymer brushes and characterization methods for their molecular aggregate structure using neutron and/or synchrotron facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Hirai
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Fukuoka
- Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER)
- Kyushu University
| | - Motoyasu Kobayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Fukuoka
- Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- ERATO
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Fukuoka
- Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER)
- Kyushu University
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17
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Murakami D, Kobayashi M, Higaki Y, Jinnai H, Takahara A. Swollen structure and electrostatic interactions of polyelectrolyte brush in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Wu B, Wang X, Yang J, Hua Z, Tian K, Kou R, Zhang J, Ye S, Luo Y, Craig VSJ, Zhang G, Liu G. Reorganization of hydrogen bond network makes strong polyelectrolyte brushes pH-responsive. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600579. [PMID: 27532049 PMCID: PMC4975552 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Weak polyelectrolytes have found extensive practical applications owing to their rich pH-responsive properties. In contrast, strong polyelectrolytes have long been regarded as pH-insensitive based on the well-established fact that the average degree of charging of strong polyelectrolyte chains is independent of pH. The possible applications of strong polyelectrolytes in smart materials have, thus, been severely limited. However, we demonstrate that almost all important properties of strong polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs), such as chain conformation, hydration, stiffness, surface wettability, lubricity, adhesion, and protein adsorption are sensitive to pH. The pH response originates from the reorganization of the interchain hydrogen bond network between the grafted chains, triggered by the pH-mediated adsorption-desorption equilibrium of hydronium or hydroxide with the brushes. The reorganization process is firmly identified by advanced sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Our findings not only provide a new understanding of the fundamental properties of SPBs but also uncover an extensive family of building blocks for constructing pH-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zan Hua
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kangzhen Tian
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ran Kou
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Vincent S. J. Craig
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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19
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He Z, Xie WJ, Liu Z, Liu G, Wang Z, Gao YQ, Wang J. Tuning ice nucleation with counterions on polyelectrolyte brush surfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600345. [PMID: 27386581 PMCID: PMC4928907 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous ice nucleation (HIN) on ionic surfaces is ubiquitous in a wide range of atmospheric aerosols and at biological interfaces. Despite its great importance in cirrus cloud formation and cryopreservation of cells, organs, and tissues, it remains unclear whether the ion-specific effect on ice nucleation exists. Benefiting from the fact that ions at the polyelectrolyte brush (PB)/water interface can be reversibly exchanged, we report the effect of ions on HIN on the PB surface, and we discover that the distinct efficiency of ions in tuning HIN follows the Hofmeister series. Moreover, a large HIN temperature window of up to 7.8°C is demonstrated. By establishing a correlation between the fraction of ice-like water molecules and the kinetics of structural transformation from liquid- to ice-like water molecules at the PB/water interface with different counterions, we show that our molecular dynamics simulation analysis is consistent with the experimental observation of the ion-specific effect on HIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan He
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Jun Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zuowei Wang
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - Yi Qin Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author. (J.W.); (Y.Q.G.)
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding author. (J.W.); (Y.Q.G.)
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20
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Preparation of a thick polymer brush layer composed of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and analysis of protein adsorption resistance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:507-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Zhou T, Qi H, Han L, Barbash D, Li CY. Towards controlled polymer brushes via a self-assembly-assisted-grafting-to approach. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11119. [PMID: 27009369 PMCID: PMC4820851 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise synthesis of polymer brushes to modify the surface of nanoparticles and nanodevices for targeted applications has been one of the major focuses in the community for decades. Here we report a self-assembly-assisted-grafting-to approach to synthesize polymer brushes on flat substrates. In this method, polymers are pre-assembled into two-dimensional polymer single crystals (PSCs) with functional groups on the surface. Chemically coupling the PSCs onto solid substrates leads to the formation of polymer brushes. Exquisite control of the chain folding in PSCs allows us to obtain polymer brushes with well-defined grafting density, tethering points and brush conformation. Extremely high grafting density (2.12 chains per nm(2)) has been achieved in the synthesized single-tethered polymer brushes. Moreover, polymer loop brushes have been successfully obtained using oddly folded PSCs from telechelic chains. Our approach combines some of the important advantages of conventional 'grafting-to' and 'grafting-from' methods, and is promising for tailored synthesis of polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dmitri Barbash
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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22
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Higuchi T, Konyuba Y, Nishiyama H, Suga M, Takahara A, Jinnai H. Direct observation of polyelectrolyte brushes under wet and dry conditions by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015; 65:139-44. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kou R, Zhang J, Wang T, Liu G. Interactions between Polyelectrolyte Brushes and Hofmeister Ions: Chaotropes versus Kosmotropes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10461-8. [PMID: 26359677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the interactions between the positively charged poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC) brushes and the Hofmeister anions and the interactions between the negatively charged poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium) (PSPMA) brushes and the Hofmeister cations using a combination of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and spectroscopic ellipsometry. A V-shaped anion series is observed in terms of the ion-specific interactions between the PMETAC brushes and the Hofmeister anions. We have found that the chaotropic and kosmotropic anions interact with the PMETAC brushes in different manners. The ion-specific interactions between the PMETAC brushes and the chaotropic anions are dominated by the direct interactions between the anions and the positively charged quaternary ammonium group via ion pairing mediated by ionic hydration strength or polarizability, whereas the ion-specific interactions between the PMETAC brushes and the kosmotropic anions are dominated by the competition for water molecules between the anions and the brushes. The ion-specific interactions between the PMETAC brushes and the anions have significant influences on both the hydration and the conformation of the brushes. The cations exhibit weaker specific ion effects on the PSPMA brushes in comparison with the specific anion effects on the PMETAC brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kou
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, P. R. China 230026
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24
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Lan T, Torkelson JM. Substantial spatial heterogeneity and tunability of glass transition temperature observed with dense polymer brushes prepared by ARGET ATRP. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Murugan P, Krishnamurthy M, Jaisankar SN, Samanta D, Mandal AB. Controlled decoration of the surface with macromolecules: polymerization on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3212-43. [PMID: 25839067 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer functionalized surfaces are important components of various sensors, solar cells and molecular electronic devices. In this context, the use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation and subsequent reactions on the surface have attracted a lot of interest due to its stability, reliability and excellent control over orientation of functional groups. The chemical reactions to be employed on a SAM must ensure an effective functional group conversion while the reaction conditions must be mild enough to retain the structural integrity. This synthetic constraint has no universal solution; specific strategies such as "graft from", "graft to", "graft through" or "direct" immobilization approaches are employed depending on the nature of the substrate, polymer and its area of applications. We have reviewed current developments in the methodology of immobilization of a polymer in the first part of the article. Special emphasis has been given to the merits and demerits of certain methods. Another issue concerns the utility - demonstrated or perceived - of conjugated or non-conjugated macromolecules anchored on a functionally decorated SAM in the areas of material science and biotechnology. In the last part of the review article, we looked at the collective research efforts towards SAM-based polymer devices and identified major pointers of progress (236 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Murugan
- Polymer Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai-600020, India.
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26
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Patil RR, Turgman-Cohen S, Šrogl J, Kiserow D, Genzer J. On-demand degrafting and the study of molecular weight and grafting density of poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes on flat silica substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2372-2381. [PMID: 25654273 DOI: 10.1021/la5044766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on degrafting of surface-anchored poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes from flat silica-based substrates using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) and determining their molecular weight distribution (MWD) using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The grafted PMMA layer was synthesized using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of MMA for polymerization times ranging from 6 to 24 h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry were employed in tandem to characterize the degrafting process. The SEC eluograms were fit to various polymer distributions, namely Zimm-Schulz, ATRP in continuous stirred tank reactor, Wesslau, Schulz-Flory, and Smith et al. The ATRP model gives the best fit to the experimental data. The dry PMMA brush thickness and the number-average molecular weight (obtained from the MWD) suggest that the grafting density of the PMMA grafts is independent of polymerization time, indicating well-controlled/living growth of MMA. The observed polydispersity index (PDI) was higher than that generally observed in bulk grown polymers under similar conditions, indicating an effect due to chain confinement and crowding. We detect small but noticeable dependence of the polymer brush grafting density on the inhibitor/catalyst ratio. Higher inhibitor/catalyst ratio offers better control with lower early terminations, which results in a small increase in the apparent grafting density of the chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan R Patil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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27
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Patil RR, Turgman-Cohen S, Šrogl J, Kiserow D, Genzer J. Direct Measurement of Molecular Weight and Grafting Density by Controlled and Quantitative Degrafting of Surface-Anchored Poly(methyl methacrylate). ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:251-254. [PMID: 35596417 DOI: 10.1021/mz5007188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on quantitative determination of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and grafting density (σP) of polymer assemblies grown by controlled radical polymerization from flat substrates as a function of polymerization time and the ratio between the inhibitor and catalyst species. Specifically, we grow poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes on flat silica-based surfaces by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), cleave the PMMA grafts quantitatively using tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (TBAF), and analyze their MWD by size exclusion chromatography equipped with a high-sensitivity differential refractive index detector. The polymer growth and degrafting processes are followed by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The σP is independent of polymerization time and increases with increasing SI-ATRP inhibitor/catalyst ratio. Specifically, σP increases from 0.48 ± 0.06 to 0.58 ± 0.06 chains/nm2 as the inhibitor/catalyst molar ratio increases from 0 to 0.015, respectively, providing evidence that high inhibitor/catalyst ratio offers better control of the SI-ATRP reaction, by lowering number of terminations, and leading to denser PMMA brush assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan R. Patil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Salomon Turgman-Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan 48504, United States
| | - Jiří Šrogl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Douglas Kiserow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
- US Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2211, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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28
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Pranantyo D, Xu LQ, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Ng YX, Teo SLM. Tea Stains-Inspired Initiator Primer for Surface Grafting of Antifouling and Antimicrobial Polymer Brush Coatings. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:723-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501623c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dicky Pranantyo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Li Qun Xu
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Koon-Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - Ying Xian Ng
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119223
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119223
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29
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Shirahase T, Kikuchi M, Shinohara T, Kobayashi M, Takahara A. Effect of nanoparticle SiO2 grafted poly (methyl methacrylate) on poly(l-lactic) acid crystallization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Patil R, Kiserow D, Genzer J. Creating surface patterns of polymer brushes by degrafting via tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (TBAF) for creating spatial patterns of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes on a flat silica support by degrafting PMMA grafted chains from selected regions on the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Douglas Kiserow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
- US Army Research Office
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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31
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Higaki Y, Hatae K, Ishikawa T, Takanohashi T, Hayashi JI, Takahara A. Adsorption and desorption behavior of asphaltene on polymer-brush-immobilized surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20385-20389. [PMID: 25370500 DOI: 10.1021/am505904b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behavior of a model compound for surface-active component of asphaltenes, N-(1-hexylheptyl)-N'-(12-carboxylicdodecyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide (C5Pe), and detachment behavior of asphaltene deposit films for high-density polymer brushes were investigated. Zwitterionic poly(3-(N-2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)ammonatopropanesulfonate (PMAPS) brushes and hydrophobic poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) (PHMA) brushes exhibit less C5Pe adsorption than poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The asphaltene deposit films on the PHMA brush detached in a model oil (toluene/n-heptane=1/4 (v/v)), and the asphaltene films on the PMAPS brush detached in water. The antifouling character was explained by the interface free energy for the polymer-brush/asphaltenes (γSA) and polymer-brush/toluene (γSO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Higaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, ‡Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, and ∥International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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32
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Kobayashi M, Tanaka H, Minn M, Sugimura J, Takahara A. Interferometry study of aqueous lubrication on the surface of polyelectrolyte brush. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20365-20371. [PMID: 25340883 DOI: 10.1021/am505906h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The water lubrication behavior of a polyelectrolyte brush was investigated by using double-spacer-layer ultra-thin-film interferometry to determine the thickness of the aqueous lubrication layer present at the interface between the brush and a spherical glass lens. A hydrophilic poly{[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride} brush was prepared on an optical glass disk coated with layers of semireflective chromium and silica. The thickness of the hydrodynamic lubrication layer was estimated interferometrically. On increasing the sliding velocity from 10(-5) to 10(-1) m·s(-1), the gap between the rotating disk and loading sphere glass lens showed a marked increase to 130 nm at 2×10(-2) m·s(-1), and the friction coefficient simultaneously decreased to 0.01-0.02, indicating that the polyelectrolyte brush promoted the formation of a fluid lubrication layer that separates the rubbing surfaces, preventing direct contact and providing a low friction coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Kobayashi
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, CE80, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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33
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Kobayashi M, Ishihara K, Takahara A. Neutron reflectivity study of the swollen structure of polyzwitterion and polyeletrolyte brushes in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 25:1673-86. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.952992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Chu X, Yang J, Liu G, Zhao J. Swelling enhancement of polyelectrolyte brushes induced by external ions. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:5568-5578. [PMID: 24960144 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been observed previously that when permanently charged polyelectrolyte brushes are exposed to an external salt solution, they shrink when the salt level is high enough. In this study, we observed an enhanced swelling process before the salt concentration reached that limit. We systematically investigated a few strong polyelectrolyte brush systems, including sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSSNa), poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) and potassium poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PSPMA) with different molecular weights and grafting density using a combination of methods, including ellipsometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The swelling enhancement is expressed by the thickening of the brush layer at moderate salt concentrations, accompanied by the decrease of refractive index, the increase of the amount of solvent inside the brushes and an increase in retardation time. A scenario is proposed in which the counterions penetrate into the brushes driven by the external salt ions, they disrupt and break up the previously formed multiplets due to the dipole-dipole interaction by the ion-pairs on the polymer chain. This process results in the release of the bound segments and the stretching of the polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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35
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Liu P, Domingue E, Ayers DC, Song J. Modification of Ti6Al4V substrates with well-defined zwitterionic polysulfobetaine brushes for improved surface mineralization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:7141-52. [PMID: 24828749 PMCID: PMC4039344 DOI: 10.1021/am501967y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoconductive mineral coatings are beneficial for improving the osteointegration of metallic orthopedic/dental implants, but achieving adequate structural integration between the surface minerals and underlying metallic substrates has been a significant challenge. Here, we report covalent grafting of zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) brushes on the Ti6Al4V substrates to promote the surface-mineralization of hydroxyapatite with enhanced surface mineral coverage and mineral-substrate interfacial adhesion. We first optimized the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions for synthesizing pSBMA polymers in solution. Well-controlled pSBMA polymers (relative molecular weight up to 26 kD, PDI = 1.17) with high conversions were obtained when the ATRP was carried out in trifluoroethanol/ionic liquid system at 60 °C. Applying identical polymerization conditions, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) was carried out to graft zwitterionic pSBMA brushes (PDI < 1.20) from the Ti6Al4V substrates, generating a stable superhydrophilic and low-fouling surface coating without compromising the bulk mechanic property of the Ti6Al4V substrates. The zwitterionic pSBMA surface brushes, capable of attracting both cationic and anionic precursor ions during calcium phosphate apatite mineralization, increased the surface mineral coverage from 32% to 71%, and significantly reinforced the attachment of the apatite crystals on the Ti6Al4V substrate. This facile approach to surface modification of metallic substrates can be exploited to generate multifunctional polymer coatings and improve the performance of metallic implants in skeletal tissue engineering and orthopedic and dental care.
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36
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He H, Zhong M, Luebke D, Nulwala H, Matyjaszewski K. Atom transfer radical polymerization of ionic liquid monomer: The influence of salt/counterion on polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun He
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Macromolecular Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- United States Department of Energy; National Energy Technology Laboratory; P.O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Macromolecular Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - David Luebke
- United States Department of Energy; National Energy Technology Laboratory; P.O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236
| | - Hunaid Nulwala
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Macromolecular Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
- United States Department of Energy; National Energy Technology Laboratory; P.O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Macromolecular Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
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37
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Watanabe H, Fujimoto A, Yamamoto R, Nishida J, Kobayashi M, Takahara A. Scaffold for growing dense polymer brushes from a versatile substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3648-3653. [PMID: 24494814 DOI: 10.1021/am405965s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated a universal approach to growing polymer brushes from various substrates. Urushiol was mixed with initiator-containing catechol, and it was spin-coated or cast on various substrates. Because urushiol is strongly adhered to various substrates, the thin film can serve as a general scaffold for grafting polymer brushes from various substrates. Note that the film was formed even onto the surface of polyolefins and thermosetting resins that are known as chemically inert materials to functionalize the surface. Moreover, the initiator-immobilized scaffold showed mechanical robustness and chemical inertness because of the flexible long unsaturated hydrocarbon side chain of urushiol. After the grafting of polyelectrolyte PMTAC polymer brushes, the material obtained exhibited hydrophilicity, typical of PMTAC. The concept shown here could provide a general approach for grafting practical polymer brushes from various substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohmi Watanabe
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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38
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Ishikawa T, Takenaka A, Kikuchi M, Kobayashi M, Takahara A. Effective Addition of Organic Chloride Salts on Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Fluoroalcohols. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401857w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering,‡Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, §Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering,⊥International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ai Takenaka
- Graduate School of Engineering,‡Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, §Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering,⊥International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Moriya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering,‡Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, §Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering,⊥International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering,‡Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, §Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering,⊥International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Graduate School of Engineering,‡Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, §Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering,⊥International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Ishikawa T, Kikuchi M, Kobayashi M, Ohta N, Takahara A. Chain Conformation of Poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] in Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4001868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395,
Japan
| | - Moriya Kikuchi
- Japan Science and
Technology
Agency, ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395,
Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kobayashi
- Japan Science and
Technology
Agency, ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395,
Japan
| | - Noboru Ohta
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1, Kouto,
Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395,
Japan
- Japan Science and
Technology
Agency, ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395,
Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry
and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744
Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for
Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Yamaguchi H, Gin P, Arita H, Kobayashi M, Bennett S, Satija SK, Asada M, Koga T, Takahara A. Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on molecular aggregation states of side chains of semicrystalline poly{2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate} brush thin films. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhao Y, Lord MS, Stenzel MH. A polyion complex micelle with heparin for growth factor delivery and uptake into cells. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1635-1643. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00360d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kobayashi M, Matsugi T, Saito J, Imuta JI, Kashiwa N, Takahara A. Direct modification of polyolefin films by surface-initiated polymerization of a phosphobetaine monomer. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20712e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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HIGAKI Y, MA W, KOBAYASHI M, TAKAHARA A. Nature-inspired Low Adhesive Antifouling Surfaces. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2013. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.70.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kobayashi M, Takahara A. Environmentally friendly repeatable adhesion using a sulfobetaine-type polyzwitterion brush. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Patil Y, Ameduri B. First RAFT/MADIX radical copolymerization of tert-butyl 2-trifluoromethacrylate with vinylidene fluoride controlled by xanthate. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mitamura K, Yamada NL, Sagehashi H, Torikai N, Arita H, Terada M, Kobayashi M, Sato S, Seto H, Goko S, Furusaka M, Oda T, Hino M, Jinnai H, Takahara A. Novel neutron reflectometer SOFIA at J-PARC/MLF for in-situ soft-interface characterization. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zengin A, Caykara T. RAFT-mediated synthesis of poly[(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate] brushes for biological functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kobayashi M, Terayama Y, Yamaguchi H, Terada M, Murakami D, Ishihara K, Takahara A. Wettability and antifouling behavior on the surfaces of superhydrophilic polymer brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7212-7222. [PMID: 22500465 DOI: 10.1021/la301033h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The surface wettabilities of polymer brushes with hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups were discussed on the basis of conventional static and dynamic contact angle measurements of water and hexadecane in air and captive bubble measurements in water. Various types of high-density polymer brushes with nonionic and ionic functional groups were prepared on a silicon wafer by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. The surface free energies of the brushes were estimated by Owens-Wendt equation using the contact angles of various probe liquids with different polarities. The decrease in the water contact angle corresponded to the polarity of fluoroalkyl, hydroxy, ethylene oxide, amino, carboxylic acid, ammonium salt, sulfonate, carboxybetaine, sulfobetaine, and phosphobetaine functional groups. The poly(2-perfluorooctylethyl acrylate) brush had a low surface free energy of approximately 8.7 mN/m, but the polyelectrolyte brushes revealed much higher surface free energies of 70-74 mN/m, close to the value for water. Polyelectrolyte brushes repelled both air bubbles and hexadecane in water. Even when the silicone oil was spread on the polyelectrolyte brush surfaces in air, once they were immersed in water, the oil quickly rolled up and detached from the brush surface. The oil detachment behavior observed on the superhydrophilic polyelectrolyte brush in water was explained by the low adhesion force between the brush and the oil, which could contribute to its excellent antifouling and self-cleaning properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Kobayashi
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project.
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Kobayashi M, Terada M, Terayama Y, Kikuchi M, Takahara A. Direct Controlled Polymerization of Ionic Monomers by Surface-Initiated ATRP Using a Fluoroalcohol and Ionic Liquids. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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