1
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Lin TW, Sing CE. Effect of penetrant-polymer interactions and shape on the motion of molecular penetrants in dense polymer networks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114905. [PMID: 38511661 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of dilute molecular penetrants within polymers plays a crucial role in the advancement of material engineering for applications such as coatings and membrane separations. The potential of highly cross-linked polymer networks in these applications stems from their capacity to adjust the size and shape selectivity through subtle changes in network structures. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics simulation to understand the role of penetrant shape (aspect ratios) and its interaction with polymer networks on its diffusivity. We characterize both local penetrant hopping and the long-time diffusive motion for penetrants and consider different aspect ratios and penetrant-network interaction strengths at a variety of cross-link densities and temperatures. The shape affects the coupling of penetrant motion to the cross-link density- and temperature-dependent structural relaxation of networks and also affects the way a penetrant experiences the confinement from the network meshes. The attractive interaction between the penetrant and network primarily affects the former since only the system of dilute limit is of present interest. These results offer fundamental insights into the intricate interplay between penetrant characteristics and polymer network properties and also suggest future directions for manipulating polymer design to enhance the separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Charles E Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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2
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Capkova T, Hanulikova B, Sevcik J, Urbanek P, Antos J, Urbanek M, Kuritka I. Incorporation of the New anti-Octadecaborane Laser Dyes into Thin Polymer Films: A Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence and Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158832. [PMID: 35955965 PMCID: PMC9368784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New anti-octadecaborane(22) laser dyes have been recently introduced. However, their application in solid thin films is limited, despite being very desirable for electronics. Spectroscopic methods, photoluminescence (PL), and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), are here used to reveal structural responses to a temperature change in thin polymer films made of π- and σ-conjugated and non-conjugated polymers and anti-octadecaborane(22) and its tetra-alkylatedderivatives. It has been observed that borane clusters are not firmly fixed within polymer matrices and that their ability for diffusion out of the polymer film is unprecedented, especially at higher temperatures. This ability is related to thermodynamic transitions of polymer macromolecular chains. PL and IRRAS spectra have revealed a clear correlation with β-transition and α-transition of polymers. The influence of structure and molecular weight of a polymer and the concentration and the substitution type of clusters on mobility of borane clusters within the polymer matrix is demonstrated. A solution is proposed that led to an improvement of the temperature stability of films by 45 °C. The well-known spectroscopic methods have proved to be powerful tools for a non-routine description of the temperature behavior of both borane clusters and polymer matrices.
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3
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Valdez S, Robertson M, Qiang Z. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Measurements in Polymer Science: A Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200421. [PMID: 35689335 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a non-invasive characterization method for studying molecular structures and dynamics, providing high spatial resolution at nanometer scale. Over the past decades, FRET-based measurements are developed and widely implemented in synthetic polymer systems for understanding and detecting a variety of nanoscale phenomena, enabling significant advances in polymer science. In this review, the basic principles of fluorescence and FRET are briefly discussed. Several representative research areas are highlighted, where FRET spectroscopy and imaging can be employed to reveal polymer morphology and kinetics. These examples include understanding polymer micelle formation and stability, detecting guest molecule release from polymer host, characterizing supramolecular assembly, imaging composite interfaces, and determining polymer chain conformations and their diffusion kinetics. Finally, a perspective on the opportunities of FRET-based measurements is provided for further allowing their greater contributions in this exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valdez
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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4
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Sheridan GS, Evans CM. Understanding the Roles of Mesh Size, Tg, and Segmental Dynamics on Probe Diffusion in Dense Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Choi W, Lee W, Yu YJ, Priestley RD, Chung JW, Kwak SY. Comparison of glass transition dynamics between fluorophore-labeled and -doped flexible Poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized by ultra-small branched star Poly(ε-caprolactone). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Chen H, Singhal G, Neubrech F, Liu R, Katz JS, Matteucci S, Arturo SG, Wasserman D, Giessen H, Braun PV. Measuring Molecular Diffusion Through Thin Polymer Films with Dual-Band Plasmonic Antennas. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10393-10405. [PMID: 34008953 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A general and quantitative method to characterize molecular transport in polymers with good temporal and high spatial resolution, in complex environments, is an important need of the pharmaceutical, textile, and food and beverage packaging industries, and of general interest to the polymer science community. Here we show how the amplified infrared (IR) absorbance sensitivity provided by plasmonic nanoantenna-based surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) provides such a method. SEIRA enhances infrared (IR) absorbances primarily within 50 nm of the nanoantennas, enabling localized quantitative detection of even trace quantities of analytes and diffusion measurements in even thin polymer films. Relative to a commercial attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) system, the limit of detection is enhanced at least 13-fold, and as is important for measuring diffusion, the detection volume is about 15 times thinner. Via this approach, the diffusion coefficient and solubility of specific molecules, including l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), ethanol, various sugars, and water, in both simple and complex mixtures (e.g., beer and a cola soda), were determined in poly(methyl methacrylate), high density polyethylene (HDPE)-based, and polypropylene-based polyolefin films as thin as 250 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gaurav Singhal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Frank Neubrech
- 2nd Physics Institute, Stuttgart University, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Runyu Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua S Katz
- Formulation Science, Corporate Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Scott Matteucci
- Formulation Science, Corporate Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Steven G Arturo
- Engineering and Process Sciences, Corporate Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Daniel Wasserman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Harald Giessen
- 2nd Physics Institute, Stuttgart University, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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7
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Qiang Z, Wang M. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Enabling Advances in Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1342-1356. [PMID: 35638626 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades there has been a revolution in the field of optical microscopy with emerging capabilities such as super-resolution and single-molecule fluorescence techniques. Combined with the classical advantages of fluorescence imaging, such as chemical labeling specificity, and noninvasive sample preparation and imaging, these methods have enabled significant advances in our polymer community. This Viewpoint discusses several of these capabilities and how they can uniquely offer information where other characterization techniques are limited. Several examples are highlighted that demonstrate the ability of fluorescence microscopy to understand key questions in polymer science such as single-molecule diffusion and orientation, 3D nanostructural morphology, and interfacial and multicomponent dynamics. Finally, we briefly discuss opportunities for further advances in techniques that may allow them to make an even greater contribution in polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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8
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A Mechanistic Model for Predicting the Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1495-1512. [PMID: 32818440 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we establish a mechanistic model for the prediction of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) stability. The novel approach incorporates fundamental physical parameters, principally supersaturation, diffusivity, and interfacial energy, to model crystallization in ASDs accounting for both kinetic and thermodynamic drivers. API dependent decoupling coefficients were also considered which allowed dynamic mechanical analysis to probe molecular mobility, with viscosity measurements, across an exceptionally broad range of temperatures to support ASD stability simulations. ASDs are multicomponent systems in which the amorphous form of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are molecularly dispersed within a carrier. This gives rise to a transiently supersaturated API solution upon dissolution which increases the driving force for oral absorption and results in increased bioavailability as compared to that of the crystalline API. A major shortcoming of ASDs, however, is that there is the potential for amorphous APIs to revert to their more stable crystalline form during storage, despite the use of polymer carriers to stabilize formulations and limit recrystallization. Hot melt extrusion (HME) has been employed as the preparation method for ASDs used in this study as it is well-suited for the formation of uniform dispersions. The ASDs were stored under controlled temperature conditions, in the absence of humidity, to determine recrystallization kinetics. Our mechanistic model, considering both crystal nucleation and growth processes, describes temporal ASD stability through a system of coupled differential equations that connect the physiochemical properties of the ASD system to drug recrystallization. The model and prolonged time scale of crystallization observed highlight the importance of considering both thermodynamic and kinetic factors in the preparation of stable ASDs. Experimental observations were found to be in good agreement with predictions of the model confirming its utility in predicting the temporal physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions through a mechanistic lens.
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9
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Shi G, Liu Y, Wu G. βfast Relaxation Governs the Damping Stability of Acrylic Polymer/Hindered Phenol Hybrids. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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10
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Jose J, Swaminathan N. Response of adhesive polymer interfaces to repeated mechanical loading and the spatial variation of diffusion coefficient and stresses in a deforming polymer film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11266-11283. [PMID: 31099805 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive molecular simulations are conducted to show that polymer crosslinks preserve the strength of solid-polymer (melt) interfaces when they are subjected to repeated mechanical loading. The spatial variation of the diffusion coefficient and local stresses is also investigated along the polymer thickness, during deformation. After each loading cycle, a reduction in entanglement strength is observed at the fracture site. The work of adhesion also decreases over consecutive loading cycles, when fracture is induced at the same site. Reduction in both, the work of adhesion and the entanglement strength, decreases as the crosslink density increases. Diffusion coefficient and stresses vary significantly and in a complex manner along the film thickness during the entire deformation process. These variations were due to peculiar configurations occurring at each instance of separation, which are analyzed and explained in this work. The variation of diffusion coefficient during deformation suggests that other dynamic properties, such as viscosity, also vary spatially during polymer deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeno Jose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Narasimhan Swaminathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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11
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Luo H, Raciti D, Wang C, Herrera-Alonso M. Macromolecular Brushes as Stabilizers of Hydrophobic Solute Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1855-65. [PMID: 27035279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular brushes bearing poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(d,l-lactide) side chains were used to stabilize hydrophobic solute nanoparticles formed by a rapid change in solvent quality. Unlike linear diblock copolymers with the same hydrophilic and hydrophobic block chemistries, the brush copolymer enabled the formation of ellipsoidal β-carotene nanoparticles, which in cosolvent mixtures developed into rod-like structures, resulting from a combination of Ostwald ripening and particle aggregation. The stabilizing ability of the copolymer was highly dependent on the mobility of the hydrophobic component, influenced by its molecular weight. As shown here, asymmetric amphiphilic macromolecular brushes of this type may be used as hydrophobic drug stabilizers and potentially assist the shape control of nonspherical aggregate morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanying Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David Raciti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Margarita Herrera-Alonso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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12
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Vagias A, Schultze J, Doroshenko M, Koynov K, Butt HJ, Gauthier M, Fytas G, Vlassopoulos D. Molecular Tracer Diffusion in Nondilute Polymer Solutions: Universal Master Curve and Glass Transition Effects. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Vagias
- FORTH, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mario Gauthier
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Polymer Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - George Fytas
- FORTH, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- FORTH, Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
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13
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Xu J, Ding L, Chen J, Gao S, Li L, Zhou D, Li X, Xue G. Sensitive Characterization of the Influence of Substrate Interfaces on Supported Thin Films. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500864k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology, and The State Key Laboratory of
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology, and The State Key Laboratory of
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology, and The State Key Laboratory of
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Siyang Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology, and The State Key Laboratory of
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Linling Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology, and The State Key Laboratory of
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology, and The State Key Laboratory of
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology, and The State Key Laboratory of
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance
Polymer Materials and Technology, and The State Key Laboratory of
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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14
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Mok MM, Lodge TP. Temperature-based fluorescence measurements of pyrene in block copolymer micelles: Probing micelle core glass transition breadths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Liu S, Jiang M, Ye S, Xu X, Lu P, Dong J. Biodegradable poly(glycerin citrate) and its application to controlled release of theophylline. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Xu J, Li D, Chen J, Din L, Wang X, Tao F, Xue G. Detection of Interchain Proximity and Segmental Motion of Polymer Glass. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Lei Din
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Co-ordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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17
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Yonet-Tanyeri N, Evans RC, Tu H, Braun PV. Molecular transport directed via patterned functionalized surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1739-1743. [PMID: 21360774 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Yonet-Tanyeri
- Beckman Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
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18
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Guo Q, Knight PT, Mather PT. Tailored drug release from biodegradable stent coatings based on hybrid polyurethanes. J Control Release 2009; 137:224-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Bingemann D, Wirth N, Gmeiner J, Rössler EA. Decoupled Dynamics and Quasi-Logarithmic Relaxation in the Polymer−Plasticizer System Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Tri-m-cresyl Phosphate Studied with 2D NMR. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Bingemann
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nadine Wirth
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gmeiner
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ernst A. Rössler
- Experimentalphysik II, Universität Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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20
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Zangi R, Mackowiak SA, Kaufman LJ. Probe particles alter dynamic heterogeneities in simple supercooled systems. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:104501. [PMID: 17362069 DOI: 10.1063/1.2434969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present results from molecular dynamics simulations on the effect of smooth and rough probes on the dynamics of a supercooled Lennard-Jones (LJ) mixture. The probe diameter was systematically varied from one to seven times the diameter of the large particles of the LJ mixture. Mean square displacements show that in the presence of a large smooth probe the supercooled liquid speeds up, while in the presence of a large rough probe, the supercooled liquid slows down. Non-Gaussian parameters indicate that with both smooth and rough probes, the heterogeneity of the supercooled system increases. From the analysis of local Debye-Waller factors, it is evident that the change in the dynamics of the LJ system is heterogeneous, with the largest perturbations close to the probes. Large smooth and rough probes appear to set up heterogeneities in these supercooled systems that would otherwise not occur, and these heterogeneities persist for long times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Zangi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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21
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Relationship between segmental dynamics and tracer diffusion of low mass compounds in polyacrylates. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Yang X, Alexeev A, Michels MAJ, Loos J. Effect of Spatial Confinement on the Morphology Evolution of Thin Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)/Methanofullerene Composite Films. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047589x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoniu Yang
- Group Polymer Physics, Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry, and Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, NL-5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and NT-MDT, 124460 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Alexeev
- Group Polymer Physics, Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry, and Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, NL-5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and NT-MDT, 124460 Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthias A. J. Michels
- Group Polymer Physics, Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry, and Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, NL-5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and NT-MDT, 124460 Moscow, Russia
| | - Joachim Loos
- Group Polymer Physics, Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry, and Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, NL-5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and NT-MDT, 124460 Moscow, Russia
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23
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Priestley RD, Broadbelt LJ, Torkelson JM. Physical Aging of Ultrathin Polymer Films above and below the Bulk Glass Transition Temperature: Effects of Attractive vs Neutral Polymer−Substrate Interactions Measured by Fluorescence. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047994o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
| | - Linda J. Broadbelt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
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24
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de Andrade ML, Atvars TDZ. Diffusion of a Single Component in a Binary Polymer Blend upon Annealing Monitored by Fluorescence Microspectroscopy. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048873r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L. de Andrade
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa D. Z. Atvars
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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26
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Ellison CJ, Miller KE, Torkelson JM. In situ monitoring of sorption and drying of polymer films and coatings: self-referencing, nearly temperature-independent fluorescence sensors. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Ellison CJ, Torkelson JM. The distribution of glass-transition temperatures in nanoscopically confined glass formers. NATURE MATERIALS 2003; 2:695-700. [PMID: 14502273 DOI: 10.1038/nmat980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Accepted: 08/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the decade-long study of the effect of nanoconfinement on the glass-transition temperature (T(g)) of amorphous materials, the quest to probe the distribution of T(g)s in nanoconfined glass formers has remained unfulfilled. Here the distribution of T(g)s across polystyrene films has been obtained by a fluorescence/multilayer method, revealing that the enhancement of dynamics at a surface affects T(g) several tens of nanometres into the film. The extent to which dynamics smoothly transition from enhanced to bulk states depends strongly on nanoconfinement. When polymer films are sufficiently thin that a reduction in thickness leads to a reduction in overall T(g), the surface-layer T(g) actually increases with a reduction in overall thickness, whereas the substrate-layer T(g) decreases. These results indicate that the gradient in T(g) dynamics is not abrupt, and that the size of a cooperatively rearranging region is much smaller than the distance over which interfacial effects propagate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120, USA
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28
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Mi Y, Xue G, Lu X. A New Perspective of the Glass Transition of Polymer Single-Chain Nanoglobules. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Mi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Polymer Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Polymer Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and Department of Polymer Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Lebovitz AH, Gray MK, Chen AC, Torkelson JM. Interpolymer radical coupling reactions during sonication of polymer solutions. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Gupta RR, RamachandraRao VS, Watkins JJ. Measurement of Probe Diffusion in CO2-Swollen Polystyrene Using in Situ Fluorescence Nonradiative Energy Transfer. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021557x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi R. Gupta
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | | | - James J. Watkins
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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31
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Quirin JC, Torkelson JM. Self-referencing fluorescence sensor for monitoring conversion of nonisothermal polymerization and nanoscale mixing of resin components. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Lebovitz AH, Khait K, Torkelson JM. In Situ Block Copolymer Formation during Solid-State Shear Pulverization: An Explanation for Blend Compatibilization via Interpolymer Radical Reactions. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021239y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Lebovitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
| | - Klementina Khait
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
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33
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Ellison CJ, Torkelson JM. Sensing the glass transition in thin and ultrathin polymer films via fluorescence probes and labels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Gray MK, Kinsinger MI, Torkelson JM. Diffusion-Controlled Polymer−Polymer Reactions in Bulk: Novel Strategy for Model Experiments and Reactive Compatibilization Using Polymers Synthesized via Controlled Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0211838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maisha K. Gray
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Michael I. Kinsinger
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Wang
- Bridgestone/Firestone Research Center, 1200 Firestone Parkway, Akron, Ohio 44317
| | - Wensheng Zhou
- Bridgestone/Firestone Research Center, 1200 Firestone Parkway, Akron, Ohio 44317
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36
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37
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Gebremichael Y, Schrøder TB, Starr FW, Glotzer SC. Spatially correlated dynamics in a simulated glass-forming polymer melt: analysis of clustering phenomena. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:051503. [PMID: 11735925 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, experimental and computational studies have demonstrated that the dynamics of glass-forming liquids are spatially heterogeneous, exhibiting regions of temporarily enhanced or diminished mobility. Here we present a detailed analysis of dynamical heterogeneity in a simulated "bead-spring" model of a low-molecular-weight polymer melt. We investigate the transient nature and size distribution of clusters of "mobile" chain segments (monomers) as the polymer melt is cooled toward its glass transition. We also explore the dependence of this clustering on the way in which the mobile subset is defined. We show that the mean cluster size is time dependent with a peak at intermediate time, and that the mean cluster size at the peak time grows with decreasing temperature T. We show that for each T a particular fraction of particles maximizes the mean cluster size at some characteristic time, and this fraction depends on T. The growing size of the clusters demonstrates the growing range of correlated motion, previously reported for this same system [C. Beneman et al. Nature (London) 399, 246 (1999)]. The distribution of cluster sizes approaches a power law near the mode-coupling temperature, similar to behavior reported for a simulated binary mixture and a dense colloidal suspension, but with a different exponent. We calculate the correlation length of the clusters, and show that it exhibits similar temperature- and time-dependent behavior as the mean cluster size, with a maximum at intermediate time. We show that the characteristic time of the maximum cluster size follows the scaling predicted by mode-coupling theory (MCT) for the beta time scale, revealing a possible connection between spatially heterogeneous dynamics and MCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gebremichael
- Center for Theoretical and Computational Materials Science and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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38
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Pu Y, White H, Rafailovich MH, Sokolov J, Patel A, White C, Wu WL, Zaitsev V, Schwarz SA. Probe Diffusion in Thin PS Free-Standing Films. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma002183f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Levitus M, Garcia-Garibay MA. Polarized Electronic Spectroscopy and Photophysical Properties of 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001483w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Levitus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095
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40
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Loura LMS, Prieto M. Resonance Energy Transfer in Heterogeneous Planar and Bilayer Systems: Theory and Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000245y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís M. S. Loura
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal
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41
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Buitink J, Leprince O, Hemminga MA, Hoekstra FA. Molecular mobility in the cytoplasm: an approach to describe and predict lifespan of dry germplasm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:2385-90. [PMID: 10681458 PMCID: PMC15810 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.040554797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/1999] [Accepted: 12/17/1999] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mobility is increasingly considered a key factor influencing storage stability of biomolecular substances, because it is thought to control the rate of detrimental reactions responsible for reducing the shelf life of, for instance, pharmaceuticals, food, and germplasm. We investigated the relationship between aging rates of germplasm and the rotational motion of a polar spin probe in the cytoplasm under different storage conditions using saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rotational motion of the spin probe in the cytoplasm of seed and pollen of various plant species changed as a function of moisture content and temperature in a manner similar to aging rates or longevity. A linear relationship was established between the logarithms of rotational motion and aging rates or longevity. This linearity suggests that detrimental aging rates are associated with molecular mobility in the cytoplasm. By measuring the rotational correlation times at low temperatures at which experimental determination of longevity is practically impossible, this linearity enabled us to predict vigor loss or longevity. At subzero temperatures, moisture contents for maximum life span were predicted to be higher than those hitherto used in genebanks, urging for a reexamination of seed storage protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buitink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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42
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Ngai KL. Alternative Explanation of the Difference between Translational Diffusion and Rotational Diffusion in Supercooled Liquids. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990554s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Ngai
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5320, and Faculty of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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43
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Hall DB, Hamilton KE, Miller RD, Torkelson JM. Translational and Rotational Diffusion of Probe Molecules in Polymer Films near Tg: Effect of Hydrogen Bonding. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9904159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208; IBM Almaden Research Center, 560 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Kenneth E. Hamilton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208; IBM Almaden Research Center, 560 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Robert D. Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208; IBM Almaden Research Center, 560 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208; IBM Almaden Research Center, 560 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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44
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Pinto JR, Novak SW, Nicholas M. Aqueous Dye Diffusion in Thin Films of Water-Soluble Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone) Copolymers: A Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Study. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9911292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry R. Pinto
- International Specialty Products, Wayne, New Jersey 07470
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45
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Xia J, Wang CH. Holographic Grating Relaxation Studies of Probe Diffusion in a Polymer Blend. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981307+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Buitink J, Hemminga MA, Hoekstra FA. Characterization of molecular mobility in seed tissues: an electron paramagnetic resonance spin probe study. Biophys J 1999; 76:3315-22. [PMID: 10354457 PMCID: PMC1300301 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between molecular mobility (tauR) of the polar spin probe 3-carboxy-proxyl and water content and temperature was established in pea axes by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and saturation transfer EPR. At room temperature, tauR increased during drying from 10(-11) s at 2.0 g water/g dry weight to 10(-4) s in the dry state. At water contents below 0.07 g water/g dry weight, tauR remained constant upon further drying. At the glass transition temperature, tauR was constant at approximately 10(-4) s for all water contents studied. Above Tg, isomobility lines were found that were approximately parallel to the Tg curve. The temperature dependence of tauR at all water contents studied followed Arrhenius behavior, with a break at Tg. Above Tg the activation energy for rotational motion was approximately 25 kJ/mol compared to 10 kJ/mol below Tg. The temperature dependence of tauR could also be described by the WLF equation, using constants deviating considerably from the universal constants. The temperature effect on tauR above Tg was much smaller in pea axes, as found previously for sugar and polymer glasses. Thus, although glasses are present in seeds, the melting of the glass by raising the temperature will cause only a moderate increase in molecular mobility in the cytoplasm as compared to a huge increase in amorphous sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Buitink
- Wageningen Agricultural University, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, 6703 BD Wageningen, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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47
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Nath SK, de Pablo JJ, DeBellis AD. Molecular Simulation of Physical Properties of Hindered-Amine Light Stabilizers in Polyethylene. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja984107m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal K. Nath
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Additives Division, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation, Tarrytown, New York 10591
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Additives Division, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation, Tarrytown, New York 10591
| | - Anthony D. DeBellis
- Contribution from the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and Additives Division, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation, Tarrytown, New York 10591
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48
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49
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Hall DB, Torkelson JM. Small Molecule Probe Diffusion in Thin and Ultrathin Supported Polymer Films. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9812128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3120
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50
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Mabuchi M, Kawano K, Ito S, Yamamoto M, Takahashi M, Masuda T. Structural Relaxation of Ultrathin Polymer Films Prepared by the Langmuir−Blodgett Technique: Characteristics of the Two-Dimensional System. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980337+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Mabuchi
- Departments of Polymer Chemistry and Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawano
- Departments of Polymer Chemistry and Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Ito
- Departments of Polymer Chemistry and Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamamoto
- Departments of Polymer Chemistry and Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaoki Takahashi
- Departments of Polymer Chemistry and Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiro Masuda
- Departments of Polymer Chemistry and Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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