1
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G Lopez C, Matsumoto A, Shen AQ. Dilute polyelectrolyte solutions: recent progress and open questions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2635-2687. [PMID: 38427030 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are a class of polymers possessing ionic groups on their repeating units. Since counterions can dissociate from the polymer backbone, polyelectrolyte chains are strongly influenced by electrostatic interactions. As a result, the physical properties of polyelectrolyte solutions are significantly different from those of electrically neutral polymers. The aim of this article is to highlight key results and some outstanding questions in the polyelectrolyte research from recent literature. We focus on the influence of electrostatics on conformational and hydrodynamic properties of polyelectrolyte chains. A compilation of experimental results from the literature reveals significant disparities with theoretical predictions. We also discuss a new class of polyelectrolytes called poly(ionic liquid)s that exhibit unique physical properties in comparison to ordinary polyelectrolytes. We conclude this review by listing some key research challenges in order to fully understand the conformation and dynamics of polyelectrolytes in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui City, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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2
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Liu G, Larson RG, Li L, Luo H, He X, Niu Y, Li G. Influence of Chain Entanglement on Rheological and Mechanical Behaviors of Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Hernández SI, Altava B, Portillo-Rodríguez JA, Santamaría-Holek I, García-Alcántara C, Luis SV, Compañ V. The Debye length and anionic transport properties of composite membranes based on supported ionic liquid-like phases (SILLPS). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29731-29746. [PMID: 36458515 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of the ionic transport properties of BMIM [NTf2] in supported ionic-liquid-like phase (SILLP)-based membranes has been carried out based on experimental impedance spectroscopy measurements. The direct current (dc)-conductivity was analyzed to determine the temperature and frequency dependence. The fit of the loss tangent curve data with the Cole-Cole approximation of the electrode polarization model provides the conductivity, diffusivity, and density of charge carriers. Among these quantities, a significant increase in conductivity is observed when an ionic liquid is added to the polymeric matrix containing imidazolium fragments. The use of a recent generalization of Eyring's absolute rate theory allowed the elucidation of how the local entropy restrictions, due to the porosity of the polymeric matrix, control the conductive process. The fit of the conductivity data as a function of temperature manifests the behavior of the excess entropy with respect to the temperature. The activation entropy and enthalpy were also determined. Our results correlate the Debye length (LD) with the experimental values of conductivity, electrode polarization relaxation time, and sample relaxation time involved. Our work provides novel insights into the description of ionic transport in membranes as the diffusivity, mobility, and free charge density depend on the LD. Moreover, we discuss the behavior of the polarization relaxation time, the sample relaxation time, and the static permittivity as a function of the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Hernández
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico.
| | - Belen Altava
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080-Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - J A Portillo-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Quéretaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Centro Universitario, C.P. 760009, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Iván Santamaría-Holek
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Juriquilla, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico.
| | - C García-Alcántara
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico.
| | - Santiago V Luis
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080-Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022-Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Dong Y, Zhao X, Peng C, Zhao R, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Xu X, Yin J. Enhanced electrorheological effectiveness and temperature effect of suspensions based on poly(ionic liquid)s neutralized with mixed counterions. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Charge Transport and Glassy Dynamics in Blends Based on 1-Butyl-3-vinylbenzylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Ionic Liquid and the Corresponding Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122423. [PMID: 35745999 PMCID: PMC9227190 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge transport, diffusion properties, and glassy dynamics of blends of imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) and the corresponding polymer (polyIL) were examined by Pulsed-Field-Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG-NMR) and rheology coupled with broadband dielectric spectroscopy (rheo-BDS). We found that the mechanical storage modulus (G′) increases with an increasing amount of polyIL and G′ is a factor of 10,000 higher for the polyIL compared to the monomer (GIL′= 7.5 Pa at 100 rad s−1 and 298 K). Furthermore, the ionic conductivity (σ0) of the IL is a factor 1000 higher than its value for the polymerized monomer with 3.4×10−4 S cm−1 at 298 K. Additionally, we found the Haven Ratio (HR) obtained through PFG-NMR and BDS measurements to be constant around a value of 1.4 for the IL and blends with 30 wt% and 70 wt% polyIL. These results show that blending of the components does not have a strong impact on the charge transport compared to the charge transport in the pure IL at room temperature, but blending results in substantial modifications of the mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is highlighted that the increase in σ0 might be attributed to the addition of a more mobile phase, which also possibly reduces ion-ion correlations in the polyIL.
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Matsumoto A, Shen AQ. Rheological scaling of ionic-liquid-based polyelectrolytes in ionic liquid solutions: the effect of the ion diameter of ionic liquids. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4197-4204. [PMID: 35607974 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of the ion diameter a of ionic liquids (ILs) on the shear viscosity of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) in IL solutions. When both the PIL and IL contain large PFSI anions (a ≈ 0.57 nm), the specific viscosity ηsp first decreases with increasing IL concentration cIL in the low cIL regime, reaches a minimum and then increases with increasing cIL in the high cIL regime. By comparing the measured ηsp with the modified charge screening model proposed in our previous study [Matsumoto et al., Macromolecules, 2021, 54, 5648-5661], we attribute the observed non-monotonic trend of ηsp against cIL to the charge underscreening phenomenon, i.e., an increase of the screening length at high cIL leads to the upturn of ηsp. On the other hand, when the PIL and IL contain small BF4 anions (a ≈ 0.34 nm), the ηsp decreases asymptotically with increasing cIL, because the charge on the PIL chain is likely screened fully in the entire cIL regime. Our results demonstrate that the ion diameter of ILs plays an important role in governing the charge screening mechanism of PILs in IL solutions, and thus influencing the viscoelastic properties of PIL solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui City, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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7
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Outerelo Corvo T, Jourdain A, O’Brien S, Restagno F, Drockenmuller E, Chennevière A. Multiscale Structure of Poly(ionic liquid)s in Bulk and Solutions by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Outerelo Corvo
- Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CNRS-CEA, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Antoine Jourdain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Shona O’Brien
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Alexis Chennevière
- Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CNRS-CEA, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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8
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Wong LN, Jones SD, Wood K, de Campo L, Darwish T, Moir M, Li H, Segalman RA, Warr GG, Atkin R. Polycation radius of gyration in a polymeric ionic liquid (PIL): the PIL melt is not a theta solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4526-4532. [PMID: 35119064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the polycation in the prototypical polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) poly(3-methyl-1-aminopropylimidazolylacrylamide) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (poly(3MAPIm)TFSI) was probed using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) at 25 °C and 80 °C. Poly(3MAPIm)TFSI contains microvoids which lead to intense low q scattering that can be mitigated using mixtures of hydrogen- and deuterium-rich materials, allowing determination of the polycation conformation and radius of gyration (Rg). In the pure PIL, the polycation adopts a random coil conformation with Rg = 52 ± 0.5 Å. In contrast to conventional polymer melts, the pure PIL is not a theta solvent for the polycation. The TFSI- anions, which comprise 48% v/v of the PIL, are strongly attracted to the polycation and act like small solvent molecules which leads to chain swelling analogous to an entangled, semi-dilute, or concentrated polymer solution in a good solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas N Wong
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Seamus D Jones
- Chemical Engineering Department and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Kathleen Wood
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF), ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Michael Moir
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF), ANSTO, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Chemical Engineering Department and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia.
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9
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Evaporation-assisted phase separation preparation and electrorheological effect of poly(ionic liquid) microspheres with dual and mixed counterions. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Ivanov MY, Surovtsev NV, Fedin MV. Ionic liquid glasses: properties and applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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He F, Xue B, Lei Q, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Influence of molecular weight on electro-responsive electrorheological effect of poly(ionic liquid)s: Rheology and dielectric spectroscopy analysis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Polarization of ionic liquid and polymer and its implications for polymerized ionic liquids: An overview towards a new theory and simulation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Poly(ionic liquid)s Based on Copolymers of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Cationic Glycidyl Triazolyl Polymers with Tribranched Side Chains. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:831-836. [PMID: 35549190 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers comprising poly(ethylene oxide) and cationic glycidyl triazolyl polymer with tribranched side chains (PEO-co-GTP·3X) were synthesized from glycidyl azide copolymer (PEO-co-GAP) and the tricationic alkyne. A synthetic route for the tricationic alkyne was also improved. Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) were used as counteranions. Copolymers PEO-co-GTP·3TFSI and PEO-co-GTP·3FSI were characterized by NMR, IR, size exclusion chromatography, DSC, TGA, rheological, and impedance measurements. The NMR results suggested that the main chain of the copolymer was more flexible than that of the homopolymer. However, no major changes were detected in the glass transition temperature and ionic conductivity of the homopolymer and copolymer with TFSI counteranions. The counterion exchange from TFSI to FSI resulted in an increase in the storage modulus and complex viscosity because of the ionic association. Despite its unfavorable viscoelastic properties, PEO-co-GTP·3FSI exhibited higher ionic conductivity than PEO-co-GTP·3TFSI (3.9 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 25 °C under anhydrous conditions).
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14
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Yokokoji A, Kitayama W, Wichai K, Urakawa O, Matsumoto A, Vao-Soongnern V, Inoue T. Viscoelastic Relaxation of Polymerized Ionic Liquid and Lithium Salt Mixtures: Effect of Salt Concentration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111772. [PMID: 34071398 PMCID: PMC8199314 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) doped with lithium salts have recently attracted research interests as the polymer component in lithium-ion batteries because of their high ionic mobilities and lithium-ion transference numbers. To date, although the ion transport mechanism in lithium-doped PILs has been considerably studied, the role of lithium salts on the dynamics of PIL chains remains poorly understood. Herein, we examine the thermal and rheological behaviors of the mixture of poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PC4-TFSI)/lithium TFSI (LiTFSI) in order to clarify the effect of the addition of LiTFSI. We show that the glass transition temperature Tg and the entanglement density decrease with the increase in LiTFSI concentration wLiTFSI. These results indicate that LiTFSI acts as a plasticizer for PC4-TFSI. Comparison of the frequency dependence of the complex modulus under the iso-frictional condition reveals that the addition of LiTFSI does not modify the stress relaxation mechanism of PC4-TFSI, including its characteristic time scale. This suggests that the doped LiTFSI, component that can be carrier ions, is not so firmly bound to the polymer chain as it modifies the chain dynamics. In addition, a broadening of the loss modulus spectrum in the glass region occurs at high wLiTFSI. This change in the spectrum can be caused by the responses of free TFSI and/or coordination complexes of Li and TFSI. Our detailed rheological analysis can extract the information of the dynamical features for PIL/salt mixtures and may provide helpful knowledge for the control of mechanical properties and ion mobilities in PILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Yokokoji
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Wakana Kitayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Kamonthira Wichai
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (O.U.); (T.I.)
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui-shi, Fukui 910-8507, Japan;
| | - Visit Vao-Soongnern
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (A.Y.); (W.K.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (O.U.); (T.I.)
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15
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Banerjee P, Pal P, Ghosh A, Mandal TK. Ion transport and relaxation in phosphonium poly(ionic liquid) homo‐ and
co‐polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palash Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India
| | - Pulak Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India
| | - Aswini Ghosh
- School of Physical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India
| | - Tarun K. Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata India
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16
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Zhao Q, Evans CM. Effect of Molecular Weight on Viscosity Scaling and Ion Transport in Linear Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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17
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Influence of geometry of mobile countercations on conductivity, polarization and electrorheological effect of polymeric anionic liquids at ice point temperature. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Influence of Tethered Ions on Electric Polarization and Electrorheological Property of Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122896. [PMID: 32586055 PMCID: PMC7356505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) show potential to be used as new water-free polyelectrolyte-based electrorheological (ER) material. To direct ER material design at the molecular level, unveiling structure-property relationships is essential. While a few studies compare the mobile ions in PILs there is still a limited understanding of how the structure of tethered counterions on backbone influences ER property. In this study, three PILs with same mobile anions but different tethered countercations (e.g., poly(dimethyldiallylammonium) P[DADMA]+, poly(benzylethyl) trimethylammonium P[VBTMA]+, and poly(1-ethyl-4-vinylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) P[C2VIm]+) are prepared and the influence of tethered countercations on the ER property of PILs is investigated. It shows that among these PILs, P[DADMA]+ PILs have the strongest ER property and P[C2VIm]+ PILs have the weakest one. By combining dielectric spectra analysis with DFT calculation and activation energy measurement, it can clarify that the influence of tethered counterions on ER property is mainly associated with ion-pair interaction energy that is affecting ionic conductivity and interfacial polarization induced by ion motion. P[DADMA]+ has the smallest ion-pair interaction energy with mobile ions, which can result in the highest ionic conductivity and the fastest interfacial polarization rate for its strongest ER property.
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19
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Zhao J, Lei Q, He F, Zheng C, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Nonmonotonic Influence of Size of Quaternary Ammonium Countercations on Micromorphology, Polarization, and Electroresponse of Anionic Poly(ionic liquid)s. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2920-2929. [PMID: 32182069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The size influence of quaternary ammonium countercations in poly[4-styrenesulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide][tetraalkylammonium] (P[STFSI][Nnnnn], n = 1, 2, and 3) poly(ionic liquid)s on dielectric polarization and the stimuli-responsive electrorheological effect is investigated by dielectric spectroscopy and rheology, and the microstructure-level understanding behind the influence is analyzed by Raman and X-ray scattering spectra. The size influence of quaternary ammonium cations is found to be nonmonotonic. The largest electrorheological effect accompanied by best polarization properties is demonstrated in P[STFSI][N2222]. Raman spectra and activation energy measurements demonstrate that the nonmonotonic influence originates from the fact that, compared to small N1111+ and large N3333+, intermediate N2222+ as countercations can contribute a higher mobile ion number and lower activation energy barrier of ion dissociation and motion. But the experimental values of activation energy are not consistent with theoretically calculated values by considering the ion pair electrostatic potential and elastic force contribution of the matrix. By X-ray scattering and diffraction characterizations, it is clarified that the nonmonotonic influence and the inconsistency of activation energy originate from the size influence of Nnnnn+ on the micromorphology of P[STFSI][Nnnnn]. Compared to the semicrystalline structure of P[STFSI][N1111] and the ionic aggregation structure of P[STFSI][N3333], the relatively uniform amorphous structure of P[STFSI][N2222] may be responsible for its lower activation energy barrier of ion motion. This study further provides insights into the design and preparation of future poly(ionic liquid)-based electrorheological materials by considering not only molecular structure but also micromorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Qi Lei
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Fang He
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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Zheng C, Lei Q, Zhao J, Zhao X, Yin J. The Effect of Dielectric Polarization Rate Difference of Filler and Matrix on the Electrorheological Responses of Poly(ionic liquid)/Polyaniline Composite Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030703. [PMID: 32235757 PMCID: PMC7183282 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
By using different conductivity of polyaniline as filler, a kind of poly(ionic liquid)/polyaniline composite particles was synthesized to investigate the influence of dielectric polarization rate difference between filler and matrix on the electrorheological response and flow stability of composite-based electrorheological fluids under simultaneous effect of shear and electric fields. The composite particles were prepared by a post ion-exchange procedure and then treated by ammonia or hydrazine to obtain different conductivity of polyaniline. Their electrorheological response was measured by dispersing these composite particles in insulating carrier liquid under electric fields. It showed that the composite particles treated by ammonia had the strongest electrorheological response and most stable flow behavior in a broad shear rate region from 0.5 s−1 to 1000 s−1. By using dielectric spectroscopy, it found that the enhanced electrorheological response with stable flow depended on the matching degree of the dielectric polarization rates between poly(ionic liquid) matrix and polyaniline filler. The closer their polarization rates are, the more stable the flow curves are. These results are helpful to design optimal composite-based electrorheological materials with enhanced and stable ER performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianbo Yin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-88431662
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21
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Karjalainen E, Suvarli N, Tenhu H. Thermoresponsive behavior of poly[trialkyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium] based polyelectrolytes in aqueous salt solutions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00917b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic method to induce thermoresponsive behavior for polycations with salts from the reversed Hofmeister series is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erno Karjalainen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
| | - Narmin Suvarli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
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22
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Jing BB, Evans CM. Catalyst-Free Dynamic Networks for Recyclable, Self-Healing Solid Polymer Electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18932-18937. [PMID: 31743006 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks with dynamic covalent cross-links act as solids but can flow at high temperatures. They have been widely explored as reprocessable and self-healing materials, but their use as solid electrolytes is limited. Here we report poly(ethylene oxide)-based networks with varying amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to understand the impact of a salt on the ion transport and network dynamics. We observed that the conductivity of our dynamic networks reached a maximum of 3.5 × 10-4 S/cm at an optimal LiTFSI concentration. Rheological measurements showed that the amount of LiTFSI significantly affects the mechanical properties, as the shear modulus varies between 1 and 10 MPa and the stress relaxation by 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, we found that these networks can efficiently dissolve back to pure monomers and heal to recover their conductivity after damage, showing the potential of dynamic networks as sustainable solid electrolytes.
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23
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Wang Z, Zhao J, Zheng C, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Enhanced interfacial polarization and electro-responsive characteristic of di-ionic poly(ionic liquid)s. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Kuray P, Noda T, Matsumoto A, Iacob C, Inoue T, Hickner MA, Runt J. Ion Transport in Pendant and Backbone Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeru Noda
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ciprian Iacob
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI, Rm. Valcea 240050, Romania
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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25
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Wieland F, Bocharova V, Münzner P, Hiller W, Sakrowski R, Sternemann C, Böhmer R, Sokolov AP, Gainaru C. Structure and dynamics of short-chain polymerized ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034903. [PMID: 31325936 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining experimental results obtained with X-ray scattering and field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and an assessment of new and previous dielectric and rheology data, our study focuses on the molecular weight (Mw) evolution of local structure and dynamics in a homologous series of covalently bonded ionic liquids. Performed on a family of electrolytes with a tailored degree of ionic decoupling, this study reveals the differences between monomeric and oligomeric melts with respect to their structural organization, mass and charge transport, and molecular diffusion. Our study demonstrates that for the monomeric compound, the broadband conductivity and mechanical spectra reflect the same underlying distribution of activation barriers and that the Random Barrier Model describes fairly well both the ionic and structural relaxation processes in these materials. Moreover, the oligomers with chains comprising ten segments only exhibit both structural and dynamical fingerprints of a genuine polymer. A comparison of conductivity levels estimated using the self-diffusion coefficients probed via NMR and those probed directly with dielectric spectroscopy reveals the emerging of ion correlations which are affecting the macroscopic charge transport in these materials in a chain-length dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wieland
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - W Hiller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Sakrowski
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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26
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Nie FM, Cui J, Zhou YF, Pan L, Ma Z, Li YS. Molecular-Level Tuning toward Aggregation Dynamics of Self-Healing Materials. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Min Nie
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab Composite & Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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27
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Liu Y, Zhao J, He F, Zheng C, Zhao X, Yin J. Influence of alkyl spacer length on ion transport, polarization and electro-responsive electrorheological effect of self-crosslinked poly(ionic liquid)s. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Lei Q, Zheng C, He F, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Enhancing Electroresponsive Electrorheological Effect and Temperature Dependence of Poly(ionic liquid) Particles by Hard Core Confinement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15827-15838. [PMID: 30500198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse core-shell-structured SiO2@poly(ionic liquid) (SiO2@PIL) particles are prepared by the polymerization of ionic liquid monomer on the surface of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-modified SiO2 particles. The electroresponsive electrorheological (ER) effect of SiO2@PIL particles when dispersed in insulating carrier liquid is investigated and compared with that of pure poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) particles based on temperature-modulated rheology under electric fields. It is demonstrated that hard SiO2 core not only enhances the ER effect of PIL particles but also improves the temperature dependence of ER effect. By dielectric spectroscopy analysis, the mechanism behind the property enhancement was discussed. It indicates that the hard SiO2 core can not only increase the interfacial polarization strength of SiO2@PIL particles by core-shell architecture but also restrain the segment relaxation or softening of the PIL shell and influence the ion dynamics above the calorimetric glass transition of PILs by the so called "substrate confinement effect", and this should be responsible for the enhanced electroresponsive ER effect and temperature stability of the SiO2@PIL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lei
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , P. R. China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , P. R. China
| | - Fang He
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , P. R. China
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29
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Heres M, Cosby T, Mapesa EU, Liu H, Berdzinski S, Strehmel V, Dadmun M, Paddison SJ, Sangoro J. Ion Transport in Glassy Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Unraveling the Impact of the Molecular Structure. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Berdzinski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
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30
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Nakamura I, Shock CJ, Eggart L, Gao T. Theoretical Aspects of Ionic Liquids for Soft‐Matter Sciences. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Issei Nakamura
- Department of PhysicsMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Cameron J. Shock
- Department of PhysicsMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Lisa Eggart
- Department of PhysicsMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of PhysicsMichigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA
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31
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Erwin AJ, Lee H, Ge S, Zhao S, Korolovych VF, He H, Matyjaszewski K, Sokolov AP, Tsukruk VV. Viscoelastic properties and ion dynamics in star-shaped polymerized ionic liquids. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Liu Y, Wang B, Dong Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Distinctly Different Electroresponsive Electrorheological Effect in Low-Molecular-Weight and Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Rheological and Dielectric Relaxation Studies. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:12184-12193. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b08699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Yuezhen Dong
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
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33
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Bratton AF, Kim SS, Ellison CJ, Miller KM. Thermomechanical and Conductive Properties of Thiol–Ene Poly(ionic liquid) Networks Containing Backbone and Pendant Imidazolium Groups. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail F. Bratton
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall, Murray, Kentucky 42071, United States
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kevin M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall, Murray, Kentucky 42071, United States
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34
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Stacy EW, Gainaru CP, Gobet M, Wojnarowska Z, Bocharova V, Greenbaum SG, Sokolov AP. Fundamental Limitations of Ionic Conductivity in Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catalin P. Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mallory Gobet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Zaneta Wojnarowska
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, SMCEBI, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steven G. Greenbaum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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35
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Zheng C, Liu Y, Dong Y, He F, Zhao X, Yin J. Low-Temperature Interfacial Polymerization and Enhanced Electro-Responsive Characteristic of Poly(ionic liquid)s@polyaniline Core-shell Microspheres. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800351. [PMID: 30085361 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of monodisperse poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) microspheres coated with semiconducting polyaniline (PANI) shell is reported, which shows enhanced electro-responsive electrorheological (ER) effect but decreased power consumption compared to neat PIL microspheres. The monodisperse PIL microspheres are first prepared via dispersion polymerization and then PANI is coated via low-temperature interfacial polymerization of aniline on the surface of hydrophobic PIL microspheres without additional modification. The stimulus-responsive ER effect of the core-shell microspheres when dispersing in insulating oil are investigated under electric fields. The power-law of yield stress versus electric field strength and the dielectric relaxation spectroscopy are analyzed to understand the ER effect and the origin of property enhancement. It demonstrates that the semiconducting PANI shell can well limit the irreversible ion leakage of PIL microspheres and improve the particle polarizability, resulting in decreased power consumption but enhanced electro-responsive ER effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zheng
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Yuezhen Dong
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
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36
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Zhao J, Liu Y, Zheng C, Lei Q, Dong Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Pickering emulsion polymerization of poly(ionic liquid)s encapsulated nano-SiO2 composite particles with enhanced electro-responsive characteristic. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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37
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Matsumoto A, Iacob C, Noda T, Urakawa O, Runt J, Inoue T. Introducing Large Counteranions Enhances the Elastic Modulus of Imidazolium-Based Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ciprian Iacob
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Takeru Noda
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - James Runt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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38
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Wang SW, Colby RH. Linear Viscoelasticity and Cation Conduction in Polyurethane Sulfonate Ionomers with Ions in the Soft Segment–Single Phase Systems. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Keith JR, Mogurampelly S, Aldukhi F, Wheatle BK, Ganesan V. Influence of molecular weight on ion-transport properties of polymeric ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:29134-29145. [PMID: 29085931 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05489k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on polymerized 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium-hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids, studying the influence of the polymer molecular weight on the ion mobilities and the mechanisms underlying ion transport, including ion-association dynamics, ion hopping, and ion-polymer coordinations. With an increase in polymer molecular weight, the diffusivity of the hexafluorophosphate (PF6-) counterion decreases and plateaus above seven repeat units. The diffusivity is seen to correlate well with the ion-association structural relaxation time for pure ionic liquids, but becomes more correlated with ion-association lifetimes for larger molecular weight polymers. By analyzing the diffusivity of ions based on coordination structure, we unearth a transport mechanism in which the PF6- moves by "climbing the ladder" while associated with four polymeric cations from two different polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Keith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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40
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Xue C, Zou Y, Liu SX, Ren XM, Tian ZF. Two different types of channels exhibiting distinct proton transport behavior in an open-framework aluminophosphate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Dong Y, Liu Y, Wang B, Xiang L, Zhao X, Yin J. Influence of counterion type on dielectric and electrorheological responses of poly(ionic liquid)s. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Yin J, Lei Q, Dong Y, Zhao X. Stimuli Responsive Smart Fluids Based on Ionic Liquids and Poly(ionic liquid)s. POLYMERIZED IONIC LIQUIDS 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788010535-00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their robust and tunable properties compared to molecular compounds, ionic liquids and their high molecular weight counterparts, polymeric ionic liquids, have provided suitable compounds for the development of smart materials with high physical and chemical stability and strongly stimulus-responsive characteristics. By functionalizing ionic liquids themselves or incorporating ionic liquids into traditional materials, many new kinds of stimuli-responsive materials have been developed. In this chapter, we specifically focus on the recent advances in electro-responsive electrorheological smart fluids with ionic liquids and polymeric ionic liquids as either active components or additives. The goal is to highlight the potential of incorporating ionic liquids into traditional electrorheological materials and using polymeric ionic liquids as new electrorheological active materials to overcome the problems of present electrorheological fluids for real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710129 P. R. China
| | - Qi Lei
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710129 P. R. China
| | - Yuezhen Dong
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710129 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an 710129 P. R. China
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43
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Iacob C, Matsumoto A, Brennan M, Liu H, Paddison SJ, Urakawa O, Inoue T, Sangoro J, Runt J. Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Correlation of Ionic Conductivity with Nanoscale Morphology and Counterion Volume. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:941-946. [PMID: 35650895 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the chemical structure on ion transport, nanoscale morphology, and dynamics in polymerized imidazolium-based ionic liquids is investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and X-ray scattering, complemented with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Anion volume is found to correlate strongly with Tg-independent ionic conductivities spanning more than 3 orders of magnitude. In addition, a systematic increase in alkyl side chain length results in about one decade decrease in Tg-independent ionic conductivity correlating with an increase in the characteristic backbone-to-backbone distances found from scattering and simulations. The quantitative comparison between ion sizes, morphology, and ionic conductivity underscores the need for polymerized ionic liquids with small counterions and short alkyl side chain length in order to obtain polymer electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Iacob
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Marissa Brennan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Stephen J. Paddison
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Osamu Urakawa
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tadashi Inoue
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - James Runt
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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44
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Mogurampelly S, Keith JR, Ganesan V. Mechanisms Underlying Ion Transport in Polymerized Ionic Liquids. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9511-9514. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jordan R. Keith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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45
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Dong Y, Wang B, Xiang L, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Influence of Side Chain Sizes on Dielectric and Electrorheological Responses of Poly(ionic liquid)s. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:6226-6237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen Dong
- Smart Materials Laboratory,
Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Smart Materials Laboratory,
Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
| | - Liqin Xiang
- Smart Materials Laboratory,
Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Smart Materials Laboratory,
Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory,
Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory,
Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
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46
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Mogurampelly S, Ganesan V. Structure and mechanisms underlying ion transport in ternary polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:074902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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47
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Liu Y, Yuan J, Dong Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Enhanced temperature effect of electrorheological fluid based on cross-linked poly(ionic liquid) particles: rheological and dielectric relaxation studies. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1027-1039. [PMID: 28091670 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent research of using poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) particles as the dispersal phase has provided a new strategy to develop a high-performance anhydrous polyelectrolyte-based electrorheological (ER) fluid. However, the working temperature range of the ER fluid of PIL particles is still narrow due to an inherently low glass transfer temperature caused by the plasticization of polyatomic organic counter ions in PILs. In this paper, we develop a new ER system based on cross-linked PIL (C-PIL) particles and demonstrate that crosslinking with a suitable degree only slightly degrades the ER properties but significantly improves the working temperature range of the ER fluid of PIL particles. By using differential scanning calorimetry, rheology, and dielectric spectroscopy, we systematically study the ER properties of C-PILs and their temperature dependence at different crosslinking levels and understand the mechanism behind the improved temperature effect. The results indicate that crosslinking can effectively increase the glass transition temperature of PIL particles and enhance local ion-motion induced interfacial polarization by suppressing the thermally promoted long-range drift of mobile counter ions in the PIL matrix, and this results in the improved temperature effect of the ER fluid of C-PIL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
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48
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Heres M, Cosby T, Mapesa EU, Sangoro J. Probing Nanoscale Ion Dynamics in Ultrathin Films of Polymerized Ionic Liquids by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1065-1069. [PMID: 35614646 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Continuous progress in energy storage and conversion technologies necessitates novel experimental approaches that can provide fundamental insights regarding the impact of reduced dimensions on the functional properties of materials. Here, we demonstrate a nondestructive experimental approach to probe nanoscale ion dynamics in ultrathin films of polymerized 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide over a broad frequency range spanning over 6 orders of magnitude by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The approach involves using an electrode configuration with lithographically patterned silica nanostructures, which allow for an air gap between the confined ion conductor and one of the electrodes. We observe that the characteristic rate of ion dynamics significantly slows down with decreasing film thicknesses above the calorimetric glass transition of the bulk polymer. However, the mean rates remain bulk-like at lower temperatures. These results highlight the increasing influence of the polymer/substrate interactions with decreasing film thickness on ion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Heres
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tyler Cosby
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Emmanuel Urandu Mapesa
- Institute
of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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49
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Evans CM, Bridges CR, Sanoja GE, Bartels J, Segalman RA. Role of Tethered Ion Placement on Polymerized Ionic Liquid Structure and Conductivity: Pendant versus Backbone Charge Placement. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:925-930. [PMID: 35607206 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of ion placement was systematically investigated in imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (ImTFSI) polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) containing pendant charges and charges in the backbone (sometimes called ionenes). The backbone PILs were synthesized via a facile step growth route, and pendant PILs were synthesized via RAFT. Both PILs were designed to have nearly identical charge density, and the conductivity was found to be substantially enhanced in the backbone PIL systems even after accounting for differences in the glass transition temperature (Tg). Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) revealed an invariance in the location of the amorphous halo between the two systems, while the anion-anion correlation peak was shifted to lower scattering wavevector (q) in the backbone PILs. This indicates an increase in the correlation length of ions and is consistent with charge transport along a more correlated pathway following the polymer backbone. Due to the linear nature of the backbone PILs, crystallization was observed and correlated with changes in conductivity. Upon crystallization, the conductivity dropped, and eventually, two populations of mobile ions were observed and attributed to ions in the amorphous and near-crystallite regions. The present work demonstrates the important role of ion placement on local structure and conductivity as well as the ability of backbone PILs to be used as controllable optical or dielectric materials based on crystallization or processing history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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50
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Dong Y, Yin J, Yuan J, Zhao X. Microwave-assisted synthesis and high-performance anhydrous electrorheological characteristic of monodisperse poly(ionic liquid) particles with different size of cation/anion parts. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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