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Chen Y. Advances in Organic Fluorescent Probes for Intracellular Zn 2+ Detection and Bioimaging. Molecules 2024; 29:2542. [PMID: 38893419 PMCID: PMC11173588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc ions (Zn2+) play a key role in maintaining and regulating protein structures and functions. To better understand the intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis and signaling role, various fluorescent sensors have been developed that allow the monitoring of Zn2+ concentrations and bioimaging in live cells in real time. This review highlights the recent development of organic fluorescent probes for the detection and imaging of intracellular Zn2+, including the design and construction of the probes, fluorescent response mechanisms, and their applications to intracellular Zn2+ detection and imaging on-site. Finally, the current challenges and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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2
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Lo CF, Chiu TY, Liu YT, Pan PY, Liu KL, Hsu CY, Fang MY, Huang YC, Yeh TK, Hsu TA, Chen CT, Huang LR, Tsou LK. Targeting the Phosphatidylserine-Immune Checkpoint with a Small-Molecule Maytansinoid Conjugate. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12802-12824. [PMID: 36153998 PMCID: PMC9574934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Ligand-targeting drug delivery systems have made significant
strides
for disease treatments with numerous clinical approvals in this era
of precision medicine. Herein, we report a class of small molecule-based
immune checkpoint-targeting maytansinoid conjugates. From the ligand
targeting ability, pharmacokinetics profiling, in vivo anti-pancreatic cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and sorafenib-resistant
liver cancer efficacies with quantitative mRNA analysis of treated-tumor
tissues, we demonstrated that conjugate 40a not only
induced lasting regression of tumor growth, but it also rejuvenated
the once immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to an “inflamed
hot tumor” with significant elevation of gene expressions that
were not accessible in the vehicle-treated tumor. In turn, the immune
checkpoint-targeting small molecule drug conjugate from this work
represents a new pharmacodelivery strategy that can be expanded with
combination therapy with existing immune-oncology treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fu Lo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Tzu Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yun Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Liang Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yu Fang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-An Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Rung Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lun Kelvin Tsou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli35053, Taiwan, ROC
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3
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Tsuboi S, Jin T. In Vitro and In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Antibody-Drug Conjugate-Induced Tumor Apoptosis Using Annexin V-EGFP Conjugated Quantum Dots. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2105-2113. [PMID: 35071899 PMCID: PMC8772308 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are conjugates of a monoclonal antibody and a cytotoxic drug that induce tumor apoptosis. The evaluation of ADC-induced tumor apoptosis is crucial for the development of ADCs for cancer therapy. To evaluate the efficacy of ADCs, we present in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging techniques for ADC-induced tumor apoptosis using annexin V-EGFP (EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein) conjugated quantum dots (annexin V-EGFP-QDs). This probe emits visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) dual fluorescence at 515 nm (EGFP emission) and 850 nm (QD emission), which can be used for the detection of tumor apoptosis at the cellular and whole-body levels. By using annexin V-EGFP-QDs, we achieved VIS and NIR fluorescence imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast tumor apoptosis induced by an ADC, Kadcyla (trastuzumab emtansine). The results show that the in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging of ADC-induced tumor apoptosis using annexin V-EGFP-QDs is a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of ADCs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics
Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics
Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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4
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Effective and prolonged targeting of a nanocarrier to the inflammation site by functionalization with ZnBPMP and chitosan. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112521. [PMID: 34857300 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and selective targeting of inflamed tissues/organs is critical for diagnosis and therapy. Although nanomaterials themselves have an intrinsic advantage due to their size for targeting inflammation sites, additional functionalization of the nanomaterials with proper targeting moieties is desired to enhance the targeting efficiency. In this study, we aimed to improve the inflammation targeting characteristics of a pluronic-based nanocarrier, which has advantages as a nanosized delivery cargo for diverse molecules, by conjugating with chitosan and ZnBPMP (two Zn(II) ions chelated 2,6-bis[(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)-methyl]-4-methylphenol) moiety. Specific and significant cellular uptake and interaction between the nanocarrier functionalized with ZnBPMP ligand and chitosan to an apoptosis-induced immune cell line were observed in vitro. An inflammation model in the mouse ear caused by skin hypersensitivity was used to evaluate the effect of functionalization with chitosan and ZnBPMP moiety by comparing with various control groups. Functionalization of the nanocarrier with chitosan greatly enhanced the in vivo circulation time of the nanocarrier, so prolonged targeting ability of the nanocarrier to the inflamed ear was achieved. Additional ZnBPMP functionalization to chitosan-functionalized nanocarrier also resulted in significantly improved initial targeting and further enhancement in the targeting until 5 days to the inflamed ear and the decreased non-specific accumulation of the nanocarrier to the remaining body. Thus, developed nanocarrier has a high potential as a drug delivery carrier as well as a diagnostic agent to the inflammation sites.
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5
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Weng J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ye D. An Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for in Vivo Imaging of Acute Kidney Injury by Targeting Phosphatidylserine and Caspase-3. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18294-18304. [PMID: 34672197 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal-clearable and target-responsive near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging probes have been promising for in vivo diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, designing an imaging probe that is renal-clearable and concurrently responsive toward multiple molecular targets to facilitate early detection of AKI with improved sensitivity and specificity is challenging. Herein, by leveraging the receptor-mediated binding and retention effect along with enzyme-triggered fluorescence activation, we design and synthesize an activatable small-molecule NIR fluorescent probe (1-DPA2) using a "one-pot sequential click reaction" approach. 1-DPA2 can target both the externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) and active caspase-3 (Casp-3), two essential biomarkers of apoptosis, producing enhanced 808 nm NIR fluorescence and a high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) amenable to detecting the onset of cisplatin-induced AKI in mice as early as 24 h post-treatment with cisplatin. We not only monitor the gradual activation of Casp-3 in the kidney of mice upon AKI progression but also can report on the progressive recovery of kidney functions in AKI mice following N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) therapy via real-time fluorescence imaging by 1-DPA2. This study demonstrates the ability of 1-DPA2 for longitudinal monitoring of renal cell apoptosis by concurrently targeting PS externalization and Casp-3 activation, which is efficient for early diagnosis of AKI and useful for prediction of potential drug nephrotoxicity as well as in vivo screening of anti-AKI drugs' efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Gammon ST, Engel BJ, Gores GJ, Cressman E, Piwnica-Worms D, Millward SW. Mistiming Death: Modeling the Time-Domain Variability of Tumor Apoptosis and Implications for Molecular Imaging of Cell Death. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1310-1323. [PMID: 32519246 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis, in the context of cancer, is a form of programmed cell death induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. As this is a central pathway in treatment response, considerable effort has been expended on the development of molecular imaging agents to non-invasively measure tumor apoptosis prior to quantitative changes in tumor dimensions. Despite these efforts, clinical trials directed at imaging apoptosis by PET, SPECT, and MRI have failed to robustly predict response to treatment with high sensitivity and specificity. Although these shortcomings may be linked to probe design, we propose that the combination of variability in the timing of maximal in vivo tumor apoptosis and sub-optimal sampling times fundamentally limits the predictive power of PET/SPECT apoptosis imaging. PROCEDURES Herein, we surveyed the literature describing the time course of therapy-induced tumor apoptosis in vivo and used these data to construct a mathematical model describing the onset, duration, amplitude, and variability of the apoptotic response. Uncertainty in the underlying time of initiation of tumor apoptosis was simulated by Gaussian, uniform, and Landau distributions centered at the median time-to-maximum apoptotic rate derived from the literature. We then computationally sampled these models for various durations to simulate PET/SPECT imaging agents with variable effective half-lives. RESULTS Models with a narrow Gaussian distribution of initiation times for tumor apoptosis predicted high contrast ratios and strong predictive values for all effective tracer half-lives. However, when uncertainty in apoptosis initiation times were simulated with uniform and Landau distributions, high contrast ratios and predictive values were only obtained with extremely long imaging windows (days). The imaging contrast ratios predicted in these models were consistent with those seen in pre-clinical apoptosis PET/SPECT imaging studies and suggest that uncertainty in the timing of tumor cell death plays a significant role in the maximal contrast obtainable. Moreover, when uncertainty in both apoptosis initiation and imaging start times were simulated, the predicted contrast ratios were dramatically reduced for all tracer half-lives. CONCLUSIONS These studies illustrate the effect of uncertainty of apoptosis initiation on the predictive power of PET/SPECT apoptosis imaging agents and suggest that long integration times are required to surmount uncertainty in the time domain of this biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth T Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian J Engel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Erik Cressman
- Department of Interventional Radiology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven W Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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7
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Tsuboi S, Jin T. Dual-colour (near-infrared/visible) emitting annexin V for fluorescence imaging of tumour cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38244-38250. [PMID: 35517522 PMCID: PMC9057337 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) labelled recombinant annexin V proteins (ICG-EGFP-Annexin V and ICG-mPlum-Annexin V) were synthesized for dual-colour fluorescence imaging of tumour cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The ICG-labelled fluorescent annexin V proteins showed dual (near-infrared and visible) fluorescence emissions with binding ability to phosphatidylserines on the plasma membranes of apoptotic cells. Although several types of fluorescence labelled annexin V (e.g. FITC-annexin V, Cy3- and Cy5-annexin V) have been reported, there are no dual-colour (near-infrared/visible) emitting apoptosis-detection probes which can be used in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, the utilities of the dual-colour fluorescent annexin V are demonstrated for in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging of the apoptosis of human breast tumour cells induced by an antibody-drug conjugate, Kadcyla. The results suggest that the present annexin V probes will be useful to visualize the action of anti-cancer drugs against tumours both at the cellular and whole-body level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) RIKEN Furuedai 6-2-3 Suita Osaka 565-0874 Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Yamada-oka 1-3 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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8
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Lu Y, Dong B, Song W, Sun Y, Mehmood AH, Lin W. An ESIPT-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for the discrimination of live and dead cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 240:118588. [PMID: 32563031 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell death can destroy homeostasis and is a hallmark of many pathological conditions. Discrimination of live and dead cells is a crucial task for the biological, medical and pharmaceutical studies. Herein, we constructed an ESIPT-based fluorescent probe (BTE) on the basis of the different esterase activity in live and dead cells. Under excitation, the probe BTE showed the blue emission peaked at 465 nm, while it mainly displayed green emission peaked at 543 nm after it was hydrolyzed by esterase. Imaging of the cells treated by H2O2 and ultraviolet (UV) radiation demonstrated that the probe BTE is effective in the detection of the health of cells, could help us to better understand cell death and its effects in a range of diseases and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Lu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Yaru Sun
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Abdul Hadi Mehmood
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
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9
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Li T, Chiou B, Gilman CK, Luo R, Koshi T, Yu D, Oak HC, Giera S, Johnson‐Venkatesh E, Muthukumar AK, Stevens B, Umemori H, Piao X. A splicing isoform of GPR56 mediates microglial synaptic refinement via phosphatidylserine binding. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104136. [PMID: 32452062 PMCID: PMC7429740 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental synaptic remodeling is important for the formation of precise neural circuitry, and its disruption has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Microglia prune synapses, but integration of this synapse pruning with overlapping and concurrent neurodevelopmental processes, remains elusive. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor ADGRG1/GPR56 controls multiple aspects of brain development in a cell type-specific manner: In neural progenitor cells, GPR56 regulates cortical lamination, whereas in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, GPR56 controls developmental myelination and myelin repair. Here, we show that microglial GPR56 maintains appropriate synaptic numbers in several brain regions in a time- and circuit-dependent fashion. Phosphatidylserine (PS) on presynaptic elements binds GPR56 in a domain-specific manner, and microglia-specific deletion of Gpr56 leads to increased synapses as a result of reduced microglial engulfment of PS+ presynaptic inputs. Remarkably, a particular alternatively spliced isoform of GPR56 is selectively required for microglia-mediated synaptic pruning. Our present data provide a ligand- and isoform-specific mechanism underlying microglial GPR56-mediated synapse pruning in the context of complex neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of MedicineBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Brian Chiou
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Casey K Gilman
- Department of MedicineBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of MedicineBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Tatsuhiro Koshi
- Department of MedicineBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Diankun Yu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Hayeon C Oak
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Stefanie Giera
- Department of MedicineBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Allie K Muthukumar
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterChildren's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Beth Stevens
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterChildren's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Hisashi Umemori
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterChildren's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of MedicineBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology CenterChildren's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Weill Institute for NeuroscienceUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
- Newborn Brain Research InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCAUSA
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10
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Zhang D, Jin Q, Jiang C, Gao M, Ni Y, Zhang J. Imaging Cell Death: Focus on Early Evaluation of Tumor Response to Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1025-1051. [PMID: 32150392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays a prominent role in the treatment of cancer, because most anticancer therapies act by the induction of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, and other pathways of cell death. Imaging cell death helps to identify treatment responders from nonresponders and thus enables patient-tailored therapy, which will increase the likelihood of treatment response and ultimately lead to improved patient survival. By taking advantage of molecular probes that specifically target the biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death, cell death imaging can be successfully achieved. In recent years, with the increased understanding of the molecular mechanism of cell death, a variety of well-defined biomarkers/biochemical processes of cell death have been identified. By targeting these established cell death biomarkers/biochemical processes, a set of molecular imaging probes have been developed and evaluated for early monitoring treatment response in tumors. In this review, we mainly present the recent advances in identifying useful biomarkers/biochemical processes for both apoptosis and necrosis imaging and in developing molecular imaging probes targeting these biomarkers/biochemical processes, with a focus on their application in early evaluation of tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
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11
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Abstract
Monitoring cell viability is a crucial task essential for the fundamental studies in apoptosis, necrosis, and drug discovery. Cell apoptosis and necrosis are significant to maintain the cell population, and their abnormality can lead to severe diseases including cancer. During cell death, significant changes occur in the intracellular contents and physical properties, such as decrease of esterase activity, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increase of caspase content, dissipation of membrane asymmetry, and loss of membrane integrity. To detect cell viability, the fluorescent probes have been developed by taking advantage of these biological parameters and using various fluorescence mechanisms. These fluorescent probes can serve as powerful tools to facilitate the research in biology and pathology. In this Account, the representative examples of the fluorescent probes for cell viability during the past decades have been summarized and classified into five types based on the biological changes. The basic principle, design strategy, fluorescence mechanisms, and molecular construction of these fluorescent probes have been discussed. Furthermore, the intrinsic characteristics and merits of these probes have been illustrated. Particularly, this Account describes our recent works for the design and synthesis of the fluorescent probes to detect cell viability in the dual-color and reversible modes. The dual-color and reversible fluorescent probes are highlighted owing to their unique benefits in accurate and dynamic detection of cell viability. In general, the dual-color fluorescent probes were constructed based on the loss of esterase activity during cell death. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process were exploited for the probe design. The construction of such dual-color probes were realized by the acetate of the phenyl group on fluorophores. Esterases in healthy cells hydrolyze the acetate and bring a spectral shift to the probes. Moreover, reversible fluorescent probes for cell viability were designed based on the depolarization of ΔΨm, with relocalization properties dependent on ΔΨm. The probes target mitochondria in healthy cells with high ΔΨm, while they are relocalized into the nucleus in unhealthy cells with depolarized ΔΨm. As ΔΨm is reversibly changed according to the cell viability, these probes reversibly detect cell viability. The reversible and simultaneously dual-color fluorescent probes were developed based on the relocalization mode and aggregation-induced emission shift. The probes target mitochondria to form aggregates with deep-red emission, while they migrate into the nucleus to present in monomers with green fluorescence. In this manner, the probes enable dual-color and reversible detection of cell viability. Fluorescent probes for cell viability based on sensing the membrane integrity, caspase activity, and membrane symmetry are also presented. High-polarity and large-size fluorescent probes impermeable to the intact lipid bilayer selectively target apoptotic cells with a destructive plasma membrane. Fluorescent probes sensing caspases in a turn-on manner exclusively light up apoptotic cells with caspase expression. Membrane-impermeable probes with high affinity to phosphatidylserine (PS) specifically stain the plasma membrane of dead cells, since PS flip-flops to the outer leaflet of the membrane during cell death. In summary, this Account illustrates the basic principles, design strategies, characteristics, and advantages of the fluorescent probes for cell viability, and it highlights the dual-color and reversible probes, which can promote the development of fluorescent probes, apoptosis studies, drug discovery, and other relative areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Tian
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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12
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Ga-68-Labeled Rhein for Early Assessment of Treatment-Induced Tumor Necrosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 22:515-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Mazzoni F, Müller C, DeAssis J, Lew D, Leevy WM, Finnemann SC. Non-invasive in vivo fluorescence imaging of apoptotic retinal photoreceptors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1590. [PMID: 30733587 PMCID: PMC6367443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine externalization is an early molecular signature for apoptosis. In many retinal degenerative diseases, photoreceptor neurons die by apoptosis. Here, we report utility of the phosphatidylserine-binding conjugate of Bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (Zn-DPA) with Texas-red (PSVue-550) in transiently labeling apoptotic photoreceptors in living pigmented or albino rats and mice with retinal degeneration. Applying PSVue-550 as eyedrop is non-toxic and eliminates need for intraocular injection. PSVue-550 fluorescence specifically and transiently labeling dying retinal photoreceptors is detectable in anesthetized animals using standard retinal or whole small animal imaging systems. Importantly, prior PSVue-550 eyedrop administration and imaging does not affect repeat testing. Altogether, our results establish PSVue-550 imaging as a completely non-invasive method that provides the opportunity to longitudinally monitor retinal photoreceptor cell death in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mazzoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Claudia Müller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Jonathan DeAssis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Deborah Lew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - W Matthew Leevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Silvia C Finnemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer, Genetic Diseases and Gene Regulation, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
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14
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Ban Q, Bai T, Duan X, Kong J. Noninvasive photothermal cancer therapy nanoplatforms via integrating nanomaterials and functional polymers. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:190-210. [PMID: 27990534 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00600k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the cutting-edge field of cancer therapy, noninvasive photothermal therapy (PTT) has received great attention because it is considered to overcome the drawbacks of conventional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy of severe body injuries and side effects on the immune system. The construction of PTT therapeutic and theranostic nanoplatforms is the key issue in achieving tumor targeting, imaging and therapy in a synergetic manner. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in constructing PTT therapeutic and theranostic nanoplatforms by integrating nanomaterials and functional polymers. The noninvasive photothermal cancer therapy mechanism and achievement strategies of PTT therapeutic and theranostic nanoplatforms are presented as well as the innovative construction strategies and perspectives for the future. Owing to their high tumor ablation efficiency, biological availability and low- or non-toxicity, PTT therapeutic and theranostic nanoplatforms are promising and emerging in medicine and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Ban
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
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15
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Zhao H, Zhou P, Huang K, Deng G, Zhou Z, Wang J, Wang M, Zhang Y, Yang H, Yang S. Amplifying Apoptosis Homing Nanoplatform for Tumor Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800296. [PMID: 29745029 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has significantly impacted cancer theranostics. However, its efficiency is restricted by the limited enhanced permeability and retention effect of nanomaterials and insufficient density/specificity of receptors of tumor cells. Herein, an apoptosis-homing nanoplatform based on zinc(II) dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) conjugated Fe/Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (MNPs/ZnDPA), which demonstrates amplified magnetic resonance signal and photothermal therapy, is developed. In an apoptotic xenograft model constructed by doxorubicin, due to the high affinity between ZnDPA and the upregulated level of phosphatidylserine on the outer surface of apoptotic cancer cells, the accumulation value of MNPs/ZnDPA is enhanced two-fold and the tumor/muscle ratio of T2 values is decreased to 50% compared to that in the normal xenograft model. In the apoptotic xenograft model, the amplifying photothermal therapy is confirmed by the changes of the relative tumor volume and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling staining. This nanoplatform provides a promising strategy to improve the targeting efficiency of nanoparticles and the enhancement of tumor-targeting theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Ping Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Kai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Guang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai 200032 China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research; Center for Molecular Imaging Probes; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Shanghai 200032 China
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research; Center for Molecular Imaging Probes; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Shiping Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors; Shanghai Normal University; Shanghai 200234 China
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Preclinical Evaluation of Radioiodinated Hoechst 33258 for Early Prediction of Tumor Response to Treatment of Vascular-Disrupting Agents. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:5237950. [PMID: 29681781 PMCID: PMC5846351 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5237950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the use of 131I-Hoechst 33258 (131I-H33258) for early prediction of tumor response to vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs) with combretastatin-A4 phosphate (CA4P) as a representative. Necrosis avidity of 131I-H33258 was evaluated in mouse models with muscle necrosis and blocking was used to confirm the tracer specificity. Therapy response was evaluated by 131I-H33258 SPECT/CT imaging 24 h after CA4P therapy in W256 tumor-bearing rats. Radiotracer uptake in tumors was validated ex vivo using γ-counting, autoradiography, and histopathological staining. Results showed that 131I-H33258 had predominant necrosis avidity and could specifically bind to necrotic tissue. SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated that an obvious “hot spot” could be observed in the CA4P-treated tumor. Ex vivo γ-counting revealed 131I-H33258 uptake in tumors was increased 2.8-fold in rats treated with CA4P relative to rats treated with vehicle. Autoradiography and corresponding H&E staining suggested that 131I-H33258 was mainly localized in necrotic tumor area and the higher overall uptake in the treated tumors was attributed to the increased necrosis. These results suggest that 131I-H33258 can be used to image induction of cell necrosis 24 h after CA4P therapy, which support further molecular design of probes based on scaffold H33258 for monitoring of tumor response to VDAs treatment.
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Abstract
Kidney cell death plays a key role in the progression of life-threatening renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Injured and dying epithelial and endothelial cells take part in complex communication with the innate immune system, which drives the progression of cell death and the decrease in renal function. To improve our understanding of kidney cell death dynamics and its impact on renal disease, a study approach is needed that facilitates the visualization of renal function and morphology in real time. Intravital multiphoton microscopy of the kidney has been used for more than a decade and made substantial contributions to our understanding of kidney physiology and pathophysiology. It is a unique tool that relates renal structure and function in a time- and spatial-dependent manner. Basic renal function, such as microvascular blood flow regulation and glomerular filtration, can be determined in real time and homeostatic alterations, which are linked inevitably to cell death and can be depicted down to the subcellular level. This review provides an overview of the available techniques to study kidney dysfunction and inflammation in terms of cell death in vivo, and addresses how this novel approach can be used to improve our understanding of cell death dynamics in renal disease.
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You Q, Sun Q, Yu M, Wang J, Wang S, Liu L, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Song Y, Tan F, Li N. BSA-Bioinspired Gadolinium Hybrid-Functionalized Hollow Gold Nanoshells for NIRF/PA/CT/MR Quadmodal Diagnostic Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40017-40030. [PMID: 29087183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging-guided synergistic therapy promises a more accurate diagnosis and higher therapeutic efficiency than single imaging modality or their simple "mechanical" combination. In this research, we have constructed an innovative multifunctional drug delivery platform by gadolinium (Gd)-based bovine serum albumin (BSA) hybrid-coated hollow gold nanoshells (Au@BSA-Gd). The obtained nanoparticles exhibited excellent photothermal effect and computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA) activity. Besides, the BSA-bioinspired gadolinium complex endowed the nanoparticles with an excellent T1 contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, the near-infrared (NIR) absorbing phototherapeutic agent [indocyanine green (ICG)] was loaded into the Au@BSA-Gd nanoparticles because of their unique, hollow, and porous structures, thus possessing photodynamic/photothermal property and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)/PA imaging capability. As a result, a combined cancer therapy containing the photothermal therapy of Au@BSA-Gd and the synchronous photodynamic/photothermal therapy of ICG was constructed. Furthermore, the well-designed nanocomposites with multiple integrated modalities enabled them to be an ideal nanotheranostic agent for NIRF/PA/CT/MR quadmodal imaging. Therefore, the ICG-loaded albumin-bioinspired gadolinium hybrid-functionalized hollow gold nanoshells (ICG-Au@BSA-Gd) hold great promise as a theranostic platform for simultaneous therapeutic monitoring and precise cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qi Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Meng Yu
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yilin Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fengping Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 300072 Tianjin, PR China
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19
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Supramolecular cation transporters alter root morphology in the Arabidopsis thaliana plant. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Cai W, Gao H, Chu C, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang P, Lin G, Li W, Liu G, Chen X. Engineering Phototheranostic Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2040-2051. [PMID: 28032505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many photoresponsive dyes have been utilized as imaging and photodynamic/photothermal therapy agents. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only near-infrared region (NIR) organic dye for clinical applications approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration; however, the clinical application of ICG is limited by its poor aqueous solubility, low cancer specificity, and low sensitivity in cancer theranostics. To overcome these issues, a multifunctional nanoplatform based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and ICG-engineered metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe) nanoparticles (MOF@HA@ICG NPs) was successfully developed for imaging-guided, anticancer photothermal therapy (PTT). The synthesized NPs showed a high loading content of ICG (40%), strong NIR absorbance, and photostability. The in vitro and in vivo imaging showed that the MOF@HA@ICG NPs exhibited greater cellular uptake in CD44-positive MCF-7 cells and enhanced tumor accumulation in xenograft tumors due to their targeting capability, compared to MOF@ICG NPs (non-HA-targeted) and free ICG. The in vitro photothermal toxicity and in vivo PTT treatments demonstrated that MOF@HA@ICG NPs could effectively inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells/xenograft tumors. These results suggest that MOF@HA@ICG NPs could be served as a new promising theranostic nanoplatform for improved anticancer PTT through cancer-specific and image-guided drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cai
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Gan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wengang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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21
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Tang Q, Cui J, Tian Z, Sun J, Wang Z, Chang S, Zhu S. Oxygen and indocyanine green loaded phase-transition nanoparticle-mediated photo-sonodynamic cytotoxic effects on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:381-393. [PMID: 28123298 PMCID: PMC5234560 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s120902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy are developing, minimally invasive, and site-specific modalities for cancer therapy. A combined strategy PSDT (photodynamic therapy followed by sonodynamic therapy) has been proposed in this study. Here, we aimed to develop novel biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolic acid) phase-transition nanoparticles simultaneously loaded with oxygen and indocyanine green (OI-NPs) and to investigate the cytotoxic effects and the potential mechanisms of OI-NP-mediated PSDT on MH7A synoviocytes. METHODS The OI-NPs were prepared using a modified double emulsion method and the physicochemical properties were determined. The cellular uptake of OI-NPs was detected by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide double staining were used to determine the cytotoxic effect of OI-NP-mediated PSDT on MH7A cells. Fluorescence microscope and fluorescence microplate reader were used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. RESULTS The OI-NPs were a stable and efficient carrier to deliver oxygen and indocyanine green, and enhanced cellular uptake was observed in MH7A cells with the nanoparticles. OI-NP-mediated PSDT caused more serious cell damage and more evident cell apoptosis, compared with other groups. Furthermore, increased generation of intracellular ROS was detected in MH7A cells treated with PSDT. Interestingly, the OI-NP-mediated PSDT-induced cell viability loss was effectively rescued by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSION Multifunctional OI-NPs were successfully developed and characterized for the combined delivery of oxygen and indocyanine green, and OI-NP-mediated PSDT would be a potential cytotoxic treatment for MH7A cells. This study may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of RA and develop a model of theranostic application through phase-transition nanoparticle-mediated PSDT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology
| | - Jianyu Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Zhonghua Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Jiangchuan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Shufang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenyin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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Zinc(II)-Dipicolylamine Coordination Complexes as Targeting and Chemotherapeutic Agents for Leishmania major. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2932-40. [PMID: 26926632 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00410-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that causes painful lesions and severe disfigurement. Modern treatment relies on a few chemotherapeutics with serious limitations, and there is a need for more effective alternatives. This study describes the selective targeting of zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (ZnDPA) coordination complexes toward Leishmania major, one of the species responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Fluorescence microscopy of L. major promastigotes treated with a fluorescently labeled ZnDPA probe indicated rapid accumulation of the probe within the axenic promastigote cytosol. The antileishmanial activities of eight ZnDPA complexes were measured using an in vitro assay. All tested complexes exhibited selective toxicity against L. major axenic promastigotes, with 50% effective concentration values in the range of 12.7 to 0.3 μM. Similar toxicity was observed against intracellular amastigotes, but there was almost no effect on the viability of mammalian cells, including mouse peritoneal macrophages. In vivo treatment efficacy studies used fluorescence imaging to noninvasively monitor changes in the red fluorescence produced by an infection of mCherry-L. major in a mouse model. A ZnDPA treatment regimen reduced the parasite burden nearly as well as the reference care agent, potassium antimony(III) tartrate, and with less necrosis in the local host tissue. The results demonstrate that ZnDPA coordination complexes are a promising new class of antileishmanial agents with potential for clinical translation.
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Wang C, Jin Q, Yang S, Zhang D, Wang Q, Li J, Song S, Sun Z, Ni Y, Zhang J, Yin Z. Synthesis and Evaluation of 131I-Skyrin as a Necrosis Avid Agent for Potential Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Solid Tumors. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:180-189. [PMID: 26647005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An innovative anticancer approach targeted to necrotic tissues, which serves as a noncancerous and generic anchor, may present a breakthrough. Necrosis avid agents with a flat conjugate aromatic structure selectively accumulate in necrotic tissues, but they easily form aggregates that undesirably distribute to normal tissues. In this study, skyrin, a dianthraquinone compound with smaller and distorted π-cores and thus decreased aggregates as compared with hypericin (Hyp), was designed to target necrosis for tumor therapy. Aggregation studies of skyrin by UV/vis spectroscopy showed a smaller self-association constant with skyrin than with Hyp. Skyrin was labeled by iodine-131 with a radiochemical purity of 98% and exhibited good stability in rat serum for 72 h. In vitro cell uptake studies showed significant difference in the uptake of 131I-skyrin by necrotic cells compared to normal cells (P < 0.05). Compared in rats with liver and muscle necrosis, radiobiodistribution, whole-body autoradiography, and SPECT/CT studies revealed higher accumulation of 131I-skyrin in necrotic liver and muscle (p < 0.05), but lower uptake in normal organs, relative to that of 131I-Hyp. In mice bearing H22 tumor xenografts treated with combretastatin A4 disodium phosphate, the highest uptake of 131I-skyrin was found in necrotic tumor. In conclusion, 131I-skyrin appears a promising agent with reduced accumulation in nontarget organs for targeted radionuclide therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shengwei Yang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jindian Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine , Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Ziping Sun
- Radiation Medical Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan 250062, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Nottelet B, Darcos V, Coudane J. Aliphatic polyesters for medical imaging and theranostic applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:350-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Clear KJ, Harmatys KM, Rice DR, Wolter WR, Suckow MA, Wang Y, Rusckowski M, Smith BD. Phenoxide-Bridged Zinc(II)-Bis(dipicolylamine) Probes for Molecular Imaging of Cell Death. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:363-75. [PMID: 26334386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is involved in many pathological conditions, and there is a need for clinical and preclinical imaging agents that can target and report cell death. One of the best known biomarkers of cell death is exposure of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of dead and dying cells. Synthetic zinc(II)-bis(dipicolylamine) (Zn2BDPA) coordination complexes are known to selectively recognize PS-rich membranes and act as cell death molecular imaging agents. However, there is a need to improve in vivo imaging performance by selectively increasing target affinity and decreasing off-target accumulation. This present study compared the cell death targeting ability of two new deep-red fluorescent probes containing phenoxide-bridged Zn2BDPA complexes. One probe was a bivalent version of the other and associated more strongly with PS-rich liposome membranes. However, the bivalent probe exhibited self-quenching on the membrane surface, so the monovalent version produced brighter micrographs of dead and dying cells in cell culture and also better fluorescence imaging contrast in two living animal models of cell death (rat implanted tumor with necrotic core and mouse thymus atrophy). An (111)In-labeled radiotracer version of the monovalent probe also exhibited selective cell death targeting ability in the mouse thymus atrophy model, with relatively high amounts detected in dead and dying tissue and low off-target accumulation in nonclearance organs. The in vivo biodistribution profile is the most favorable yet reported for a Zn2BDPA complex; thus, the monovalent phenoxide-bridged Zn2BDPA scaffold is a promising candidate for further development as a cell death imaging agent in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey J Clear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kara M Harmatys
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Douglas R Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William R Wolter
- Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame , 400 Galvin Life Science, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mark A Suckow
- Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame , 400 Galvin Life Science, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Mary Rusckowski
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame , 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Chan MM, Gray BD, Pak KY, Fong D. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of arthritis in a collagen-induced murine model with phosphatidylserine-binding near-infrared (NIR) dye. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:50. [PMID: 25889786 PMCID: PMC4396543 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Development of non-invasive molecular imaging techniques that are based on cellular changes in inflammation has been of active interest for arthritis diagnosis. This technology will allow real-time detection of tissue damage and facilitate earlier treatment of the disease, thus representing an improvement over X-rays, which detect bone damage at the advanced stage. Tracing apoptosis, an event occurring in inflammation, has been a strategy used. PSVue 794 is a low-molecular-weight, near-infrared (NIR)-emitting complex of bis(zinc2+-dipicolylamine) (Zn-DPA) that binds to phosphatidylserine (PS), a plasma membrane anionic phospholipid that becomes flipped externally upon cell death by apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of PSVue 794 to act as an in vivo probe for non-invasive molecular imaging assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via metabolic function in murine collagen-induced arthritis, a widely adopted animal model for RA. Methods Male DBA/1 strain mice were treated twice with chicken collagen type II in Freund’s adjuvant. Their arthritis development was determined by measuring footpad thickness and confirmed with X-ray analysis and histology. In vivo imaging was performed with the NIR dye and the LI-COR Odyssey Image System. The level of emission was compared among mice with different disease severity, non-arthritic mice and arthritic mice injected with a control dye without the Zn-DPA targeting moiety. Results Fluorescent emission correlated reliably with the degree of footpad swelling and the manifestation of arthritis. Ex vivo examination showed emission was from the joint. Specificity of binding was confirmed by the lack of emission when arthritic mice were given the control dye. Furthermore, the PS-binding protein annexin V displaced the NIR dye from binding, and the difference in emission was numerically measurable on a scale. Conclusions This report introduces an economical alternative method for assessing arthritis non-invasively in murine models. Inflammation in feet and ankles can be measured longitudinally using the PSVue 794 probe for cell death and with a commonly available multipurpose imager. This technique provides metabolic and functional information that anatomical measurement of footpad swelling or visual determination of arthritic index cannot. It also may decrease the number of animals required per experiment because tissue damage will not necessarily require evaluation by harvesting joints for histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., 833 Lincoln Avenue, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA.
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., 833 Lincoln Avenue, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA.
| | - Dunne Fong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Characterization of 18F-dipicolylamine (DPA) derivatives in cells infected with influenza virus. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zeng W, Wang X, Xu P, Liu G, Eden HS, Chen X. Molecular imaging of apoptosis: from micro to macro. Theranostics 2015; 5:559-82. [PMID: 25825597 PMCID: PMC4377726 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is involved in numerous human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer, and is often confused with other types of cell death. Therefore strategies that enable visualized detection of apoptosis would be of enormous benefit in the clinic for diagnosis, patient management, and development of new therapies. In recent years, improved understanding of the apoptotic machinery and progress in imaging modalities have provided opportunities for researchers to formulate microscopic and macroscopic imaging strategies based on well-defined molecular markers and/or physiological features. Correspondingly, a large collection of apoptosis imaging probes and approaches have been documented in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we mainly discuss microscopic imaging assays and macroscopic imaging probes, ranging in complexity from simple attachments of reporter moieties to proteins that interact with apoptotic biomarkers, to rationally designed probes that target biochemical changes. Their clinical translation will also be our focus.
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Palmowski K, Rix A, Lederle W, Behrendt FF, Mottaghy FM, Gray BD, Pak KY, Palmowski M, Kiessling F. A low molecular weight zinc2+-dipicolylamine-based probe detects apoptosis during tumour treatment better than an annexin V-based probe. Eur Radiol 2014; 24:363-70. [PMID: 24121671 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-3014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular imaging of apoptosis is frequently discussed for monitoring cancer therapies. Here, we compare the low molecular weight phosphatidylserine-targeting ligand zinc2+-dipicolylamine (Zn2+-DPA) with the established but reasonably larger protein annexin V. METHODS Molecular apoptosis imaging with the fluorescently labelled probes annexin V (750 nm, 36 kDa) and Zn2+-DPA (794 nm, 1.84 kDa) was performed in tumour-bearing mice (A431). Three animal groups were investigated: untreated controls and treated tumours after 1 or 4 days of anti-angiogenic therapy (SU11248). Additionally, μPET with 18 F-FDG was performed. Imaging data were displayed as tumour-to-muscle ratio (TMR) and validated by quantitative immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with untreated control tumours, TUNEL staining indicated significant apoptosis after 1 day (P < 0.05) and 4 days (P < 0.01) of treatment. Concordantly, Zn2+-DPA uptake increased significantly after 1 day (P < 0.05) and 4 days (P < 0.01). Surprisingly, annexin V failed to detect significant differences between control and treated animals. Contrary to the increasing uptake of Zn2+-DPA, 18 F-FDG tumour uptake decreased significantly at days 1 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Increase in apoptosis during anti-angiogenic therapy was detected significantly better with the low molecular weight probe Zn2+-DPA than with the annexin V-based probe. Additionally, significant treatment effects were detectable as early using Zn2+-DPA as with measurements of the glucose metabolism using 18 F-FDG. KEY POINTS • The detection of apoptosis by non-invasive imaging is important in oncology. • A new low molecular weight probe Zn2+-DPA shows promise in depicting anti-angiogenic effects. • The small Zn2+-DPA ligand appears well suited for monitoring therapy. • Treatment effects are detectable just as early with Zn2+-DPA as with 18F-FDG.
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Patel MB, Stavri A, Curvey NS, Gokel GW. Hydraphile synthetic ion channels alter root architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11562-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kwong JMK, Hoang C, Dukes RT, Yee RW, Gray BD, Pak KY, Caprioli J. Bis(zinc-dipicolylamine), Zn-DPA, a new marker for apoptosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:4913-21. [PMID: 25034598 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the labeling of apoptotic cells with a molecular probe of bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) (Zn-DPA) conjugated with a fluorescent reporter in a rat model of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). METHODS Adult Wistar rats were given unilateral intravitreal injections of 3 μL 40 mM neutralized NMDA and euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours. One hour before euthanasia, 3 μL Zn-DPA conjugated with fluorescein (Zn-DPA 480) was intravitreally injected. Prelabeling of RGC with retrograde fluorogold (FG), TUNEL, and immunohistochemistry with III β-tubulin and vimentin were performed. RESULTS Fluorescence labeling of Zn-DPA 480 was observed in the retinas from 1 hour up to 24 hours after NMDA injection, whereas the labeling was reduced at 48 hours postinjection. At both 4 and 24 hours postinjection, most Zn-DPA 480-positive cells in the RGC layer were labeled by FG and III β-tubulin. The number of TUNEL-positive cells increased from 4 to 24 hours. At 24 hours, 95.7% of Zn-DPA 480-positive cells were TUNEL positive, whereas 95.1% of TUNEL-positive cells were Zn-DPA 480 positive. The numbers of Zn-DPA 480-positive cells at 1 and 2 hours after NMDA injection were significantly higher than TUNEL. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that intravitreal injection of fluorescent Zn-DPA 480 labels retinal neurons undergoing apoptosis and that recognition of exposed phosphatidylserine appears earlier than detection of DNA fragmentation, indicating the potential of Zn-DPA as an imaging probe for tracking degenerating retinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky M K Kwong
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Celia Hoang
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Reshil T Dukes
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Richard W Yee
- Cizik Eye Clinic, Hermann University Eye Associates, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Hu X, Wang Q, Liu Y, Liu H, Qin C, Cheng K, Robinson W, Gray BD, Pak KY, Yu A, Cheng Z. Optical imaging of articular cartilage degeneration using near-infrared dipicolylamine probes. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7511-21. [PMID: 24912814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is the hydrated tissue that lines the ends of long bones in load bearing joints and provides joints with a smooth, nearly frictionless gliding surface. However, the deterioration of articular cartilage occurs in the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) and is clinically and radiographically silent. Here two cationic near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dipicolylamine (DPA) probes, Cy5-DPA-Zn and Cy7-DPA-Zn, were prepared for cartilage degeneration imaging and OA early detection through binding to the anionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The feasibility of NIRF dye labeled DPA-Zn probes for cartilage degeneration imaging was examined ex vivo and in vivo. The ex vivo studies showed that Cy5-DPA-Zn and Cy7-DPA-Zn not only showed the high uptake and electrostatic attractive binding to cartilage, but also sensitively reflected the change of GAGs contents. In vivo imaging study further indicated that Cy5-DPA-Zn demonstrated higher uptake and retention in young mice (high GAGs) than old mice (low GAGs) when administrated via local injection in mouse knee joints. More importantly, Cy5-DPA-Zn showed dramatic higher signals in sham joint (high GAGs) than OA side (low GAGs), through sensitive reflecting the change of GAGs in the surgical induced OA models. In summary, Cy5-DPA-Zn provides promising visual detection for early cartilage pathological degeneration in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chunxia Qin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William Robinson
- Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd., Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Cooley CM, Hettie KS, Klockow JL, Garrison S, Glass TE. A selective fluorescent chemosensor for phosphoserine. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:7387-92. [PMID: 24065122 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of phosphoserine is reported. The ditopic sensor features a phosphate-coordinating zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (Zn(2+)-DPA) unit tethered to an amine-binding coumarin aldehyde fluorophore. With phosphoserine, the sensor demonstrates a 30-fold fluorescence enhancement under buffered aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Cooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 South College Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Plaunt AJ, Harmatys KM, Wolter WR, Suckow MA, Smith BD. Library synthesis, screening, and discovery of modified Zinc(II)-Bis(dipicolylamine) probe for enhanced molecular imaging of cell death. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:724-37. [PMID: 24575875 PMCID: PMC3993938 DOI: 10.1021/bc500003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Zinc(II)-bis(dipicolylamine)
(Zn-BDPA) coordination complexes selectively
target the surfaces of dead and dying mammalian cells, and they have
promise as molecular probes for imaging cell death. A necessary step
toward eventual clinical imaging applications is the development of
next-generation Zn-BDPA complexes with enhanced affinity for the cell
death membrane biomarker, phosphatidylserine (PS). This study employed
an iterative cycle of library synthesis and screening, using a novel
rapid equilibrium dialysis assay, to discover a modified Zn-BDPA structure
with high and selective affinity for vesicles containing PS. The lead
structure was converted into a deep-red fluorescent probe and its
targeting and imaging performance was compared with an unmodified
control Zn-BDPA probe. The evaluation process included a series of
FRET-based vesicle titration studies, cell microscopy experiments,
and rat tumor biodistribution measurements. In all cases, the modified
probe exhibited comparatively higher affinity and selectivity for
the target membranes of dead and dying cells. The results show that
this next-generation deep-red fluorescent Zn-BDPA probe is well suited
for preclinical molecular imaging of cell death in cell cultures and
animal models. Furthermore, it should be possible to substitute the
deep-red fluorophore with alternative reporter groups that enable
clinically useful, deep-tissue imaging modalities, such as MRI and
nuclear imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Plaunt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall and ‡Department of Biological Science, Galvin Life Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, 46556 Indiana, United States
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Wang H, Tang X, Tang G, Huang T, Liang X, Hu K, Deng H, Yi C, Shi X, Wu K. Noninvasive positron emission tomography imaging of cell death using a novel small-molecule probe, (18)F labeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) complex. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1017-27. [PMID: 23613106 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) (DPAZn2) coordination complexes are known to have a high specific and selective affinity to target the exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of dead and dying cells. An (18)F-labeled DPAZn2 complex (4-(18)F-Fluoro-benzoyl-bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine), (18)F-FB-DPAZn2) as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer was developed and evaluated for in vivo imaging of tumor treated with a chemical agent. The in vitro cell stain studies revealed that fluorescent DPAZn2 complexes (Dansyl-DPAZn2) stained the same cells (apoptotic and necrotic cells) as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled Annexin V (FITC-Annexin V). The radiosynthesis of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 was achieved through the amidation the precursor bis(2,2'-dipicolylamine) derivative (DPA2) with the prosthetic group N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]-fluorobenzoate ((18)F-SFB) and chelation with zinc nitrate. In the biodistribution study, the fast clearance of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 from blood and kidney was observed and high uptake in liver and intestine within 90 min postinjection was also found. For the PET imaging, significantly higher tumor uptake of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 was observed in the adriamycin (ADM)-treated Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice than that in the untreated tumor-model mice, while a slightly decreased tumor uptake of (18)F-FDG was found in the ADM-treated tumor-bearing mice. The results indicate that (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 has the similar capability of apoptosis detection as FITC-Annexin V and seems to be a potential PET tracer for noninvasive evaluation and monitoring of anti-tumor chemotherapy. The high uptake of (18)F-FB-DPAZn2 in the abdomen needs to optimize the structure for improving its pharmacokinetics characteristics in the future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Ptaszek M. Rational design of fluorophores for in vivo applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 113:59-108. [PMID: 23244789 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386932-6.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several classes of small organic molecules exhibit properties that make them suitable for fluorescence in vivo imaging. The most promising candidates are cyanines, squaraines, boron dipyrromethenes, porphyrin derivatives, hydroporphyrins, and phthalocyanines. The recent designing and synthetic efforts have been dedicated to improving their optical properties (shift the absorption and emission maxima toward longer wavelengths and increase the brightness) as well as increasing their stability and water solubility. The most notable advances include development of encapsulated cyanine dyes with increased stability and water solubility, squaraine rotaxanes with increased stability, long-wavelength-absorbing boron dipyrromethenes, long-wavelength-absorbing porphyrin and hydroporphyrin derivatives, and water-soluble phthalocyanines. Recent advances in luminescence and bioluminescence have made self-illuminating fluorophores available for in vivo applications. Development of new types of hydroporphyrin energy-transfer dyads gives the promise for further advances in in vivo multicolor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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37
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Gokel GW, Negin S. Synthetic ion channels: from pores to biological applications. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2824-33. [PMID: 23738778 DOI: 10.1021/ar400026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this Account, we describe the development of several diverse families of synthetic, membrane-active amphiphiles that form pores and facilitate transport within membrane bilayers. For the most part, the compounds are amphiphiles that insert into the bilayer and form pores either on their own or by self-assembly. The first family of synthetic ion channels prepared in our lab, the hydraphiles, used crown ethers as head groups and as a polar central element. In a range of biophysical studies, we showed that the hydraphiles formed unimolecular pores that spanned the bilayer. They mediated the transport of Na(+) and K(+) but were blocked by Ag(+). The hydraphiles are nonrectifying and disrupt ion homeostasis. As a result, these synthetic ion channels are toxic to various bacteria and yeast, a feature that has been used therapeutically in direct injection chemotherapy. We also developed a family of amphiphilic heptapeptide ion transporters that selected Cl(-) >10-fold over K(+) and showed voltage dependent gating. The formed pores were approximately dimeric, and variations in the N- and C-terminal anchor chains and the acids affected transport rates. Surprisingly, the longer N-terminal anchor chains led to less transport but greater Cl(-) selectivity. A proline residue, which is present in the ClC protein channel's conductance pore, proved to be critical for Cl(-) transport selectivity. Pyrogallol[4]arenes are macrocycles formed by acid-catalyzed condensation of four 1,2,3- trihydroxybenzenes with four aldehydes. The combination of 12 hydroxyl groups on one face of the macrocycle and four pendant alkyl chains conferred considerable amphiphilicity to these compounds. The pyrogallol[4]arenes inserted into bilayer membranes and conducted ions. Based on our experimental evidence, the ions passed through a self-assembled pore comprising four or five amphiphiles rather than passing through the central opening of a single macrocycle. Pyrogallol[4]arenes constructed with branched chains are also amphiphilic and active in membranes. The pyrogallol[4]arene with 3-pentyl sidechains formed a unique nanotube assembly and functioned as an ion channel in bilayer membranes. Finally, we showed that dianilides of either isophthalic or dipicolinic acids, compounds which have been extensively studied as anion binders, can self-assemble to form pores within bilayers. We called these dianilides tris-arenes and have shown that they readily bind to phosphate anions. These structures also mediated the transport of DNA plasmids through vital bilayer membranes in the bacterium Escherichia coli and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . This transformation or transfection process occurred readily and without any apparent toxicity or mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W. Gokel
- Departments of †Chemistry & Biochemistry and ‡Biology, §Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri—St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Saeedeh Negin
- Departments of †Chemistry & Biochemistry and ‡Biology, §Center for Nanoscience, University of Missouri—St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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Bunschoten A, Welling MM, Termaat MF, Sathekge M, van Leeuwen FWB. Development and Prospects of Dedicated Tracers for the Molecular Imaging of Bacterial Infections. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1971-89. [PMID: 24200346 DOI: 10.1021/bc4003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bunschoten
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. M. Welling
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. F. Termaat
- Department
of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F. W. B. van Leeuwen
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Illuminating the lipidome to advance biomedical research: peptide-based probes of membrane lipids. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:947-59. [PMID: 23682570 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic investigation of the lipidome will reveal new opportunities for disease diagnosis and intervention. However, lipidomic research has been hampered by the lack of molecular tools to track specific lipids of interest. Accumulating reports indicate lipid recognition can be achieved with properly constructed short peptides in addition to large proteins. This review summarizes the key developments of this area within the past decade. Select lantibiotic peptides present the best examples of low-molecular-weight probes of membrane lipids, displaying selectivity comparable to lipid-binding proteins. Designed peptides, through biomimetic approaches and combinational screening, have begun to demonstrate their potential for lipid tracking in cultured cells and even in living organisms. Biophysical characterization of these lipid-targeting peptides has revealed certain features critical for selective membrane binding, including preorganized scaffolds and the balance of polar and nonpolar interactions. The knowledge summarized herein should facilitate the development of molecular tools to target a variety of membrane lipids.
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Indocyanine green loaded SPIO nanoparticles with phospholipid-PEG coating for dual-modal imaging and photothermal therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7706-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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IR-780 dye loaded tumor targeting theranostic nanoparticles for NIR imaging and photothermal therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6853-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Smith BA, Harmatys KM, Xiao S, Cole EL, Plaunt AJ, Wolter W, Suckow MA, Smith BD. Enhanced cell death imaging using multivalent zinc(II)-bis(dipicolylamine) fluorescent probes. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3296-303. [PMID: 23915311 DOI: 10.1021/mp300720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a clinical need for imaging technologies that can accurately detect cell death in a multitude of pathological conditions. Zinc(II)-bis(dipicolylamine) (Zn2BDPA) coordination complexes are known to associate with the anionic phosphatidylserine that is exposed on the surface of dead and dying cells, and fluorescent monovalent Zn2BDPA probes are successful cell death imaging agents. This present study compared the membrane targeting ability of two structurally related deep-red fluorescent probes, bis-Zn2BDPA-SR and tetra-Zn2BDPA-SR, with two and four appended Zn2BDPA units, respectively. Vesicle and cell microscopy studies indicated that a higher number of Zn2BDPA targeting units improved probe selectivity for phosphatidylserine-rich vesicles, and increased probe localization at the plasma membrane of dead and dying cells. The fluorescent probes were also tested in three separate animal models, (1) necrotic prostate tumor rat model, (2) thymus atrophy mouse model, and (3) traumatic brain injury mouse model. In each case, there was more tetra-Zn2BDPA-SR accumulation at the site of cell death than bis-Zn2BDPA-SR. The results indicate that multivalent Zn2BDPA probes are promising molecules for effective imaging of cell death processes in cell culture and in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Xiao S, Turkyilmaz S, Smith BD. Convenient Synthesis of Multivalent Zinc(II)-Dipicolylamine Complexes for Molecular Recognition. Tetrahedron Lett 2013; 54:861-864. [PMID: 23459472 PMCID: PMC3580864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A pair of novel dipicolylamine ligands bearing isothiocyanate groups were used as conjugation reagents to prepare multivalent molecules with anionic recognition capability. The isothiocyanates were reacted with two classes of dendritic scaffolds bearing primary amines, squaraine rotaxanes and PAMAM dendrimers, and the products were converted into water soluble zinc(II) coordination complexes. The multivalent squaraine rotaxanes exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields in water and are very well suited for biological imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Serhan Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Hydraphiles: a rigorously studied class of synthetic channel compounds with in vivo activity. Int J Biomed Imaging 2013; 2013:803579. [PMID: 23401675 PMCID: PMC3562588 DOI: 10.1155/2013/803579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydraphiles are a class of synthetic ion channels that now have a twenty-year history of analysis and success. In early studies, these compounds were rigorously validated in a wide range of in vitro assays including liposomal ion flow detected by NMR or ion-selective electrodes, as well as biophysical experiments in planar bilayers. During the past decade, biological activity was observed for these compounds including toxicity to bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells due to stress caused by the disruption of ion homeostasis. The channel mechanism was verified in cells using membrane polarity sensitive dyes, as well as patch clamping studies. This body of work has provided a solid foundation with which hydraphiles have recently demonstrated acute biological toxicity in the muscle tissue of living mice, as measured by whole animal fluorescence imaging and histological studies. Here we review the critical structure-activity relationships in the hydraphile family of compounds and the in vitro and in cellulo experiments that have validated their channel behavior. This report culminates with a description of recently reported efforts in which these molecules have demonstrated activity in living mice.
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Smith BA, Smith BD. Biomarkers and molecular probes for cell death imaging and targeted therapeutics. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1989-2006. [PMID: 22989049 DOI: 10.1021/bc3003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a critically important biological process. Disruption of homeostasis, either by excessive or deficient cell death, is a hallmark of many pathological conditions. Recent research advances have greatly increased our molecular understanding of cell death and its role in a range of diseases and therapeutic treatments. Central to these ongoing research and clinical efforts is the need for imaging technologies that can locate and identify cell death in a wide array of in vitro and in vivo biomedical samples with varied spatiotemporal requirements. This review article summarizes community efforts over the past five years to identify useful biomarkers for dead and dying cells, and to develop molecular probes that target these biomarkers for optical, radionuclear, or magnetic resonance imaging. Apoptosis biomarkers are classified as either intracellular (caspase enzymes, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic proteins) or extracellular (plasma membrane phospholipids, membrane potential, surface exposed histones). Necrosis, autophagy, and senescence biomarkers are described, as well as unexplored cell death biomarkers. The article discusses possible chemotherapeutic and theranostic strategies, and concludes with a summary of current challenges and expected eventual rewards of clinical cell death imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Zheng C, Zheng M, Gong P, Jia D, Zhang P, Shi B, Sheng Z, Ma Y, Cai L. Indocyanine green-loaded biodegradable tumor targeting nanoprobes for in vitro and in vivo imaging. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5603-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Smith BA, Xie BW, van Beek ER, Que I, Blankevoort V, Xiao S, Cole EL, Hoehn M, Kaijzel EL, Löwik CWGM, Smith BD. Multicolor fluorescence imaging of traumatic brain injury in a cryolesion mouse model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:530-7. [PMID: 22860222 DOI: 10.1021/cn3000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is characterized by initial tissue damage, which then can lead to secondary processes such as cell death and blood-brain-barrier disruption. Clinical and preclinical studies of traumatic brain injury typically employ anatomical imaging techniques and there is a need for new molecular imaging methods that provide complementary biochemical information. Here, we assess the ability of a targeted, near-infrared fluorescent probe, named PSS-794, to detect cell death in a brain cryolesion mouse model that replicates certain features of traumatic brain injury. In short, the model involves brief contact of a cold rod to the head of a living, anesthetized mouse. Using noninvasive whole-body fluorescence imaging, PSS-794 permitted visualization of the cryolesion in the living animal. Ex vivo imaging and histological analysis confirmed PSS-794 localization to site of brain cell death. The nontargeted, deep-red Tracer-653 was validated as a tracer dye for monitoring blood-brain-barrier disruption, and a binary mixture of PSS-794 and Tracer-653 was employed for multicolor imaging of cell death and blood-brain-barrier permeability in a single animal. The imaging data indicates that at 3 days after brain cryoinjury the amount of cell death had decreased significantly, but the integrity of the blood-brain-barrier was still impaired; at 7 days, the blood-brain-barrier was still three times more permeable than before cryoinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bang-Wen Xie
- Molecular Endocrinology and
Molecular Imaging, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Ermond R. van Beek
- Molecular Endocrinology and
Molecular Imaging, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Que
- Molecular Endocrinology and
Molecular Imaging, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Vicky Blankevoort
- Molecular Endocrinology and
Molecular Imaging, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Shuzhang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Erin L. Cole
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, D-50931,
Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric L. Kaijzel
- Molecular Endocrinology and
Molecular Imaging, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W. G. M. Löwik
- Molecular Endocrinology and
Molecular Imaging, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Demchenko AP. Beyond annexin V: fluorescence response of cellular membranes to apoptosis. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:157-72. [PMID: 22797774 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dramatic changes in the structure of cell membranes on apoptosis allow easy, sensitive and non-destructive analysis of this process with the application of fluorescence methods. The strong plasma membrane asymmetry is present in living cells, and its loss on apoptosis is commonly detected with the probes interacting strongly and specifically with phosphatidylserine (PS). This phospholipid becomes exposed to the cell surface, and the application of annexin V labeled with fluorescent dye is presently the most popular tool for its detection. Several methods have been suggested recently that offer important advantages over annexin V assay with the ability to study apoptosis by spectroscopy of cell suspensions, flow cytometry and confocal or two-photon microscopy. The PS exposure marks the integrated changes in the outer leaflet of cell membrane that involve electrostatic potential and hydration, and the attempts are being made to provide direct probing of these changes. This review describes the basic mechanisms underlying the loss of membrane asymmetry during apoptosis and discusses, in comparison with the annexin V-binding assay, the novel fluorescence techniques of detecting apoptosis on cellular membrane level. In more detail we describe the detection method based on smart fluorescent dye F2N12S incorporated into outer leaflet of cell membrane and reporting on apoptotic cell transformation by easily detectable change of the spectral distribution of fluorescent emission. It can be adapted to any assay format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Demchenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 01030, Ukraine,
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Gokel GW, Negin S. Synthetic membrane active amphiphiles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:784-96. [PMID: 22306202 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past several decades, various synthetic organic compounds that form pores in bilayer membranes have been prepared and studied. These membrane active amphiphiles have also proved to be useful in affecting the transport of molecules into or through the bilayer. This article discusses the evolution of these compounds and exemplifies recent applications such as enhancement of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Gokel
- Center for Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri - Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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50
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Ngo HT, Liu X, Jolliffe KA. Anion recognition and sensing with Zn(II)-dipicolylamine complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4928-65. [PMID: 22688834 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35087d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This critical review covers the developments in anion recognition and sensing using Zn(II)-dipicolylamine functionalized receptors over the past decade with emphasis on recent rapid advances in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Tien Ngo
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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