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Shahmirzaee M, Nagai A. An Appraisal for Providing Charge Transfer (CT) Through Synthetic Porous Frameworks for their Semiconductor Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307828. [PMID: 38368249 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable focus on the development of charge transfer (CT) complex formation as a means to modify the band gaps of organic materials. In particular, CT complexes alternate layers of aromatic molecules with donor (D) and acceptor (A) properties to provide inherent electrical conductivity. In particular, the synthetic porous frameworks as attractive D-A components have been extensively studied in recent years in comparison to existing D-A materials. Therefore, in this work, the synthetic porous frameworks are classified into conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and compare high-quality materials for CT in semiconductors. This work updates the overview of the above porous frameworks for CT, starting with their early history regarding their semiconductor applications, and lists CT concepts and selected key developments in their CT complexes and CT composites. In addition, the network formation methods and their functionalization are discussed to provide access to a variety of potential applications. Furthermore, several theoretical investigations, efficiency improvement techniques, and a discussion of the electrical conductivity of the porous frameworks are also highlighted. Finally, a perspective of synthetic porous framework studies on CT performance is provided along with some comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- ENSEMBLE 3 - Centre of Excellence, Warsaw, 01-919, Poland
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2
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Zhang H, Lin DQ, Wang YC, Li ZX, Hu S, Huang L, Zhang XW, Jin D, Sheng CX, Xu CX, Xie LH. Hierarchical Nanoarchitectonics of Ultrathin 2D Organic Nanosheets for Aqueous Processed Electroluminescent Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2208174. [PMID: 37026668 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin 2D organic nanosheets (2DONs) with high mobility have received tremendous attention due to thickness of few molecular layers. However, ultrathin 2DONs with high luminescence efficiency and flexibility simultaneously are rarely reported. Here, the ultrathin 2DONs (thickness: 19 nm) through the modulation of tighter molecular packing (distance: ≈3.31 Å) achievable from the incorporation of methoxyl and dipenylamine (DPA) groups into 3D spirofluorenexanthene (SFX) building blocks is successfully prepared. Even with closer molecular stacking, ultrathin 2DONs still enable the suppression of aggregation quenching to exhibit higher quantum yields of blue emission (ΦF = 48%) than that on amorphous film (ΦF = 20%), and show amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with a mediate threshold (332 mW cm-2 ). Further, through drop-casting method, the ultrathin 2DONs are self-organized into large-scale flexible 2DONs films (1.5 × 1.5 cm) with the low hardness (H: 0.008 Gpa) and low Young's modulus (Er : 0.63 Gpa). Impressively, the large-scale 2DONs film can realize electroluminescence performances with a maximum luminance (445 cd m-2 ) and low turn on voltage (3.7 V). These ultrathin 2DONs provide a new avenue for the realization of flexible electrically pumping lasers and intelligent quantum tunneling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Dong-Qing Lin
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shu Hu
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dong Jin
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Sheng
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
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3
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Liu Y, Russell TP. Electroactive Ionenes: Efficient Interlayer Materials in Organic Photovoltaics. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1097-1108. [PMID: 35188380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) have the advantages of being lightweight, mechanically flexible, and solution-processable over large areas, and for decades, they have been the focus of the academic and industrial communities. Recent progress in the design of high-performance organic semiconductors and device optimization has promoted solar cell efficiencies of up to 19%, showing great promise for commercialization. Optimally designed OPVs are achieved using a bicontinuous interpenetrating network of donor and acceptor materials in between two charge-collecting electrodes. Charge extraction and transport between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors are crucial to device operation. The energy-level mismatch when metal electrodes and organic semiconductors are in contact usually induces additional energy barriers and resultant inefficient charge transport and collection, leading to charge carrier recombination at the interface and inferior device performance. To align energy levels at the interface, interlayer materials and their integration into devices have emerged as a widely used strategy to promote the performance of solar cell devices. Interlayer materials have the ability to modify the work functions (WFs) of metal electrodes, holding the potential to enhance the built-in electrostatic field (Vbi) of the devices and suppress the charge recombination loss, which is beneficial to improving the open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) of the solar cells.Organic interlayer materials have recently come into focus for fundamental study and practical development because of their diverse molecular design and superior solution processability. Tremendous effort has been devoted to exploring novel organic interlayer materials to achieve all-solution-processed multilayer solar cells. Such interlayer materials usually have orthogonal solubilities relative to the photoactive layer materials, working as multifunctional interfacial layers to manipulate the mechanical and electrical contacts in solar cell devices. Ionenes are a unique class of polyelectrolytes wherein the ionic species reside within the polymer backbone rather than as pendant groups. In ionenes, the charge density is high in comparison to that of other polyelectrolytes, and the periodicity of the charges is easily controlled, providing a tunable density of dipole moments. Ionenes can be readily synthesized from 3° diamines and α,ω-dihaloalkanes to generate polymer chains of ammonium cations connected by flexible hydrocarbon linkages with mobile anions. However, the requisite building blocks of ionenes are not limited to such molecules. Recent advances in combining ionenes with conjugated molecules to generate electroactive ionenes have catalyzed a great amount of interest in such polymers for organic electronic devices.In this Account, we first introduce the molecular design and synthesis of electroactive ionenes. Following this, we will discuss the mechanism and effect of ionenes on the modification of metal electrodes. We then review the strategies for controlling the morphology of ionene interlayers. Finally, we compare the doping effect, conductivity, and charge transport of some representative ionenes and their performance as interlayers in solar cell devices. We present our current understanding based on recent progress and outstanding issues of interlayer materials in OPVs and to propose future directions and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Abe R, Tsuchido Y, Ide T, Koizumi TA, Osakada K. Digold(I) Thianthrenyl Complexes. Effect of Diphosphine Ligands on Molecular Structures in the Solid State and in Solution. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9594-9601. [PMID: 35350371 PMCID: PMC8945089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of digold complexes possessing two thianthrenyl ligands, Au2(Thi)2(Ph2P(CH2) n PPh2) (Thi: 1-thianthrenyl; 1: n = 1, 2: n = 2, 3: n = 3, 4: n = 4), were prepared and characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic measurements. X-ray crystallography of complexes 1 and 3 revealed U-shaped structures with short Au-Au distances [3.2171(3) Å and 3.0735(2) Å]. Complex 2 and three of the four structure-determined molecules of complex 4 showed structures without Au-Au contacts. UV-vis spectroscopic measurements of 1-4 and TD-DFT calculations of the two conformers of 1 revealed that complexes 1 and 3 in the solution phase contained conformers with Au(I)-Au(I) interactions in a much higher proportion than complexes 2 and 4. As a result, complexes with diphosphine ligands containing an odd number of methylene groups preferred structures with Au-Au interactions in the solid state and in solution. Oxidation of 1 with 2 equiv of PhICl2 yielded a mixture of monomeric and dimeric thianthrenes and its dimer via ligand elimination and C-C coupling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Abe
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, National
Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan
| | - Take-aki Koizumi
- Advanced
Institute of Analysis Center, Shizuoka Institute
of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- National
Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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5
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Barman R, Ray D, Aswal VK, Ghosh S. Chain-folding regulated self-assembly, outstanding bactericidal activity and biofilm eradication by biomimetic amphiphilic polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chain-folding regulated hierarchical self-assembly of cationic host defense peptide mimicking amphiphilic polyurethanes exhibit excellent antibacterial activity and biofilm killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, Pin-700032, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - V. K. Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, Pin-700032, India
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6
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Liu M, Li M, Jiang Y, Ma Z, Liu D, Ren Z, Russell TP, Liu Y. Conductive Ionenes Promote Interfacial Self-Doping for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41810-41817. [PMID: 34254795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conductive ionenes were synthesized by integrating the electron donor dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) with the electron acceptor naphthalene diimide (NDI) using the Menshutkin reaction. The crystallinity and morphology of the films of these polymers can be optimized by varying the DAN-to-NDI ratio. These ionenes show strong charge transfer from DAN to NDI, though absent conjugated backbones, affording self-doping polymers with enhanced π-π interactions and excellent electronic properties. This is the first example where an electron donor can dope the electron acceptor in nonconjugated polymers, opening a new avenue for designing efficient interlayer materials. These ionenes markedly modify the electrode interface and promote efficient interfacial self-doping to boost the performance of fullerene-based, non-fullerene-based, and ternary organic solar cells, affording high power conversion efficiencies over a wide range of interlayer thicknesses, from ∼8 to ∼40 nm, with a maximum efficiency of 17.05%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter, Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Duanzijing Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter, Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter, Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter, Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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8
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O'Harra KE, Bara JE. Toward controlled functional sequencing and hierarchical structuring in imidazolium ionenes. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E O'Harra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Jason E Bara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
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9
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Veldhuizen H, Elzen L, Mahon T, Abellon R, Nagai A. Charge‐Transfer‐Complexed Conjugated Microporous Polymers (CT‐CMPs). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Veldhuizen
- Novel Aerospace MaterialsTechnische Universiteit Delft Kluyverweg 1 Delft 2629HS The Netherlands
| | - Luc Elzen
- Novel Aerospace MaterialsTechnische Universiteit Delft Kluyverweg 1 Delft 2629HS The Netherlands
- Chemistry Food and PharmaAvans University Parallelweg 64, 5223 AL's‐Hertogenbosch The Netherlands
| | - Tadhg Mahon
- Novel Aerospace MaterialsTechnische Universiteit Delft Kluyverweg 1 Delft 2629HS The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Abellon
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTechnische Universiteit Delft Van der Maasweg 9 Delft 2629HZ The Netherlands
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Novel Aerospace MaterialsTechnische Universiteit Delft Kluyverweg 1 Delft 2629HS The Netherlands
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10
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Bara JE, O'Harra KE. Recent Advances in the Design of Ionenes: Toward Convergence with High‐Performance Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Bara
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
| | - Kathryn E. O'Harra
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
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11
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Tan LY, Tsuchido Y, Osakada K, Cai Z, Takahashi Y, Takeuchi D. Synthesis and Aggregation Behavior of Poly(arylene alkenylene)s and Poly(arylene alkylene)s Having Dialkoxyphenylene and Aromatic Diimide Groups. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi Tan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-03, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-03, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-03, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Zhengguo Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Department of Molecular and Materials Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-03, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
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12
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Chen L, Wang H, Zhang DW, Zhou Y, Li ZT. Pt⋯Pt and π–π interactions-induced pleated polymeric foldamers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Cole MD, Sheri M, Bielicki C, Emrick T. Perylene Diimide-Based Ionene and Zwitterionic Polymers: Synthesis and Solution Photophysical Properties. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Cole
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Madhu Sheri
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Chelsea Bielicki
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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14
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Bhattacharyya A, Sanyal MK, Mogera U, George SJ, Mukhopadhyay MK, Maiti S, Kulkarni GU. In-Situ GISAXS Study of Supramolecular Nanofibers having Ultrafast Humidity Sensitivity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:246. [PMID: 28325936 PMCID: PMC5428228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self assembled nanofibers derived from donor-acceptor (D-A) pair of dodecyl methyl viologen (DMV) and potassium salt of coronene tetracarboxylate (CS) is an excellent material for the development of organic electronic devices particularly for ultrafast response to relative humidity (RH). Here we have presented the results of in-situ grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements to understand aridity dependent self reorganization of the nanofibers. The instantaneous changes in the organization of the nanofibers was monitored with different equilibrium RH conditions. Additionally formation of nanofibers during drying was studied by GISAXS technique - the results show two distinct stages of structural arrangements, first the formation of a lamellar mesophase and then, the evolution of a distorted hexagonal lattice. The RH dependent GISAXS results revealed a high degree of swelling in the lattice of the micelles and reduction in the distortion of the hexagonal structure with increase in RH. In high RH condition, the nanofibers show elliptical distortion but could not break into lamellar phase as observed during formation through drying. This observed structural deformation gives insight into nanoscopic structural changes of the micelles with change in RH around it and in turn explains ultrafast sensitivity in its conductivity for RH variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bhattacharyya
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Milan K Sanyal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India. .,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.
| | - Umesha Mogera
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | | | - Santanu Maiti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700 064, India
| | - Giridhar U Kulkarni
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India.,Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli P.O., Bangalore, 560013, India
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15
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Shangguan L, Xing H, Mondal JH, Shi B. Novel rare earth fluorescent supramolecular polymeric assemblies constructed by orthogonal pillar[5]arene-based molecular recognition, Eu(iii)-coordination and π–π donor–acceptor interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:889-892. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Linear rare earth fluorescent supramolecular polymer is easily constructed by pillar[5]arene-based molecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Shangguan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | | | - Bingbing Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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16
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Cai SL, Zhang WG, Zuckermann RN, Li ZT, Zhao X, Liu Y. The Organic Flatland-Recent Advances in Synthetic 2D Organic Layers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5762-5770. [PMID: 25735971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin, 2D organic layers of sub-ten nanometer thicknesses and high aspect ratios have received a great deal of attention for their graphene-like topological features and emerging properties. Rational synthetic strategies have led to the realization of periodic 2D layers with unprecedented structural precision. Herein, recent progress on the synthesis of 2D organic layers, including methods based on both non-covalent and covalent interactions, is summarized, and potential applications are highlighted. Such 2D organic nanostructures have a brilliant future as prospective multifunctional materials, showing great promise as platforms for engineering novel optoelectronic, interfacial, and bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Liang Cai
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Guang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ronald N Zuckermann
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
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17
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Mandal J, Ramakrishnan S. Periodically Grafted Amphiphilic Copolymers: Effects of Steric Crowding and Reversal of Amphiphilicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6035-6044. [PMID: 25984651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two series of periodically clickable polyesters were prepared; one of them carries alkylene segments along its backbone, whereas the other carries poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments. These polyesters were clicked with either MPEG-350 azide or docosyl (C22) azide to yield periodically grafted amphiphilic copolymers (PGACs) carrying either flexible hydrophilic or crystallizable hydrophobic backbone segments. The immiscibility between hydrocarbon and PEG segments causes both of these systems to fold in either a zigzag or hairpin-like conformation; the hairpin-like conformation appears to be preferred when flexible PEG segments are present in the backbone. The folded chains further reorganize in the solid state to develop a lamellar morphology that permits the collocation of the PEG and hydrocarbon (HC) segments within alternate domains; evidence for the self-segregation was gained from DSC, SAXS, and AFM studies. SAXS studies revealed the formation of an extended lamellar structure, whereas AFM images showed uniform layered morphology with layer heights that matched reasonably well with the interlamellar spacing obtained from the SAXS study. Labeling one representative PGAC, carrying crystallizable long alkylene segments in the backbone and pendant PEG-350 side chains, with a small mole fraction of pyrene fluorophore permitted the examination of the conformational transition that occurs upon going from a good to a poor solvent; this single-chain folded conformation, we postulate, is the intermediate that organizes into the lamellar morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Mandal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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18
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Mondal T, Sakurai T, Yoneda S, Seki S, Ghosh S. Semiconducting Nanotubes by Intrachain Folding Following Macroscopic Assembly of a Naphthalene–Diimide (NDI) Appended Polyurethane. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502410d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Mondal
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, India-700032
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yoneda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, India-700032
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19
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Ikeda T. Effect of polymerization on hierarchical self-assembly into nanosheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:667-673. [PMID: 25526560 DOI: 10.1021/la504010j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oligomers consisting of phenyl-capped bithiophene and tetra(ethylene glycol)s linked by azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition were synthesized. The relationship between the degree of polymerization and self-assembling ability was investigated in o-dichlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide. From the absorption spectrum, it was confirmed that the critical degree of polymerization (CDP) for thiophene unit aggregation was 4. The morphology of the aggregated product was observed by atomic force microscopy. The oligomers 4mer and 5mer could not self-assemble into well-defined structures due to the weak driving force for the self-assembly. In the cases of 6mer and 7mer, aggregates with nonwell-defined and nanosheet structures coexisted. In the cases of 8mer and 9mer, the nanosheet was the main product. The critical point between 7mer and 8mer could be confirmed by different aggregation behaviors in the cooling process of the solution (nonsigmoidal and sigmoidal). In the cases of 8mer and 9mer, polymer folding prior to intermolecular self-assembly, which was supported by sigmoidal aggregation behavior, leads to the nanosheet formation. On the contrary, shorter oligomers than 8mer experience intermolecular aggregation prior to intramolecular polymer folding, which was supported by the nonsigmoidal aggregation behavior. This is the first report to prove the existence of CDP for folded polymer nanosheet formation which requires hierarchical self-assembly, i.e., polymer folding followed by intermolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ikeda
- Polymer Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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20
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Zhang YC, Zhang DW, Wang H, Zhou Y, Li ZT. Bipyridinium radical cation dimerization-driven polymeric pleated foldamers and a homoduplex that undergo ion-tuned interconversion. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00419e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radical cation dimerization induces bipyridinium-derived polymers to form pleated secondary structures and a homoduplex which can be tuned by ammonium to interconvert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yaming Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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21
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Yeh MY, Lin HC. Theoretical analysis of the intermolecular interactions in naphthalene diimide and pyrene complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:24216-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Das A, Ghosh S. Supramolekulare Anordnungen mit Charge-Transfer-Wechselwirkungen zwischen Donor- und Akzeptor-Chromophoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Das A, Ghosh S. Supramolecular Assemblies by Charge-Transfer Interactions between Donor and Acceptor Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2038-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Kumar M, Venkata Rao K, George SJ. Supramolecular charge transfer nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1300-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Rao KV, Jalani K, Jayaramulu K, Mogera U, Maji TK, George SJ. Charge-Transfer Nanostructures through Noncovalent Amphiphilic Self-Assembly: Extended Cofacial Donor-Acceptor Arrays. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Liu K, Zheng X, Samuel AZ, Ramkumar SG, Ghosh S, Tan X, Wang D, Shuai Z, Ramakrishnan S, Liu D, Zhang X. Stretching single polymer chains of donor-acceptor foldamers: toward the quantitative study on the extent of folding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14438-14443. [PMID: 24168699 DOI: 10.1021/la403709u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy has proven to be an efficient tool for the quantitative characterization of flexible foldamers on the single-molecule level in this study. The extent of folding has been estimated quantitatively for the first time to the best of our knowledge, which is crucial for a better understanding of the "folding-process" on single-molecule level. Therefore, this study may provide a guidance to regulate folding for realizing rational control over the functions of bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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27
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Mondal T, Dan K, Deb J, Jana SS, Ghosh S. Hydrogen-bonding-induced chain folding and vesicular assembly of an amphiphilic polyurethane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6746-6753. [PMID: 23663195 DOI: 10.1021/la401008y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have reported synthesis and vesicular assembly of a novel amphiphilic polyurethane with hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic pendant carboxylic acid groups which were periodically grafted to the backbone via a tertiary amine group. In aqueous medium the polymer chain adopted a folded conformation which was stabilized by intrachain H-bonding among the urethane groups. Such a model was supported by concentration and solvent-dependent FT-IR, powder XRD, and urea-mediated "denaturation" experiments. Folded polymer chains further formed vesicular assembly which was probed by dynamic light scattering, TEM, AFM, SEM, and fluorescence microscopic studies, and dye encapsulation experiments. pH-dependent DLS and fluorescence microscopic studies revealed stable polymersome in entire tested pH window of 3.5-11.0. Zeta potential measurements showed a negatively charged surface in basic pH while a charge-neutral surface in neutral and acidic pH. MTT assay with CHO cell line indicated good cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Mondal
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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28
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Zhu Z, Bruns CJ, Li H, Lei J, Ke C, Liu Z, Shafaie S, Colquhoun HM, Stoddart JF. Synthesis and solution-state dynamics of donor–acceptor oligorotaxane foldamers. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc00015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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29
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Mechanically Interlaced and Interlocked Donor–Acceptor Foldamers. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE I 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Das A, Molla MR, Maity B, Koley D, Ghosh S. Hydrogen-bonding induced alternate stacking of donor (D) and acceptor (A) chromophores and their supramolecular switching to segregated states. Chemistry 2012; 18:9849-59. [PMID: 22782621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports comprehensive studies on the mixed assembly of bis-(trialkoxybenzamide)-functionalized dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) donors and naphthalene-diimide (NDI) acceptors due the cooperative effects of hydrogen bonding, charge-transfer (CT) interactions, and solvophobic effects. A series of DAN as well as NDI building blocks have been examined (wherein the relative distance between the two amide groups in a particular chromophore is the variable structural parameter) to understand the structure-dependent variation in mode of supramolecular assembly and morphology (organogel, reverse vesicle, etc.) of the self-assembled material. Interestingly, it was observed that when the amide functionalities are introduced to enhance the self-assembly propensity, the mode of co-assembly among the DAN and NDI chromophores no longer remained trivial and was dictated by a relatively stronger hydrogen-bonding interaction instead of a weak CT interaction. Consequently, in a highly non-polar solvent like methylcyclohexane (MCH), although kinetically controlled CT-gelation was initially noticed, within a few hours the system sacrificed the CT-interaction and switched over to the more stable self-sorted gel to maximize the gain in enthalpy from the hydrogen-bonding interaction. In contrast, in a relatively less non-polar solvent such as tetrachloroethylene (TCE), in which the strength of hydrogen bonding is inherently weak, the contribution of the CT interaction also had to be accounted for along with hydrogen bonding leading to a stable CT-state in the gel or solution phase. The stability and morphology of the CT complex and rate of supramolecular switching (from CT to segregated state) were found to be greatly influenced by subtle structural variation of the building blocks, solvent polarity, and the DAN/NDI ratio. For example, in a given D-A pair, by introducing just one methylene unit in the spacer segment of either of the building blocks a complete change in the mode of co-assembly (CT state or segregated state) and the morphology (1D fiber to 2D reverse vesicle) was observed. The role of solvent polarity, structural variation, and D/A ratio on the nature of co-assembly, morphology, and the unprecedented supramolecular-switching phenomenon have been studied by detail spectroscopic and microscopic experiments in a gel as well as in the solution state and are well supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Rd. Kolkata-700032, India
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31
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Roy RK, Gowd EB, Ramakrishnan S. Periodically Grafted Amphiphilic Copolymers: Nonionic Analogues of Ionenes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2023414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Roy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore 560012, India
| | - E. Bhoje Gowd
- Department of Inorganic and Physical
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical
Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore 560012, India
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32
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Romulus J, Patel S, Weck M. Facile Synthesis of Flexible, Donor–Acceptor Side-Chain Functionalized Copolymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201812x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Romulus
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Sonal Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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33
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Jain A, Rao KV, Mogera U, Sagade AA, George SJ. Dynamic Self-Assembly of Charge-Transfer Nanofibers of Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives with F4TCNQ. Chemistry 2011; 17:12355-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Das A, Molla MR, Banerjee A, Paul A, Ghosh S. Hydrogen‐Bonding Directed Assembly and Gelation of Donor–Acceptor Chromophores: Supramolecular Reorganization from a Charge‐Transfer State to a Self‐Sorted State. Chemistry 2011; 17:6061-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Polymer Science Unit, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India), Fax: (+91) 33‐2473‐2805
| | - Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Polymer Science Unit, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India), Fax: (+91) 33‐2473‐2805
| | - Ambar Banerjee
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Raman Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India)
| | - Ankan Paul
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Raman Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India)
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Polymer Science Unit, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 7000 32 (India), Fax: (+91) 33‐2473‐2805
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35
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De S, Ramakrishnan S. Folding of a donor-containing ionene by intercalation with an acceptor. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:149-56. [PMID: 21053348 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cationic ionenes that bear electron-rich 1,5-dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) units within the alkylene segment were allowed to interact with different types of electron-deficient, acceptor-containing molecules in an effort to realize intercalation-induced folding of the ionenes; the collapse of the chains was expected to occur in such a way that the donor and acceptor units become arranged in an alternating fashion. Several acceptor-bearing molecules were prepared by the derivatization of pyromellitic dianhydride and naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride with two different oligoethylene glycol monomethyl ether monoamines. This yielded acceptor molecules with different water solubility and allowed the examination of solvophobic effects in the folding process. UV/Vis spectroscopic studies were carried out by using a 1:1 mixture of the DAN-ionenes and different acceptor molecules in water/DMSO solvent mixtures. The intensity of the charge-transfer (CT) band was seen to increase with the water content in the solvent mixture, thereby suggesting that the intercalation is indeed aided by solvophobic effects. The naphthalene diimide (NDI) bearing acceptor molecules consistently formed significantly stronger CT complexes when compared to the pyromellitic diimide (PDI) bearing acceptor molecules, which is a reflection of the stronger π-stacking tendency of the former. AFM studies of drop-cast films of different ionene-acceptor combinations revealed that compact folded structures are formed most effectively under conditions in which the strongest CT complex is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati De
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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36
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Molla MR, Das A, Ghosh S. Self-sorted assembly in a mixture of donor and acceptor chromophores. Chemistry 2011; 16:10084-93. [PMID: 20583059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel supramolecular approach for orthogonal self-assembly of donor and acceptor chromophores has been demonstrated. Suitably designed 1,5-dialkoxynaphthalene (DAN) and naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (NDI) derivatives were used as the donor and acceptor systems, respectively. The molecular design for self-sorting relies upon the precise control over the placement of the self-complementary hydrogen-bonding units (amide functionality) with respect to the individual chromophore. By design, the distances between the two amide groups in the donor and acceptor chromophores are not identical, and consequently the effect of the hydrogen-bonding interaction cannot be maximised in the case of alternate donor-acceptor-type pi-stacking. Thus a relatively weak charge-transfer interaction is expected to be sacrificed, and segregated assembly among the individual chromophores should be enforced by virtue of the much stronger effects of hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking. Detailed spectroscopic studies were carried out to probe the mode of self-assembly in various derivatives of the DAN-NDI donor-acceptor pairs to establish the utility of the molecular design as a generalised one for orthogonal self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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37
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Lu HC, Whang WT, Cheng BM. Reversible isomerization of a zwitterionic polysquaraine induced by a metal surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03328f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Lu HC, Whang WT, Cheng BM. Switchable structural modification accompanying altered optical properties of a zwitterionic polysquaraine. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Alvey PM, Reczek JJ, Lynch V, Iverson BL. A systematic study of thermochromic aromatic donor-acceptor materials. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7682-90. [PMID: 20973470 DOI: 10.1021/jo101498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molar mixtures (1:1) of electron-rich dialkoxynapthalene (Dan) and electron-deficient 1,4,5,8-napthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (Ndi) derivatives form highly tunable, columnar mesophases with a dark red color due to a charge transfer absorbance derived from alternating face-centered stacking. Certain Dan-Ndi mixtures undergo a dramatic color change from dark red to an almost colorless material upon crystallizing from the mesophase. Macroscopic morphology of the solid is not changed during this process. In order to investigate the origins of this interesting thermochromic behavior, Dan and Ndi side chains were systematically altered and their 1:1 mixtures were studied. We have previously speculated that the presence or absence of steric interactions due to side chain branching on the aromatic units controlled the level of color change associated with crystallization. Results from the present study further refine this conclusion including a key crystal structure that provides a structural rationale for the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Alvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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40
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Rao K, Jayaramulu K, Maji T, George S. Supramolecular Hydrogels and High-Aspect-Ratio Nanofibers through Charge-Transfer-Induced Alternate Coassembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Rao K, Jayaramulu K, Maji T, George S. Supramolecular Hydrogels and High-Aspect-Ratio Nanofibers through Charge-Transfer-Induced Alternate Coassembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4218-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Ramkumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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