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Sun Y, Zhang C, Zhang X. O/S Exchange Reaction in Synthesizing Sulfur-Containing Polymers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401684. [PMID: 38802324 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Using carbon disulfide (CS2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) as sulfur-containing and one-carbon feedstocks to make value-added products is paramount for both pure and applied chemistry and environmental science. One of the practical strategies is to copolymerize these bulk chemicals with epoxides to produce sulfur-containing polymers. This approach contributes to improving the sustainability of polymer manufacturing, provides highly desired functional polymer materials, and has attracted much attention. However, these copolymerizations invariably exhibit the intensely complicated chemistry of O/S exchange reaction, leading to sulfur-containing polymers with diverse architectures. As the understanding of O/S exchange continues to deepen, recent efforts have guided significant advances in the synthesis of CS2- and COS-based polymers. This review examines the O/S exchange chemistry and summarizes the recent progress in this field to promote the further advance of synthesizing sulfur-containing polymers from CS2 and COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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2
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Zhang J, Wang X, Huang Q, Ye J, Wang J. Genetically Encoded Epoxide Warhead for Precise and Versatile Covalent Targeting of Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16173-16183. [PMID: 38819260 PMCID: PMC11177858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Genetically encoding a proximal reactive warhead into the protein binder/drug has emerged as an efficient strategy for covalently binding to protein targets, enabling broad applications. To expand the reactivity scope for targeting the diverse natural residues under physiological conditions, the development of a genetically encoded reactive warhead with excellent stability and broad reactivity is highly desired. Herein, we reported the genetic encoding of epoxide-containing tyrosine (EPOY) for developing covalent protein drugs. Our study demonstrates that EPOY, when incorporated into a nanobody (KN035), can cross-link with different side chains (mutations) at the same position of PD-L1 protein. Significantly, a single genetically encoded reactive warhead that is capable of covalent and site-specific targeting to 10 different nucleophilic residues was achieved for the first time. This would largely expand the scope of covalent warhead and inspire the development of covalent warheads for both small-molecule drugs and protein drugs. Furthermore, we incorporate the EPOY into a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DarpinK13) to create the covalent binders of KRAS. This covalent KRAS binder holds the potential to achieve pan-covalent targeting of KRAS based on the structural similarity among all oncogenic KRAS mutants while avoiding off-target binding to NRAS/HRAS through a covalent interaction with KRAS-specific residues (H95 and E107). We envision that covalently targeting to H95 will be a promising strategy for the development of covalent pan-KRAS inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinsong Ye
- Department of Chemistry,
Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of
Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry,
Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of
Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Li Y, Liu J, Qu R, Suo H, Sun M, Qin Y. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials: Tailoring Carbon Dioxide-Based Polycarbonate with POSS-SH Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:983. [PMID: 38611241 PMCID: PMC11013663 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel functional polycarbonate (PAGC), characterized by the presence of double bonds within its side chain, was successfully synthesized through a ternary copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO), allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes octamercaptopropyl (POSS-SH) was employed as a crosslinking agent, contributing to the formation of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. This incorporation was facilitated through thiol-ene click reactions, enabling effective interactions between the POSS molecules and the double bonds in the side chains of the polycarbonate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed a homogeneous distribution of silicon (Si) and sulfur (S) in the polycarbonate matrix. The thiol-ene click reaction between POSS-SH and the polycarbonate led to a micro-crosslinked structure. This enhancement significantly increased the tensile strength of the polycarbonate to 42 MPa, a notable improvement over traditional poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC). Moreover, the cross-linked structure exhibited enhanced solvent resistance, expanding the potential applications of these polycarbonates in various plastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianyu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Rui Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongyi Suo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yusheng Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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4
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Del Angel-Gómez EJ, Reséndiz-Hernández O, Vega-Moreno J, Morelos-Santos O, Lemus-Santana A, Portales-Martínez B. Unraveling the role of internal-external metal substitution in Zn 3[Co(CN 6)] 2 for the styrene oxide-CO 2 cycloaddition reaction. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6087-6099. [PMID: 38481378 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the structural and textural properties along with the chemical environment of pure Zn3[Co(CN)6]2 in comparison with the modified phases on the catalytic performance in the cycloaddition reaction between styrene oxide and CO2. We relate these to the proposed reaction pathways and mechanisms. The natural cubic phase (ZnCoCn) was dehydrated to obtain the rhombohedral phase (ZnCoRn), while the stabilized cubic phase (ZnCoCs) was synthesized by substituting external zinc atoms with cadmium atoms. The rhombohedral stabilized phase (ZnCoRs) was achieved by the internal cobalt change with iron. All the materials were extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N2 adsorption. The catalytic behavior of the four phases was tested. The crystalline structure of each phase was obtained, and by XPS, it was demonstrated that the chemical environments of all elements conforming to the rhombohedral stabilized phase are different from those of all other materials owing to the exchange of internal metals. The bulk textural properties were similar; only the ZnCoRs presented more micropore area but did not exceed the total surface area of the other materials. The product distribution and yield at reaction times of 2 h and 6 h were closer to those of the cubic phases. The natural rhombohedral phase exhibits the best performance. The tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and rhombohedral stabilized phase work together to yield a bigger copolymer quantity at the expense of the styrene carbonate (StCO3) production. From the proposed mechanism, the TBAB cation (TBA+) has a "protection" function that drives the closing of the StCO3 ring; however, the charge distribution anisotropy in the four nitrogen atoms generated by Co replacement in ZnCoRs could hold TBA+ as the reaction time progressed, causing an unavailability that triggered the copolymerization propagation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Del Angel-Gómez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Legaria, Col. Irrigación, México City, 11500, Mexico.
| | - Omar Reséndiz-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Legaria, Col. Irrigación, México City, 11500, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Vega-Moreno
- CONAHCYT- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Legaria, Col. Irrigación, México City, 11500, Mexico
| | - Oscar Morelos-Santos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Ciencias Básicas, Col. Los Mangos, Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, 89440, Mexico
| | - Adela Lemus-Santana
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Legaria, Col. Irrigación, México City, 11500, Mexico.
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5
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Kuang Q, Zhang R, Zhou Z, Liao C, Liu S, Chen X, Wang X. A Supported Catalyst that Enables the Synthesis of Colorless CO 2 -Polyols with Ultra-Low Molecular Weight. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305186. [PMID: 37157011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-low molecular weight (ULMW) CO2 -polyols with well-defined hydroxyl end groups represent useful soft segments for the preparation of high-performance polyurethane foams. However, owing to the poor proton tolerance of catalysts towards CO2 /epoxide telomerization, it remains challenging to synthesize ULMW yet colorless CO2 -polyols. Herein, we propose an immobilization strategy of constructing supported catalysts by chemical anchoring of aluminum porphyrin on Merrifield resin. The resulting supported catalyst displays both extremely high proton tolerance (≈8000 times the equivalents of metal centers) and independence of cocatalyst, affording CO2 -polyols with ULMW (580 g mol-1 ) and high polymer selectivity (>99 %). Moreover, the ULMW CO2 -polyols with various architectures (tri-, quadra-, and hexa-arm) can be obtained, suggesting the wide proton universality of supported catalysts. Notably, benefiting from the heterogeneous nature of the supported catalyst, colorless products can be facilely achieved by simple filtration. The present strategy provides a platform for the synthesis of colorless ULMW polyols derived from not only CO2 /epoxides, but also lactone, anhydrides etc. or their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Can Liao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterial, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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6
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Verma A, Sharma B, Saini S, Behera B, Saran S, Ganguly SK, Kumar U. Oligomeric Heterogeneous Double Metal Cyanide Catalyst for One‐pot Ring‐Opening Polymerization. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Verma
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar Road Dehradun 248005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Bhawna Sharma
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar Road Dehradun 248005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Swati Saini
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar Road Dehradun 248005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Babita Behera
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Analytical Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar Road Dehradun 248005 India
| | - Sandeep Saran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Analytical Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar Road Dehradun 248005 India
| | - Sudip K. Ganguly
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar Road Dehradun 248005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Polymeric Materials Area, Chemical and Material Sciences Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Haridwar Road Dehradun 248005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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7
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Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide with 1,2-Butylene Oxide and Terpolymerization with Various Epoxides for Tailorable Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030748. [PMID: 36772049 PMCID: PMC9919074 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) with epoxides demonstrates promise as a new synthetic method for low-carbon polymer materials, such as aliphatic polycarbonate materials. In this study, a binary Schiff base cobalt system was successfully used to catalyze the copolymerization of 1,2-butylene oxide (BO) and CO2 and its terpolymerization with other epoxides such as propylene oxide (PO) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO). 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the successful synthesis of the alternating terpolymer. In addition, the effects of the polymerization reaction conditions and copolymerization monomer composition on the polymer structure and properties were examined systematically. By regulating the epoxide feed ratio, polycarbonates with an adjustable glass transition temperature (Tg) (11.2-67.8 °C) and hydrophilicity (water contact angle: 85.2-95.2°) were prepared. Thus, this ternary polymerization method provides an effective method of modulating the surface hydrophobicity of CO2-based polymers and their biodegradation properties.
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8
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Zhang X, Liu J, Qu R, Suo H, Xin Z, Qin Y. Synthesis and characterization of siloxane functionalized CO2-Based polycarbonate. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Hsu S, Chen H, Hung Y, Li Y, Liu G, Ko B, Lin C. Preparation and characterization of Schiff base nickel complexes and their application in the coupling reaction of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih‐Hsien Hsu
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hung‐Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Ching Hung
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Xuan Li
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Guan‐Lin Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Bao‐Tsan Ko
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chu‐Chieh Lin
- Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
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10
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Milocco F, Chiarioni G, Pescarmona PP. Heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of CO2 into cyclic and polymeric carbonates. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Mo W, Zhuo C, Cao H, Liu S, Wang X, Wang F. Facile Aluminum Porphyrin Complexes Enable Flexible Terminal Epoxides to Boost Properties of CO
2
‐Polycarbonate. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Mo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Chunwei Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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12
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Cao H, Zhang R, Zhou Z, Liu S, Tao Y, Wang F, Wang X. On-Demand Transformation of Carbon Dioxide into Polymers Enabled by a Comb-Shaped Metallic Oligomer Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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13
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Heterogeneous Double Metal Cyanide Catalyzed Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Polyols for the Preparation of Thermoplastic Elastomers. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polycaprolactones (PCLs) with molecular weights of 950–10,100 g mol−1 and Ð of 1.10–1.87 have been synthesized via one-pot, solvent-free ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) using a heterogeneous double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst. Various initiators, such as polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and sorbitol, are employed to tune the number of hydroxyl end groups and properties of the resultant PCLs. Kinetic studies indicate that the DMC-catalyzed ROP of CL proceeds via a similar mechanism with the coordination polymerization. Branched PCLs copolymers are also synthesized via the DMC-catalyzed copolymerization of CL with glycidol. The α,ω-hydroxyl functionalized PCLs were successfully used as telechelic polymers to produce thermoplastic poly(ester-ester) and poly(ester-urethane) elastomers with well-balanced stress and strain properties.
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14
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Hu L, Zhang X, Cao X, Chen D, Sun Y, Zhang C, Zhang X. Alternating Copolymerization of Isobutylene Oxide and Cyclic Anhydrides: A New Route to Semicrystalline Polyesters. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Danjing Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yue Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Luo Q, Li X, Wang Y, He J, Zhang Q, Ge P, Cai X, Sun Q, Zhu W, Shen Z, Li X. A biodegradable CO 2-based polymeric antitumor nanodrug via a one-pot surfactant- and solvent-free miniemulsion preparation. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2234-2244. [PMID: 32129324 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01931f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, low molecular weight poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC, Mn = 3500), a biodegradable liquid polymer easily prepared from carbon dioxide (CO2), was modified into poly(propylene carbonate)diacrylate (PPC-DA) by acylation, and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) was modified into methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate (mPEG-A). Using PPC-DA as the dispersant to dissolve hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX) and the initiator, and with mPEG-A as the co-monomer and polymerisable surfactant, a biodegradable nanodrug with excellent biocompatibility was prepared by shear emulsification polymerization without surfactants or organic solvent residues. The nanodrug can be efficiently endocytosed by tumor cells and can rapidly release doxorubicin triggered by the acidic endosomal pH. As evidenced by experiments in tumor-bearing mice, such a nanodrug is stealthy during blood circulation, and targets tumor sites with high efficiency. Moreover, this nanodrug is more effective and less toxic than free doxorubicin. This study provides a green and versatile approach for preparing biodegradable nanodrugs via a simple and efficient process. Moreover, this study extends the applications of CO2 based polymers in the biomedical field, promoting the development of CO2 polymerization fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojie Luo
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology (Zhejiang), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianfang He
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xia Cai
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhiquan Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
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16
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Song L, Wei W, Farooq MA, Xiong H. Quasi-Living Copolymerization of Aryl Isocyanates and Epoxides. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1542-1546. [PMID: 35617080 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nontraditional polyurethane (PU) has been successfully synthesized by anionic copolymerization of some typical aryl isocyanates and epoxides with ammonium halide onium salt (Lewis base) as the initiator and triisobutylaluminum (Lewis acid) as the activator and the synergistic coordinator. In contrast to the traditional step-growth approach, this chain-growth copolymerization can maintain the anionic propagation site and exhibit some living features with a high activity, by which the copolymers synthesized have narrow molecular weight distributions and discrete end groups. The copolymer is primarily constituted by a urethane linkage, and the byproducts of isocyanurate trimer and oxazolidinone can be effectively suppressed as the polymerization proceeds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also performed to support the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidao Song
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Amjad Farooq
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiming Xiong
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Integrated and Consolidated Review of Plastic Waste Management and Bio-Based Biodegradable Plastics: Challenges and Opportunities. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative plastic production worldwide skyrocketed from about 2 million tonnes in 1950 to 8.3 billion tonnes in 2015, with 6.3 billion tonnes (76%) ending up as waste. Of that waste, 79% is either in landfills or the environment. The purpose of the review is to establish the current global status quo in the plastics industry and assess the sustainability of some bio-based biodegradable plastics. This integrative and consolidated review thus builds on previous studies that have focused either on one or a few of the aspects considered in this paper. Three broad items to strongly consider are: Biodegradable plastics and other alternatives are not always environmentally superior to fossil-based plastics; less investment has been made in plastic waste management than in plastics production; and there is no single solution to plastic waste management. Some strategies to push for include: increasing recycling rates, reclaiming plastic waste from the environment, and bans or using alternatives, which can lessen the negative impacts of fossil-based plastics. However, each one has its own challenges, and country-specific scientific evidence is necessary to justify any suggested solutions. In conclusion, governments from all countries and stakeholders should work to strengthen waste management infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries while extended producer responsibility (EPR) and deposit refund schemes (DPRs) are important add-ons to consider in plastic waste management, as they have been found to be effective in Australia, France, Germany, and Ecuador.
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18
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Honda M, Ebihara T, Ohkawa T, Sugimoto H. Alternating terpolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, and various epoxides with bulky side groups for the tuning of thermal properties. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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DMC-Mediated Copolymerization of CO2 and PO—Mechanistic Aspects Derived from Feed and Polymer Composition. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of composition of liquid phase on composition of poly(propylene ether carbonates) in the copolymerization of CO2 with propylene oxide (PO), mediated by a zinc chloride cobalt double metal cyanide, was monitored by FT-IR/CO2 uptake/size exclusion chromatography in batch and semi-batch mode. The ratio of mol fractions of carbonate to ether linkages F (~0.15) was found virtually independent on the feed between 60 and 120 °C. The presence of CO2 lowers the catalytic activity but yields more narrowly distributed poly(propylene ether carbonates). Hints on diffusion and chemistry-related restrictions were found underlying, broadening the distribution. The incorporation of CO2 seems to proceed in a metal-based insertion chain process, ether linkages are generated stepwise after external nucleophilic attack. The presence of amines resulted in lower activities and no change in F. An exchange of chloride for nitrate in the catalyst led to a higher F of max. 0.45. The observations are interpreted in a mechanistic scheme, comprising surface-base-assisted nucleophilic attack of external weak nucleophiles and of mobile surface-bound carboxylato entities on activated PO in competition to protonation of surface-bound alkoxide intermediates by poly(propylene ether carbonate) glycols or by surface-bound protons. Basic entities on the catalyst may promote CO2 incorporation.
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20
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Chukanova OM, Korenkov KO, Garifullin NO, Sheverdenkina OG, Sedov IV. Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide Terpolymerization with Propylene Oxide and Hexene Oxide. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158420030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Jia M, Zhang D, de Kort GW, Wilsens CHRM, Rastogi S, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. All-Polycarbonate Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Triblock Copolymers Derived from Triethylborane-Mediated Sequential Copolymerization of CO 2 with Various Epoxides. Macromolecules 2020; 53:5297-5307. [PMID: 32905284 PMCID: PMC7467772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Various oxirane monomers including alkyl ether or allyl-substituted ones such as 1-butene oxide, 1-hexene oxide, 1-octene oxide, butyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, and 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether were anionically copolymerized with CO2 into polycarbonates using onium salts as initiator in the presence of triethylborane. All copolymerizations exhibited a "living" character, and the monomer consumption was monitored by in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The various polycarbonate samples obtained were characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, and differential scanning calorimetry. In a second step, all-polycarbonate triblock copolymers demonstrating elastomeric behavior were obtained in one pot by sequential copolymerization of CO2 with two different epoxides, using a difunctional initiator. 1-Octene oxide was first copolymerized with CO2 to form the central soft poly(octene carbonate) block which was flanked by two external rigid poly(cyclohexene carbonate) blocks obtained through subsequent copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide with CO2. Upon varying the ratio of 1-octene oxide to cyclohexene oxide and their respective ratios to the initiator, three all-polycarbonate triblock samples were prepared with molar masses of about 350 kg/mol and 22, 26, and 29 mol % hard block content, respectively. The resulting triblock copolymers were analyzed using 1H NMR, GPC, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy. All three samples demonstrated typical elastomeric behavior characterized by a high elongation at break and ultimate tensile strength in the same range as those of other natural and synthetic rubbers, in particular those used in applications such as tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Jia
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongyue Zhang
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gijs W. de Kort
- Aachen-Maastricht
Institute of Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200MD, The
Netherlands
| | - Carolus H. R. M. Wilsens
- Aachen-Maastricht
Institute of Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200MD, The
Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Aachen-Maastricht
Institute of Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200MD, The
Netherlands
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Beck-Broichsitter M. Comparative in vitro degradation of surface-eroding poly(alkylene carbonate)s. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Liu Y, Fang LM, Ren BH, Lu XB. Asymmetric Alternating Copolymerization of CO 2 with meso-Epoxides: Ring Size Effects of Epoxides on Reactivity, Enantioselectivity, Crystallization, and Degradation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li-Ming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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24
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Tran CH, Lee MW, Kim SA, Jang HB, Kim I. Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of Heterogeneous Double Metal Cyanide-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Multibranching Polymerization of Glycidol. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Hoang Tran
- BK21 PLUS Center for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woong Lee
- BK21 PLUS Center for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun A Kim
- BK21 PLUS Center for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byul Jang
- BK21 PLUS Center for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Kim
- BK21 PLUS Center for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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25
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Recent advances of “soft” bio-polycarbonate plastics from carbon dioxide and renewable bio-feedstocks via straightforward and innovative routes. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Kazemnejadi M, Mahmoudi B, Sharafi Z, Nasseri MA, Allahresani A, Esmaeilpour M. Synthesis and characterization of a new poly α-amino acid Co(II)-complex supported on magnetite graphene oxide as an efficient heterogeneous magnetically recyclable catalyst for efficient free-coreductant gram-scale epoxidation of olefins with molecular oxygen. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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27
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Worch JC, Prydderch H, Jimaja S, Bexis P, Becker ML, Dove AP. Stereochemical enhancement of polymer properties. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Marbach J, Höfer T, Bornholdt N, Luinstra GA. Catalytic Chain Transfer Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide and CO 2 using Zinc Glutarate Catalyst. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:828-839. [PMID: 31304076 PMCID: PMC6604238 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligo and poly(propylene ether carbonate)-polyols with molecular weights from 0.8 to over 50 kg/mol and with 60-92 mol % carbonate linkages were synthesized by chain transfer copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide (PO) mediated by zinc glutarate. Online-monitoring of the polymerization revealed that the CTA controlled copolymerization has an induction time which is resulting from reversible catalyst deactivation by the CTA. Latter is neutralized after the first monomer additions. The outcome of the chain transfer reaction is a function of the carbonate content, i. e. CO2 pressure, most likely on account of differences in mobility (diffusion) of the various polymers. Melt viscosities of poly(ether carbonate)diols with a carbonate content between 60 and 92 mol % are reported as function of the molecular weight, showing that the mobility is higher when the ether content is higher. The procedure of PO/CO2 catalytic chain copolymerization allows tailoring the glass temperature and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Marbach
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Theresa Höfer
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Nick Bornholdt
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
| | - Gerrit A. Luinstra
- University of HamburgInstitute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryBundesstraße 4520146HamburgGermany
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29
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Mechanistic insights on Zn(II)−Co(III) double metal cyanide-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of epoxides. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Liu R, Liu X, Ouyang K, Yan Q. Catalyst-Free Click Polymerization of CO 2 and Lewis Monomers for Recyclable C1 Fixation and Release. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:200-204. [PMID: 35619430 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals in gentle conditions is a great challenge in sustainable and energy chemistry. Here we report a CO2-participated polymerization using frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) as the monomer, which allows us to obtain well-defined CO2/FLP alternating copolymers with high molecular weights (∼50000) and quantitative conversions (∼95%), resembling a "click" polymerization of CO2 gas and FLP molecules. In comparison to other CO2-based polymerizations, this method features spontaneity, catalyst-free, and speediness, as well as can realize in ambient temperature (20 °C) and low CO2 pressure conditions (1.0 atm). Moreover, owing to the dynamic covalent bonding between CO2 and FLP unit, such a class of alternating copolymers upon heating can depolymerize into initial monomers and release CO2, which could make them as recyclable smart materials for reversible C1 fixation and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Kunbing Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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31
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Chen Z, Yang JL, Lu XY, Hu LF, Cao XH, Wu GP, Zhang XH. Triethyl borane-regulated selective production of polycarbonates and cyclic carbonates for the coupling reaction of CO2 with epoxides. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00398c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides bearing phenyl group is achieved by the combination of Lewis bases and excess triethyl borane that decides the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jia-Liang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Lan-Fang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiao-Han Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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32
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Grignard B, Gennen S, Jérôme C, Kleij AW, Detrembleur C. Advances in the use of CO 2 as a renewable feedstock for the synthesis of polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4466-4514. [PMID: 31276137 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide offers an accessible, cheap and renewable carbon feedstock for synthesis. Current interest in the area of carbon dioxide valorisation aims at new, emerging technologies that are able to provide new opportunities to turn a waste into value. Polymers are among the most widely produced chemicals in the world greatly affecting the quality of life. However, there are growing concerns about the lack of reuse of the majority of the consumer plastics and their after-life disposal resulting in an increasing demand for sustainable alternatives. New monomers and polymers that can address these issues are therefore warranted, and merging polymer synthesis with the recycling of carbon dioxide offers a tangible route to transition towards a circular economy. Here, an overview of the most relevant and recent approaches to CO2-based monomers and polymers are highlighted with particular emphasis on the transformation routes used and their involved manifolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Grignard
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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33
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34
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Chen K, Shi G, Li H, Wang C, Darensbourg DJ. Design of Betaine Functional Catalyst for Efficient Copolymerization of Oxirane and CO2. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Guiling Shi
- Department of Chemistry, ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Chemistry, ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Congmin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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35
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Li Y, Zhang YY, Hu LF, Zhang XH, Du BY, Xu JT. Carbon dioxide-based copolymers with various architectures. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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36
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Arai R, Seto K, Bell A, Sugimoto H. Synthesis of CO2-derived polycarbonates with high glass transition temperatures. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-017-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Kummari A, Pappuru S, Chakraborty D. Fully alternating and regioselective ring-opening copolymerization of phthalic anhydride with epoxides using highly active metal-free Lewis pairs as a catalyst. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00715b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative metal-free Lewis pairs effectively catalysed controlled ring-opening copolymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA) with epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Kummari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Sreenath Pappuru
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
| | - Debashis Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036
- India
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38
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HCAII-inspired catalysts for making carbon dioxide-based copolymers: The role of metal-hydroxide bond. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Ma Z, Li C, Fan H, Wan J, Luo Y, Li BG. Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) Derived from Diphenolic Acid and Carbon Dioxide and Their Application in Solvent- and Water-Borne PHU Coatings. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhu Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hong Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jintao Wan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yingwu Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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40
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Li Y, Duan HY, Luo M, Zhang YY, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ. Mechanistic Study of Regio-Defects in the Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide/Carbonyl Sulfide Catalyzed by (Salen)CrX Complexes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Han-Yi Duan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ming Luo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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41
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Scharfenberg M, Seiwert J, Scherger M, Preis J, Susewind M, Frey H. Multiarm Polycarbonate Star Polymers with a Hyperbranched Polyether Core from CO2 and Common Epoxides. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Scharfenberg
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scherger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Preis
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, 55120 Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Susewind
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, 55120 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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42
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Li H, Niu Y. Preparation of poly(propylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) and their applications in drug delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1320654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongsheng Niu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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43
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Chwatko M, Lynd NA. Statistical Copolymerization of Epoxides and Lactones to High Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Chwatko
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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44
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Kim JG, Jeon JY, Chun J, Kim CS, Lee PC, Lee BY. Efficient synthesis of organic carbonates and poly(1,4-butylene carbonate- co-terephthalate)s. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Jong Yeob Jeon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Jiseul Chun
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Chung Sol Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Pyung Cheon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology; Ajou University; Suwon 443-749 Korea
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45
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Lee TY, Lin YJ, Chang YZ, Huang LS, Ko BT, Huang JH. Nickel-Catalyzed Coupling of Carbon Dioxide with Cyclohexene Oxide by Well-Characterized Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Carbazolide Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Lin
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Zhen Chang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shin Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Tsan Ko
- Department
of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsien Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
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46
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Jin L, Zeng H, Ullah A. Rapid copolymerization of canola oil derived epoxide monomers with anhydrides and carbon dioxide (CO2). Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A rapid synthesis of bio-based polyesters/polycarbonates from canola oil derived monomers and carbon dioxide/anhydrides using microwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liejiang Jin
- Department of Agricultural
- Food and Nutritional Science
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural
- Food and Nutritional Science
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G 2P5
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47
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Marbach J, Nörnberg B, Rahlf AF, Luinstra GA. Zinc glutarate-mediated copolymerization of CO2 and PO – parameter studies using design of experiments. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00383h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parameter studies of the PO/CO2-copolymerization revealed the importance of the surface coverage of a nanoscopic ZnGA catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Marbach
- University of Hamburg
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - B. Nörnberg
- University of Hamburg
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - A. F. Rahlf
- University of Hamburg
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - G. A. Luinstra
- University of Hamburg
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
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48
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Bian S, Pagan C, Andrianova “Artemyeva” AA, Du G. Synthesis of Polycarbonates and Poly(ether carbonate)s Directly from Carbon Dioxide and Diols Promoted by a Cs 2CO 3/CH 2Cl 2 System. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1049-1057. [PMID: 31457181 PMCID: PMC6640766 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, polycarbonates have attracted considerable research interest because of their potential biodegradability and sustainability. Here, we present a direct route for the synthesis of polycarbonates and poly(ether carbonate)s from carbon dioxide (CO2) and diols, promoted by Cs2CO3 and CH2Cl2 under 1 atm of CO2. Quantitative conversion of diols and polymers with up to 11 kg/mol molecular weight could be obtained. While benzylic diols lead to predominantly carbonate linkage, aliphatic diols result in the incorporation of the methylene unit of CH2Cl2 that produces poly(ether carbonate)s. Both primary and secondary diols have been successfully incorporated into the polymer chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guodong Du
- E-mail: . Tel: +1-701-777-2241.
Fax: +1-701-777-2331
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49
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Luo M, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ. Poly(monothiocarbonate)s from the Alternating and Regioselective Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide with Epoxides. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2209-2219. [PMID: 27676451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an air pollutant that causes acid rain, ozonosphere damage, and carbon dioxide (CO2) generation. It is a heterocumulene and structural analogue of CO2. Relevant to organic synthesis, it is a source of C═O or C═S groups and thus an ideal one-carbon (C1) building block for synthesizing sulfur-containing polymers through the similar route of CO2 copolymerization. In contrast, traditional synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers often involves the condensation of thiols with phosgene and ring-opening polymerization of cyclic thiocarbonates that are generally derived from thiols and phosgene; thus, COS/epoxide copolymerization is a "greener" route to supplement or supplant current processes for the production of sulfur-containing polymers. This Accounts highlights our efforts on the discovery of the selective formation of poly(monothiocarbonate)s from COS with epoxides via heterogeneous zinc-cobalt double metal cyanide complex (Zn-Co(III) DMCC) and homogeneous (salen)CrX complexes. The catalytic activity and selectivity of Zn-Co(III) DMCC for COS/epoxide copolymerization are similar to those for CO2/epoxide copolymerization. (salen)CrX complexes accompanied by onium salts exhibited high activity and selectivity for COS/epoxide copolymerization under mild conditions, affording copolymers with >99% monothiocarbonate units and high tail-to-head content up to 99%. By way of contrast, these catalysts often show moderate or low activity for CO2/epoxide copolymerization. Of note, a specialty of COS/epoxide copolymerization is the occurrence of an oxygen-sulfur exchange reaction (O/S ER), which may produce carbonate and dithiocarbonate units. O/S ER, which are induced by the metal-OH bond regenerated by chain transfer reactions, can be kinetically inhibited by changing the reaction conditions. We provide a thorough mechanistic understanding of the electronic/steric effect of the catalysts on the regioselectivity of COS copolymerization. The regioselectivity of the copolymerization originates from the solely nucleophilic attack of the sulfur anion to methylene of the epoxide, and thus, the chiral configuration of the monosubstituted epoxides is retained. COS-based copolymers are highly transparent sulfur-containing polymers with excellent optical properties, such as high refractive index and Abbe number. Thanks to their good solubility and many available epoxides, COS/epoxide copolymers can potentially be a new applicable optical material. Very recently, crystalline COS-based polymers with or without chiral carbons have been synthesized, which may further expand the scope of application of these new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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50
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Subhani MA, Gürtler C, Leitner W, Müller TE. Nanoparticulate TiO2-Supported Double Metal Cyanide Catalyst for the Copolymerization of CO2with Propylene Oxide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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