1
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Dekkers S, Caspar B, Goulding J, Kindon ND, Kilpatrick LE, Stoddart LA, Briddon SJ, Kellam B, Hill SJ, Stocks MJ. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Ligands for the CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5208-5222. [PMID: 36944083 PMCID: PMC10108349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, or CXCR4, is a chemokine receptor found to promote cancer progression and metastasis of various cancer cell types. To investigate the pharmacology of this receptor, and to further elucidate its role in cancer, novel chemical tools are a necessity. In the present study, using classic medicinal chemistry approaches, small-molecule-based fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized based on previously reported small-molecule antagonists. Here, we report the development of three distinct chemical classes of fluorescent probes that show specific binding to the CXCR4 receptor in a novel fluorescence-based NanoBRET binding assay (pKD ranging 6.6-7.1). Due to their retained affinity at CXCR4, we furthermore report their use in competition binding experiments and confocal microscopy to investigate the pharmacology and cellular distribution of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dekkers
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Birgit Caspar
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Joëlle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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2
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Ayre J, Redmond JM, Vitulli G, Tomlinson L, Weaver R, Comeo E, Bosquillon C, Stocks MJ. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Lung-Retentive Prodrugs for Extending the Lung Tissue Retention of Inhaled Drugs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9802-9818. [PMID: 35798565 PMCID: PMC9340777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A major limitation
of pulmonary delivery is that drugs can exhibit
suboptimal pharmacokinetic profiles resulting from rapid elimination
from the pulmonary tissue. This can lead to systemic side effects
and a short duration of action. A series of dibasic dipeptides attached
to the poorly lung-retentive muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist piperidin-4-yl
2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetate (1) through a pH-sensitive-linking
group have been evaluated. Extensive optimization resulted in 1-(((R)-2-((S)-2,6-diaminohexanamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy)ethyl
4-(2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (23), which combined very good in vitro stability and
very high rat lung binding. Compound 23 progressed to
pharmacokinetic studies in rats, where, at 24 h post dosing in the
rat lung, the total lung concentration of 23 was 31.2
μM. In addition, high levels of liberated drug 1 were still detected locally, demonstrating the benefit of this novel
prodrug approach for increasing the apparent pharmacokinetic half-life
of drugs in the lungs following pulmonary dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ayre
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Joanna M Redmond
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Giovanni Vitulli
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laura Tomlinson
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Richard Weaver
- XenoGesis Ltd, Discovery Building, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, U.K
| | - Eleonora Comeo
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Cynthia Bosquillon
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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3
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Pasqua E, Hamblin N, Edwards C, Baker-Glenn C, Hurley C. Developing inhaled drugs for respiratory diseases: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:134-150. [PMID: 34547449 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the devastating impact of many lung diseases on human health, there is still a significant unmet medical need in respiratory diseases, for which inhaled delivery represents a crucial strategy. More guidance on how to design and carry out multidisciplinary inhaled projects is needed. When designing inhaled drugs, the medicinal chemist must carefully balance the physicochemical properties of the molecule to achieve optimal target engagement in the lung. Although the medicinal chemistry strategy is unique for each project, and will change depending on multiple factors, such as the disease, target, systemic risk, delivery device, and formulation, general guidelines aiding inhaled drug design can be applied and are summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pasqua
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK.
| | - Nicole Hamblin
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK; Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
| | - Charles Baker-Glenn
- Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Chris Hurley
- Charles River Laboratories, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Harlow CM19 5TR, UK
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4
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Hartung N, Borghardt JM. A mechanistic framework for a priori pharmacokinetic predictions of orally inhaled drugs. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008466. [PMID: 33320846 PMCID: PMC7771877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate of orally inhaled drugs is determined by pulmonary pharmacokinetic processes such as particle deposition, pulmonary drug dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. Even though each single process has been systematically investigated, a quantitative understanding on the interaction of processes remains limited and therefore identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics for orally inhaled drugs is still challenging. To investigate this complex interplay, the pulmonary processes can be integrated into mathematical models. However, existing modeling attempts considerably simplify these processes or are not systematically evaluated against (clinical) data. In this work, we developed a mathematical framework based on physiologically-structured population equations to integrate all relevant pulmonary processes mechanistically. A tailored numerical resolution strategy was chosen and the mechanistic model was evaluated systematically against data from different clinical studies. Without adapting the mechanistic model or estimating kinetic parameters based on individual study data, the developed model was able to predict simultaneously (i) lung retention profiles of inhaled insoluble particles, (ii) particle size-dependent pharmacokinetics of inhaled monodisperse particles, (iii) pharmacokinetic differences between inhaled fluticasone propionate and budesonide, as well as (iv) pharmacokinetic differences between healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients. Finally, to identify the most impactful optimization criteria for orally inhaled drugs, the developed mechanistic model was applied to investigate the impact of input parameters on both the pulmonary and systemic exposure. Interestingly, the solubility of the inhaled drug did not have any relevant impact on the local and systemic pharmacokinetics. Instead, the pulmonary dissolution rate, the particle size, the tissue affinity, and the systemic clearance were the most impactful potential optimization parameters. In the future, the developed prediction framework should be considered a powerful tool for identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics. The use of orally inhaled drugs for treating lung diseases is appealing since they have the potential for lung selectivity, i.e. high exposure at the site of action –the lung– without excessive side effects. However, the degree of lung selectivity depends on a large number of factors, including physiochemical properties of drug molecules, patient disease state, and inhalation devices. To predict the impact of these factors on drug exposure and thereby to understand the characteristics of an optimal drug for inhalation, we develop a predictive mathematical framework (a “pharmacokinetic model”). In contrast to previous approaches, our model allows combining knowledge from different sources appropriately and its predictions were able to adequately predict different sets of clinical data. Finally, we compare the impact of different factors and find that the most important factors are the size of the inhaled particles, the affinity of the drug to the lung tissue, as well as the rate of drug dissolution in the lung. In contrast to the common belief, the solubility of a drug in the lining fluids is not found to be relevant. These findings are important to understand how inhaled drugs should be designed to achieve best treatment results in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hartung
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Markus Borghardt
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Research DMPK, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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5
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Burkes RM, Panos RJ. Ultra Long-Acting β-Agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:589-602. [PMID: 33364854 PMCID: PMC7751789 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s259328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhaled β-agonists have been foundational medications for maintenance COPD management for decades. Through activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathways, these agents relax airway smooth muscle and improve expiratory airflow by relieving bronchospasm and alleviating air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation improving breathlessness, exertional capabilities, and quality of life. β-agonist drug development has discovered drugs with increasing longer durations of action: short acting (SABA) (4-6 h), long acting (LABA) (6-12 h), and ultra-long acting (ULABA) (24 h). Three ULABAs, indacaterol, olodaterol, and vilanterol, are approved for clinical treatment of COPD. Purpose This article reviews both clinically approved ULABAs and ULABAs in development. Conclusion Indacaterol and olodaterol were originally approved for clinical use as monotherapies for COPD. Vilanterol is the first ULABA to be approved only in combination with other respiratory medications. Although there are many other ULABA's in various stages of development, most clinical testing of these novel agents is suspended or proceeding slowly. The three approved ULABAs are being combined with antimuscarinic agents and corticosteroids as dual and triple agent treatments that are being tested for clinical use and efficacy. Increasingly, these clinical trials are using specific COPD clinical characteristics to define study populations and to begin to develop therapies that are trait-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burkes
- University of Cincinnati Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ralph J Panos
- University of Cincinnati Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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6
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Garces AE, Al-Hayali M, Lee JB, Li J, Gershkovich P, Bradshaw TD, Stocks MJ. Codrug Approach for the Potential Treatment of EML4-ALK Positive Lung Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:316-321. [PMID: 32184963 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the synergistic effect of PI3K inhibition with ALK inhibition for the possible treatment of EML4-ALK positive lung cancer. We have brought together ceritinib (ALK inhibitor) and pictilisib (PI3K inhibitor) into a single bivalent molecule (a codrug) with the aim of designing a molecule for slow release drug delivery that targets EML4-ALK positive lung cancer. We have joined the two drugs through a new, pH-sensitive linker where the resulting codrugs are hydrolytically stable at lower pH (pH 6.4) but rapidly cleaved at higher pH (pH 7.4). Compound (19), which was designed for optimal lung retention, demonstrated clean liberation of the drug payloads in vitro and represents a novel approach to targeted lung delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimie E Garces
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Mohammed Al-Hayali
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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7
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Kingston LP, Hickey MJ, Elmore CS. The synthesis of isotopologues of AZD7307: A selective β 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:707-712. [PMID: 31215663 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A medicinal chemistry program to develop potent and selective LABA compounds required the synthesis of both carbon-14 and stable-isotope labelled materials. Carbon-14 labelled AZD7307 was successfully synthesised in 6 steps from [14C]chloroacetyl chloride in an overall radiochemical yield of 10%. In addition, the synthetic route of a stable labelled isotopomer of AZD7307 is also described and synthesised in four linear steps from [13C6]cyclohexylamine hydrochloride in an overall yield of 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee P Kingston
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Miner K, Labitzke K, Liu B, Wang P, Henckels K, Gaida K, Elliott R, Chen JJ, Liu L, Leith A, Trueblood E, Hensley K, Xia XZ, Homann O, Bennett B, Fiorino M, Whoriskey J, Yu G, Escobar S, Wong M, Born TL, Budelsky A, Comeau M, Smith D, Phillips J, Johnston JA, McGivern JG, Weikl K, Powers D, Kunzelmann K, Mohn D, Hochheimer A, Sullivan JK. Drug Repurposing: The Anthelmintics Niclosamide and Nitazoxanide Are Potent TMEM16A Antagonists That Fully Bronchodilate Airways. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30837866 PMCID: PMC6382696 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need in severe asthma where approximately 40% of patients exhibit poor β-agonist responsiveness, suffer daily symptoms and show frequent exacerbations. Antagonists of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, TMEM16A, offers a new mechanism to bronchodilate airways and block the multiple contractiles operating in severe disease. To identify TMEM16A antagonists we screened a library of ∼580,000 compounds. The anthelmintics niclosamide, nitazoxanide, and related compounds were identified as potent TMEM16A antagonists that blocked airway smooth muscle depolarization and contraction. To evaluate whether TMEM16A antagonists resist use- and inflammatory-desensitization pathways limiting β-agonist action, we tested their efficacy under harsh conditions using maximally contracted airways or airways pretreated with a cytokine cocktail. Stunningly, TMEM16A antagonists fully bronchodilated airways, while the β-agonist isoproterenol showed only partial effects. Thus, antagonists of TMEM16A and repositioning of niclosamide and nitazoxanide represent an important additional treatment for patients with severe asthma and COPD that is poorly controlled with existing therapies. It is of note that drug repurposing has also attracted wide interest in niclosamide and nitazoxanide as a new treatment for cancer and infectious disease. For the first time we identify TMEM16A as a molecular target for these drugs and thus provide fresh insights into their mechanism for the treatment of these disorders in addition to respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Miner
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Katja Labitzke
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benxian Liu
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Paul Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Kathryn Henckels
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Gaida
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Robin Elliott
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Jian Jeffrey Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Longbin Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Anh Leith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Esther Trueblood
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kelly Hensley
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Xing-Zhong Xia
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Homann
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Brian Bennett
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Mike Fiorino
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - John Whoriskey
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Sabine Escobar
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Min Wong
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Teresa L. Born
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alison Budelsky
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mike Comeau
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dirk Smith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jonathan Phillips
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - James A. Johnston
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Joseph G. McGivern
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Kerstin Weikl
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Powers
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Deanna Mohn
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | | | - John K. Sullivan
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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9
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Garces AE, Stocks MJ. Class 1 PI3K Clinical Candidates and Recent Inhibitor Design Strategies: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4815-4850. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimie E. Garces
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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10
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Hendrickx R, Lamm Bergström E, Janzén DLI, Fridén M, Eriksson U, Grime K, Ferguson D. Translational model to predict pulmonary pharmacokinetics and efficacy in man for inhaled bronchodilators. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 7:147-157. [PMID: 29280349 PMCID: PMC5869554 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Translational pharmacokinetic (PK) models are needed to describe and predict drug concentration‐time profiles in lung tissue at the site of action to enable animal‐to‐man translation and prediction of efficacy in humans for inhaled medicines. Current pulmonary PK models are generally descriptive rather than predictive, drug/compound specific, and fail to show successful cross‐species translation. The objective of this work was to develop a robust compartmental modeling approach that captures key features of lung and systemic PK after pulmonary administration of a set of 12 soluble drugs containing single basic, dibasic, or cationic functional groups. The model is shown to allow translation between animal species and predicts drug concentrations in human lungs that correlate with the forced expiratory volume for different classes of bronchodilators. Thus, the pulmonary modeling approach has potential to be a key component in the prediction of human PK, efficacy, and safety for future inhaled medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Hendrickx
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Lamm Bergström
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David L I Janzén
- DMPK, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Fridén
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ken Grime
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Douglas Ferguson
- DMPK, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Ericsson T, Fridén M, Kärrman-Mårdh C, Dainty I, Grime K. Benchmarking of Human Dose Prediction for Inhaled Medicines from Preclinical In Vivo Data. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2557-2567. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Malerba M, Radaeli A, Montuschi P, Babu KS, Morjaria JB. Investigational beta-2 adrenergic agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:319-329. [PMID: 28117615 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1287172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-acting bronchodilators are pivotal in the therapeutic management of COPD patients with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction. New ultra-long-acting β2-agnoists (ultra-LABAs) have been developed, some of which have been licensed for use as monotherapy and/or in combination with other bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids, for use in COPD patients with persistent symptoms and worsening airflow limitation. These new agents are faster in onset and have a prolonged duration of action, with a similar safety profile to the traditional twice-daily bronchodilators which may have an impact on patient concordance. Areas covered: A number of these ultra-LABAs are still under development and bi-functional hybrid molecules containing regions functioning as β2-agonists, and as muscarinic agonists (MABAs) has been developed. This review summarizes these (excluding the licensed ultra-LABAs) with attention on phase II studies data available to-date on their pharmacological profiles, clinical efficacy and safety, and future perspectives. Expert opinion: Despite all the new agents' available, the challenges that persist include any differences in efficacy and safety between the various possible LAMA/LABA combinations, relative advantages of MABAs over fixed-dose LAMA/LABAs, and the impact of these new molecules in terms of long term safety, especially in certain populations in co-morbidities frequently associated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Malerba
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili , Brescia , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Montuschi
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Pharmacology , Rome , Italy
| | - Kesavan S Babu
- d Department of Respiratory Medicine , Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Jaymin B Morjaria
- e Department of Respiratory Medicine , Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK
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13
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Bäckström E, Boger E, Lundqvist A, Hammarlund-Udenaes M, Fridén M. Lung Retention by Lysosomal Trapping of Inhaled Drugs Can Be Predicted In Vitro With Lung Slices. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3432-3439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Borghardt JM, Weber B, Staab A, Kunz C, Kloft C. Model-based evaluation of pulmonary pharmacokinetics in asthmatic and COPD patients after oral olodaterol inhalation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:739-53. [PMID: 27145733 PMCID: PMC5338120 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Olodaterol is an orally inhaled β2 -agonist for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aims of this population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis were: (1) to investigate systemic PK and thereby make inferences about pulmonary PK in asthmatic patients, COPD patients and healthy volunteers, and (2) to assess whether differences in pulmonary efficacy might be expected based on pulmonary PK characteristics. METHODS Plasma and urine data after olodaterol inhalation were available from six clinical trials comprising 710 patients and healthy volunteers (single and multiple dosing). To investigate the relevance of covariates, full fixed-effect modelling was applied based on a previously developed healthy volunteer systemic disposition model. RESULTS A pulmonary model with three parallel absorption processes best described PK after inhalation in patients. The pulmonary bioavailable fraction (PBIO) was 48.7% (46.1-51.3%, 95% confidence interval) in asthma, and 53.6% (51.1-56.2%) in COPD. In asthma 87.2% (85.4-88.8%) of PBIO was slowly absorbed with an absorption half-life of 18.5 h (16.3-21.4 h), whereas in COPD 80.1% (78.0-82.2%) was absorbed with a half-life of 37.8 h (31.1-47.8 h). In healthy volunteers absorption was faster, with a half-life of 18.5 h (16.3-21.4 h) of the slowest absorbed process, which characterized 74.6% (69.1-80.2%) of PBIO. CONCLUSIONS The modelling approach successfully described data after olodaterol inhalation in patients and healthy volunteers. Slow pulmonary absorption was demonstrated both in asthma and COPD. Absorption characteristics after olodaterol inhalation indicated even more beneficial lung targeting in patients compared to healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Markus Borghardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin12169BerlinGermany
- Translational Medicine and Clinical PharmacologyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberachGermany
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Translational Medicine and Clinical PharmacologyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberachGermany
| | - Alexander Staab
- Translational Medicine and Clinical PharmacologyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberachGermany
| | - Christina Kunz
- Translational Medicine and Clinical PharmacologyBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KGBiberachGermany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin12169BerlinGermany
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15
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Dickson CJ, Hornak V, Velez-Vega C, McKay DJJ, Reilly J, Sandham DA, Shaw D, Fairhurst RA, Charlton SJ, Sykes DA, Pearlstein RA, Duca JS. Uncoupling the Structure-Activity Relationships of β2 Adrenergic Receptor Ligands from Membrane Binding. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5780-9. [PMID: 27239696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ligand binding to membrane proteins may be significantly influenced by the interaction of ligands with the membrane. In particular, the microscopic ligand concentration within the membrane surface solvation layer may exceed that in bulk solvent, resulting in overestimation of the intrinsic protein-ligand binding contribution to the apparent/measured affinity. Using published binding data for a set of small molecules with the β2 adrenergic receptor, we demonstrate that deconvolution of membrane and protein binding contributions allows for improved structure-activity relationship analysis and structure-based drug design. Molecular dynamics simulations of ligand bound membrane protein complexes were used to validate binding poses, allowing analysis of key interactions and binding site solvation to develop structure-activity relationships of β2 ligand binding. The resulting relationships are consistent with intrinsic binding affinity (corrected for membrane interaction). The successful structure-based design of ligands targeting membrane proteins may require an assessment of membrane affinity to uncouple protein binding from membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum J Dickson
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Viktor Hornak
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Camilo Velez-Vega
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel J J McKay
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Reilly
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David A Sandham
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Duncan Shaw
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robin A Fairhurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG , Werk Klybeck, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven J Charlton
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - David A Sykes
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre , Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Robert A Pearlstein
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jose S Duca
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Weichert D, Stanek M, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Structure-guided development of dual β2 adrenergic/dopamine D2 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2641-53. [PMID: 27132867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to discover dual-acting β2 adrenergic/dopamine D2 receptor ligands, a structure-guided approach for the evolution of GPCR agonists that address multiple targets was elaborated. Starting from GPCR crystal structures, we describe the design, synthesis and biological investigation of a defined set of compounds leading to the identification of the benzoxazinone (R)-3, which shows agonist properties at the adrenergic β2 receptor and substantial G protein-promoted activation at the D2 receptor. This directed approach yielded molecular probes with tuned dual activity. The congener desOH-3 devoid of the benzylic hydroxyl function was shown to be a β2 adrenergic antagonist/D2 receptor agonist with Ki values in the low nanomolar range. The compounds may serve as a promising starting point for the investigation and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Weichert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Stanek
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Down K, Amour A, Baldwin IR, Cooper AWJ, Deakin AM, Felton LM, Guntrip SB, Hardy C, Harrison ZA, Jones KL, Jones P, Keeling SE, Le J, Livia S, Lucas F, Lunniss CJ, Parr NJ, Robinson E, Rowland P, Smith S, Thomas DA, Vitulli G, Washio Y, Hamblin JN. Optimization of Novel Indazoles as Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ for the Treatment of Respiratory Disease. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7381-99. [PMID: 26301626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of lead compound 1, through extensive use of structure-based design and a focus on PI3Kδ potency, isoform selectivity, and inhaled PK properties, led to the discovery of clinical candidates 2 (GSK2269557) and 3 (GSK2292767) for the treatment of respiratory indications via inhalation. Compounds 2 and 3 are both highly selective for PI3Kδ over the closely related isoforms and are active in a disease relevant brown Norway rat acute OVA model of Th2-driven lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Down
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Augustin Amour
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian R Baldwin
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Anthony W J Cooper
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Angela M Deakin
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Leigh M Felton
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Stephen B Guntrip
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Charlotte Hardy
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Zoë A Harrison
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Katherine L Jones
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Jones
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Suzanne E Keeling
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Joelle Le
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Stefano Livia
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Fiona Lucas
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Christopher J Lunniss
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Nigel J Parr
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ed Robinson
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Rowland
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Sarah Smith
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Daniel A Thomas
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Giovanni Vitulli
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Yoshiaki Washio
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - J Nicole Hamblin
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, and ‡Allergic Inflammation DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Molecular Discovery Research, ∥Biological Sciences, and ⊥Computational Chemistry, Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K.,Experimental Medicine Unit, and ∇Epinova DPU, ImmunoInflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D , Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
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18
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Arnold N, Beattie D, Bradley M, Brearley A, Brown L, Charlton SJ, Fairhurst RA, Farr D, Fozard J, Fullerton J, Gosling M, Hatto J, Janus D, Jones D, Jordan L, Lewis C, Maas J, McCarthy C, Mercer M, Oakman H, Press N, Profit R, Schuerch F, Sykes D, Taylor RJ, Trifilieff A, Tuffnell A. The identification of 7-[(R)-2-((1S,2S)-2-benzyloxycyclopentylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxybenzothiazolone as an inhaled long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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McKinnell RM, Klein U, Linsell MS, Moran EJ, Nodwell MB, Pfeiffer JW, Thomas GR, Yu C, Jacobsen JR. Discovery of TD-4306, a long-acting β2-agonist for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2871-6. [PMID: 24835980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A multivalent approach focused on amine-based secondary binding groups was applied to the discovery of long-acting inhaled β2-agonists. Addition of amine moieties to the neutral secondary binding group of an existing β2-agonist series was found to provide improved in vivo efficacy, but also led to the formation of biologically active aldehyde metabolites which were viewed as a risk for the development of these compounds. Structural simplification of the scaffold and blocking the site of metabolism to prevent aldehyde formation afforded a potent series of dibasic β2-agonists with improved duration of action relative to their monobasic analogs. Additional optimization led to the discovery of 29 (TD-4306), a potent and selective β2-agonist with potential for once-daily dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murray McKinnell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Uwe Klein
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Martin S Linsell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edmund J Moran
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew B Nodwell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - G Roger Thomas
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cecile Yu
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John R Jacobsen
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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