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One-pot synthesis of novel substituted quinoxaline piperazine derivatives and their antimicrobial activities. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bisenieks E, Vigante B, Petrovska R, Turovska B, Muhamadejev R, Soloduns V, Velena A, Pajuste K, Saso L, Klovins J, Duburs G, Mandrika I. The Specificity and Broad Multitarget Properties of Ligands for the Free Fatty Acid Receptors FFA3/GPR41 and FFA2/GPR43 and the Related Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor HCA2/GPR109A. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:987. [PMID: 34681211 PMCID: PMC8537386 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of ligand-receptor interactions postulated as "one compound-one target" has been evolving; a multi-target, pleiotropic approach is now considered to be realistic. Novel series of 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-5-oxoquinolines, pyranopyrimidines and S-alkyl derivatives of pyranopyrimidines have been synthesized in order to characterise their pleiotropic, multitarget activity on the FFA3/GPR41, FFA2/GPR43, and HCA2/GPR109A receptors. Hexahydroquinoline derivatives have been known to exhibit characteristic activity as FFA3/GPR41 ligands, but during this study we observed their impact on FFA2/GPR43 and HCA2/GPR109A receptors as well as their electron-donating activity. Oxopyranopyrimidine and thioxopyranopyrimidine type compounds have been studied as ligands of the HCA2/GPR109A receptor; nevertheless, they exhibited equal or higher activity towards FFA3/GPR41 and FFA2/GPR43 receptors. S-Alkyl derivatives of pyranopyrimidines that have not yet been studied as ligands of GPCRs were more active towards HCA2/GPR109A and FFA3/GPR41 receptors than towards FFA2/GPR43. Representative compounds from each synthesized series were able to decrease the lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and of a chemokine (MCP-1) in THP-1 macrophages, resembling the effect of HCA2/GPR109A ligand niacin and the endogenous ligand propionate. This study revealed groups of compounds possessing multitarget activity towards several receptors. The obtained data could be useful for further development of multitarget ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egils Bisenieks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Brigita Vigante
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Ramona Petrovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Baiba Turovska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Ruslan Muhamadejev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Vitalijs Soloduns
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Astrida Velena
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, University Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Gunars Duburs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (E.B.); (B.V.); (B.T.); (R.M.); (V.S.); (A.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Ilona Mandrika
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (J.K.)
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Richardson P. Applications of fluorine to the construction of bioisosteric elements for the purposes of novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1261-1286. [PMID: 34074189 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1933427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction There continues to be an exponential rise in the number of small molecule drugs that contain either a fluorine atom or a fluorinated fragment. While the unique properties of fluorine enable the precise modulation of a molecule's physicochemical properties, strategic bioisosteric replacement of fragments with fluorinated moieties represents an area of significant growth.Areas covered This review discusses the strategic employment of fluorine substitution in the design and development of bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry. In addition, the classic exploitation of trifluoroethylamine group as an amide bioisostere is discussed. In each of the case studies presented, emphasis is placed on the context-dependent influence of the fluorinated fragment on the overall properties/binding of the compound of interest.Expert opinion Whereas utilization of bioisosteric replacements to modify molecular structures is commonplace within drug discovery, the overarching lesson to be learned is that the chances of success with this strategy significantly increase as the knowledge of the structure/environment of the biological target grows. Coupled to this, breakthroughs and learnings achieved using bioisosteres within a specific program are context-based, and though may be helpful in guiding future intuition, will not necessarily be directly translated to future programs. Another important point is to bear in mind what implications a structural change based on a bioisosteric replacement will have on the candidate molecule. Finally, the development of new methods and reagents for the controlled regioselective introduction of fluorine and fluorinated moieties into biologically relevant compounds particularly in drug discovery remains a contemporary challenge in organic chemistry.
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Gao F, Guo Y, Sun M, Wang Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang K, Yan W. Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Tertiary Carbon Centers Featuring an α-Difluoromethyl Group with CF 2H-CH 2-NH 2 as the "Building Block". Org Lett 2021; 23:2584-2589. [PMID: 33740843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here for the first time a novel difluoromethylated ketimine building block condensed by thioisatin and difluoroethylamine, offering efficient access to a broad range of enantioenriched products bearing difluoroethylamine units (27 examples, ≤98% yield, >99% ee) in the presence of quinine-derived squaramide. Further transformation of the intermediate would generate a variety of versatile functional blocks like α-difluoromethyl amines, β-amino acid, and β-diamine with retention of the enantiomeric excess at the difluoromethyl-bound carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Gao
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Changyan Yang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kairong Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Chen XP, Han J, Hu YJ, Li YF, Wang XC, Ran JX, Wang ZH, Wu FH. Study on the mild, rapid and selective difluorocarbene-mediated triclassification of iododifluoroacetophenone with secondary amines and tree model for product classification. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fotopoulos I, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Hybrids of Coumarin Derivatives as Potent and Multifunctional Bioactive Agents: A Review. Med Chem 2020; 16:272-306. [PMID: 31038071 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190416121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coumarins exhibit a plethora of biological activities, e.g. antiinflammatory and anti-tumor. Molecular hybridization technique has been implemented in the design of novel coumarin hybrids with several bioactive groups in order to obtain molecules with better pharmacological activity and improved pharmacokinetic profile. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we tried to gather as many as possible biologically active coumarin hybrids referred in the literature till now, to delineate the structural characteristics in relation to the activities and to have a survey that might help the medicinal chemists to design new coumarin hybrids with drug-likeness and varied bioactivities. RESULTS The biological activities of the hybrids in most of the cases were found to be different from the biological activities presented by the parent coumarins. The results showed that the hybrid molecules are more potent compared to the standard drugs used in the evaluation experiments. CONCLUSION Conjugation of coumarin with varied pharmacophore groups/druglike molecules responsible for different biological activities led to many novel hybrid molecules, with a multitarget behavior and improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fotopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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7
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Synthesis and solid-state luminescence of highly-substituted 6-amino-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Utilizing the CF2H moiety as a H-bond-donating group in drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:361-365. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Seifert T, Malo M, Kokkola T, Stéen EJL, Meinander K, Wallén EAA, Jarho EM, Luthman K. A scaffold replacement approach towards new sirtuin 2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115231. [PMID: 31848116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are an evolutionary conserved family of NAD+-dependent protein deacylases regulating the acylation state of ε-N-lysine residues of proteins thereby controlling key biological processes. Numerous studies have found association of the aberrant enzymatic activity of SIRTs with various diseases like diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Previously, we have shown that substituted 2-alkyl-chroman-4-one/chromone derivatives can serve as selective inhibitors of SIRT2 possessing an antiproliferative effect in two human cancer cell lines. In this study, we have explored the bioisosteric replacement of the chroman-4-one/chromone core structure with different less lipophilic bicyclic scaffolds to overcome problems associated to poor physiochemical properties due to a highly lipophilic substitution pattern required for achieve a good inhibitory effect. Various new derivatives based on the quinolin-4(1H)-one scaffold, bicyclic secondary sulfonamides or saccharins were synthesized and evaluated for their SIRT inhibitory effect. Among the evaluated scaffolds, the benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide-based compounds showed the highest SIRT2 inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling studies gave insight into the binding mode of the new scaffold-replacement analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Seifert
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Marcus Malo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tarja Kokkola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Johanna L Stéen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kristian Meinander
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A A Wallén
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina M Jarho
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristina Luthman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Rull SG, Olmos A, Pérez PJ. Gold-catalyzed ethylene cyclopropanation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:67-71. [PMID: 30680040 PMCID: PMC6334794 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene can be directly converted into ethyl 1-cyclopropylcarboxylate upon reaction with ethyl diazoacetate (N2CHCO2Et, EDA) in the presence of catalytic amounts of IPrAuCl/NaBArF4 (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene; BArF4 = tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G Rull
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Andrea Olmos
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen 21007 Huelva, Spain
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Li G, D’Auria J, Kumar Katakam N, W. Seifert C. Efficient Synthesis of Methyl (S)-4-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-3-oxobutanoate as the Key Intermediate for Tropane Alkaloid Biosynthesis with Optically Active Form. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Discovery of coumarin-dihydroquinazolinone analogs as niacin receptor 1 agonist with in-vivo anti-obesity efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:208-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Two cardiovascular outcome trials established niacin 3 g daily prevents hard cardiac events. However, as detailed in part I of this series, an extended-release (ER) alternative at only 2 g nightly demonstrated no comparable benefits in two outcome trials, implying the alternative is not equivalent to the established cardioprotective regimen. Since statins leave a significant treatment gap, this presents a major opportunity for developers. Importantly, the established regimen is cardioprotective, so the pathway is likely beneficial. Moreover, though effective, the established cardioprotective regimen is cumbersome, limiting clinical use. At the same time, the ER alternative has been thoroughly discredited as a viable substitute for the established cardioprotective regimen. Therefore, by exploiting the pathway and skillfully avoiding the problems with the established cardioprotective regimen and the ER alternative, developers could validate cardioprotective variations facing little meaningful competition from their predecessors. Thus, shrewd developers could effectively tap into a gold mine at the grave of the ER alternative. The GPR109A receptor was discovered a decade ago, leading to a large body of evidence commending the niacin pathway to a lower cardiovascular risk beyond statins. While mediating niacin's most prominent adverse effects, GPR109A also seems to mediate anti-lipolytic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects of niacin. Several developers are investing heavily in novel strategies to exploit niacin's therapeutic pathways. These include selective GPR109A receptor agonists, niacin prodrugs, and a niacin metabolite, with encouraging early phase human data. In part II of this review, we summarize the accumulated results of these early phase studies of emerging niacin mimetics.
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Gangadhara KL, Srivastava P, Rozenski J, Mattelaer HP, Leen V, Dehaen W, Hofkens J, Lescrinier E, Herdewijn P. Design and synthesis of nucleolipids as possible activated precursors for oligomer formation via intramolecular catalysis: stability study and supramolecular organization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:5. [PMID: 25558290 PMCID: PMC4279058 DOI: 10.1186/s13322-014-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid vesicles are an important part of protocell models currently studied. As protocells can be considered as pre-biological precursors of cells, the models try to contribute to a better understanding of the (cellular) origin of life and emphasize on 2 major aspects: compartmentalization and replication. It has been demonstrated that lipid-based membranes are amenable to growth and division (shell replication). Furthermore compartmentalization creates a unique micro-environment in which biomolecules can accumulate and reactions can occur. Pioneering research by Sugawara, Deamer, Luisi, Szostak and Rasmussen gave more insight in obtaining autocatalytic, self-replicating vesicles capable of containing and reproducing nucleic acid sequences (core replication). Linking both core and shell replication is a challenging feat requiring thorough understanding of membrane dynamics and (auto)catalytic systems. A possible solution may lie in a class of compounds called nucleolipids, who combine a nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleobase with a lipophilic moiety. Early contributions by the group of Yanagawa mentions the prebiotic significance (as a primitive helical template) arising from the supramolecular organization of these compounds. Further contributions, exploring the supramolecular scope regarding phospoliponucleosides (e.g. 5'-dioleylphosphatidyl derivatives of adenosine, uridine and cytidine) can be accounted to Baglioni, Luisi and Berti. This emerging field of amphiphiles is being investigated for surface behavior, supramolecular assembly and even drug ability. RESULTS A series of α/β-hydroxy fatty acids and α-amino fatty acids, covalently bound to nucleoside-5'-monophosphates via a hydroxyl or amino group on the fatty acid was examined for spontaneous self-assembly in spherical aggregates and their stability towards intramolecular cleavage. Staining the resulting hydrophobic aggregates with BODIPY-dyes followed by fluorescent microscopy gave several distinct images of vesicles varying from small, isolated spheres to higher order aggregates and large, multimicrometer sized particles. Other observations include rod-like vesicle precursors. NMR was used to assess the stability of a representative sample of nucleolipids. 1D 31P NMR revealed that β-hydroxy fatty acids containing nucleotides were pH-stable while the α-analogs are acid labile. Degradation products identified by [1H-31P] heteroTOCSY revealed that phosphoesters are cleaved between sugar and phosphate, while phosphoramidates are also cleaved at the lipid-phosphate bond. For the latter compounds, the ratio between both degradation pathways is influenced by the nucleobase moiety. However no oligomerization of nucleotides was observed; nor the formation of 3'-5'-cyclic nucleotides, possible intermediates for oligonucleotide synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The nucleolipids with a deoxyribose sugar moiety form small or large vesicles, rod-like structures, vesicle aggregates or large vesicles. Some of these aggregates can be considered as intermediate forms in vesicle formation or division. However, we could not observe nucleotide polymerization or cyclic nucleotide function of these nucleolipids, regardless of the sugar moiety that is investigated (deoxyribose, ribose, xylose). To unravel this observation, the chemical stability of the constructs was studied. While the nucleolipids containing β-hydroxy fatty acids are stable as well in base as in acid circumstances, others degraded in acidic conditions. Phosphoramidate nucleolipids hydrolyzed by P-N as well as P-O bond cleavage where the ratio between both pathways depends on the nucleobase. Diester constructs with an α-hydroxy stearic acid degraded exclusively by hydrolysis of the 5'-O-nucleoside ester bond. As the compounds are too stable and harsh conditions would destruct the material itself, more reactive species such as lipid imidazolates of nucleotides need to be synthesized to further analyze the potential polymerization process. Graphical AbstractVesicle information of a nucleolipid consisting of a nucleoside 5'-monophosphate and a α-hydroxy fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Lingam Gangadhara
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Minderbroederstraat-10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Puneet Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Minderbroederstraat-10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Rozenski
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Minderbroederstraat-10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henri-Philippe Mattelaer
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Minderbroederstraat-10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ; Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Volker Leen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Lescrinier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Minderbroederstraat-10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Minderbroederstraat-10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Palani A, Rao AU, Chen X, Huang X, Su J, Tang H, Huang Y, Qin J, Xiao D, Degrado S, Sofolarides M, Zhu X, Liu Z, McKittrick B, Zhou W, Aslanian R, Greenlee WJ, Senior M, Cheewatrakoolpong B, Zhang H, Farley C, Cook J, Kurowski S, Li Q, van Heek M, Wang G, Hsieh Y, Li F, Greenfeder S, Chintala M. Discovery of SCH 900271, a Potent Nicotinic Acid Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:63-8. [PMID: 24900372 DOI: 10.1021/ml200243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-guided optimization of a series of C-5 alkyl substituents led to the discovery of a potent nicotinic acid receptor agonist SCH 900271 (33) with an EC50 of 2 nM in the hu-GPR109a assay. Compound 33 demonstrated good oral bioavailability in all species. Compound 33 exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) with 50% FFA reduction at 1.0 mg/kg in fasted male beagle dogs. Compound 33 had no overt signs of flushing at doses up to 10 mg/kg with an improved therapeutic window to flushing as compared to nicotinic acid. Compound 33 was evaluated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandan Palani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ashwin U. Rao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xianhai Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Haiqun Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dong Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sylvia Degrado
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Sofolarides
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian McKittrick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert Aslanian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William J. Greenlee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mary Senior
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Boonlert Cheewatrakoolpong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Constance Farley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John Cook
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stan Kurowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Margaret van Heek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Gangfeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yunsheng Hsieh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Fangbiao Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Scott Greenfeder
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Madhu Chintala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Biology, and §Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Huang X, Su J, Rao AU, Tang H, Zhou W, Zhu X, Chen X, Liu Z, Huang Y, Degrado S, Xiao D, Qin J, Aslanian R, McKittrick BA, Greenfeder S, Heek MV, Chintala M, Palani A. SAR studies of C2 ethers of 2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H)-triones as nicotinic acid receptor (NAR) agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:854-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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