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Gagnon YJ, Burton JC, Roth CB. Development of broad modulus profile upon polymer-polymer interface formation between immiscible glassy-rubbery domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312533120. [PMID: 38147561 PMCID: PMC10769838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312533120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfaces of glassy materials such as thin films, blends, and composites create strong unidirectional gradients to the local heterogeneous dynamics that can be used to elucidate the length scales and mechanisms associated with the dynamic heterogeneity of glasses. We focus on bilayer films of two different polymers with very different glass transition temperatures ([Formula: see text]) where previous work has demonstrated a long-range (∼200 nm) profile in local [Formula: see text] is established between immiscible glassy and rubbery polymer domains when the polymer-polymer interface is formed to equilibrium. Here, we demonstrate that an equally long-ranged gradient in local modulus [Formula: see text] is established when the polymer-polymer interface ([Formula: see text]5 nm) is formed between domains of glassy polystyrene (PS) and rubbery poly(butadiene) (PB), consistent with previous reports of a broad [Formula: see text] profile in this system. A continuum physics model for the shear wave propagation caused by a quartz crystal microbalance across a PB/PS bilayer film is used to measure the viscoelastic properties of the bilayer during the evolution of the PB/PS interface showing the development of a broad gradient in local modulus [Formula: see text] spanning [Formula: see text]180 nm between the glassy and rubbery domains of PS and PB. We suggest these broad profiles in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] arise from a coupling of the spectrum of vibrational modes across the polymer-polymer interface as a result of acoustic impedance matching of sound waves with [Formula: see text] nm during interface broadening that can then trigger density fluctuations in the neighboring domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA30322
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2
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Gagnon YJ, Burton JC, Roth CB. Physically intuitive continuum mechanics model for quartz crystal microbalance: Viscoelasticity of rubbery polymers at
MHz
frequencies. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Connie B. Roth
- Department of Physics Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
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3
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Alexandris S, Peponaki K, Petropoulou P, Sakellariou G, Vlassopoulos D. Linear Viscoelastic Response of Unentangled Polystyrene Bottlebrushes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Alexandris
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Peponaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Petropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 700 13, Crete, Greece
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4
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Hall R, Desai PS, Kang BG, Huang Q, Lee S, Chang T, Venerus DC, Mays J, Ntetsikas K, Polymeropoulos G, Hadjichristidis N, Larson RG. Assessing the Range of Validity of Current Tube Models through Analysis of a Comprehensive Set of Star–Linear 1,4-Polybutadiene Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beom-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | | | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - David C. Venerus
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Polymeropoulos
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Shanbhag S. Mathematical foundations of an ultra coarse-grained slip link model. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044903. [PMID: 31370523 DOI: 10.1063/1.5111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The master equation underlying ecoSLM, an ultra-coarse-grained slip link model, is presented. In the absence of constraint release, the equilibrium and dynamic properties of the discrete master equation for large chains are found to be virtually identical to the continuous Fokker-Planck equation for Brownian particles diffusing in a potential. A single-chain microscopic model with repulsion between adjacent slip links is described. It is approximately consistent with the quadratic fluctuation potential used in ecoSLM. Mapping ecoSLM with fine-grained slip link models or experiments requires specification of an effective friction as a function of molecular weight. Methods to accomplish this are discussed. Collectively, the mathematical framework described provides an interface for fine-grained slip link models to potentially use ecoSLM for extreme coarse-graining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Shanbhag
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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6
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Karatrantos A, Composto RJ, Winey KI, Kröger M, Clarke N. Modeling of Entangled Polymer Diffusion in Melts and Nanocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E876. [PMID: 31091725 PMCID: PMC6571671 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review concerns modeling studies of the fundamental problem of entangled (reptational) homopolymer diffusion in melts and nanocomposite materials in comparison to experiments. In polymer melts, the developed united atom and multibead spring models predict an exponent of the molecular weight dependence to the polymer diffusion very similar to experiments and the tube reptation model. There are rather unexplored parameters that can influence polymer diffusion such as polymer semiflexibility or polydispersity, leading to a different exponent. Models with soft potentials or slip-springs can estimate accurately the tube model predictions in polymer melts enabling us to reach larger length scales and simulate well entangled polymers. However, in polymer nanocomposites, reptational polymer diffusion is more complicated due to nanoparticle fillers size, loading, geometry and polymer-nanoparticle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nigel Clarke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
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7
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Shchetnikava V, Slot J, van Ruymbeke E. Comparative Analysis of Different Tube Models for Linear Rheology of Monodisperse Linear Entangled Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050754. [PMID: 31035419 PMCID: PMC6572337 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to analyse the differences between tube-based models which are widely used for predicting the linear viscoelasticity of monodisperse linear polymers, in comparison to a large set of experimental data. The following models are examined: Milner–McLeish, Likhtman–McLeish, the Hierarchical model proposed by the group of Larson, the BoB model of Das and Read, and the TMA model proposed by the group of van Ruymbeke. This comparison allows us to highlight and discuss important questions related to the relaxation of entangled polymers, such as the importance of the contour-length fluctuations (CLF) process and how it affects the reptation mechanism, or the contribution of the constraint release (CR) process on the motion of the chains. In particular, it allows us to point out important approximations, inherent in some models, which result in an overestimation of the effect of CLF on the reptation time. On the contrary, by validating the TMA model against experimental data, we show that this effect is underestimated in TMA. Therefore, in order to obtain accurate predictions, a novel modification to the TMA model is proposed. Our current work is a continuation of earlier research (Shchetnikava et al., 2014), where a similar analysis is performed on well-defined star polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Shchetnikava
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan Slot
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Evelyne van Ruymbeke
- Bio and Soft Matter Group, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, École Polytechnique de Louvain, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Shanbhag
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4120, United States
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9
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Hall R, Kang BG, Lee S, Chang T, Venerus DC, Hadjichristidis N, Mays J, Larson RG. Determining the Dilution Exponent for Entangled 1,4-Polybutadienes Using Blends of Near-Monodisperse Star with Unentangled, Low Molecular Weight Linear Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beom-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - David C. Venerus
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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11
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Mohamed F, Flämig M, Hofmann M, Heymann L, Willner L, Fatkullin N, Aksel N, Rössler EA. Scaling analysis of the viscoelastic response of linear polymers. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:044902. [PMID: 30068172 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelastic response in terms of the complex shear modulus G*(ω) of the linear polymers poly(ethylene-alt-propylene), poly(isoprene), and poly(butadiene) is studied for molar masses (M) from 3k up to 1000k and over a wide temperature range starting from the glass transition temperature Tg (174 K-373 K). Master curves G'(ωτα) and G″(ωτα) are constructed for the polymer-specific relaxation. Segmental relaxation occurring close to Tg is independently addressed by single spectra. Altogether, viscoelastic response is effectively studied over 14 decades in frequency. The structural relaxation time τα used for scaling is taken from dielectric spectra. We suggest a derivative method for identifying the different power-law regimes and their exponents along G″(ωτα) ∝ ωε″. The exponent ε″ = ε″(ωτα) ≡ d ln G″(ωτα)/d ln(ωτα) reveals more details compared to conventional analyses and displays high similarity among the polymers. Within a simple scaling model, the original tube-reptation model is extended to include contour length fluctuations (CLFs). The model reproduces all signatures of the quantitative theory by Likhtman and McLeish. The characteristic times and power-law exponents are rediscovered in ε″(ωτα). The high-frequency flank of the terminal relaxation closely follows the prediction for CLF (ε″ = -0.25), i.e., G″(ω) ∝ ω-0.21±0.02. At lower frequencies, a second regime with lower exponent ε″ is observed signaling the crossover to coherent reptation. Application of the full Likhtman-McLeish calculation provides a quantitative interpolation of ε″(ωτα) at frequencies below those of the Rouse regime. The derivative method also allows identifying the entanglement time τe. However, as the exponent in the Rouse regime (ωτe > 1) varies along εeRouse = 0.66 ± 0.04 (off the Rouse prediction εRouse = 0.5) and that at ωτe < 1 is similar, only a weak manifestation of the crossover at τe is found at highest M. Yet, calculating τe/τα= (M/Mo)2, we find good agreement among the polymers when discussing ε″(ωτe). The terminal relaxation time τt is directly read off from ε″(ωτα). Plotting τt/τe as a function of Z = M/Me, we find universal behavior as predicted by the TR model. The M dependence crosses over from an exponent significantly larger than 3.0 at intermediate M to an exponent approaching 3.0 at highest M in agreement with previous reports. The frequency of the minimum in G″(ωτα) scales as τmin ∝ M1.0±0.1. An M-independent frequency marks the crossover to glassy relaxation at the highest frequencies. Independent of the amplitude of G″(ω), which may be related to sample-to-sample differences, the derivative method is a versatile tool to provide a detailed phenomenological analysis of the viscoelastic response of complex liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mohamed
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Flämig
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L Heymann
- Technische Mechanik und Strömungsmechanik, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Willner
- Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - N Fatkullin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - N Aksel
- Technische Mechanik und Strömungsmechanik, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E A Rössler
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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12
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Trutschel ML, Mordvinkin A, Furtado F, Willner L, Saalwächter K. Time-Domain NMR Observation of Entangled Polymer Dynamics: Focus on All Tube-Model Regimes, Chain Center, and Matrix Effects. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Trutschel
- Institut für Physik − NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Anton Mordvinkin
- Institut für Physik − NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Filipe Furtado
- Institut für Physik − NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Lutz Willner
- Institute of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik − NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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13
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Liu G, Feng X, Lang K, Zhang R, Guo D, Yang S, Cheng SZD. Dynamics of Shape-Persistent Giant Molecules: Zimm-like Melt, Elastic Plateau, and Cooperative Glass-like. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GengXin Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Kening Lang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Ruimeng Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Dong Guo
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shuguang Yang
- Center
for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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14
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Hofmann M, Fatkullin N, Rössler EA. Inconsistencies in Determining the Entanglement Time of Poly(butadiene) from Rheology and Comparison to Results from Field-Cycling NMR. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hofmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - N. Fatkullin
- Institute
of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - E. A. Rössler
- Experimentalphysik
II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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15
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Hofmann M, Kresse B, Heymann L, Privalov AF, Willner L, Fatkullin N, Aksel N, Fujara F, Rössler EA. Dynamics of a Paradigmatic Linear Polymer: A Proton Field-Cycling NMR Relaxometry Study on Poly(ethylene–propylene). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hofmann
- Experimentalphysik
II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - B. Kresse
- Institut
für Festkörperphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L. Heymann
- Technische
Mechanik und Strömungsmechanik, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A. F. Privalov
- Institut
für Festkörperphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L. Willner
- Institute
of Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - N. Fatkullin
- Institute
of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan Russia
| | - N. Aksel
- Technische
Mechanik und Strömungsmechanik, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F. Fujara
- Institut
für Festkörperphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E. A. Rössler
- Experimentalphysik
II, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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16
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Desai PS, Kang BG, Katzarova M, Hall R, Huang Q, Lee S, Shivokhin M, Chang T, Venerus DC, Mays J, Schieber JD, Larson RG. Challenging Tube and Slip-Link Models: Predicting the Linear Rheology of Blends of Well-Characterized Star and Linear 1,4-Polybutadienes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beom-Goo Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | | | - Taihyun Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | | | - Jimmy Mays
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, United States
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17
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Rheological characterization of konjac glucomannan in concentrated solutions. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-015-9296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Snijkers F, Pasquino R, Olmsted PD, Vlassopoulos D. Perspectives on the viscoelasticity and flow behavior of entangled linear and branched polymers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:473002. [PMID: 26558404 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/47/473002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We briefly review the recent advances in the rheology of entangled polymers and identify emerging research trends and outstanding challenges, especially with respect to branched polymers. Emphasis is placed on the role of well-characterized model systems, as well as the synergy of synthesis-characterization, rheometry and modeling/simulations. The theoretical framework for understanding the observed linear and nonlinear rheological phenomena is the tube model, which is critically assessed in view of its successes and shortcomings, and alternative approaches are briefly discussed. Finally, intriguing experimental findings and controversial issues that merit consistent explanation, such as shear banding instabilities, multiple stress overshoots in transient simple shear and enhanced steady-state elongational viscosity in polymer solutions, are discussed, and future directions such as branch point dynamics and anisotropic monomeric friction are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Snijkers
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece. CNRS/Solvay UMR 5268, Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, Saint-Fons 69190, France
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