1
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Li W, Lin J, Huang S, Liu Q, Wei W, Li X. Cycloaddition of N-arylnitrones with donor-acceptor oxiranes via C-C bond cleavage to construct 1,5,2-dioxazinanes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6778-6782. [PMID: 37564027 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00375b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly functionalized 1,5,2-dioxazinanes could be smoothly produced via a Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed chemoselective [3 + 3] cycloaddition of various N-arylnitrones with a series of donor-acceptor oxiranes. This reaction involves in situ generation of 1,3-dipoles through Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage of oxiranes and moderate to high yields were obtained for most substrates. This transformation features C-C bond cleavage of donor-acceptor oxiranes, accessible starting materials and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Jianying Lin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Shuangping Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Wenlong Wei
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Xing Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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2
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Presnukhina SI, Tarasenko MV, Geyl KK, Baykova SO, Baykov SV, Shetnev AA, Boyarskiy VP. Unusual Formation of 1,2,4-Oxadiazine Core in Reaction of Amidoximes with Maleic or Fumaric Esters. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217508. [PMID: 36364335 PMCID: PMC9655267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a simple and convenient method for the synthesis of 3-aryl- and 3-hetaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-ones bearing an easily functionalizable (methoxycarbonyl)methyl group at position 6 via the reaction of aryl or hetaryl amidoximes with maleates or fumarates. The conditions for this reaction were optimized. Different products can be synthesized selectively in good yields depending on the base used and the ratio of reactants: substituted (1,2,4-oxadiazin-6-yl)acetic acids, corresponding methyl esters, or hybrid 3-(aryl)-6-((3-(aryl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-ones. The reaction is tolerant to substituents’ electronic and steric effects in amidoximes. As a result, a series of 2-(5-oxo-3-(p-tolyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-6-yl)acetic acids, their methyl esters, and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles based on them were prepared and characterized by HRMS, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structures of three of them were elucidated with X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I. Presnukhina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina V. Tarasenko
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Centre, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Kirill K. Geyl
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana O. Baykova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton A. Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Centre, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, 108 Respublikanskaya St., 150000 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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3
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Ahmed A, Sakander N, Rasool F, Hussain N, Mukherjee D. Diastereoselective synthesis of glycopyrans 1,2-annulated with dioxazinanes from 1,2-anhydrosugars and N-substituted nitrones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1436-1443. [PMID: 35081611 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Annulated pyranose sugars fused with six membered rings have emerged as an important class of carbohydrates with wide biological and synthetic utility. We now describe zinc chloride catalyzed one pot diastereoselective synthesis of sugar fused dioxazinanes from 1,2-anhydro sugars and N-substituted aromatic nitrones. Various aromatic nitrones with different substituents undergo the reaction smoothly. The developed strategy works well with both ester and ether protection on the sugar and proceeds under mild reaction conditions. The mechanism seems to involve activation of the anhydrosugar by ZnCl2 for nucleophilic attack by the nitrone followed by cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmed
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu-180001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-IIIM), Jammu-180001, India
| | - Norein Sakander
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu-180001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-IIIM), Jammu-180001, India
| | - Faheem Rasool
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu-180001, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Govt. College for Women, Parade Ground, Jammu-180001, India.,Higher Education Department, Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nazar Hussain
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu-180001, India. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Instituteof Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu-180001, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR-IIIM), Jammu-180001, India
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4
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Santiago Á, Guzmán-Ocampo DC, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Dominguez L. Characterizing the Chemical Space of γ-Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2765-2775. [PMID: 34291906 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase (GS) is one of the most attractive molecular targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its key role in the final step of amyloid-β peptides generation and its relationship in the cascade of events for disease development have caught the attention of many pharmaceutical groups. Over the past years, different inhibitors and modulators have been evaluated as promising therapeutics against AD. However, despite the great chemical diversity of the reported compounds, a global classification and visual representation of the chemical space for GS inhibitors and modulators remain unavailable. In the present work, we carried out a two-dimensional (2D) chemical space analysis from different classes and subclasses of GS inhibitors and modulators based on their structural similarity. Along with the novel structural information available for GS complexes, our analysis opens the possibility to identify compounds with high molecular similarity, critical to finding new chemical structures through the optimization of existing compounds and relating them with a potential binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Santiago
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dulce C. Guzmán-Ocampo
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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5
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Zhang L, Su J, Xu X. Design and Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazine Derivatives as Promising Fungicide and Insecticide Lead Compound. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Mekala S, Nelson G, Li YM. Recent developments of small molecule γ-secretase modulators for Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1003-1022. [PMID: 33479693 PMCID: PMC7513388 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of progressive neurodegenerative disorder, marked by memory loss and a decline in cognitive function. The major hallmarks of AD are the presence of intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and extracellular plaques composed of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ). The amyloid (Aβ) cascade hypothesis proposes that the AD pathogenesis is initiated by the accumulation of Aβ peptides in the parenchyma of the brain. An aspartyl intramembranal protease called γ-secretase is responsible for the production of Aβ by the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Clinical studies of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) for AD failed due to the lack of substrate specificity. Therefore, γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) have been developed as potential disease modifying agents to modulate the γ-secretase cleavage activity towards the production of toxic Aβ42 peptides. Following the first-generation 'nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug' (NSAID) based GSMs, second-generation GSMs (carboxylic acid based NSAID derivatives and non-NSAID derived heterocyclic analogues), as well as natural product-based GSMs, have been developed. In this review, we focus on the recent developments of small molecule-based GSMs that show potential improvements in terms of drug-like properties as well as their current status in human clinical trials and the future perspectives of GSM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekar Mekala
- Chemical Biology Program , Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , USA . ;
| | - Grady Nelson
- Chemical Biology Program , Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , USA . ;
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program , Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue , New York , New York 10065 , USA . ;
- Pharmacology Graduate Program , Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University , New York , New York 10021 , USA
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7
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Zhao J, Liu X, Xia W, Zhang Y, Wang C. Targeting Amyloidogenic Processing of APP in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:137. [PMID: 32848600 PMCID: PMC7418514 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of senile dementia, characterized by neurofibrillary tangle and amyloid plaque in brain pathology. Major efforts in AD drug were devoted to the interference with the production and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Aβ is generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP), by consecutive cleavage by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Therefore, β-secretase and γ-secretase inhibition have been the focus for AD drug discovery efforts for amyloid reduction. Here, we review β-secretase inhibitors and γ-secretase inhibitors/modulators, and their efficacies in clinical trials. In addition, we discussed the novel concept of specifically targeting the γ-secretase substrate APP. Targeting amyloidogenic processing of APP is still a fundamentally sound strategy to develop disease-modifying AD therapies and recent advance in γ-secretase/APP complex structure provides new opportunities in designing selective inhibitors/modulators for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Weiming Xia
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
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8
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Mandal M, Buevich A, Caldwell JP, Hyde L, Huang X, Liu X, McKittrick B, Mazzola RD, Pissarnitski D, Palani A, Zhang L, Parker E, Xiao L, Rindgen D, Zhu Z. Generation of Leads for γ-Secretase Modulation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8216-8230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Department of NMR Structure Elucidation, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John P. Caldwell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn Hyde
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xianhai Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian McKittrick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert D. Mazzola
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dmitri Pissarnitski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Anandan Palani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Diane Rindgen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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9
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Cheng X, Cao X, Zhou S, Cai B, He X, Xuan J. Transition‐Metal Free Construction of Isoquinoline‐fused Triazines Containing Alkenyl C−X Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang‐Jing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Bao‐Gui Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang‐Kui He
- Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized MaterialsAnhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui University, Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
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10
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Kumar D, Ganeshpurkar A, Kumar D, Modi G, Gupta SK, Singh SK. Secretase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Long road ahead. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:436-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Johnson DS, Li YM, Pettersson M, St George-Hyslop PH. Structural and Chemical Biology of Presenilin Complexes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024067. [PMID: 28320827 PMCID: PMC5710098 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presenilin proteins are the catalytic subunits of a tetrameric complex containing presenilin 1 or 2, anterior pharynx defective 1 (APH1), nicastrin, and PEN-2. Other components such as TMP21 may exist in a subset of specialized complexes. The presenilin complex is the founding member of a unique class of aspartyl proteases that catalyze the γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage of the transmembrane domains of Type I membrane proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. Here, we detail the structural and chemical biology of this unusual enzyme. Taken together, these studies suggest that the complex exists in several conformations, and subtle long-range (allosteric) shifts in the conformation of the complex underpin substrate access to the catalytic site and the mechanism of action for allosteric inhibitors and modulators. Understanding the mechanics of these shifts will facilitate the design of γ-secretase modulator (GSM) compounds that modulate the relative efficiency of γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage and/or substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter H. St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
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12
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Zhao Z, Pissarnitski DA, Huang X, Palani A, Zhu Z, Greenlee WJ, Hyde LA, Song L, Terracina G, Zhang L, Parker EM. Discovery of a Tetrahydrobenzisoxazole Series of γ-Secretase Modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1002-1006. [PMID: 29057041 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new series of tetrahydrobenzisoxazoles as modulators of γ-secretase activity and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) will be detailed. Several compounds are active γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) with good to excellent selectivity for the reduction of Aβ42 in the cellular assay. Compound 14a was tested in vivo in a nontransgenic rat model and was found to significantly reduce Aβ42 in the CNS compartment compared to vehicle-treated animals (up to 58% reduction of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 as measured 3 h after an acute oral dosing at 30 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dmitri A. Pissarnitski
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xianhai Huang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Anandan Palani
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William J. Greenlee
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Department of Neurobiology, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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13
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Jia Q, Li D, Lang M, Zhang K, Wang J. 4-Dimethylaminopyridine-Mediated [3+3] Cycloaddition of Aza-oxyallyl Cations and Nitrones. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianfa Jia
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering; Wuyi University; Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering; Wuyi University; Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen); Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering; Wuyi University; Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
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14
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Gao Y, Hu Z, Dong J, Liu J, Xu X. Chemoselective Double Annulation of Two Different Isocyanides: Rapid Access to Trifluoromethylated Indole-Fused Heterocycles. Org Lett 2017; 19:5292-5295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelei Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional
Molecular Design and Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhongyan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional
Molecular Design and Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jinhuan Dong
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional
Molecular Design and Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional
Molecular Design and Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes,
Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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15
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Kuruba BK, Vasanthkumar S. An efficient protocol for the synthesis of six-membered N, O-heterocycles via a 1,3-dipolar (3+3) cycloaddition between nitrile oxide and α-diazo esters. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Shetnev AA, Zubkov FI. The latest advances in chemistry of 1,2,4-oxadiazines (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Bursavich MG, Harrison BA, Acharya R, Costa DE, Freeman EA, Hodgdon HE, Hrdlicka LA, Jin H, Kapadnis S, Moffit JS, Murphy DA, Nolan S, Patzke H, Tang C, Wen M, Koenig G, Blain JF, Burnett DA. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Novel Series of Oxadiazine Gamma Secretase Modulators for Familial Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2383-2400. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Bursavich
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals, 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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Miller SP, Morris WJ, Orr RK, Eckert J, Milan J, Maust M, Cowden C, Cui J. Synthesis of the γ-Secretase Modulator MK-8428. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2957-2964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Miller
- Department of Process Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - William J. Morris
- Department of Process Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Robert K. Orr
- Department of Process Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey Eckert
- Department of Process Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jay Milan
- Department of Process Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mathew Maust
- Department of Process Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cameron Cowden
- Department of Process Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Process Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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γ-Secretase Modulators as Aβ42-Lowering Pharmacological Agents to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Liu Y, Ao J, Paladhi S, Song CE, Yan H. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Dioxazinanes and Dioxazepanes with in Situ Generated Nitrones via a Tandem Reaction Pathway Using a Cooperative Cation Binding Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16486-16492. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Liu
- Innovative
Drug Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Ao
- Innovative
Drug Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Sushovan Paladhi
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Choong Eui Song
- Department
of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hailong Yan
- Innovative
Drug Research Centre (IDRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Bursavich MG, Harrison BA, Blain JF. Gamma Secretase Modulators: New Alzheimer's Drugs on the Horizon? J Med Chem 2016; 59:7389-409. [PMID: 27007185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly aging population desperately requires new therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Despite years of pharmaceutical research, limited clinical success has been realized, with several failed disease modification therapies in recent years. On the basis of compelling genetic evidence, the pharmaceutical industry has put a large emphasis on brain beta amyloid (Aβ) either through its removal via antibodies or by targeting the proteases responsible for its production. In this Perspective, we focus on the development of small molecules that improve the activity of one such protease, gamma secretase, through an allosteric binding site to preferentially increase the concentration of the shorter non-amyloidogenic Aβ species. After a few early failures due to poor drug-like properties, the industry is now on the cusp of delivering gamma secretase modulators for clinical proof-of-mechanism studies that combine potency and efficacy with improved drug-like properties such as lower cLogP, high central nervous system multiparameter optimization scores, and high sp(3) character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Bursavich
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bryce A Harrison
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jean-François Blain
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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Pathipati SR, Singh V, Eriksson L, Selander N. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Annulation of Nitrones with Oxiranes, Aziridines, and Thiiranes. Org Lett 2015; 17:4506-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stalin R. Pathipati
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials and Environmental
Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vipender Singh
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials and Environmental
Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials and Environmental
Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicklas Selander
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials and Environmental
Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Potent benzoazepinone γ-secretase modulators with improved bioavailability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pettersson M, Stepan AF, Kauffman GW, Johnson DS. Novel γ-secretase modulators for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a review focusing on patents from 2010 to 2012. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1349-66. [PMID: 23875696 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.821465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION γ-Secretase is the enzyme responsible for the final step of amyloid precursor protein proteolysis to generate Aβ peptides including Aβ42 which is believed to be a toxic species involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) have been shown to selectively lower Aβ42 production without affecting total Aβ levels or the formation of γ-secretase substrate intracellular domains such as APP intracellular domain and Notch intracellular domain. Therefore, GSMs have emerged as an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD. AREAS COVERED The literature covering novel GSMs will be reviewed focusing on patents from 2010 to 2012. EXPERT OPINION During the last review period (2008 - 2010) considerable progress was made developing GSMs with improved potency for lowering Aβ42 levels, but most of the compounds resided in unfavorable central nervous system (CNS) drug space. In this review period (2010 - 2012), there is a higher percentage of potent GSM chemical matter that resides in favorable CNS drug space. It is anticipated that clinical candidates will emerge out of this cohort that will be able to test the GSM mechanism of action in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pettersson
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 700 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139 , USA
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Pal’chikov VA. Morpholines. Synthesis and biological activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013060018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Crump CJ, Johnson DS, Li YM. Development and mechanism of γ-secretase modulators for Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3197-216. [PMID: 23614767 DOI: 10.1021/bi400377p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γ-Secretase is an aspartyl intramembranal protease composed of presenilin, Nicastrin, Aph1, and Pen2 with 19 transmembrane domains. γ-Secretase cleaves the amyloid precursor proteins (APP) to release Aβ peptides that likely play a causative role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, γ-secretase cleaves Notch and other type I membrane proteins. γ-Secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been developed and used for clinical studies. However, clinical trials have shown adverse effects of GSIs that are potentially linked with nondiscriminatory inhibition of Notch signaling, overall APP processing, and other substrate cleavages. Therefore, these findings call for the development of disease-modifying agents that target γ-secretase activity to lower levels of Aβ42 production without blocking the overall processing of γ-secretase substrates. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) originally derived from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display such characteristics and are the focus of this review. However, first-generation GSMs have limited potential because of the low potency and undesired neuropharmacokinetic properties. This generation of GSMs has been suggested to interact with the APP substrate, γ-secretase, or both. To improve the potency and brain availability, second-generation GSMs, including NSAID-derived carboxylic acid and non-NSAID-derived heterocyclic chemotypes, as well as natural product-derived GSMs have been developed. Animal studies of this generation of GSMs have shown encouraging preclinical profiles. Moreover, using potent GSM photoaffinity probes, multiple studies unambiguously have showed that both carboxylic acid and heterocyclic GSMs specifically target presenilin, the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase. In addition, two types of GSMs have distinct binding sites within the γ-secretase complex and exhibit different Aβ profiles. GSMs induce a conformational change of γ-secretase to achieve modulation. Various models are proposed and discussed. Despite the progress of GSM research, many outstanding issues remain to be investigated to achieve the ultimate goal of developing GSMs as effective AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Crump
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center , 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Li H, Qin J, Dhondi P, Zhou W, Vicarel M, Bara T, Cole D, Josien H, Pissarnitski D, Zhu Z, Palani A, Aslanian R, Clader J, Czarniecki M, Greenlee W, Cohen-Williams M, Hyde L, Song L, Zhang L, Chu I, Huang X. The discovery of fused oxadiazepines as gamma secretase modulators for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:466-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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