1
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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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2
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Liu G, Larson RG, Li L, Luo H, He X, Niu Y, Li G. Influence of Chain Entanglement on Rheological and Mechanical Behaviors of Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Outerelo Corvo T, Jourdain A, O’Brien S, Restagno F, Drockenmuller E, Chennevière A. Multiscale Structure of Poly(ionic liquid)s in Bulk and Solutions by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Outerelo Corvo
- Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CNRS-CEA, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Antoine Jourdain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Shona O’Brien
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Alexis Chennevière
- Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CNRS-CEA, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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4
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Wong LN, Jones SD, Wood K, de Campo L, Darwish T, Moir M, Li H, Segalman RA, Warr GG, Atkin R. Polycation radius of gyration in a polymeric ionic liquid (PIL): the PIL melt is not a theta solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4526-4532. [PMID: 35119064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the polycation in the prototypical polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) poly(3-methyl-1-aminopropylimidazolylacrylamide) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (poly(3MAPIm)TFSI) was probed using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) at 25 °C and 80 °C. Poly(3MAPIm)TFSI contains microvoids which lead to intense low q scattering that can be mitigated using mixtures of hydrogen- and deuterium-rich materials, allowing determination of the polycation conformation and radius of gyration (Rg). In the pure PIL, the polycation adopts a random coil conformation with Rg = 52 ± 0.5 Å. In contrast to conventional polymer melts, the pure PIL is not a theta solvent for the polycation. The TFSI- anions, which comprise 48% v/v of the PIL, are strongly attracted to the polycation and act like small solvent molecules which leads to chain swelling analogous to an entangled, semi-dilute, or concentrated polymer solution in a good solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas N Wong
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Seamus D Jones
- Chemical Engineering Department and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Kathleen Wood
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF), ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Michael Moir
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF), ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Chemical Engineering Department and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
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5
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He F, Xue B, Lei Q, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Influence of molecular weight on electro-responsive electrorheological effect of poly(ionic liquid)s: Rheology and dielectric spectroscopy analysis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Arnould M, Popovs I, Mahurin SM, Chen H, Wang T, Dai S. Synthesis of Poly(ionic Liquid)s- block-poly(methyl Methacrylate) Copolymer-Grafted Silica Particle Brushes with Enhanced CO 2 Permeability and Mechanical Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10875-10881. [PMID: 34459609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)-based block copolymers are of particular interest as they combine the specific properties of PILs with the self-assembling behaviors of block copolymers, broadening the range of potential applications for PIL-based materials. In this work, three particle brushes: SiO2-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), SiO2-g-PIL, and SiO2-g-PMMA-b-PIL were prepared through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Unlike the homogeneous homopolymer particle brushes, the block copolymer particle brush SiO2-g-PMMA-b-PIL exhibited a bimodal chain architecture and unique phase-separated morphology, which were confirmed by size-exclusion chromatography and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the influence of the introduction of the PMMA segment on the gas separation and mechanical performance of the PIL-containing block copolymer particle brushes were investigated. A significant improvement of Young's modulus was observed in the SiO2-g-PMMA-b-PIL compared to the SiO2-g-PIL bulk films; meanwhile, their gas separation performances (CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity) were the same, which demonstrates the possibility of improving the mechanical properties of PIL-based particle brushes without compromising their gas separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mark Arnould
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ilja Popovs
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Shannon M Mahurin
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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7
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Aqil M, Aqil A, Ouhib F, El Idrissi A, Dahbi M, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C. Nitroxide TEMPO-containing PILs: Kinetics study and electrochemical characterizations. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Yokokoji A, Kitayama W, Wichai K, Urakawa O, Matsumoto A, Vao-Soongnern V, Inoue T. Viscoelastic Relaxation of Polymerized Ionic Liquid and Lithium Salt Mixtures: Effect of Salt Concentration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111772. [PMID: 34071398 PMCID: PMC8199314 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) doped with lithium salts have recently attracted research interests as the polymer component in lithium-ion batteries because of their high ionic mobilities and lithium-ion transference numbers. To date, although the ion transport mechanism in lithium-doped PILs has been considerably studied, the role of lithium salts on the dynamics of PIL chains remains poorly understood. Herein, we examine the thermal and rheological behaviors of the mixture of poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PC4-TFSI)/lithium TFSI (LiTFSI) in order to clarify the effect of the addition of LiTFSI. We show that the glass transition temperature Tg and the entanglement density decrease with the increase in LiTFSI concentration wLiTFSI. These results indicate that LiTFSI acts as a plasticizer for PC4-TFSI. Comparison of the frequency dependence of the complex modulus under the iso-frictional condition reveals that the addition of LiTFSI does not modify the stress relaxation mechanism of PC4-TFSI, including its characteristic time scale. This suggests that the doped LiTFSI, component that can be carrier ions, is not so firmly bound to the polymer chain as it modifies the chain dynamics. In addition, a broadening of the loss modulus spectrum in the glass region occurs at high wLiTFSI. This change in the spectrum can be caused by the responses of free TFSI and/or coordination complexes of Li and TFSI. Our detailed rheological analysis can extract the information of the dynamical features for PIL/salt mixtures and may provide helpful knowledge for the control of mechanical properties and ion mobilities in PILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Yokokoji
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Wakana Kitayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Kamonthira Wichai
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (O.U.); (T.I.)
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan;
| | - Visit Vao-Soongnern
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (O.U.); (T.I.)
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9
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Zhao Q, Evans CM. Effect of Molecular Weight on Viscosity Scaling and Ion Transport in Linear Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Kinsey T, Glynn K, Cosby T, Iacob C, Sangoro J. Ion Dynamics of Monomeric Ionic Liquids Polymerized In Situ within Silica Nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44325-44334. [PMID: 32886472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids are a promising class of versatile solid-state electrolytes for applications ranging from electrochemical energy storage to flexible smart materials that remain limited by their relatively low ionic conductivities compared to conventional electrolytes. Here, we show that the in situ polymerization of the vinyl cationic monomer, 1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium with the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide counteranion, under nanoconfinement within 7.5 ± 1.0 nm diameter nanopores results in a nearly 1000-fold enhancement in the ionic conductivity compared to the material polymerized in bulk. Using insights from broadband dielectric and Raman spectroscopic techniques, we attribute these results to the role of confinement on molecular conformations, ion coordination, and subsequently the ionic conductivity in the polymerized ionic liquid. These results contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of nanoconfined molecules and show that in situ polymerization under nanoscale geometric confinement is a promising path toward enhancing ion conductivity in polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kinsey
- The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| | - Kaitlin Glynn
- The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| | - Tyler Cosby
- Department of Chemistry, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Ciprian Iacob
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI Rm, Valcea, Romania 240050
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe, Germany 76128
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
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11
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Choi UH, Price TL, Schoonover DV, Gibson HW, Colby RH. The Effect of Oligo(oxyethylene) Moieties on Ion Conduction and Dielectric Properties of Norbornene-Based Imidazolium Tf 2N Ionic Liquid Monomers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Hyeok Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Terry L. Price
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Daniel V. Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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12
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Karjalainen E, Suvarli N, Tenhu H. Thermoresponsive behavior of poly[trialkyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium] based polyelectrolytes in aqueous salt solutions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00917b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic method to induce thermoresponsive behavior for polycations with salts from the reversed Hofmeister series is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erno Karjalainen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
| | - Narmin Suvarli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
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13
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Kuray P, Noda T, Matsumoto A, Iacob C, Inoue T, Hickner MA, Runt J. Ion Transport in Pendant and Backbone Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeru Noda
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ciprian Iacob
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI, Rm. Valcea 240050, Romania
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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14
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Wieland F, Bocharova V, Münzner P, Hiller W, Sakrowski R, Sternemann C, Böhmer R, Sokolov AP, Gainaru C. Structure and dynamics of short-chain polymerized ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034903. [PMID: 31325936 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining experimental results obtained with X-ray scattering and field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and an assessment of new and previous dielectric and rheology data, our study focuses on the molecular weight (Mw) evolution of local structure and dynamics in a homologous series of covalently bonded ionic liquids. Performed on a family of electrolytes with a tailored degree of ionic decoupling, this study reveals the differences between monomeric and oligomeric melts with respect to their structural organization, mass and charge transport, and molecular diffusion. Our study demonstrates that for the monomeric compound, the broadband conductivity and mechanical spectra reflect the same underlying distribution of activation barriers and that the Random Barrier Model describes fairly well both the ionic and structural relaxation processes in these materials. Moreover, the oligomers with chains comprising ten segments only exhibit both structural and dynamical fingerprints of a genuine polymer. A comparison of conductivity levels estimated using the self-diffusion coefficients probed via NMR and those probed directly with dielectric spectroscopy reveals the emerging of ion correlations which are affecting the macroscopic charge transport in these materials in a chain-length dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wieland
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - W Hiller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Sakrowski
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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15
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Nie FM, Cui J, Zhou YF, Pan L, Ma Z, Li YS. Molecular-Level Tuning toward Aggregation Dynamics of Self-Healing Materials. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Min Nie
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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16
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Heres M, Cosby T, Mapesa EU, Liu H, Berdzinski S, Strehmel V, Dadmun M, Paddison SJ, Sangoro J. Ion Transport in Glassy Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Unraveling the Impact of the Molecular Structure. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Berdzinski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
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17
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Erwin AJ, Lee H, Ge S, Zhao S, Korolovych VF, He H, Matyjaszewski K, Sokolov AP, Tsukruk VV. Viscoelastic properties and ion dynamics in star-shaped polymerized ionic liquids. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Matsumoto A, Iacob C, Noda T, Urakawa O, Runt J, Inoue T. Introducing Large Counteranions Enhances the Elastic Modulus of Imidazolium-Based Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ciprian Iacob
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Takeru Noda
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - James Runt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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19
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Bartels J, Sanoja GE, Evans CM, Segalman RA, Helgeson ME. Decoupling Mechanical and Conductive Dynamics of Polymeric Ionic Liquids via a Trivalent Anion Additive. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Iacob C, Matsumoto A, Brennan M, Liu H, Paddison SJ, Urakawa O, Inoue T, Sangoro J, Runt J. Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Correlation of Ionic Conductivity with Nanoscale Morphology and Counterion Volume. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:941-946. [PMID: 35650895 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the chemical structure on ion transport, nanoscale morphology, and dynamics in polymerized imidazolium-based ionic liquids is investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray scattering, complemented with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Anion volume is found to correlate strongly with Tg-independent ionic conductivities spanning more than 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, a systematic increase in alkyl side chain length results in about one decade decrease in Tg-independent ionic conductivity correlating with an increase in the characteristic backbone-to-backbone distances found from scattering and simulations. The quantitative comparison between ion sizes, morphology, and ionic conductivity underscores the need for polymerized ionic liquids with small counterions and short alkyl side chain length in order to obtain polymer electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Iacob
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Marissa Brennan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Stephen J. Paddison
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - James Runt
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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21
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Tokuda M, Suzuki T, Minami H. Morphological change of thermosensitive imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)/poly(phenylethylmethacrylate) composite particles. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tokuda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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22
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Mogurampelly S, Ganesan V. Structure and mechanisms underlying ion transport in ternary polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:074902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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23
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Heres M, Cosby T, Mapesa EU, Sangoro J. Probing Nanoscale Ion Dynamics in Ultrathin Films of Polymerized Ionic Liquids by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1065-1069. [PMID: 35614646 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Continuous progress in energy storage and conversion technologies necessitates novel experimental approaches that can provide fundamental insights regarding the impact of reduced dimensions on the functional properties of materials. Here, we demonstrate a nondestructive experimental approach to probe nanoscale ion dynamics in ultrathin films of polymerized 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide over a broad frequency range spanning over 6 orders of magnitude by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The approach involves using an electrode configuration with lithographically patterned silica nanostructures, which allow for an air gap between the confined ion conductor and one of the electrodes. We observe that the characteristic rate of ion dynamics significantly slows down with decreasing film thicknesses above the calorimetric glass transition of the bulk polymer. However, the mean rates remain bulk-like at lower temperatures. These results highlight the increasing influence of the polymer/substrate interactions with decreasing film thickness on ion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Heres
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tyler Cosby
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Emmanuel Urandu Mapesa
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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24
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Evans CM, Bridges CR, Sanoja GE, Bartels J, Segalman RA. Role of Tethered Ion Placement on Polymerized Ionic Liquid Structure and Conductivity: Pendant versus Backbone Charge Placement. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:925-930. [PMID: 35607206 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of ion placement was systematically investigated in imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (ImTFSI) polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) containing pendant charges and charges in the backbone (sometimes called ionenes). The backbone PILs were synthesized via a facile step growth route, and pendant PILs were synthesized via RAFT. Both PILs were designed to have nearly identical charge density, and the conductivity was found to be substantially enhanced in the backbone PIL systems even after accounting for differences in the glass transition temperature (Tg). Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed an invariance in the location of the amorphous halo between the two systems, while the anion-anion correlation peak was shifted to lower scattering wavevector (q) in the backbone PILs. This indicates an increase in the correlation length of ions and is consistent with charge transport along a more correlated pathway following the polymer backbone. Due to the linear nature of the backbone PILs, crystallization was observed and correlated with changes in conductivity. Upon crystallization, the conductivity dropped, and eventually, two populations of mobile ions were observed and attributed to ions in the amorphous and near-crystallite regions. The present work demonstrates the important role of ion placement on local structure and conductivity as well as the ability of backbone PILs to be used as controllable optical or dielectric materials based on crystallization or processing history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Fan F, Wang W, Holt AP, Feng H, Uhrig D, Lu X, Hong T, Wang Y, Kang NG, Mays J, Sokolov AP. Effect of Molecular Weight on the Ion Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Adam P. Holt
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Hongbo Feng
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Uhrig
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Chemical Sciences
Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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26
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Jangu C, Schultz AR, Wall CE, Esker AR, Long TE. Diphenylphosphino Styrene-Containing Homopolymers: Influence of Alkylation and Mobile Anions on Physical Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1212-7. [PMID: 27229183 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional free radical polymerization and post-alkylation of 4-diphenylphosphino styrene (DPPS) generate a new class of high-molecular-weight phosphonium-containing homopolymers with tunable thermal, viscoelastic, and wetting properties. Post-alkylation and subsequent anion exchange provide an effective method for tuning Tg values and thermal stability as a function of alkyl chain length and counteranion selection (X(-) , BF4 (-) , TfO(-) , and Tf2 N(-) ). Rheological characterization facilitates the generation of time-temperature-superposition (TTS) pseudomaster curves and subsequent analysis of frequency sweeps at various temperatures reveals two relaxation modes corresponding to long-range segmental motion and the onset of viscous flow. Contact angle measurements reveal the influence of counteranion selection on wetting properties, revealing increased contact angles for homopolymers containing nucleophilic counteranions. These investigations provide fundamental insight into phosphonium-containing polymers, aiming to guide future research and applications involving electro-active polymeric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chainika Jangu
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII), Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0212, USA
| | - Alison R Schultz
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII), Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0212, USA
| | - Candace E Wall
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII), Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0212, USA
| | - Alan R Esker
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII), Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0212, USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII), Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0212, USA
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27
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Evans CM, Sanoja GE, Popere BC, Segalman RA. Anhydrous Proton Transport in Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers: Roles of Block Length, Ionic Content, and Confinement. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
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28
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Fan F, Wang Y, Hong T, Heres MF, Saito T, Sokolov AP. Ion Conduction in Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Different Pendant Groups. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tao Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Maximilian F. Heres
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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29
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Bradley LC, Gupta M. Copolymerization of 1-Ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501407q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Bradley
- Mork Family
Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Malancha Gupta
- Mork Family
Department of
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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30
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Zhang H, Li L, Feng W, Zhou Z, Nie J. Polymeric ionic liquids based on ether functionalized ammoniums and perfluorinated sulfonimides. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Wojnarowska Z, Knapik J, Díaz M, Ortiz A, Ortiz I, Paluch M. Conductivity Mechanism in Polymerized Imidazolium-Based Protic Ionic Liquid [HSO3–BVIm][OTf]: Dielectric Relaxation Studies. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Wojnarowska
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- SMCEBI 75 Pułku Piechoty
1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - J. Knapik
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- SMCEBI 75 Pułku Piechoty
1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - M. Díaz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - A. Ortiz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - I. Ortiz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M. Paluch
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- SMCEBI 75 Pułku Piechoty
1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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32
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Sangoro JR, Iacob C, Agapov AL, Wang Y, Berdzinski S, Rexhausen H, Strehmel V, Friedrich C, Sokolov AP, Kremer F. Decoupling of ionic conductivity from structural dynamics in polymerized ionic liquids. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3536-3540. [PMID: 24718358 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport and structural dynamics in low molecular weight and polymerized 1-vinyl-3-pentylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids (ILs) are investigated by a combination of broadband dielectric spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. While the dc conductivity and fluidity exhibit practically identical temperature dependence for the non-polymerized IL, a significant decoupling of ionic conduction from structural dynamics is observed for the polymerized IL. In addition, the dc conductivity of the polymerized IL exceeds that of its molecular counterpart by four orders of magnitude at their respective calorimetric glass transition temperatures. This is attributed to the unusually high mobility of the anions especially at lower temperatures when the structural dynamics is significantly slowed down. A simple physical explanation of the possible origin of the remarkable decoupling of ionic conductivity from structural dynamics is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Sangoro
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2200, USA.
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33
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Choi UH, Ye Y, Salas de la Cruz D, Liu W, Winey KI, Elabd YA, Runt J, Colby RH. Dielectric and Viscoelastic Responses of Imidazolium-Based Ionomers with Different Counterions and Side Chain Lengths. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402263y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Hyeok Choi
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yuesheng Ye
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David Salas de la Cruz
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James Runt
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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34
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He H, Adzima B, Zhong M, Averick S, Koepsel R, Murata H, Russell A, Luebke D, Takahara A, Nulwala H, Matyjaszewski K. Multifunctional photo-crosslinked polymeric ionic hydrogel films. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crosslinked ionic hydrogel films prepared by photopolymerization have multiple applications as magnetic, catalytic, antibiotic, and fluorescent materials.
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35
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Prescher S, Polzer F, Yang Y, Siebenbürger M, Ballauff M, Yuan J. Polyelectrolyte as solvent and reaction medium. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:12-5. [PMID: 24295443 DOI: 10.1021/ja409395y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A poly(ionic liquid) with a rather low glass transition temperature of -57°C was synthesized via free radical polymerization of an acrylate-type ionic liquid monomer. It exhibits fluidic behavior in a wide temperature range from room temperature to the threshold of the thermal decomposition. We demonstrate that it could act as a unique type of macromolecular solvent to dissolve various compounds and polymers and separate substances. In addition, this polyelectrolyte could serve successfully as reaction medium for catalysis and colloid particle synthesis. The synergy in the solvation and stabilization properties is a striking character of this polymer to downsize the in situ generated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Prescher
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , D-14424 Potsdam, Germany
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36
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Benedetti TM, Torresi RM. Rheological changes and kinetics of water uptake by poly(ionic liquid)-based thin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15589-15595. [PMID: 24289223 DOI: 10.1021/la4038809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Water uptake by thin films composed of the poly(ionic liquid) poly[diallyldimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] (PDDATf2N) and the ionic liquid N,N-butylmethylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pyr1.4Tf2N) was studied with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. The data obtained for films with different compositions during the passage of dry and wet N2 flow through the films were simulated with the Kevin-Voigt viscoelastic model for assessment of the mass of uptake water as well as the viscoelastic parameters. Our results show that the ionic liquid acts as a plasticizer, reducing the rigidity of the film and decreasing the capacity of water uptake. Introduction to a Li salt (LiTf2N) increases the water uptake capacity and also affects both elastic and viscous parameters due to aggregation among the ions from the ionic liquid and Li(+). However, due to the preferable interaction of Li(+) ions with water molecules, these aggregates are broken when the film is hydrated. In short, the presence of water in such films affects their mechanical properties, which can reflect in their performances as solid state electrolytes and ion-conducting membranes for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia M Benedetti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP) , CP 26077, 05513-970, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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37
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Adzima BJ, Taylor SC, He H, Luebke DR, Matyjaszewski K, Nulwala HB. Vinyl-triazolium monomers: Versatile and new class of radically polymerizable ionic monomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Adzima
- National Energy Technology Laboratory; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Steve C. Taylor
- National Energy Technology Laboratory; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236
| | - Hongkun He
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - David R. Luebke
- National Energy Technology Laboratory; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Hunaid B. Nulwala
- National Energy Technology Laboratory; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15236
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
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38
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Li M, Yang B, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Fang S, Zhang Z. New polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) gel electrolyte membranes based on tetraalkylammonium cations for lithium ion batteries. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Inoue T, Matsumoto A, Nakamura K. Dynamic Viscoelasticity and Birefringence of Poly(ionic liquids) in the Vicinity of Glass Transition Zone. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4010814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakamura
- DIC Corporation, 631 Sakado, Sakura, Chiba 285-8668, Japan
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Allen MH, Wang S, Hemp ST, Chen Y, Madsen LA, Winey KI, Long TE. Hydroxyalkyl-Containing Imidazolium Homopolymers: Correlation of Structure with Conductivity. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Allen
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sharon Wang
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sean T. Hemp
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Macromolecules and Interfaces
Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Smith TW, Zhao M, Yang F, Smith D, Cebe P. Imidazole Polymers Derived from Ionic Liquid 4-Vinylimidazolium Monomers: Their Synthesis and Thermal and Dielectric Properties. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300862t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peggy Cebe
- Physics and Astronomy Department,
Center for Nanoscopic Physics, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United
States
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Hemp ST, Zhang M, Tamami M, Long TE. Phosphonium ionenes from well-defined step-growth polymerization: thermal and melt rheological properties. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00365e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nakamura K, Fukao K, Inoue T. Dielectric Relaxation and Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Various Counteranions. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakamura
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular
Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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