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Blaiset L, Bresson B, Olanier L, Guazzelli É, Roché M, Sanson N. Granular aqueous suspensions with controlled interparticular friction and adhesion. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5447-5455. [PMID: 38952147 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
We present a simple route to obtain large quantities of suspensions of non-Brownian particles with stimuli-responsive surface properties to study the relation between their flow and interparticle interactions. We perform an alkaline hydrolysis reaction on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles to obtain poly(sodium methacrylate) (PMAA-Na) particles. We characterize the quasi-static macroscopic frictional response of their aqueous suspensions using a rotating drum. The suspensions are frictionless when the particles are dispersed in pure water. We relate this state to the presence of electrosteric repulsion between the charged surfaces of the ionized PMAA-Na particles in water. Then we add monovalent and multivalent ions (Na+, Ca2+, La3+) and we observe that the suspensions become frictional whatever the valency. For divalent and trivalent ions, the quasi-static avalanche angle θc at large ionic strength is greater than that of frictional PMMA particles in water, suggesting the presence of adhesion. Finally, a decrease in the pH of the suspending solution leads to a transition between a frictionless plateau and a frictional one. We perform atomic force microscopy (AFM) to relate our macroscopic observations to the surface features of the particles. In particular, we show that the increase in friction in the presence of multivalent ions or under acidic conditions is driven by a nanoscopic phase separation and the bundling of polyelectrolyte chains at the surface of the particle. Our results highlight the importance of surface interactions in the rheology of granular suspensions. Our particles provide a simple, yet flexible platform to study frictional suspension flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Blaiset
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matière et Systèmes Complexes UMR 7057, F-75013, Paris, France
- Laboratoire SIMM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75231 Cédex 05Paris, France
| | - Bruno Bresson
- Laboratoire SIMM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75231 Cédex 05Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Olanier
- Laboratoire SIMM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75231 Cédex 05Paris, France
| | - Élisabeth Guazzelli
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matière et Systèmes Complexes UMR 7057, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Roché
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Matière et Systèmes Complexes UMR 7057, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Sanson
- Laboratoire SIMM, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75231 Cédex 05Paris, France
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2
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Wanselius M, Al-Tikriti Y, Hansson P. Utilizing a microfluidic platform to investigate drug-eluting beads: Binding and release of amphiphilic antidepressants. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123517. [PMID: 37871867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting beads made of responsive polyelectrolyte networks are used in the treatment of liver cancer. Aggregates of loaded drugs in complex with the networks dissolve upon release, causing swelling of the network. According to a recent mechanism the release and swelling rates are controlled by the mass transport of drug through a depletion layer created in the microgel. We hypothesise that the mechanism, in which the stability of the drug aggregates and the swelling properties of the network play crucial roles, offers means to control the release profile also for other drugs. To test this, we investigated the loading and release properties of amitriptyline, chlorpromazine and doxepin in polyacrylate, hyaluronate and DCbead™ microgels in a microfluidic setup. Loaded drugs could be released to a medium with physiological ionic strength and pH. The binding strength increased with decreasing critical micelle concentration of the drugs and increasing linear charge density of network chains. Microgels displayed drug-rich core/swollen shell coexistence, and swelled during release at a rate in agreement with the depletion layer mechanism, indicating its generality. The results demonstrate the potential of microgels as vehicles for amphiphilic drugs and the usefulness of the microfluidics method for in vitro studies of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Wanselius
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yassir Al-Tikriti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Hansson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Houston JE, Fruhner L, de la Cotte A, Rojo González J, Petrunin AV, Gasser U, Schweins R, Allgaier J, Richtering W, Fernandez-Nieves A, Scotti A. Resolving the different bulk moduli within individual soft nanogels using small-angle neutron scattering. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6129. [PMID: 35776796 PMCID: PMC10883365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bulk modulus, K, quantifies the elastic response of an object to an isotropic compression. For soft compressible colloids, knowing K is essential to accurately predict the suspension response to crowding. Most colloids have complex architectures characterized by different softness, which additionally depends on compression. Here, we determine the different values of K for the various morphological parts of individual nanogels and probe the changes of K with compression. Our method uses a partially deuterated polymer, which exerts the required isotropic stress, and small-angle neutron scattering with contrast matching to determine the form factor of the particles without any scattering contribution from the polymer. We show a clear difference in softness, compressibility, and evolution of K between the shell of the nanogel and the rest of the particle, depending on the amount of cross-linker used in their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Fruhner
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information Processing (IBI-8), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexis de la Cotte
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo González
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Urs Gasser
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin ILL DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jürgen Allgaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information Processing (IBI-8), 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-SOFT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alberto Fernandez-Nieves
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Scotti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Hussain I, Shahid M, Ali F, Irfan A, Farooqi ZH, Begum R. Methacrylic acid based microgels and hybrid microgels. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methacrylic acid based microgels have got much consideration in the last two decades because of their potential uses in different fields owing to their responsive behaviour towards external stimuli. Synthesis, properties and uses of methacrylic acid based microgels and their hybrids have been critically reviewed in this article. With minute change in external stimuli such as pH and ionic strength of medium, these microgels show quick swelling/deswelling reversibly. The methacrylic acid based microgels have been widely reported for applications in the area of nanotechnology, drug delivery, sensing and catalysis due to their responsive behaviour. A critical review of current research development in this field along with upcoming perception is presented here. This discussion is concluded with proposed probable future studies for additional growth in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ali
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Lahore , 1-KM Defence road , Main Campus , Lahore 53700 , Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor H. Farooqi
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
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5
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Pulsed plasma surface modified omeprazole microparticles for delayed release application. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Hannappel Y, Wiehemeier L, Dirksen M, Kottke T, Hellweg T. Smart Microgels from Unconventional Acrylamides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Hannappel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Lars Wiehemeier
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maxim Dirksen
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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7
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Yu Y, Brió Pérez M, Cao C, de Beer S. Switching (bio-) adhesion and friction in liquid by stimulus responsive polymer coatings. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Martinez-Moro M, Jenczyk J, Giussi JM, Jurga S, Moya SE. Kinetics of the thermal response of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide co methacrylic acid) hydrogel microparticles under different environmental stimuli: A time-lapse NMR study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:439-448. [PMID: 32711195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Hydrogels of N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid (P(NIPAm-co-MAA)) display pH sensitivity and complex positively charged molecules through carboxylate groups, while having a critical solution temperature at which they reduce in volume and dehydrate. We aimed to elucidate how the responsiveness of MAA to environmental changes alters PNIPAm hydrogels at the molecular level using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Time-lapse NMR allows us to follow the evolution of NMR signal under a temperature stimulus, providing unique information on conformational freedom of the hydrogel polymers. EXPERIMENTS We used time-lapse NMR to follow the evolution of the NMR signal with time over a temperature change from 25 to 40°C and to study the swelling/deswelling kinetics of P(NIPAm-co-MAA) microgels at different pH values and ionic strengths, and in the presence of positively charged molecules complexing carboxylate groups. FINDINGS At acid pH, hydrogel collapse is favored over neutral pH, and at basic pH the carboxylates remain steadily hydrated during temperature increase. Increasing ionic strength results in a faster, more effective collapse than decreasing pH. Complexation of medium-sized molecules with several charges (spermine, spermidine) causes a faster collapse than complexation with large molecular weight poly(allylamine) hydrochloride, but similar to the collapse effected by large poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride. This work opens new perspectives to using time-lapse NMR to study thermoresponsive systems that respond to multiple stimuli, with particular relevance in designing hydrogels for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martinez-Moro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182 C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jacek Jenczyk
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182 C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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9
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Li L, Kim D, Zhai X, Duhamel J. A Pyrene Excimer Fluorescence (PEF) Study of the Interior of Amylopectin in Dilute Solution. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Damin Kim
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiaofang Zhai
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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Al-Tikriti Y, Hansson P. Drug-Eluting Polyacrylate Microgels: Loading and Release of Amitriptyline. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2289-2304. [PMID: 32105083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the loading of an amphiphilic drug, amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT), onto sodium polyacrylate hydrogels at low ionic strength and its release at high ionic strength. The purpose was to show how the self-assembling properties of the drug and the swelling of the gel network influenced the loading/release mechanisms and kinetics, important for the development of improved controlled-release systems for parenteral administration of amphiphilic drugs. Equilibrium studies showed that single microgels (∼100 μm) in a large solution volume underwent a discrete transition between swollen and dense states at a critical drug concentration in the solution. For single macrogels in a small solution volume, the transition progressed gradually with increasing amount of added drug, with swollen and dense phases coexisting in the same gel; in a suspension of microgels, swollen and collapsed particles coexisted. Time-resolved micropipette-assisted microscopy studies showed that drug self-assemblies accumulated in a dense shell enclosing the swollen core during loading and that a dense core was surrounded by a swollen shell during release. The time evolution of the radius of single microgels was determined as functions of liquid flow rate, network size, and AMT concentration in the solution. Mass transport of AMT in the surrounding liquid, and in the dense shell, influenced the deswelling rate during loading. Mass transport in the swollen shell controlled the swelling rate during release. A steady-state kinetic model taking into account drug self-assembly, core-shell phase separation, and microgel volume changes was developed and found to be in semiquantitative agreement with the experimental loading and release data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Al-Tikriti
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Hansson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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North SM, Armes SP. Aqueous solution behavior of stimulus-responsive poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization is used to prepare poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which exhibit stimulus-responsive behaviour on adjusting the solution temperature and/or solution pH.
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12
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Chimisso V, Fodor C, Meier W. Effect of Divalent Cation on Swelling Behavior of Anionic Microgels: Quantification and Dynamics of Ion Uptake and Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13413-13420. [PMID: 31584278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconate) (P(VCL-co-IADME) microgels were synthesized varying the molar ratio between VCL and IADME via free radical precipitation polymerization in the presence of quaternary ammonium surfactant. In order to determine the effect of the divalent metal ions on the structure and the swelling behavior of the microgel systems, both neutral and charged forms of the hydrogels after hydrolysis were investigated. The triggered gel collapse caused by the divalent metal ion together with the quantification of the metal ion uptake was studied in detail by titration and ion chromatography methods and revealed the minimum concentration around 0.1 mM to trigger gel collapse on the treated gels. Uptake and release dynamics of the gels were followed by turbidity measurements and were in the time-range of 2 and 17 s, depending on the composition and the concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Chimisso
- University of Basel , Department of Chemistry , Mattenstrasse 24a , BPR1096, 4002 Basel , Basel-Stadt , Switzerland
| | - Csaba Fodor
- University of Basel , Department of Chemistry , Mattenstrasse 24a , BPR1096, 4002 Basel , Basel-Stadt , Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- University of Basel , Department of Chemistry , Mattenstrasse 24a , BPR1096, 4002 Basel , Basel-Stadt , Switzerland
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13
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Park G, Jung Y. Many-chain effects on the co-nonsolvency of polymer brushes in a good solvent mixture. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7968-7980. [PMID: 31545330 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01123d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes normally swell in a good solvent and collapse in a poor solvent. An abnormal response of polymer brushes, so-called co-nonsolvency, is the phenomenon where the brush counter-intuitively collapses in a good solvent mixture. In this work, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural properties of the grafted polymers in the occurrence of co-nonsolvency. Brushes with various grafting densities were considered to study the effect of topologically excluded volumes on the co-nonsolvency. We found that the brush height follows a novel scaling behavior of the grafting density h ∼ σg0.71 in the co-nonsolvent mixture. Using the scaling exponent and Alexander-de Gennes theory, an analytic function that predicts the monomer density was obtained. The many-chain effects in the co-nonsolvent lead to the formation of both intermolecular and intramolecular bridging structures. Increasing the grafting density entails lower looping events occuring because of the intermolcular bridging, causing diverse structural properties. We report how the average thickness, the polymer orientation, and the looping probability vary as the grafting density increases. Based on these observations, we constructed a phase diagram of the polymer brush system using the average thickness and orientation as order parameters. Our simulations and analytical results reveal the nature of co-nonsolvency in polymer brushes in an explicit way and will help to provide practical guidelines for applications such as drug delivery and sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyehyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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14
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Kim BS, Chen YT, Srinoi P, Marquez MD, Lee TR. Hydrogel-Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica-Coated Gold Nanoshells for Smart Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3422. [PMID: 31336823 PMCID: PMC6678574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A "smart" core@shell composite nanoparticle (NP) having dual-response mechanisms (i.e., temperature and light) was synthesized, and its efficacy in the loading and release of small molecules was explored. These core@shell NPs are composed of an optically active gold nanoshell (GNS) core and a mesoporous (m-) silica layer (m-SiO2). The GNS@m-SiO2 nanoparticles are further encapsulated within a thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel (PNIPAM-co-AA). The multi-responsive composite NPs were designed to create thermally and optically modulated drug-delivery vehicles with a m-SiO2 layer providing additional non-collapsible space for drug storage. The influence of the m-SiO2 layer on the efficacy of loading and release of methylene blue, which serves as a model for a small-molecule therapeutic drug, was evaluated. The "smart" core@shell composite NPs having a m-SiO2 layer demonstrated an improved capacity to load and release small molecules compared to the corresponding NPs with no m-SiO2 shell. Additionally, an efficient response by the composite NPs was successfully induced by the thermal energy generated from the gold nanoshell core upon exposure to near infrared (NIR) stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sang Kim
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Pannaree Srinoi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Maria D Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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15
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Preska Steinberg A, Wang ZG, Ismagilov RF. Food Polyelectrolytes Compress the Colonic Mucus Hydrogel by a Donnan Mechanism. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2675-2683. [PMID: 31244018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systems consisting of a polyelectrolyte solution in contact with a cross-linked polyelectrolyte network are ubiquitous (e.g., biofilms, drug-delivering hydrogels, and mammalian extracellular matrices), yet the underlying physics governing these interactions is not well understood. Here, we find that carboxymethyl cellulose, a polyelectrolyte commonly found in processed foods and associated with inflammation and obesity, compresses the colonic mucus hydrogel (a key regulator of host-microbe interactions and a protective barrier) in mice. The extent of this polyelectrolyte-induced compression is enhanced by the degree of polymer negative charge. Through animal experiments and numerical calculations, we find that this phenomenon can be described by a Donnan mechanism. Further, the observed behavior can be quantitatively described by a simple, one-parameter model. This work suggests that polymer charge should be considered when developing food products because of its potential role in modulating the protective properties of colonic mucus.
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16
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Islam MR, Tumbarello M, Lyon LA. Deswelling Induced Morphological Changes in Dual pH and Temperature Responsive Ultra-Low Crosslinked Poly ( N-isopropyl acrylamide)- co-Acrylic Acid Microgels. Colloid Polym Sci 2019; 297:667-676. [PMID: 34103784 PMCID: PMC8184102 DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels prepared without exogenous crosslinker are extremely "soft" as a result of their very low crosslinking density, with network connectivity arising only from the self-crosslinking of pNIPAm chains. As a result of this extreme softness, our group and others have taken interest in using these materials in a variety of bioengineering applications, while also pursuing studies of their fundamental properties. Here, we report deswelling triggered structural changes in poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (ULC10AAc) microgels prepared by precipitation polymerization. Dynamic light scattering suggests that the deswelling of these particles not only depends on the collapse of the pNIPAm chains but is also influenced by the ionization state of the acrylic acid moieties present in the copolymer. The ULC10AAc microgel behaves like a traditional crosslinked pNIPAm microgel at pH 3.5, showing a sharp decrease in the hydrodynamic diameter around the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of pNIPAm. As the pH is increased to 4.5 we observe multiple transitions in the deswelling curve, suggesting inhomogeneity in the structure and/or composition of the microgels. At pH 6.5 the microgels cease to be thermoresponsive over the studied temperature range due to increased charge repulsion between the fully deprotonated AAc groups and an increase in gel osmotic pressure due to solvated counterion ingress. Atomic force microscopy images of particles deposited at different temperatures reveal a temperature induced morphological change, with punctate structures forming inside microgels at pH 4.5 and 6.5 and temperature above the gel volume phase transition temperature (VPTT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla R. Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
| | - Maddie Tumbarello
- Department of Chemistry, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
| | - L. Andrew Lyon
- Department of Chemistry, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866
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17
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Nguyen NT, Milani AH, Jennings J, Adlam DJ, Freemont AJ, Hoyland JA, Saunders BR. Highly compressive and stretchable poly(ethylene glycol) based hydrogels synthesised using pH-responsive nanogels without free-radical chemistry. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7921-7930. [PMID: 30964497 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01535c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogels are amongst the most studied synthetic hydrogels. However, reports on PEG-based hydrogels with high mechanical strength are limited. Herein, a class of novel, well-defined PEG-based nanocomposite hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength are synthesised via ring-opening reactions of diglycidyl ethers with carboxylate ions. The pH responsive crosslinked polyacid nanogels (NG) in the dispersed phase act as high functionality crosslinkers which covalently bond to the poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ethers (PEGDGE) as the continuous matrix. A series of NG-x-PEG-y-z gels are prepared where x, y and z are concentrations of NGs, PEGDGE and the PEGDGE molecular weight, respectively. The hydrogel compositions and nano-structural homogeneity of the NGs have strong impact on the enhancement of mechanical properties which enables property tuning. Based on this design, a highly compressive PEG-based nanocomposite hydrogel (NG-13-PEG-20-6000) exhibits a compressive stress of 24.2 MPa, compressive fracture strain greater than 98% and a fracture energy density as high as 1.88 MJ m-3. The tensile fracture strain is 230%. This is amongst one of the most compressive PEG-based hydrogels reported to-date. Our chemically crosslinked gels are resilient and show highly recoverable dissipative energy. The cytotoxicity test shows that human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells remained viable after 8 days of culture time. The overall results highlight their potential for applications as replacements for intervertebral discs or articular cartilages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam T Nguyen
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Amir H Milani
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - James Jennings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Daman J Adlam
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anthony J Freemont
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Brian R Saunders
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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18
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Lalehgani Z, Ramazani S.A. A, Tamsilian Y, Shirazi M. Inverse emulsion polymerization of triple monomers of acrylamide, maleic anhydride, and styrene to achieve highly hydrophilic–hydrophobic modified polyacrylamide. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Lalehgani
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering DepartmentSharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Ramazani S.A.
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering DepartmentSharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Yousef Tamsilian
- Petroleum, Gas & Petrochemical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringShahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Mahsa Shirazi
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering DepartmentSharif University of Technology Tehran Iran
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19
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Yang Y, Pu W, Xu X, Wei B, Wood CD. Scalable synthesis of core-shell microgel particles using a 'dry water' method. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2849-2852. [PMID: 30775730 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a facile and scalable 'dry water' method for producing micrometer-sized microgel particles by use of 'water-in-air' droplets as micro-reactors. Solid microgel particles could be easily produced by this method with no further purification. The microgel particles comprise of porous hydrophobic shells and hydrophilic cores and could absorb both oil and water. The swelling of the particles could be triggered by a surfactant under a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Oil & Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Chen Y, Sun P, Zhang Y, Ye Y. Fluorescence anisotropy analysis of comb-type grafted poly( N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)-g-poly( N,N-diethylacrylamide) microgels labeled by acenaphthylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Chen
- Chongqing University of Science and Technology; Chongqing 400050 People's Republic of China
| | - P. Sun
- Chongqing University of Science and Technology; Chongqing 400050 People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Chongqing University of Science and Technology; Chongqing 400050 People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Ye
- Chongqing University of Science and Technology; Chongqing 400050 People's Republic of China
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21
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Microgels from hydrophobic solid monomers via miniemulsion polymerization for aqueous lead and copper ion removal. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Apparent strength versus universality in glasses of soft compressible colloids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16817. [PMID: 30429509 PMCID: PMC6235924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgel colloids, solvent swollen hydrogel particles of microscopic size, are in osmotic equilibrium with their surroundings. This has a profound effect on the behaviour of dense solutions of these polymeric colloids, most notably their ability to swell and deswell depending on the osmotic pressure of the system as a whole. Here we develop a minimal simulation model to treat this intrinsic volume regulation in order to explore the effects this has on the properties of dense solutions close to a liquid-solid transition. We demonstrate how the softness dependent volume regulation of particles gives rise to an apparent change in the fragility of the colloidal glass transition, which can be scaled out through the use of an adjusted volume fraction that accounts for changes in particle size. Moreover, we show how the same model can be used to explain the selective deswelling of soft microgels in a crystalline matrix of harder particles leading to robust crystals free of defects. Our results not only highlight the non-trivial effects of osmotic regulation in governing the apparent physics of microgel suspensions, but also provides a platform to efficiently account for particle deswelling in simulations.
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23
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Kausar A. Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic amide)-polyethylene glycol/polycarbonate and graphene nanoribbon-based nanocomposite membrane for gas separation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2018.1475896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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24
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Go D, Rommel D, Liao Y, Haraszti T, Sprakel J, Kuehne AJC. Dissipative disassembly of colloidal microgel crystals driven by a coupled cyclic reaction network. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:910-915. [PMID: 29379929 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of natural systems rely on the consumption of chemical fuel or input of external energy to control the assembly and disassembly of functional structures on demand. While dissipative assembly has been demonstrated, the control of structural breakdown using a dissipative cycle remains almost unexplored. Here, we propose and realize a dissipative disassembly process using two coupled cyclic reactions, in which protons mediate the interaction between the cycles. We show how an ordered colloidal crystal, can cyclically transform into a disordered state by addition of energy to a chemical cycle, reversibly activating a photoacid. This cycle is coupled to the colloidal assembly cycle via the exchange of protons, which in turn trigger charging of the particles. This system is an experimental realization of a cyclic reaction-assembly network and its principle can be extended to other types of structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Go
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dirk Rommel
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
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25
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Zhang Y, Gu W, Zhao J, Qin Z. A facile, efficient and “green” route to pH-responsive crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid) nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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van der
Scheer P, van de Laar T, van der Gucht J, Vlassopoulos D, Sprakel J. Fragility and Strength in Nanoparticle Glasses. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6755-6763. [PMID: 28658568 PMCID: PMC5530325 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glasses formed from nano- and microparticles form a fascinating testing ground to explore and understand the origins of vitrification. For atomic and molecular glasses, a wide range of fragilities have been observed; in colloidal systems, these effects can be emulated by adjusting the particle softness. The colloidal glass transition can range from a superexponential, fragile increase in viscosity with increasing density for hard spheres to a strong, Arrhenius-like transition for compressible particles. However, the microscopic origin of fragility and strength remains elusive, both in the colloidal and in the atomic domains. Here, we propose a simple model that explains fragility changes in colloidal glasses by describing the volume regulation of compressible colloids in order to maintain osmotic equilibrium. Our simple model provides a microscopic explanation for fragility, and we show that it can describe experimental data for a variety of soft colloidal systems, ranging from microgels to star polymers and proteins. Our results highlight that the elastic energy per particle acts as an effective fragility order parameter, leading to a universal description of the colloidal glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter van der
Scheer
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter and Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ties van de Laar
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter and Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter and Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- FORTH,
Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, 711 10 Heraklion, Greece
- Department
of Materials Science & Technology, University
of Crete, 741 00 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter and Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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27
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Biswas CS, Wang Q, Du B, Stadler FJ. Sorption and desorption properties of random copolymer hydrogels of N
-isopropylacrylamide and N
-ethylacrylamide: Effect of monomer composition. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Biswas
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province; College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University; Shenzhen People's Republic of China
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28
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Schmidt MM, Wu S, Cui Z, Nguyen NT, Faulkner M, Saunders BR. How gold nanoparticles can be used to probe the structural changes of a pH-responsive hydrogel. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5102-5112. [PMID: 28138660 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have UV-visible absorption spectra that are highly sensitive to their local environment due to their surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Furthermore, GNPs are able to quench the fluorescence of suitable dyes depending on the GNP-dye separation. Both of these features have led to the use of GNPs as spectroscopic rulers. In this study we sought to use GNPs as spectroscopic probes to investigate the local structural changes associated with the macroscopic pH-triggered swelling/de-swelling transitions of a pH-responsive hydrogel. The hydrogel used in this study comprised covalently inter-linked pH-responsive poly(ethylacrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-divinyl benzene) microgel particles (MGs). MGs are crosslinked polymer colloids that swell when the pH approaches the pKa of the constituent polymer. The interlinked MG hydrogels are termed doubly crosslinked microgels (DX MGs) and are a new family of hydrogels. They had polymer volume fractions (ϕp) that strongly decreased as the pH increased. UV-visible spectra showed that the wavelength of the SPR absorption (λmax) for the DX MG/GNP gels was pH-responsive. A linear relationship was found between λmax and ϕp for ϕp values up to ∼0.80. The inclusion of Rhodamine 6G within the DX MG/GNP hydrogels resulted in metal-induced fluorescence quenching which was studied using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The extent of quenching was pH-dependent and was also proportional to ϕp. The results of the study showed that the pH-triggered changes of the nanoscale and macroscopic swelling for the DX MGs were similar and imply that affine swelling occurred, which is a new observation. The data suggest that UV-visible or PL spectroscopy could be used to study the swelling of pH-responsive hydrogels containing GNPs remotely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Schmidt
- School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. and Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Shanglin Wu
- School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Zhengxing Cui
- School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nam T Nguyen
- School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Michael Faulkner
- School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Brian R Saunders
- School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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29
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Biswas CS, Wang Q, Galluzzi M, Wu Y, Navale ST, Du B, Stadler FJ. Versatile Mechanical and Thermoresponsive Properties of Macroporous Copolymer Gels. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Biswas
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province; College of Optoelectronic Engineering; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province; College of Optoelectronic Engineering; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Sachin T. Navale
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province; College of Optoelectronic Engineering; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
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30
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Abstract
This review summarizes pH-responsive monomers, polymers and their derivative nano- and micro-structures including micelles, cross-linked micelles, microgels and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kocak
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University
- Eskisehir
- Turkey
| | - C. Tuncer
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University
- Eskisehir
- Turkey
| | - V. Bütün
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University
- Eskisehir
- Turkey
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31
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32
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Han K, Tiwari R, Heuser T, Walther A. Simple Platform Method for the Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Microgels by Modification of Active Ester Latex Particles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1323-30. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Han
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Heuser
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52074 Aachen Germany
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33
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Abstract
Colonic mucus is a key biological hydrogel that protects the gut from infection and physical damage and mediates host-microbe interactions and drug delivery. However, little is known about how its structure is influenced by materials it comes into contact with regularly. For example, the gut abounds in polymers such as dietary fibers or administered therapeutics, yet whether such polymers interact with the mucus hydrogel, and if so, how, remains unclear. Although several biological processes have been identified as potential regulators of mucus structure, the polymeric composition of the gut environment has been ignored. Here, we demonstrate that gut polymers do in fact regulate mucus hydrogel structure, and that polymer-mucus interactions can be described using a thermodynamic model based on Flory-Huggins solution theory. We found that both dietary and therapeutic polymers dramatically compressed murine colonic mucus ex vivo and in vivo. This behavior depended strongly on both polymer concentration and molecular weight, in agreement with the predictions of our thermodynamic model. Moreover, exposure to polymer-rich luminal fluid from germ-free mice strongly compressed the mucus hydrogel, whereas exposure to luminal fluid from specific-pathogen-free mice-whose microbiota degrade gut polymers-did not; this suggests that gut microbes modulate mucus structure by degrading polymers. These findings highlight the role of mucus as a responsive biomaterial, and reveal a mechanism of mucus restructuring that must be integrated into the design and interpretation of studies involving therapeutic polymers, dietary fibers, and fiber-degrading gut microbes.
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34
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Magnetically Triggered Monodispersed Nanocomposite Fabricated by Microfluidic Approach for Drug Delivery. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/1219469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Responsive microgel poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) or PNIPAM is a gel that can swell or shrink in response to external stimuli (temperature, pH, etc.). In this work, a nanocomposite gel is developed consisting of PNIPAM and magnetic iron oxide nanobeads for controlled release of liquids (like drugs) upon exposure to an alternating magnetic field. Microparticles of the nanocomposite are fabricated efficiently with a monodisperse size distribution and a diameter ranging from 20 to 500 µm at a rate of up to 1 kHz using a simple and inexpensive microfluidic system. The nanocomposite is heated through magnetic losses, which is exploited for a remotely stimulated liquid release. The efficiency of the microparticles for controlled drug release applications is tested with a solution of Rhodamine B as a liquid drug model. In continuous and pulsatile mode, a release of 7% and 80% was achieved, respectively. Compared to external thermal actuation that heats the entire surrounding or embedded heaters that need complex fabrication steps, the magnetic actuation provides localized heating and is easy to implement with our microfluidic fabrication method.
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35
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Tiwari R, Heuser T, Weyandt E, Wang B, Walther A. Polyacid microgels with adaptive hydrophobic pockets and ampholytic character: synthesis, solution properties and insights into internal nanostructure by cryogenic-TEM. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8342-8353. [PMID: 26350118 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01327e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microgels with internal and reconfigurable complex nanostructure are emerging as possible adaptive particles, yet they remain challenging to design synthetically. Here, we report the synthesis of highly charged poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) microgels incorporating permanent (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)) and switchable hydrophobic pockets (poly(N,N'-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA)) via emulsion polymerization. We demonstrate detailed tuning of the size, crosslinking density and tailored incorporation of functional comonomers into the polyacid microgels. Analysis via cryo-TEM and pyrene probe measurements reveal switchable hydrophobic pockets inside the microgels as a function of pH. The particles show a rich diversity of internal phase-segregation, that adapts to the surrounding conditions. Large amounts of hydrophobic pockets even lead to hydrophobic bridging between particles. The study shows ways towards tailored polyelectrolyte microgels with narrow dispersity, high charge density, as well as tailored and reconfigurable hydrophobic compartments and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Heuser
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Weyandt
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Baochun Wang
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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36
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Nguyen BT, Wang W, Saunders BR, Benyahia L, Nicolai T. pH-responsive water-in-water Pickering emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3605-3611. [PMID: 25743065 DOI: 10.1021/la5049024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The structure and stability of water-in-water emulsions was investigated in the presence of spherical, pH-sensitive microgels. The emulsions were formed by mixing aqueous solutions of dextran and PEO. The microgels consisted of cross-linked, synthetic polymers with a radius that steeply increased from 60 to 220 nm with increasing pH within a narrow range around 7.0. At all pH values between 5.0 and 7.5, the microgels were preferentially situated at the interface, but only in a narrow range between pH 7.0 and 7.5, the emulsions were stable for at least 1 week. The droplet size was visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy and was found to be smallest in the stable pH range. Emulsions could be stabilized or destabilized by small changes of the pH. Addition of small amounts of salt led to a shift of the pH range where the emulsions were stable. The effects of varying the microgel concentration and the polymer composition were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach T Nguyen
- †LUNAM, Université du Maine, IMMM UMR CNRS 6283, PCI, Le Mans, 72085 Cedex 9, France
| | - Wenkai Wang
- ‡School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R Saunders
- ‡School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Lazhar Benyahia
- †LUNAM, Université du Maine, IMMM UMR CNRS 6283, PCI, Le Mans, 72085 Cedex 9, France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- †LUNAM, Université du Maine, IMMM UMR CNRS 6283, PCI, Le Mans, 72085 Cedex 9, France
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37
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Ocepek M, Berce P, Razboršek T, Zabret J, Meng L, Soucek MD. Influences of feeding strategies on AA and MAA carboxylated latexes. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ocepek
- Helios TBLUS d.o.o.; Količevo 65, SI-1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - Peter Berce
- Helios TBLUS d.o.o.; Količevo 65, SI-1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - Tina Razboršek
- Helios TBLUS d.o.o.; Količevo 65, SI-1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - Jožefa Zabret
- Helios TBLUS d.o.o.; Količevo 65, SI-1230 Domžale Slovenia
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Polymer Engineering; The University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325
| | - Mark D. Soucek
- Department of Polymer Engineering; The University of Akron; Akron Ohio 44325
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SHIMIZU H, NAGAOKA H, WADA R, OKABE M. Preparation and Characterization of pH-Responsive Hydrogel Particles with Acid-Insoluble Carboxy-Containing Monomer. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2015. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2015-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu SHIMIZU
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Hiroki NAGAOKA
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Risei WADA
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Masaru OKABE
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
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39
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Lu A, Moatsou D, Hands-Portman I, Longbottom DA, O’Reilly RK. Recyclable l-Proline Functional Nanoreactors with Temperature-Tuned Activity Based on Core-Shell Nanogels. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1235-1239. [PMID: 35610832 DOI: 10.1021/mz500704y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recyclable core-shell (CS) nanogels based on l-proline-containing hydrophobic cores with a thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shell have been synthesized via a seeded precipitation polymerization process. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the successful addition of the shell and investigate the thermoresponsive properties of the nanostructures. The catalytic activity of the nanogels was assessed in a model asymmetric aldol reaction, where an enhancement was observed with increasing temperature, attributed to the hydrophobic nature of the PNIPAM shell. However, when a nanogel was synthesized with core-shell morphology based on a gradient of cross-linking density in the corona (GS), a dramatic drop in activity was observed at elevated temperatures: the collapse of the outer, lightly cross-linked, "corona" polymer chains appears to block access to the catalytic core. High activity and enantioselectivity were maintained in a number of recovery and reuse cycles, highlighting the recycling potential of these catalytic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annhelen Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A. Longbottom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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40
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The impact of the cononsolvency effect on poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) based microgels at interfaces. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Scherzinger C, Schwarz A, Bardow A, Leonhard K, Richtering W. Cononsolvency of poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM): Microgels versus linear chains and macrogels. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Tiwari R, Hönders D, Schipmann S, Schulte B, Das P, Pester CW, Klemradt U, Walther A. A Versatile Synthesis Platform To Prepare Uniform, Highly Functional Microgels via Click-Type Functionalization of Latex Particles. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402530y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- DWI−Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials Research, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hönders
- DWI−Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials Research, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Schipmann
- II.
Institute of Physics B, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Schulte
- DWI−Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials Research, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paramita Das
- DWI−Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials Research, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian W. Pester
- DWI−Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials Research, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Klemradt
- II.
Institute of Physics B, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI−Leibniz
Institute for Interactive Materials Research, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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43
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Du P, Liu P. Novel smart yolk/shell polymer microspheres as a multiply responsive cargo delivery system. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3060-8. [PMID: 24571375 DOI: 10.1021/la500731v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy was developed to fabricate the novel dually thermo- and pH-responsive yolk/shell polymer microspheres as a drug delivery system (DDS) for the controlled release of anticancer drugs via two-stage distillation precipitation polymerization and seed precipitation polymerization. Their pH-induced thermally responsive polymer shells act as a smart "valve" to adjust the diffusion of the loaded drugs in/out of the polymer containers according to the body environments, while the movable P(MAA-co-EGDMA) cores enhance the drug loading capacity for the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The yolk/shell polymer microspheres show a low leakage at high pH values but significantly enhanced release at lower pH values equivalent to the tumor body fluid environments at human body temperature, exhibiting the apparent tumor-environment-responsive controlled "on-off" drug release characteristics. Meanwhile, the yolk/shell microspheres expressed very low in vitro cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. Consequently, their precise tumor-environment-responsive drug delivery performance and high drug loading capacity offer promise for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
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44
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Comparative thermodynamic study of functional polymeric latex particles with different morphologies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Fuciños C, Fuciños P, Míguez M, Katime I, Pastrana LM, Rúa ML. Temperature- and pH-sensitive nanohydrogels of poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for food packaging applications: modelling the swelling-collapse behaviour. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87190. [PMID: 24520326 PMCID: PMC3919826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) nanohydrogels were synthesized by nanoemulsion polymerization in water-in-oil systems. Several cross-linking degrees and the incorporation of acrylic acid as comonomer at different concentrations were tested to produce nanohydrogels with a wide range of properties. The physicochemical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels, and their relationship with the swelling-collapse behaviour, were studied to evaluate the suitability of PNIPA nanoparticles as smart delivery systems (for active packaging). The swelling-collapse transition was analyzed by the change in the optical properties of PNIPA nanohydrogels using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the nanohydrogels collapse were calculated using a mathematical approach based on the van't Hoff analysis, assuming a two-state equilibrium (swollen to collapsed). A mathematical model is proposed to predict both the thermally induced collapse, and the collapse induced by the simultaneous action of two factors (temperature and pH, or temperature and organic solvent concentration). Finally, van't Hoff analysis was compared with differential scanning calorimetry. The results obtained allow us to solve the problem of determining the molecular weight of the structural repeating unit in cross-linked NIPA polymers, which, as we show, can be estimated from the ratio of the molar heat capacity (obtained from the van't Hoff analysis) to the specific heat capacity (obtained from calorimetric measurements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Fuciños
- Grupo de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Pablo Fuciños
- Grupo de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Martín Míguez
- Grupo de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Issa Katime
- Grupo de Nuevos Materiales y Espectroscopía Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lorenzo M. Pastrana
- Grupo de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - María L. Rúa
- Grupo de Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Chari K, Hsu R, Bhargava P, Figura B, Yang W, Park JH, Clifford T, Kadir M. Surfactant-activated microgels: a new pathway to rheology modification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15521-15528. [PMID: 24304130 DOI: 10.1021/la403723x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Alkali swellable microgels are widely used to control rheology of formulated products containing surfactants. However, formulations based on these pH-responsive polymers show undesirably large changes in yield stress in a range of pH close to the pKa of the acid group. Analysis of the behavior of a cross-linked copolymer of ethyl acrylate and methacrylic acid in the nonionized form (at pH below the pKa of methacrylic acid) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate shows surfactant-mediated swelling (an increase in particle diameter by over 2.5×) and a peak in zero-shear viscosity versus surfactant concentration indicating surfactant-mediated interaction of the swollen microgels. On the basis of these results, we demonstrate a new class of nonionic microgels composed of hydrophobic alkyl acrylates and hydrophilic hydroxyalkyl esters that utilize the effects of surfactant-mediated swelling and interaction to provide pH-independent rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Chari
- Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44141-3201, United States
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47
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Morse AJ, Armes SP, Mills P, Swart R. Stopped-flow kinetics of pH-responsive polyamine latexes: how fast is the latex-to-microgel transition? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15209-15216. [PMID: 24251539 DOI: 10.1021/la403626s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Four poly(ethylene glycol)-stabilized polyamine latexes, namely, poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP), poly(2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PTBAEMA), poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEA), and poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDPA) were prepared via emulsion copolymerization using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a cross-linker at 0.80 mol % for all formulations. According to dynamic light scattering studies, the resulting latexes were near-monodisperse and had approximately constant hydrodynamic diameters of 205-220 nm at pH 10; a latex-to-microgel transition was observed at around the respective pKa of each polyamine on addition of acid. The kinetics of swelling of each latex was investigated by the pH-jump method using a commercial stopped-flow instrument. The most rapid swelling was observed for the P2VP latex, which exhibited a characteristic swelling time (t*) of 5 ms. The corresponding t* values for PTBAEMA and PDEA were 25 and 35 ms, respectively, whereas the PDPA particles exhibited significantly slower swelling kinetics (t* = 180 ms). These t* values could not be correlated with either the latex Tg or the polyamine pKa. However, there is a positive correlation between t* and the repeat unit mass of the amine monomer, which suggests that the cationic charge density of the protonated polymer chains may influence the kinetics of swelling. Alternatively, the observed differences in swelling kinetics may simply reflect subtle differences in the DVB cross-link density, with more uniformly cross-linked latexes being capable of responding more quickly to a pH jump. The kinetics of deswelling for the corresponding microgel-to-latex transition was also briefly investigated for the PTBAEMA and P2VP particles. In both cases, much slower rates of deswelling were observed. This suggests that a latexlike "skin" is formed on the outer surface of the microgel particles during their deprotonation, which significantly retards the excretion of both salt and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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48
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Thermoresponsive poly-(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) microgels: Tailoring particle size by interfacial tension control. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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49
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Ahmad M, Yamin BM, Mat Lazim A. A study on dispersion and characterisation of α-mangostin loaded pH sensitive microgel systems. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:85. [PMID: 23680098 PMCID: PMC3662622 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Mangostin was extracted with methanol from the rind of mangosteen fruit and purified by using silica gel column chromatography technique. The compound is characterised using infrared, (13)C and (1)H NMR as well as UV-vis spectroscopy. The α-mangostin dispersion in colloidal systems was studied by incorporating it with an ionic microgel, poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide)-co-2VP at different pH. RESULT The DLS result showed the size of microgel-α-mangostin mixture declined from 548 nm to 200 nm upon the increment of the pH. Moreover, it was found the morphology of loaded compound depended largely on the nature of the continuous phase of the microgel system. Interestingly, by manipulating the pH, α-mangostin tends to form crystal at extremely low pH and transforms into spherical shapes at pH 6. CONCLUSION This research shows different structures of the α-mangostin particle that are attributed by adjusting the pH using microgel systems as a template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Ahmad
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Bohari M Yamin
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
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50
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Joshi RV, Nelson CE, Poole KM, Skala MC, Duvall CL. Dual pH- and temperature-responsive microparticles for protein delivery to ischemic tissues. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6526-34. [PMID: 23402764 PMCID: PMC3702271 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Injectable "smart" microspheres that are sensitive to both temperature and pH have been fabricated and tested for controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins to ischemic skeletal muscle. A library of copolymers composed of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm), propyl acrylic acid (PAA), and butyl acrylate (BA) was used to fabricate microspheres using a double emulsion method, and an optimal formulation made from copolymers composed of 57 mol.% NIPAAm, 18 mol.% PAA and 25 mol.% BA copolymers was identified. At 37°C and pH representative of ischemic muscle (i.e. pH 5.2-7.2), these microspheres produced sustained, diffusion-controlled release, and at normal, physiological pH (i.e. pH 7.4), they underwent dissolution and rapid clearance. Delivery of fibroblast growth factor 2 was used to confirm that protein bioactivity was retained following microsphere encapsulation/release based on a dose-dependent increase in NIH3T3 fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Microsphere-loaded or free Cy5.5-labeled albumin was injected into ischemic and control gastrocnemii of mice following unilateral induction of hind limb ischemia to model peripheral arterial disease. In the ischemic limb at days 3.5 and 7, there was higher local retention of the protein delivered via microspheres relative to injected free protein (p<0.05). However, clearance of protein delivered via microspheres was equivalent to free protein at later time points that correspond to ischemic recovery in this model. Finally, histological analysis of the gastrocnemius revealed that the polymeric microspheres did not produce any microscopic signs of toxicity near the injection site. These combined results suggest that the pH- and temperature-responsive microspheres presented herein are a promising technological platform for controlled protein delivery to ischemic tissue.
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