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Tang Y, Xu W, Yao H, Qin H, Jiang Z, Zhang Y. Constructing Novel High Dielectric Constant Polyimides Containing Dipolar Pendant Groups with Enhanced Orientational Polarization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300699. [PMID: 38224144 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Polymer dielectrics with high dielectric constant are urgently demanded for potential electrical and pulsed power applications. The design of polymers with side chains containing dipolar groups is considered an effective method for preparing materials with a high dielectric constant and low loss. This study synthesizes and comprehensively compare the dielectric properties of novel polyimides with side chains containing urea (BU-PI), carbamate (BC-PI), and sulfonyl (BS-PI) functional groups. The novel polyimides exhibit relatively high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss values due to the enhanced orientational polarization and suppressed dipole-dipole interactions of dipolar groups. In particular, BU-PI containing urea pendant groups presents the highest dielectric constant of 6.14 and reasonably low dielectric loss value of 0.0097. The strong γ transitions with low activation energies derived from dielectric spectroscopy measurements have been further evaluated to demonstrate the enhanced free rotational motion of urea pendant dipoles. In energy storage applications, BU-PI achieves a discharged energy density of 6.92 J cm-3 and a charge-discharge efficiency above 83% at 500 MV m-1. This study demonstrates that urea group, as dipolar pendant group, can provide polymers with better dielectric properties than the most commonly used sulfonyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Tang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Wenhan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Hongyan Yao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Hao Qin
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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2
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Luo J, Tong H, Mo S, Zhou F, Zuo S, Yin C, Xu J, Li X. Integrated exploration of experimentation and molecular simulation in ester-containing polyimide dielectrics. RSC Adv 2023; 13:963-972. [PMID: 36686917 PMCID: PMC9811354 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing development of film capacitors in various applications, the requirements for polymer dielectrics have increased accordingly. In this work, a series of ester-cotaining polyimide (EPI) dielectrics were designed and fabricated. Futhermore, integrated exploration of experimentation and molecular simulation is proposed to achieve polymer dielectrics with advanced comprehensive performance, as well as to analyze the dielectric mechanism in-depth. The EPIs show superior thermal resistance and dielectric properties. A Weibull breakdown strength of 440-540 MV m-1, permittivity of 3.52-3.85, dissipation factor of 0.627-0.880% and theoretical energy density of 3.13-4.90 J cm-3 were obtained for the EPIs. The relationship between microscopic parameters and dielectric behavior was investigated in detail. According to the experimental and calculated results, there is close correlation between dipolar moment density (μ/V vdw) and dielectric permittivity (ε r). It is deduced that the integrated research of experiments and molecular simulation would be an effective strategy to reveal the dielectric mechanism as well as assist in the molecular design of polymer dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Luo
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China,Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Hui Tong
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Song Mo
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China
| | - Song Zuo
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China
| | - Chuanqiang Yin
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China
| | - Ju Xu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China
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3
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Pei JY, Yin LJ, Zhong SL, Dang ZM. Suppressing the Loss of Polymer-Based Dielectrics for High Power Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203623. [PMID: 35924412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based dielectrics have received intensive interest from academic community in the field of high-power energy storage owing to their superior flexibility and fast charge-discharge ability. Recently, how to suppress the loss of polymer-based dielectrics has been increasingly recognized as a critical point to attain a high charge-discharge efficiency in the film capacitors. Some achievements are made in analyzing the source of loss and suppressing loss via Edison's trial and error method. In this review, the significance of suppressing loss in polymer-based dielectrics is firstly emphasized. Then, different sources of loss are discussed carefully and an in-depth analysis of the related measurements is presented. Next, recent research results in suppressing loss are summarized and discussed in detail according to different strategies. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the loss suppression research for the rational design of high-efficiency polymer-based dielectrics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Long Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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4
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Tang Y, Yao H, Xu W, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Jiang Z. Side-Chain-Type High Dielectric-Constant Dipolar Polyimides with Temperature Resistance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200639. [PMID: 36125201 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Innovative dielectric materials with high-temperature resistance and outstanding dielectric properties have attracted tremendous attention in advanced electronical fields. Polyimide(PI) is considered a promising candidate for the modern electronic industry due to its excellent dielectric properties and comprehensive properties. However, the limited-adjustable range of dielectric constant and the difficulty to obtain a high dielectric constant restrict the application of PI as high dielectric materials. Herein, a novel diamine monomer (2,2'-bis((methylsulfonyl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (BSBPA)) containing a rigid biphenyl structure and high dipolar sulfonyl pendant groups is designed for high dielectric polyimides. The rigid biphenyl and polar sulfonyl pendant groups can reasonably optimize the molecular structure and orientational polarization of polyimides to improve their dielectric properties and thermal properties. Moreover, the effect of different bridge linkages on the dielectric properties is studied by using the different dianhydrides. Thus, the PI-BSBPA films especially the DSDA-BSBPA film (DSDA: 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride) achieve great thermal properties (T5%d of 377 °C and Tg of 358 °C) and excellent dielectric properties (6.95 at 1 kHz) along with high discharged energy density of 5.25 J cm-3 and charge-discharge efficiency of 90%. The collaborative control of main-chain and side-chain engineering is effective to endow the polyimides with high-temperature tolerance and high dielectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Super Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Super Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Super Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lixue Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Super Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Super Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Super Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Luo H, Wang F, Guo R, Zhang D, He G, Chen S, Wang Q. Progress on Polymer Dielectrics for Electrostatic Capacitors Application. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202438. [PMID: 35981884 PMCID: PMC9561874 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymer dielectrics are attracting increasing attention for electrical energy storage owing to their advantages of mechanical flexibility, corrosion resistance, facile processability, light weight, great reliability, and high operating voltages. However, the dielectric constants of most dielectric polymers are less than 10, which results in low energy densities and limits their applications in electrostatic capacitors for advanced electronics and electrical power systems. Therefore, intensive efforts have been placed on the development of high-energy-density polymer dielectrics. In this perspective, the most recent results on the all-organic polymer dielectrics are summarized, including molecular structure design, polymer blends, and layered structured polymers. The challenges in the field and suggestions for future research on high-energy-density polymer dielectrics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder MetallurgyCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan Province410083China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder MetallurgyCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan Province410083China
| | - Ru Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder MetallurgyCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan Province410083China
| | - Dou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder MetallurgyCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan Province410083China
| | - Guanghu He
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan ProvinceCollege of ChemistryXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan Province411105China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan ProvinceCollege of ChemistryXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan Province411105China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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Temperature-Resistant Intrinsic High Dielectric Constant Polyimides: More Flexibility of the Dipoles, Larger Permittivity of the Materials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196337. [PMID: 36234874 PMCID: PMC9571362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High dielectric constant polymers have been widely studied and concerned in modern industry, and the induction of polar groups has been confirmed to be effective for high permittivity. However, the way of connection of polar groups with the polymer backbone and the mechanism of their effect on the dielectric properties are unclear and rarely reported. In this study, three polyimides (C0-SPI, C1-SPI, and C2-SPI) with the same rigid backbone and different linking groups to the dipoles were designed and synthesized. With their rigid structure, all of the polyimides show excellent thermal stability. With the increase in the flexibility of linking groups, the dielectric constant of C0-SPI, C1-SPI, and C2-SPI enhanced in turn, showing values of 5.6, 6.0, and 6.5 at 100 Hz, respectively. Further studies have shown that the flexibility of polar groups affected the dipole polarization, which was positively related to the dielectric constant. Based on their high permittivity and high temperature resistance, the polyimides exhibited outstanding energy storage capacity even at 200 °C. This discovery reveals the behavior of the dipoles in polymers, providing an effective strategy for the design of high dielectric constant materials.
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7
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Balzade Z, Sharif F, Ghaffarian Anbaran SR. Tailor-Made Functional Polyolefins of Complex Architectures: Recent Advances, Applications, and Prospects. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Balzade
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
| | - Farhad Sharif
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
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8
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Cheng R, Wang Y, Men R, Lei Z, Song J, Li Y, Guo M. High-energy-density polymer dielectrics via compositional and structural tailoring for electrical energy storage. iScience 2022; 25:104837. [PMID: 35996580 PMCID: PMC9391588 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectric capacitors with higher working voltage and power density are favorable candidates for renewable energy systems and pulsed power applications. A polymer with high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, great scalability, and reliability is a preferred dielectric material for dielectric capacitors. However, their low dielectric constant limits the polymer to achieve satisfying energy density. Therefore, great efforts have been made to get high-energy-density polymer dielectrics. By compositional and structural tailoring, the synergic integrations of the multiple components and optimized structural design effectively improved the energy storage properties. This review presents an overview of recent advancements in the field of high-energy-density polymer dielectrics via compositional and structural tailoring. The surface/interfacial engineering conducted on both microscale and macroscale for polymer dielectrics is the focus of this review. Challenges and the promising opportunities for the development of polymer dielectrics for capacitive energy storage applications are presented at the end of this review. A detailed summary of the state-of-the-art polymer dielectrics The comparison of polymer nanocomposites with 0D, 1D, and 2D nanofillers Analyzing high Ue polymer dielectrics via compositional and structural tailoring Summary of micro- or macro-surface and interface engineering
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9
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Xu WH, Tang YD, Yao HY, Zhang YH. Dipolar Glass Polymers for Capacitive Energy Storage at Room Temperatures and Elevated Temperatures. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Feng QK, Zhong SL, Pei JY, Zhao Y, Zhang DL, Liu DF, Zhang YX, Dang ZM. Recent Progress and Future Prospects on All-Organic Polymer Dielectrics for Energy Storage Capacitors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3820-3878. [PMID: 34939420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the development of advanced electronic devices and electric power systems, polymer-based dielectric film capacitors with high energy storage capability have become particularly important. Compared with polymer nanocomposites with widespread attention, all-organic polymers are fundamental and have been proven to be more effective choices in the process of scalable, continuous, and large-scale industrial production, leading to many dielectric and energy storage applications. In the past decade, efforts have intensified in this field with great progress in newly discovered dielectric polymers, fundamental production technologies, and extension toward emerging computational strategies. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of energy storage based on conventional as well as heat-resistant all-organic polymer materials with the focus on strategies to enhance the dielectric properties and energy storage performances. The key parameters of all-organic polymers, such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown strength, energy density, and charge-discharge efficiency, have been thoroughly studied. In addition, the applications of computer-aided calculation including density functional theory, machine learning, and materials genome in rational design and performance prediction of polymer dielectrics are reviewed in detail. Based on a comprehensive understanding of recent developments, guidelines and prospects for the future development of all-organic polymer materials with dielectric and energy storage applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Kun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Long Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Di-Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Feng Y, Jiang L, Yang A, Liu X, Yang L, Lu G, Li S. Interfacial Effect on Dielectric Properties of Self-Assembled Polythiourea-Based Copolymers for Ultrahigh Energy Storage. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100700. [PMID: 34850981 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polymer dielectrics are highly desirable in capacitor applications due to their low cost, high stability, and reliability. However, there still remains a lack of feasible methods to prepare polymer dielectrics with high energy density and low dielectric loss, which severely hampers the development of compact and efficient power electronics. Here, an amphiphilic block copolymer, polythiourea-b-polydimethylsiloxane (PTU-b-PDMS), with an extraordinarily high energy density of 29.8 J cm-3 and a low loss is synthesized via polyaddition polymerization. This is highly relevant to the block molecule conformation in the interfacial region of the self-assembled PTU-b-PDMS. The block molecule in the interface adopts an extended conformation when the PTU forms nanodots, whereas the block molecule adopts a coiled conformation when the PTU forms nanostrands. The observation and characterization have proved that the coiled block molecule in the interfacial region can simultaneously induce extra strong charge trapping sites and dipolar polarization. It substantially improves the breakdown strength from 652 to 1166 MV m-1 , while maintaining a high dielectric constant of 5 and a low loss of <0.01. This work offers unprecedented structural insights into the conformation-induced interfacial effect and enables rational design of self-assembled copolymers to boost their dielectric properties and energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Liuhao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Anqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
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Li H, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Li L, Liu Y, Wang Q. Dielectric polymers for high-temperature capacitive energy storage. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6369-6400. [PMID: 34100032 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00765j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymers are the preferred materials for dielectrics in high-energy-density capacitors. The electrification of transport and growing demand for advanced electronics require polymer dielectrics capable of operating efficiently at high temperatures. In this review, we critically analyze the most recent development in the dielectric polymers for high-temperature capacitive energy storage applications. While general design considerations are discussed, emphasis is placed on the elucidation of the structural dependence of the high-field dielectric and electrical properties and the capacitive performance, including discharged energy density, charge-discharge efficiency and cyclability, of dielectric polymers at high temperatures. Advantages and limitations of current approaches to high-temperature dielectric polymers are summarized. Challenges along with future research opportunities are highlighted at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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13
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Singh M, Apata IE, Samant S, Wu W, Tawade BV, Pradhan N, Raghavan D, Karim A. Nanoscale Strategies to Enhance the Energy Storage Capacity of Polymeric Dielectric Capacitors: Review of Recent Advances. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1917609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maninderjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Saumil Samant
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Nihar Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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14
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Luo J, Mao J, Sun W, Wang S, Zhang L, Tian L, Chen Y, Cheng Y. Research Progress of All Organic Polymer Dielectrics for Energy Storage from the Classification of Organic Structures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jiale Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Liliang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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15
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Molecular Weight Enables Fine-Tuning the Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Polymethacrylates Bearing Sulfonyl and Nitrile Groups as Dipolar Entities. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030317. [PMID: 33498200 PMCID: PMC7863962 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, polymethacrylates containing sulfonyl and nitrile functional groups were successfully prepared by conventional radical polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT). The thermal and dielectric properties were evaluated, for the first time, considering differences in their molecular weights and dispersity values. Variations of the aforementioned properties do not seem to substantially affect the polarized state of these materials, defined in terms of the parameters ε'r, ε"r and tan (δ). However, the earlier appearance of dissipative phenomena on the temperature scale for materials with lower molecular weights or broader molecular weight distributions, narrows the range of working temperatures in which they exhibit high dielectric constants along with low loss factors. Notwithstanding the above, as all polymers showed, at room temperature, ε'r values above 9 and loss factors below 0.02, presenting higher dielectric performance when compared to conventional polymer materials, they could be considered as good candidates for energy storage applications.
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16
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Increasing the temperature range of dipolar glass polymers through copolymerization: A first approach to dipolar glass copolymers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Wei J, Zhu L. Intrinsic polymer dielectrics for high energy density and low loss electric energy storage. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Review of recent advances of polymer based dielectrics for high-energy storage in electronic power devices from the perspective of target applications. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-1939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Feng Y, Yang L, Qu G, Suga T, Nishide H, Chen G, Li S. Optimizing the Interdomain Spacing in Alicyclic Polythiourea toward High-Energy-Storable Dielectric Material. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000167. [PMID: 32459041 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organic dielectric materials have been widely developed and investigated for energy storage capacitors. However, challenges remain in terms of the relatively low dielectric constant and energy density. Enhancing the dipolar polarization to increase the dielectric constant is considered to be an effective way to improve the energy density of polymer dielectrics. Herein, enlightened by the chain-packing structure that affects the dipolar relaxation behavior, a simple and low-cost approach is proposed to tailor the interdomain spacing in an alicyclic polythiourea (PTU) by changing quenching temperatures and further facilitate the dipolar polarization. It is found that the large interdomain spacing is beneficial to promote the localized motion of segmental chains in amorphous regions, but at the same time inevitably reduces the dipole density. Therefore, in order to achieve the highest dielectric constant in the PTU, there is an optimal value for the interdomain spacing. It is worth noting that the dielectric constant of PTU increases from 5.7 to 10, and thus the energy density increases by 53% to 16.3 J cm-3 . It proposes a simple and feasible strategy to further improve the energy density through optimizing the interdomain spacing toward high-energy-storable dielectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Guanghao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Takeo Suga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Research Institute of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Research Institute of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - George Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Shengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
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Alomar MS, Boyles DA. Synthesis of a Regioregular Series of Poly(aryl ether carbonates) and Their Glass Transition Temperatures. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22363-22372. [PMID: 31909319 PMCID: PMC6941183 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A polycarbonate (BPA-PC) is a remarkable high-performance engineering polymer, although it is susceptible to photo-Fries and hydrolytic degradation. New poly(aryl ether carbonates) were synthesized to address these limitations by replacing the chain backbone carbonate ester functionality with aryl ether functionality. The monomers for these new polymers were synthesized by a variation of the Ullmann condensation accelerated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione and promoted by Cs2CO3 and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone under mild conditions. Four such bisphenol A-based diarylether monomers containing different mass ratios of carbonate ester groups were prepared and polymerized with phosgene gas to give novel poly(aryl ether carbonates). Polymers were named as di-o-BPA-PC 9', tri-o-BPA-PC 11', tetra-o-BPA-PC 13', and penta-o-BPA-PC 15' where di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta- reflect the number of diphenylisopropylidene units in each of the respective polymers. The molecular weights of the resulting four poly(aryl ether carbonates) were measured by gel permeation chromatography. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure glass transition temperature (T g). The polymers exhibited weight-average molecular weights up to 4.09 × 105 g/mol and T g in the range of 136 to 149 °C with no melting temperature peak, indicative of their amorphous character. The new polymers formed transparent and flexible films by solution casting from chloroform solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Alomar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering Technology, Jazan
University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - David A. Boyles
- Jack
R. Gaines Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota
School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
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21
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Feng Y, Hasegawa Y, Suga T, Nishide H, Yang L, Chen G, Li S. Tuning Conformational H-Bonding Arrays in Aromatic/Alicyclic Polythiourea toward High Energy-Storable Dielectric Material. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Suga
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishide
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Research Institute of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - George Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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23
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24
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Polycarbonate–hexagonal boron nitride composites with better dielectric properties for electronic applications. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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25
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26
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Kwok MH, Seymour BT, Li R, Litt MH, Zhao B, Zhu L. Tacticity Effect on Mesogen-Free Liquid Crystalline Self-assembly Induced by Strong Dipole–Dipole Interactions. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hin Kwok
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Bryan T. Seymour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Morton H. Litt
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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Bonardd S, Alegria Á, Saldías C, Leiva Á, Kortaberria G. Synthesis of new poly(itaconate)s containing nitrile groups as high dipolar moment entities for the development of dipolar glass polymers with increased dielectric constant. Thermal and dielectric characterization. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bonardd S, Alegria A, Saldias C, Leiva A, Kortaberria G. Polyitaconates: A New Family of "All-Polymer" Dielectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38476-38492. [PMID: 30346120 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis of new poly(itaconate)s containing sulfone or nitrile pendant groups through conventional radical polymerization together with their characterization and comparison with poly(methacrylate)s containing identical groups. Structural and thermal characterization has been carried out in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis. Characterized by broad band dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), all polymers showed dielectric constant values between 7 and 10 (at 25 °C and 1 kHz) and relative low dielectric loss values (≈0.02). BDS measurements showed, for all the polymers analyzed, notorious subglass transitions even at temperatures below -100 °C, resulting in a broad temperature interval in which these polymers exhibit high dielectric constant and could work without high losses. Therefore, these materials seem to be good candidates for dielectric applications such as energy storage, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bonardd
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Casilla 302, Correo 22 , Santiago 7820436 , Chile
- "Materials + Technologies" Group, Departamento Ingeniería Química y Medio Ambiente, Escuela Univ Politécnica , Universidad País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Pza Europa 1 , 20018 . Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Angel Alegria
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5 , San Sebastian 20018 , Spain
- Departamento Física de Materiales , Universidad del País Vasco , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3 , San Sebastian 20018 , Spain
| | - Cesar Saldias
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Casilla 302, Correo 22 , Santiago 7820436 , Chile
| | - Angel Leiva
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Casilla 302, Correo 22 , Santiago 7820436 , Chile
| | - Galder Kortaberria
- "Materials + Technologies" Group, Departamento Ingeniería Química y Medio Ambiente, Escuela Univ Politécnica , Universidad País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Pza Europa 1 , 20018 . Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
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Ho JS, Greenbaum SG. Polymer Capacitor Dielectrics for High Temperature Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29189-29218. [PMID: 30080383 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been invested for nearly five decades to identify and develop new polymer capacitor dielectrics for higher than ambient temperature applications. Simultaneous demands of processability, dielectric permittivity, thermal conductivity, and dielectric breakdown strength dictated by increasing high power performance criteria limit the number of available materials. The present review first explains the advantages of metallized polymer film capacitors over the film-foil, ceramic, and electrolytic counterparts and then presents a comprehensive review on both past developmental effort of commercial resins and recent research progress on new polymers targeted for operating temperature above 150 °C. Some historical background and discussion on the limitation of the commercially available polymer film dielectrics for high temperature applications are also given. In many cases, further development of promising polymers that appear to possess all or most of the important criteria is limited by lack of large scale market incentives but could be of great value to niche applications in the military or aerospace realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Ho
- RDRL-SED-C , Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - Steven G Greenbaum
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , Hunter College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10065 , United States
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Zhu YF, Zhang Z, Litt MH, Zhu L. High Dielectric Constant Sulfonyl-Containing Dipolar Glass Polymers with Enhanced Orientational Polarization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Zhongbo Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Morton H. Litt
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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Zhang Z, Litt MH, Zhu L. Nature of Ferroelectric Behavior in Main-Chain Dipolar Glass Nylons: Cooperative Segmental Motion Induced by High Poling Electric Field. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Morton H. Litt
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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32
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Zhang Z, Wang DH, Litt MH, Tan L, Zhu L. High‐Temperature and High‐Energy‐Density Dipolar Glass Polymers Based on Sulfonylated Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1528-1531. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106-7202 USA
| | - David H. Wang
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Soft Matter Materials Branch (AFRL/RXAS) Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433-7750 USA
- UES, Inc. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton OH 45432-1894 USA
| | - Morton H. Litt
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106-7202 USA
| | - Loon‐Seng Tan
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Soft Matter Materials Branch (AFRL/RXAS) Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433-7750 USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106-7202 USA
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Zhang Z, Wang DH, Litt MH, Tan L, Zhu L. High‐Temperature and High‐Energy‐Density Dipolar Glass Polymers Based on Sulfonylated Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106-7202 USA
| | - David H. Wang
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Soft Matter Materials Branch (AFRL/RXAS) Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433-7750 USA
- UES, Inc. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road Dayton OH 45432-1894 USA
| | - Morton H. Litt
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106-7202 USA
| | - Loon‐Seng Tan
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Soft Matter Materials Branch (AFRL/RXAS) Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base OH 45433-7750 USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106-7202 USA
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Baer E, Zhu L. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Dielectric Phenomena in Polymers and Multilayered Dielectric Films. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Baer
- Center for Layered Polymeric
Systems (CLiPS) and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Center for Layered Polymeric
Systems (CLiPS) and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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Zhang Z, Litt MH, Zhu L. Unified Understanding of Ferroelectricity in n-Nylons: Is the Polar Crystalline Structure a Prerequisite? Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Morton H. Litt
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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Zhang J, Zhou T, Wen L, Zhao J, Zhang A. A Simple Way to Achieve Legible and Local Controllable Patterning for Polymers Based on a Near-Infrared Pulsed Laser. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1977-83. [PMID: 26717082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a simple way to achieve legible and local controllable patterning for polymers based on a near-infrared (NIR) pulsed laser. The polycarbonate-coated nano antimony-doped tin oxide (nano ATO) was designed as a core-shell structure that was tailored to be responsive to a 1064 nm NIR laser. The globular morphology of polycarbonate-coated nano ATO with a diameter of around 2-3 μm was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This core-shell structure combined the excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of nano ATO and the high char (carbon) residue of polycarbonate. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of a polymer-patterning plate after laser irradiation demonstrated that, through local controlled photochromism, the well-defined legible patterns can be fabricated on the polymer surfaces contribute to the synergistic effect consisting of polycarbonate carbonization and nano ATO photothermal conversion. Furthermore, polymers doped with a minimal content of polycarbonate-coated nano ATO can achieve a remarkable patterning effect. This novel laser-patterning approach will have wide promising applications in the field of polymer NIR pulsed-laser patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Aiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
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Wei J, Zhang Z, Tseng JK, Treufeld I, Liu X, Litt MH, Zhu L. Achieving high dielectric constant and low loss property in a dipolar glass polymer containing strongly dipolar and small-sized sulfone groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5248-57. [PMID: 25693003 DOI: 10.1021/am508488w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this report, a dipolar glass polymer, poly(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl methacrylate) (PMSEMA), was synthesized by free radical polymerization of the corresponding methacrylate monomer. Due to the large dipole moment (4.25 D) and small size of the side-chain sulfone groups, PMSEMA exhibited a strong γ transition at a temperature as low as -110 °C at 1 Hz, about 220 °C below its glass transition temperature around 109 °C. Because of this strong γ dipole relaxation, the glassy PMSEMA sample exhibited a high dielectric constant of 11.4 and a low dissipation factor (tan δ) of 0.02 at 25 °C and 1 Hz. From an electric displacement-electric field (D-E) loop study, PMSEMA demonstrated a high discharge energy density of 4.54 J/cm(3) at 283 MV/m, nearly 3 times that of an analogue polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). However, the hysteresis loss was only 1/3-1/2 of that for PMMA. This study suggests that dipolar glass polymers with large dipole moments and small-sized dipolar side groups are promising candidates for high energy density and low loss dielectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Wei
- Institute of Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Cai Z, Yu H, Zhang Y, Li M, Niu X, Shi Z, Cui Z, Chen C, Zhang D. Synthesis and characterization of novel fluorinated polycarbonate negative-type photoresist for optical waveguide. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Mono- and bifunctional six-membered cyclic carbonates synthesized by diphenyl carbonate toward networked polycarbonate films. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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40
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Zhu L. Exploring Strategies for High Dielectric Constant and Low Loss Polymer Dielectrics. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3677-3687. [PMID: 26278736 DOI: 10.1021/jz501831q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer dielectrics having high dielectric constant, high temperature capability, and low loss are attractive for a broad range of applications such as film capacitors, gate dielectrics, artificial muscles, and electrocaloric cooling. Unfortunately, it is generally observed that higher polarization or dielectric constant tends to cause significantly enhanced dielectric loss. It is therefore highly desired that the fundamental physics of all types of polarization and loss mechanisms be thoroughly understood for dielectric polymers. In this Perspective, we intend to explore advantages and disadvantages for different types of polarization. Among a number of approaches, dipolar polarization is promising for high dielectric constant and low loss polymer dielectrics, if the dipolar relaxation peak can be pushed to above the gigahertz range. In particular, dipolar glass, paraelectric, and relaxor ferroelectric polymers are discussed for the dipolar polarization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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