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Li R, Lian X, Wang Z, Wang Y. Radical Cation Initiated Surface Polymerization on Photothermal Rubber for Smart Antifouling Coatings. Chemistry 2018; 25:183-188. [PMID: 30325541 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling on surfaces of various materials has attracted considerable attention in biomedical and marine industries. Surface grafting based on covalent surface-initiated polymerization offers a popular route to address this problem by providing diverse robust polymer coatings capable of preventing the biofouling in complex environments. However, the existing methods for synthesizing polymer coatings are complicated and rigorous, or require special catalysts, greatly limiting their practical applications. In this work, a radical-cation-based surface-initiated polymerization protocol to graft the surface of darkened trans-polyisoprene (TPI) rubber with a thermo-responsive smart polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), through a simple iodine doping process is reported. A series of characterizations were performed to provide adequate evidence to confirm the successful grafting. Combining the thermal sensitivity of PNIPAM with the photothermal conversion ability of the darkened rubber, efficient bacteria-killing and antifouling capabilities were successfully achieved as a result of temperature-controlled iodine release and switchable amphiphilicity of PNIPAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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2
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Atanase L, Desbrieres J, Riess G. Micellization of synthetic and polysaccharides-based graft copolymers in aqueous media. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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3
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Hrubý M, Filippov SK, Štěpánek P. Supramolecular structures and self-association processes in polymer systems. Physiol Res 2017; 65:S165-S178. [PMID: 27762583 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-organization in a polymer system appears when a balance is achieved between long-range repulsive and short-range attractive forces between the chemically different building blocks. Block copolymers forming supramolecular assemblies in aqueous media represent materials which are extremely useful for the construction of drug delivery systems especially for cancer applications. Such formulations suppress unwanted physicochemical properties of the encapsulated drugs, modify biodistribution of the drugs towards targeted delivery into tissue of interest and allow triggered release of the active cargo. In this review, we focus on general principles of polymer selforganization in solution, phase separation in polymer systems (driven by external stimuli, especially by changes in temperature, pH, solvent change and light) and on effects of copolymer architecture on the self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Application of polymeric macroporous supports for temperature-responsive chromatography of pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Tai X, Ma JH, Du Z, Wang W, Wu J. A simple method for synthesis of thermal responsive silica nanoparticle/PNIPAAm hybrids. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Wang H, Li J, Zhang X, Ouyang Z, Li Q, Su Z, Wei G. Synthesis, characterization and drug release application of carbon nanotube-polymer nanosphere composites. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40997j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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Dulong V, Mocanu G, Picton L, Le Cerf D. Amphiphilic and thermosensitive copolymers based on pullulan and Jeffamine®: Synthesis, characterization and physicochemical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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JagadeeshBabu P, Suresh Kumar R, Maheswari B. Synthesis and characterization of temperature sensitive P-NIPAM macro/micro hydrogels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Gao F, Tie C, Zhang XX, Niu Z, He X, Ma Y. Star-shaped polymers for DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3037-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Lv C, Chen X, Jing B, Zhao Y, Ma F. Thermo-sensitive amphiphilic supramolecular assembly based on cyclodextrin inclusion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 351:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Kondo K, Kaji N, Toita S, Okamoto Y, Tokeshi M, Akiyoshi K, Baba Y. DNA separation by cholesterol-bearing pullulan nanogels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2010; 4:32210. [PMID: 21045931 PMCID: PMC2967242 DOI: 10.1063/1.3479997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an application of a novel DNA separation matrix, cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP) nanogels, for microchip electrophoresis. The solution of the CHP showed a unique phase transition around 30 mg∕ml and formed gel phase over this critical concentration. This gel phase consists of the weak hydrophobic interactions between the cholesterols could be easily deformed by external forces, and thus, loading process of the CHP nanogels into microchannels became easier. The high concentration of the CHP nanogels provided excellent resolutions especially for small DNA fragments from 100 to 1500 bp. The separation mechanism was discussed based on Ogston and Reptation models which had developed in gels or polymer solutions. The result of a single molecule imaging gave us an insight of the separation mechanism and the nanogel structures as well.
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12
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Lian X, Wu D, Song X, Zhao H. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Asymmetric Macromolecular Brushes. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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13
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Lian X, Jin J, Tian J, Zhao H. Thermoresponsive nanohydrogels cross-linked by gold nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:2261-2268. [PMID: 20669920 DOI: 10.1021/am1003156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive nanohydrogels cross-linked by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions and in situ reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In order to synthesize thermoresponsive nanohydrogels, AuNPs decorated with azide groups (AuNPs-N(3)) were prepared through ligand exchange. Click reactions between AuNPs-N(3) and dialkynetrithiocarbonate yielded cross-linked AuNP aggregates. The size and cross-linking density of AuNP aggregates increased with the molar ratio of acetylene groups to azide groups. After click reactions, the absorption maximum of the plasmon band of AuNPs red-shifted to a long wavelength. Thermoresponsive nanohydrogels were prepared by in situ RAFT polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) using trithiocarbonate in the cross-linked AuNP aggregates as chain-transfer agents. The thermoresponsive nanohydrogels presented a low critical solution temperature at around 32 degrees C due to the "coil-to-globule" transition of connecting PNIPAM chains in the nanohydrogels. The size of the thermoresponsive nanohydrogels was determined by the molar ratio of acetylene groups to azide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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14
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Tizzotti M, Creuzet C, Labeau MP, Hamaide T, Boisson F, Drockenmuller E, Charlot A, Fleury E. Synthesis of Temperature Responsive Biohybrid Guar-Based Grafted Copolymers by Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Tizzotti
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, INSA Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Rhodia Bristol Research & Technical Center, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007
| | - Caroline Creuzet
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, INSA Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Rhodia Bristol Research & Technical Center, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007
| | - Marie-Pierre Labeau
- Rhodia Bristol Research & Technical Center, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007
| | - Thierry Hamaide
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, INSA Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fernande Boisson
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, INSA Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, INSA Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélia Charlot
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, INSA Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Etienne Fleury
- Université de Lyon, F-69361, Lyon, France, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, INSA Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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15
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Zhang X, Jiang X, Zhang X, Dai H. Solution properties of thermothickening copolymers bearing hydrocarbon end-capped oxyethylene units. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Zhao C, Wu D, Lian X, Zhang Y, Song X, Zhao H. Amphiphilic Asymmetric Comb Copolymer with Pendant Pyrene Groups and PNIPAM Side Chains: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:6300-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1007494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang X, Zhou L, Zhang X, Dai H. Synthesis and solution properties of temperature-sensitive copolymers based on NIPAM. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Wu D, Song X, Tang T, Zhao H. Macromolecular brushes synthesized by “grafting from” approach based on “click chemistry” and RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Wan F, He W, Zhang J, Chu B. Reduced matrix viscosity in DNA sequencing by CE and microchip electrophoresis using a novel thermo-responsive copolymer. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2488-98. [PMID: 19639571 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High viscosity is an inherent problem of sequencing matrices made of hydrophilic polymers. This problem is amplified in separations using microchips where the channels are even smaller. A novel thermal-associating graft copolymer, using linear polyacrylamide (LPA) as the backbone and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) as the graft side chain was synthesized. The injection problem could be resolved by introducing PPO side chains that can be assembled by using temperature changes but without an obvious detrimental effect on the sieving ability of the LPA. Viscosity measurement showed that these LPA-g-PPO copolymers had a transition temperature of approximately 40 degrees C, above which a significant increase in viscosity was observed. The sequencing performance depended on the thermal association properties of PPO and related parameters. Without optimization, a read length of 1000 bases with a single base resolution of 0.3 was achieved within an hour on an ABI 310 analyzer, using 1.8 wt% LPA-g-PPO (1.8 MDa, PPO, 0.2%). This novel thermal reversible copolymer solution can be a promising candidate as a viable matrix for DNA sequencing in CE, and even more so in microchip electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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20
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Thermosensitive Block Copolymers Consisting of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Star Shape Oligo(ethylene oxide). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2009. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.7.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Xie D, Ye X, Ding Y, Zhang G, Zhao N, Wu K, Cao Y, Zhu XX. Multistep Thermosensitivity of Poly(N-n-propylacrylamide)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(N,N-ethylmethylacrylamide) Triblock Terpolymers in Aqueous Solutions As Studied by Static and Dynamic Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802801h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinghai Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yanwei Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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22
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Chiang WH, Hsu YH, Chern CS, Chiu HC. Thermally Induced Polymeric Assemblies from the PAAc-Based Copolymer Containing Both PNIPAAm and mPEG Grafts in Water. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4187-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Shyan Chern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, and Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Root BE, Hammock ML, Barron AE. Thermoresponsive N-alkoxyalkylacrylamide polymers as a sieving matrix for high-resolution DNA separations on a microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2009; 29:4677-83. [PMID: 19053065 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for a wide range of DNA separations that require the development of materials to meet the needs of high resolution and high throughput. Here, we demonstrate the use of thermoresponsive N-alkoxyalkylacrylamide polymers as a sieving matrix for DNA separations on a microfluidic chip. The viscosities of the N-alkoxyalkylacrylamide polymers are more than an order of magnitude lower than that of a linear polyacrylamide (LPA) of corresponding molecular weight, allowing rapid loading of the microchip. At 25 degrees C, N-alkoxyalkylacrylamide polymers can provide improved DNA separations compared with LPA in terms of reduced separation time and increased separation efficiency, particularly for the larger DNA fragments. The improved separation efficiency in N-alkoxyalkylacrylamide polymers is attributed to the peak widths increasing only slightly with DNA fragment size, while the peak widths increase appreciably above 150 bp using an LPA matrix. Upon elevating the temperature to 50 degrees C, the increase in viscosity of the N-alkoxyalkylacrylamide solutions is dependent upon their overall degree of hydrophobicity. The most hydrophobic polymers exhibit a lower critical solution temperature below 50 degrees C, undergoing a coil-to-globule transition followed by chain aggregation. DNA separation efficiency at 50 degrees C therefore decreases significantly with increasing hydrophobic character of the polymers, and no separations were possible with solutions with a lower critical solution temperature below 50 degrees C. The work reported here demonstrates the potential for this class of polymers to be used for applications such as PCR product and RFLP sizing, and provides insight into the effect of polymer hydrophobicity on DNA separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Root
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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24
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Metz N, Theato P. Synthesis and Characterization of Base Labile Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Networks Utilizing a Reactive Cross-Linker. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802279v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Metz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Organische Chemie, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Organische Chemie, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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25
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Karakasyan C, Lack S, Brunel F, Maingault P, Hourdet D. Synthesis and Rheological Properties of Responsive Thickeners Based on Polysaccharide Architectures. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2419-29. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800393s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Karakasyan
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
| | - S. Lack
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
| | - F. Brunel
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
| | - P. Maingault
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
| | - D. Hourdet
- Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, UMR 7615, UPMC-CNRS-ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France, and Laboratoires Brothier, Z.A. B.P. 26, 49590 Fontevraud L’Abbaye, France
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26
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Dimitrov I, Trzebicka B, Müller AH, Dworak A, Tsvetanov CB. Thermosensitive water-soluble copolymers with doubly responsive reversibly interacting entities. Prog Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Yang R, Wang Y, Zhou D. Novel hydroxyethylcellulose-graft-poly acrylamide copolymer for separation of double-stranded DNA fragments by CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3223-31. [PMID: 17703467 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel separation medium, hydroxyethylcellulose-graft-polyacrylamide (HEC-g-PAM) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), used for dsDNA separation by CE is presented. The separation performance of HEC-g-PAM, which has the same graft density and different graft length, has been investigated in Tris-boric acid-EDTA (TBE) buffer solvent mixtures. The temperature-dependent rheological behavior of HEC-g-PAM was also studied by steady-shear rheometry. The results showed that dsDNA fragments between 72 and 1353 bp was achieved with a 30 cm effective capillary length at 150 V/cm using this type of graft copolymer as a separation medium in bare fused-silica capillaries, and separation improvement is obtained in HEC-g-PAM compared with HEC and poly(dimethylacrylamide (PDMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmiao Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
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28
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Rzaev ZM, Dinçer S, Pişkin E. Functional copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide for bioengineering applications. Prog Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Wang Q, Xu X, Dai LX. Further Study on Separation of DNA Fragments by Capillary Electrophoresis by Quasi-interpenetrating Network of Polyacryamide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone with UV Detection. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Maeda M. Sequence-Specific Aggregation Behavior of DNA-Carrying Colloidal Nanoparticles Prepared from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-Oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2006107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Wan F, He W, Zhang J, Ying Q, Chu B. Scale-up development of high-performance polymer matrix for DNA sequencing analysis. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3712-23. [PMID: 16960843 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Linear polyacrylamide (LPA) has been widely used as a replaceable separation matrix in CE. An increase in the molecular weight of the separation medium favors the separation of larger DNA fragments. In order to obtain ultrahigh-molecular-weight (UHMW) LPA, a "frozen" method was developed to synthesize the LPA homopolymer. This approach has three major advantages when compared with other existing routes of LPA synthesis: (i) long LPA chains could be obtained easily, with their average molecular weight (MW) being in the high 10 MDa range; (ii) the desired MW could be adjusted over a broad range by controlling the temperature and the concentration of initiators during synthesis; (iii) the product solution contains only a tiny amount of impurity besides the solvent and LPA. Both static and dynamic laser light scattering measurements were carried out to characterize the synthesized LPA in the buffer solution. The DNA sequencing matrix prepared from LPA using this method was studied and the results were compared with the newly developed commercial product POP7 from Applied Biosystems. It should be noted that this approach can be applied to synthesize other water-soluble polymers, resulting in UHMW products because the chain transfer constant is smaller at lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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32
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Zhao H, Chen H, Li Z, Su W, Zhang Q. The synthesis of temperature-sensitive PMMA-coating PNIPAM particles via a rapid microwave-assisted polymerization. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Zhang J, He W, Liang D, Fang D, Chu B, Gassmann M. Designing polymer matrix for microchip-based double-stranded DNA capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1117:219-27. [PMID: 16630623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide (PAM) was used as a model polymer to build up an empirical model that relates polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration and solution viscosity. The desired random copolymers of acrylamide (AM) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) used as DNA separation media for different specifications were synthesized under the guidance of the empirical model. The separation performances of rationally designed copolymers were tested in a 1.2 cm long separation channel, simulating microchip-based capillary electrophoresis. pBR322/HaeIII digest was successfully separated with good separation resolution and fast speed. Validation of the sieving ability of our polymers was performed in the Agilent 2,100 Bioanalyzer. The results of the 10 bp (base pair) DNA ladder separation demonstrate the potential of our approach for the sieving matrix in microchip-based electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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34
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Iijima M, Nagasaki Y. Synthesis of poly[N-isopropylacrylamide-g-poly(ethylene glycol)] with a reactive group at the poly(ethylene glycol) end and its thermosensitive self-assembling character. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Miksík I, Sedláková P, Mikulíková K, Eckhardt A, Cserhati T, Horváth T. Matrices for capillary gel electrophoresis—a brief overview of uncommon gels. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:458-65. [PMID: 16779791 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article gives an overview of uncommon replaceable matrices (gels) for capillary gel electrophoresis. This electrophoretic technique is useful mainly for the separation and analysis of biopolymers-nucleic acids and their fragments, and proteins/peptides. Commonly used gels are not reviewed. Those mentioned and discussed here are gels containing saccharides, newly developed acrylamide-based gels and thermoadjustable viscosity polymers, namely triblock copolymers and grafted polyacrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Miksík
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague.
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36
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Chen H, Zhang Q, Li J, Ding Y, Zhang G, Wu C. Formation of Mesoglobular Phase of PNIPAM-g-PEO Copolymer with a High PEO Content in Dilute Solutions. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma050994j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- Structure Research Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China; and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong
| | - Qijin Zhang
- Structure Research Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China; and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong
| | - Junfang Li
- Structure Research Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China; and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong
| | - Yanwei Ding
- Structure Research Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China; and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Structure Research Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China; and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wu
- Structure Research Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China; and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong
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37
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Zhou P, Yu S, Liu Z, Hu J, Deng Y. Electrophoretic separation of DNA using a new matrix in uncoated capillaries. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1083:173-8. [PMID: 16078704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new separation matrix, consisting of polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and small molecule additive mannitol, was used for double-stranded (ds) DNA and plasmid DNA separation by capillary electrophoresis. The matrix had a low viscosity, which made it very easy to handle. The additive mannitol dramatically enhanced the sieving performance of PNIPAM in TBE buffer. The optimal mannitol concentration 6% in polymer solution, was determined with the consideration of both speed and resolution. A resolution of 0.95 was achieved on the separation of 271/281 bp in the phiX174/HaeIII digest by using 1.5% PNIPAM + 6% mannitol, while the supercoiled, linear and nicked conformers of lambda plasmid were separated in 1% PNIPAM + 6% mannitol, demonstrating the potential use of this new matrix for effective DNA separations. The dramatic impact of mannitol on sieving performance of PNIPAM solution was investigated. pH dependent self-coating ability of PNIPAM was revealed. The presence of mannitol in TBE buffer decreased the pH of the buffer, which led to more efficient self-coating ability of PNIPAM probable due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between PNIPAM molecules and silanol groups at the silica wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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38
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Zhang W, Shi L, Wu K, An Y. Thermoresponsive Micellization of Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in Water. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0509199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, N&T Joint Academy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, N&T Joint Academy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, N&T Joint Academy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingli An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, N&T Joint Academy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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39
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Wang Y, Liang D, Ying Q, Chu B. Quasi-interpenetrating network formed by polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) used in high-performance DNA sequencing analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:126-36. [PMID: 15624193 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-interpenetrating network (IPN) formed by polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) was designed, synthesized, and tested as a high-performance DNA separation medium by capillary electrophoresis. The performance of quasi-IPN on DNA sequencing was determined by the acrylamide to dimethylacrylamide molar ratio, polyacrylamide molecular weight, and its size distribution. Under optimal operating conditions, quasi-IPN was able to achieve one-color DNA sequencing up to 1000 bases in 39 min, or 1200 bases in 60 min. Its performance was compared with some of the existing commercialized products, such as POP6 from Applied Biosystems and MegaBACE matrix from Amersham Biosciences. By using the ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer, even without optimized base-calling software, quasi-IPN yielded a read length of up to 700 bases of contiguous sequence (50-750 bases) in 35 min with 99.6% accuracy, or 750 bases of contiguous sequence (50-800 bases) in 37 min with 98.0% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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40
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Kan CW, Fredlake CP, Doherty EAS, Barron AE. DNA sequencing and genotyping in miniaturized electrophoresis systems. Electrophoresis 2004; 25:3564-88. [PMID: 15565709 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200406161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Advances in microchannel electrophoretic separation systems for DNA analyses have had important impacts on biological and biomedical sciences, as exemplified by the successes of the Human Genome Project (HGP). As we enter a new era in genomic science, further technological innovations promise to provide other far-reaching benefits, many of which will require continual increases in sequencing and genotyping efficiency and throughput, as well as major decreases in the cost per analysis. Since the high-resolution size- and/or conformation-based electrophoretic separation of DNA is the most critical step in many genetic analyses, continual advances in the development of materials and methods for microchannel electrophoretic separations will be needed to meet the massive demand for high-quality, low-cost genomic data. In particular, the development (and commercialization) of miniaturized genotyping platforms is needed to support and enable the future breakthroughs of biomedical science. In this review, we briefly discuss the major sequencing and genotyping techniques in which high-throughput and high-resolution electrophoretic separations of DNA play a significant role. We review recent advances in the development of technology for capillary electrophoresis (CE), including capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) systems. Most of these CE/CAE innovations are equally applicable to implementation on microfabricated electrophoresis chips. Major effort is devoted to discussing various key elements needed for the development of integrated and practical microfluidic sequencing and genotyping platforms, including chip substrate selection, microchannel design and fabrication, microchannel surface modification, sample preparation, analyte detection, DNA sieving matrices, and device integration. Finally, we identify some of the remaining challenges, and some of the possible routes to further advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing and genotyping technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Wai Kan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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41
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Ugaz VM, Elms RD, Lo RC, Shaikh FA, Burns MA. Microfabricated electrophoresis systems for DNA sequencing and genotyping applications: current technology and future directions. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2004; 362:1105-29. [PMID: 15306487 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2003.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Many routine genomic-analysis assays rely on gel electrophoresis to perform size-selective fractionation of DNA fragments in the size range below 1 kb in length. Over the past decade, impressive progress has been made towards the development of microfabricated electrophoresis systems to conduct these assays in a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip format. Since these devices are inexpensive, require only nanolitre sample volumes, and do not rely on the availability of a pre-existing laboratory infrastructure, they are readily deployable in remote field locations for use in a variety of medical and biosensing applications. The design and construction of microfabricated electrophoresis devices poses a variety of challenges, including the need to achieve high-resolution separations over distances of a few centimetres or less, and the need to easily interface with additional microfluidic components to produce self-contained integrated DNA-analysis systems. In this paper, we review recent efforts to develop devices to satisfy these requirements and live up to the promise of fulfilling the growing need for inexpensive portable genomic-analysis equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Ugaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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42
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Characterisation of thermally controlled chain association in aqueous solutions of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-g-poly(ethylene oxide). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Gan D, Lyon L. Fluorescence nonradiative energy transfer analysis of crosslinker heterogeneity in core–shell hydrogel nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Berlinova I, Nedelcheva A, Samichkov V, Ivanov Y. Thermally induced hydrogel formation in aqueous solutions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and fluorocarbon-modified poly(oxyethylene)s. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Buchholz BA, Barron AE. The use of light scattering for precise characterization of polymers for DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4118-28. [PMID: 11824632 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4118::aid-elps4118>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a polymer matrix to separate DNA by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is strongly dependent upon polymer physical properties. In particular, recent results have shown that DNA sequencing performance is very sensitive to both the average molar mass and the average coil radius of the separation matrix polymers, which are affected by both polymer structure and polymer-solvent affinity. Large polymers with high average molar mass provide the best DNA sequencing separations for CE, but are also the most challenging to characterize with accuracy. The methods most commonly used for the characterization of water-soluble polymers with application in microchannel electrophoresis have been gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and intrinsic viscosity measurements, but the limitations and potential inaccuracies of these approaches, particularly for large or novel polymers and copolymers, press the need for a more universally accurate method of polymer molar mass profiling for advanced DNA separation matrices. Here, we show that multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) measurements, carried out either alone or in tandem with prior on-line sample fractionation by GPC, can provide accurate molar mass and coil radius information for polymer samples that are useful for DNA sequencing by CE. Wider employment of MALLS for characterization of novel polymers designed as DNA separation matrices for microchannel electrophoresis should enable more rapid optimization of matrix properties and formulation, and assist in the development of novel classes of polymer matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Buchholz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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46
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Associative graft copolymers comprising a poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) backbone and end-functionalized polyoxyethylene side chains. Synthesis and aqueous solution properties. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Mori T, Maeda M. Formation of DNA-Carrying Colloidal Particle from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-DNA Copolymer and Its Assembly through Hybridization. Polym J 2001. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.33.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Abstract
We review the wide range of polymeric materials that have been employed for DNA sequencing separations by capillary electrophoresis. Intensive research in the area has converged in showing that highly entangled solutions of hydrophilic, high molar mass polymers are required to achieve high DNA separation efficiency and long read length, system attributes that are particularly important for genomic sequencing. The extent of DNA-polymer interactions, as well as the robustness of the entangled polymer network, greatly influence the performance of a given polymer matrix for DNA separation. Further fundamental research in the field of polymer physics and chemistry is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which DNA is separated in dynamic, uncross-linked polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Albarghouthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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49
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Koňák Č, Oupický D, Chytrý V, Ulbrich K, Helmstedt M. Thermally Controlled Association in Aqueous Solutions of Diblock Copolymers of Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Čestmír Koňák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Oupický
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Chytrý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Helmstedt
- Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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