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Wang X, Hao X, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhou J, Cheng Z, Chen J, Liu S, Pan J, Wang Y, Fan JB. Bioinspired Adaptive Microdrugs Enhance the Chemotherapy of Malignant Glioma: Beyond Their Nanodrugs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405165. [PMID: 38758975 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Solid nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery systems are usually confined to nanoscale due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. However, they remain a great challenge for malignant glioma chemotherapy because of poor drug delivery efficiency and insufficient tumor penetration resulting from the blood-brain barrier/blood-brain tumor barrier (BBB/BBTB). Inspired by biological microparticles (e.g., cells) with excellent adaptive deformation, it is demonstrated that the adaptive microdrugs (even up to 3.0 µm in size) are more efficient than their nanodrugs (less than 200 nm in size) to cross BBB/BBTB and penetrate into tumor tissues, achieving highly efficient chemotherapy of malignant glioma. The distinct delivery of the adaptive microdrugs is mainly attributed to the enhanced interfacial binding and endocytosis via adaptive deformation. As expected, the obtained adaptive microdrugs exhibit enhanced accumulation, deep penetration, and cellular internalization into tumor tissues in comparison with nanodrugs, significantly improving the survival rate of glioblastoma mice. It is believed that the bioinspired adaptive microdrugs enable them to efficiently cross physiological barriers and deeply penetrate tumor tissues for drug delivery, providing an avenue for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiangrong Hao
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yangning Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Qun Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhongman Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Bing Fan
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
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2
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Chu D, Qu H, Huang X, Shi Y, Li K, Lin W, Xu Z, Li D, Chen H, Gao L, Wang W, Wang H. Manganese Amplifies Photoinduced ROS in Toluidine Blue Carbon Dots to Boost MRI Guided Chemo/Photodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304968. [PMID: 37715278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The contrast agents and tumor treatments currently used in clinical practice are far from satisfactory, due to the specificity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Identification of diagnostic and therapeutic reagents with strong contrast and therapeutic effect remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel carbon dot nanozyme (Mn-CD) is synthesized for the first time using toluidine blue (TB) and manganese as raw materials. As expected, the enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging capability of Mn-CDs is realized in response to the TME (acidity and glutathione), and r1 and r2 relaxation rates are enhanced by 224% and 249%, respectively. In addition, the photostability of Mn-CDs is also improved, and show an efficient singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) yield of 1.68. Moreover, Mn-CDs can also perform high-efficiency peroxidase (POD)-like activity and catalyze hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals, which is greatly improved under the light condition. The results both in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that the Mn-CDs are able to achieve real-time MR imaging of TME responsiveness through aggregation of the enhanced permeability and retention effect at tumor sites and facilitate light-enhanced chemodynamic and photodynamic combination therapies. This work opens a new perspective in terms of the role of carbon nanomaterials in integrated diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchuan Chu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Hang Qu
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xueping Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Ke Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Wenzheng Lin
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Zhuobin Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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Agarry IE, Ding D, Cai T, Wu Z, Huang P, Kan J, Chen K. Inulin-whey protein as efficient vehicle carrier system for chlorophyll: Optimization, characterization, and functional food application. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3445-3459. [PMID: 37458284 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural chlorophylls mostly found in vegetables such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea) could be employed as a possible substitute for synthetic colorants because of their intense green properties. However, the stability of natural chlorophyll is a major challenge to its utilization in the food industry. In this study, spray drying as an encapsulation technique was used to improve the stability of natural chlorophyll. Box-Behnken design was utilized to optimize the spray drying conditions for chlorophyll. Optimum conditions were given as inlet temperature, 132°C; inulin-to-whey protein isolate ratio, 61%:39%; pump rate, 25%, resulting in 92.3% encapsulation efficiency, 69.4% solubility, and -13.5 mV zeta potential at a desirability level of 0.901. The particle size, Carr index, bulk and tapped density, polydispersity index, and color showed satisfactory results. Crystallinity, endothermic peak melting temperature, and the enthalpy of chlorophyll-loaded microcapsules increased when compared to the blank microcapsules suggesting decreased hygroscopicity and enhanced thermal stability. In addition, the suitability of fabricated microcapsules using yogurt as a food model was assessed. Yogurt incorporated with chlorophyll-loaded microcapsules showed no significant pH modification with better apparent viscosity than control and sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) yogurt after 9 days of refrigerated storage. Based on the studied responses, the spray drying process could be optimized to achieve optimal output and product quality. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Spray drying is a cheap and convenient approach for microencapsulating bioactive compounds such as chlorophyll. However, the physico-chemical and functional properties of the spray-dried microcapsules are influenced by operating conditions, such as inlet temperature, type and concentration of wall materials, and feed flow rate. Therefore, to maximize and obtain a superior quality of the final product, there is a need to optimize the spray drying process. The Box-Behnken design employed in this study could be utilized as an appropriate technique to design, enhance, and develop process parameters for the fabrication and better retention of the physico-chemical properties of spray-dried chlorophyll microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Emiezi Agarry
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, PR China
- China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Desheng Ding
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, PR China
- China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tian Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhulian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pimiao Huang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, PR China
- China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, PR China
- China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Chongqing, PR China
- China-Hungary Cooperative Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, PR China
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Conjugates of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles as Potential Anticancer Target-Oriented Photosensitizers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:10. [PMID: 36826755 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive treatment of tumors using photosensitizers, light, and reactive oxygen species, which can destroy cellular structures. With the development of photodynamic therapy, significant efforts have been made to create new efficient photosensitizers with improved delivery to cells, stability, and selectivity against cancer tissues. Naturally occurring tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, such as porphyrins and chlorins, are very attractive as photosensitizers, and their structural modification and conjugation with other biologically active molecules are promising approaches for creating new photosensitizers specifically targeting cancer cells. The present review aims to highlight recent developments in the design, preparation, and investigation of complex conjugates of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, which can potentially be used as sensitizers for target-oriented photodynamic therapy of cancer. In this review, we discuss the structure, photodynamic effect, and anticancer activity of the following conjugates of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles: (1) conjugates obtained by modifying peripheral substituents in porphyrins and chlorins; (2) conjugates of porphyrins and chlorins with lipids, carbohydrates, steroids, and peptides; (3) conjugates of porphyrins and chlorins with anticancer drugs and some other biologically active molecules; (4) metal-containing conjugates. The question of how the conjugate structure affects its specificity, internalization, localization, and photoinduced toxicity within cancer cells is the focus of this review.
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Zhao H, Li Y, Zhang X, Wu K, Lv J, Chen C, Liu H, Shi Z, Ju H, Liu Y. Orthogonal excitations of lanthanide nanoparticle up/down conversion emissions via switching NIR lights for in-vivo theranostics. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Dukh M, Cacaccio J, Durrani FA, Kumar I, Watson R, Tabaczynski WA, Joshi P, Missert JR, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Impact of mono- and di-β-galactose moieties in in vitro / in vivo anticancer efficacy of pyropheophorbide-carbohydrate conjugates by photodynamic therapy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY REPORTS 2022; 5:100047. [PMID: 36568335 PMCID: PMC9776133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2022.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of mono- and di-β-galactose moieties in tumor uptake and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy, HPPH [3-(1'-hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorobide-a], the meso pyropheophorbide-a [3-ethyl-3-devinyl-pyropheophorbide-a], and the corresponding 20-benzoic acid analogs were used as starting materials. Reaction of the intermediates containing one or two carboxylic acid functionalities with 1-aminogalactose afforded the desired 172- or 20(4')- mono- and 172, 20(4')-di galactose conjugated photosensitizers (PSs) with and without a carboxylic acid group. The overall lipophilicity caused by the presence of galactose in combination with either an ethyl or (1'-hexyloxy)ethyl side chain at position-3 of the macrocycle made a significant difference in in vitro uptake by tumor cells and photoreaction upon light exposure. Interestingly, among the PSs investigated, compared to HPPH 1 the carbohydrate conjugates 2 and 11 in which β-galactose moieties are conjugated at positions 172 and 20(4') of meso-pyro pheophorbide-a showed similar in vitro efficacy in FaDu cell lines, but in SCID mice bearing FaDu tumors (head & neck) Ps 11 gave significantly improved long-term tumor cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo Dukh
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | | | | | - Ishaan Kumar
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ramona Watson
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | | | - Penny Joshi
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | | | - Heinz Baumann
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA,Corresponding author. (R.K. Pandey)
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7
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Synthesis and Design of Purpurin-18-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Improved Anticancer Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051064. [PMID: 35631650 PMCID: PMC9146874 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpurin-18 (P18) is one of the essential photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), but its hydrophobicity causes easy coalescence and poor bioavailability. This study aimed to synthesize P18 and design P18-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve its bioavailability. The characteristics of the synthesized P18 and SLNs were evaluated by particle characteristics and release studies. The effects of P18 were evaluated using the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) assay as a nonbiological assay and a phototoxicity assay against HeLa and A549 cell lines as a biological assay. The mean particle size and zeta potential of the SLNs were 164.70–762.53 nm and −16.77–25.54 mV, respectively. These results indicate that P18-loaded SLNs are suitable for an enhanced permeability and retention effect as a passive targeting anti-cancer strategy. The formulations exhibited a burst and sustained release based on their stability. The DPBF assay indicated that the PDT effect of P18 improved when it was entrapped in the SLNs. The photocytotoxicity assay indicated that P18-loaded SLNs possessed light cytotoxicity but no dark cytotoxicity. In addition, the PDT activity of the formulations was cell type- and size-dependent. These results suggest that the designed P18-loaded SLNs are a promising tool for anticancer treatment using PDT.
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8
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Lebedeva NS, Koifman OI. Supramolecular Systems Based on Macrocyclic Compounds with Proteins: Application Prospects. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Subhan MA, Attia SA, Torchilin VP. Advances in siRNA delivery strategies for the treatment of MDR cancer. Life Sci 2021; 274:119337. [PMID: 33713664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising therapeutic method that uses siRNA for cancer treatment. Although the RNAi technique has been increasingly used for clinical trials, systemic siRNA delivery into targeted cells is still challenging. The barriers impeding siRNA therapeutics delivery and impacting the treatment outcome must overcome with negligible systemic toxicity for a desirable and successful delivery of siRNA to MDR cancer cells. Nano delivery strategies have been investigated for nanocarrier functionalization, cancer immunotherapy and cancer targeting. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), dynamic polyconjugates (DPC™), GalNAc-siRNA conjugates, exosome and RBC systems have shown potential for efficient delivery of siRNA to cancer cells. Delivery of siRNA to tumor cells, immune cells to regulate T cell functions for immunotherapy are promising approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Sara Aly Attia
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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10
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Cheruku RR, Cacaccio J, Durrani FA, Tabaczynski WA, Watson R, Siters K, Missert JR, Tracy EC, Guru K, Koya RC, Kalinski P, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Synthesis, Tumor Specificity, and Photosensitizing Efficacy of Erlotinib-Conjugated Chlorins and Bacteriochlorins: Identification of a Highly Effective Candidate for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:741-767. [PMID: 33400524 PMCID: PMC9125565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Erlotinib was covalently linked to 3-(1'-hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and structurally related chlorins and bacteriochlorins at different positions of the tetrapyrrole ring. The functional consequence of each modification was determined by quantifying the uptake and subcellular deposition of the erlotinib conjugates, cellular response to therapeutic light treatment in tissue cultures, and in eliminating of corresponding tumors grown as a xenograft in SCID mice. The experimental human cancer models the established cell lines UMUC3 (bladder), FaDu (hypopharynx), and primary cultures of head and neck tumor cells. The effectiveness of the compounds was compared to that of HPPH. Furthermore, specific functional contribution of the carboxylic acid side group at position 172 and the chiral methyl group at 3(1') to the overall activity of the chimeric compounds was assessed. Among the conjugates investigated, the PS 10 was identified as the most effective candidate for achieving tumor cell-specific accumulation and yielding improved long-term tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra R. Cheruku
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Joseph Cacaccio
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Farukh A. Durrani
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Walter A. Tabaczynski
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Ramona Watson
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Kevin Siters
- Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14223
| | - Joseph R. Missert
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Erin C. Tracy
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Richard C. Koya
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Heinz Baumann
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, NY 14263
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11
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Lin Y, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Chemical approaches for the enhancement of porphyrin skeleton-based photodynamic therapy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1080-1099. [PMID: 32329382 PMCID: PMC7241559 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1755669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT), remarkable studies have been conducted to generate photosensitisers (PSs), especially porphyrin PSs. A variety of chemical modifications of the porphyrin skeleton have been introduced to improve cellular delivery, stability, and selectivity for cancerous tissues. This review aims to highlight the developments in porphyrin-based structural modifications, with a specific emphasis on the role of PDT in anticancer treatment and the design of PSs to achieve a synergistic effect on multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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12
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de Las Heras E, Boix-Garriga E, Bryden F, Agut M, Mora M, Sagristá ML, Boyle RW, Lange N, Nonell S. c(RGDfK)- and ZnTriMPyP-Bound Polymeric Nanocarriers for Tumor-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:570-580. [PMID: 32104926 DOI: 10.1111/php.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Active targeting strategies are currently being extensively investigated in order to enhance the selectivity of photodynamic therapy. The aim of the present research was to evaluate whether the external decoration of nanopolymeric carriers with targeting peptides could add more value to a photosensitizer formulation and increase antitumor therapeutic efficacy and selectivity. To this end, we assessed PLGA-PLA-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) covalently attached to a hydrophilic photosensitizer 5-[4-azidophenyl]-10,15,20-tri-(N-methyl-4-pyridinium)porphyrinato zinc (II) trichloride (ZnTriMPyP) and also to c(RGDfK) peptides, in order to target αv β3 integrin-expressing cells. In vitro phototoxicity investigations showed that the ZnTriMPyP-PLGA-PLA-PEG-c(RGDfK) nanosystem is effective at submicromolar concentrations, is devoid of dark toxicity, successfully targets αv β3 integrin-expressing cells and is 10-fold more potent than related nanosystems where the PS is occluded instead of covalently bound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Bryden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Montserrat Agut
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Mora
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Lluïsa Sagristá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ross W Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Norbert Lange
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Santi Nonell
- IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Belykh DV. C–O, C–S, C–N, and C–C Bond Formation at the Periphery of the Macrocycle during Chemical Modification of Phytochlorins: Key Methods and Synthetic Applications. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Pavlíčková V, Rimpelová S, Jurášek M, Záruba K, Fähnrich J, Křížová I, Bejček J, Rottnerová Z, Spiwok V, Drašar P, Ruml T. PEGylated Purpurin 18 with Improved Solubility: Potent Compounds for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:E4477. [PMID: 31817655 PMCID: PMC6943672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpurin 18 derivatives with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker were synthesized as novel photosensitizers (PSs) with the goal of using them in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. These compounds, derived from a second-generation PS, exhibit absorption at long wavelengths; considerable singlet oxygen generation and, in contrast to purpurin 18, have higher hydrophilicity due to decreased logP. Together, these properties make them potentially ideal PSs. To verify this, we screened the developed compounds for cell uptake, intracellular localization, antitumor activity and induced cell death type. All of the tested compounds were taken up into cancer cells of various origin and localized in organelles known to be important PDT targets, specifically, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. The incorporation of a zinc ion and PEGylation significantly enhanced the photosensitizing efficacy, decreasing IC50 (half maximal inhibitory compound concentration) in HeLa cells by up to 170 times compared with the parental purpurin 18. At effective PDT concentrations, the predominant type of induced cell death was apoptosis. Overall, our results show that the PEGylated derivatives presented have significant potential as novel PSs with substantially augmented phototoxicity for application in the PDT of cervical, prostate, pancreatic and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Michal Jurášek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Záruba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Jan Fähnrich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivana Křížová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Bejček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Zdeňka Rottnerová
- Central laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Pavel Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (J.B.); (V.S.)
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15
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Jia M, Mai B, Liu S, Li Z, Liu Q, Wang P. Antibacterial effect of S-Porphin sodium photodynamic therapy on Staphylococcus aureus and multiple drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Pu Y, Zhang H, Peng Y, Fu Q, Yue Q, Zhao Y, Guo L, Wu Y. Dual-targeting liposomes with active recognition of GLUT5 and αvβ3 for triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Zhou H, Xia L, Zhong J, Xiong S, Yi X, Chen L, Zhu R, Shi Q, Yang K. Plant-derived chlorophyll derivative loaded liposomes for tri-model imaging guided photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19823-19831. [PMID: 31633141 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived chlorophyll derivatives with a porphyrin ring structure and intrinsic photosynthesis have been widely used in biomedicine for cancer theranostics. Owing to their poor water solubility, chlorophyll derivatives are very difficult to use in biomedical applications. In this work, pyropheophorbide acid (PPa) (liposome/PPa) nanoparticles, a liposome-encapsulated chlorophyll derivative, are designed for tri-model imaging guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. The obtained liposome/PPa nanoparticles significantly enhance the water solubility of PPa, prolong blood circulation and optimize the bio-distribution in mice after intravenous injection. Utilizing their intrinsic fluorescence, high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and extra radiolabeling, liposome/PPa nanoparticles could be used as excellent contrast agents for multimodal imaging including fluorescence (FL) imaging, photoacoustic (PA) imaging and SPECT/CT imaging. Under 690 nm laser irradiation at a low power density, liposome/PPa nanoparticles significantly inhibit tumor growth, further demonstrating the therapeutic efficiency of PDT using PPa. Therefore, our work developed liposome/PPa nanoparticles as multifunctional nanoagents for multimodal imaging guided PDT of cancer. This will further prompt the clinical applications of PPa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhou
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Lu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Saisai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Quanliang Shi
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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18
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Takahashi T, Ogasawara S, Shinozaki Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of Cationic Pyridinium-(Bacterio)Chlorophyll Conjugates Bearing a Bacteriochlorin, Chlorin, or Porphyrin π-Skeleton and their Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Shin Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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19
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Hsiao CJ, Lin JF, Wen HY, Lin YM, Yang CH, Huang KS, Shaw JF. Enhancement of the stability of chlorophyll using chlorophyll-encapsulated polycaprolactone microparticles based on droplet microfluidics. Food Chem 2019; 306:125300. [PMID: 31562927 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is a valuable bioactive compound, which is used as a natural food coloring agent and a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy because of its antioxidant properties, antimutagenic ability, and near-infrared fluorescence. However, chlorophyll is unstable when it comes to retaining its antioxidant activity, when exposed to oxygen, high temperature, or light environments. To enhance the stability of chlorophyll, a polymer encapsulation method was proposed. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was employed to encapsulate the chlorophyll, and the particles size of the composites was controlled through droplet microfluidics. The composites (chlorophyll-encapsulated PCL particles) were characterized through UV-VIS spectrometry, SEM, optical microscopy, and light exposure. The particles were spherical, with diameters adjustable from 68 to 247 μm. Additionally, the chlorophyll-encapsulated PCL particles exhibited considerably prolonged chlorophyll stability. The solid microparticle is more convenient for storage and transportation, and have great potential for application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ju Hsiao
- Dept. of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Lin
- Dept. of School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wen
- Dept. of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan; Dept. of School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Dept. of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan; Dept. of School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Dept. of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- Dept. of School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Dept. of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
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20
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Gilson RC, Tang R, Gautam KS, Grabowska D, Achilefu S. Trafficking of a Single Photosensitizing Molecule to Different Intracellular Organelles Demonstrates Effective Hydroxyl Radical-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1451-1458. [PMID: 31009564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is often used in preclinical and clinical treatment regimens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photosensitizers (PSs) upon exposure to light induce cell death via diverse mechanisms. PSs can exert therapeutic effects in different cellular organelles, although the efficacy of organelle-specific PDT has yet to be determined as most previous studies use different PSs in different organelles. Here, we explored how a single PS, chlorin e6 (Ce6), targeted to different organelles altered the effectiveness of PDT. Ce6 intrinsically localizes to the ER after 4 h of incubation. Modification of Ce6 via conjugation with an octapeptide (LS765), a monosubstituted triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivative (LS897), or a disubstituted TPP derivative (LS909) altered the intrinsic localization. We determined that LS765 and LS9897 predominantly accumulated in the lysosomes, but LS909 trafficked equally to both the mitochondria and the lysosomes. Moreover, the conjugation altered the type of ROS produced by Ce6, increasing the ratio of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radicals. Irradiation of identical concentrations of the PSs in solution with 650 nm, 0.84 mW/cm2 light for 10 min showed that the TPP conjugates nearly doubled the hydrogen peroxide production from ∼0.2 μM for Ce6 and LS765 to ∼0.37 μM for LS897 and LS909. In contrast, Ce6 produced ∼1.5-fold higher hydroxyl radicals than its conjugates. To compare the effect of each PS on cell death, we normalized the intracellular concentration of each PS. Hydrogen peroxide-producing PSs are effective PDT agents in the lysosomes while the hydroxyl-generating PSs are very effective in the ER. Compared to the PSs that accumulated in the lysosomes, only the ER-targeted Ce6 exerted >50% cell death at either low light power or low intracellular concentration. By delineating the contributions of cellular organelles and types of ROS produced, our work suggests that targeting hydroxyl radical-producing PSs to the ER is an exciting strategy to improve the therapeutic outcome of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Gilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis, Missouri 63130 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Krishna Sharmah Gautam
- Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Dorota Grabowska
- Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis, Missouri 63130 , United States.,Department of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , 660 South Euclid Avenue , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
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21
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Cheruku RR, Cacaccio J, Durrani FA, Tabaczynski WA, Watson R, Marko A, Kumar R, El-Khouly MES, Missert JR, Yao R, Sajjad M, Chandra D, Guru K, Pandey RK. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Multifunctional Photosensitizers for Bladder Cancer Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2598-2617. [PMID: 30776232 PMCID: PMC10029094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of iodinated photosensitizers (PSs) with and without an erlotinib moiety was investigated in UMUC3 [epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-positive] and T24 (EGFR-low) cell lines and tumored mice. Both the erlotinib-conjugated PSs 3 and 5 showed EGFR target specificity, but the position-3 erlotinib-PS conjugate 3 demonstrated lower photodynamic therapy efficacy than the corresponding non-erlotinib analogue 1, whereas the conjugate 5 containing an erlotinib moiety at position-17 of the PS showed higher tumor uptake and long-term tumor cure (severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing UMUC3 tumors). PS-erlotinib conjugates in the absence of light were ineffective in vitro and in vivo, but robust apoptotic and necrotic cell death was observed in bladder cancer cells after exposing them to a laser light at 665 nm. In contrast to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, a positron emission tomography agent, the position-17 erlotinib conjugate (124I-analogue 6) showed enhanced UMUC3 tumor contrast even at a low imaging dose of 15 μCi/mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra R. Cheruku
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell
Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Joseph Cacaccio
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell
Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Farukh A. Durrani
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell
Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
- Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14226
| | - Walter A. Tabaczynski
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell
Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Ramona Watson
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell
Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Aimee Marko
- Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14226
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive
Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | | | - Joseph R. Missert
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell
Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Rutao Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SUNY, Buffalo, NY
14221
| | | | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive
Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- Photodynamic Therapy Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell
Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263
- Corresponding author: Professor Ravindra K Pandey,
Ph.D., , Phone:
716-845-3203
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22
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Zhao J, Li S, Jin Y, Wang JY, Li W, Wu W, Hong Z. Multimerization Increases Tumor Enrichment of Peptide⁻Photosensitizer Conjugates. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040817. [PMID: 30823562 PMCID: PMC6413024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established therapeutic modality for the management of cancers. Conjugation with tumor-specific small molecule ligands (e.g., short peptides or peptidomimetics) could increase the tumor targeting of PDT agents, which is very important for improving the outcome of PDT. However, compared with antibody molecules, small molecule ligands have a much weaker affinity to their receptors, which means that their tumor enrichment is not always ideal. In this work, we synthesized multimeric RGD ligand-coupled conjugates of pyropheophorbide-a (Pyro) to increase the affinity through multivalent and cluster effects to improve the tumor enrichment of the conjugates. Thus, the dimeric and trimeric RGD peptide-coupled Pyro conjugates and the monomeric one for comparison were efficiently synthesized via a convergent strategy. A short polyethylene glycol spacer was introduced between two RGD motifs to increase the distance required for multivalence. A subsequent binding affinity assay verified the improvement of the binding towards integrin αvβ3 receptors after the increase in the valence, with an approximately 20-fold improvement in the binding affinity of the trimeric conjugate compared with that of the monomeric conjugate. In vivo experiments performed in tumor-bearing mice also confirmed a significant increase in the distribution of the conjugates in the tumor site via multimerization, in which the trimeric conjugate had the best tumor enrichment compared with the other two conjugates. These results indicated that the multivalence interaction can obviously increase the tumor enrichment of RGD peptide-conjugated Pyro photosensitizers, and the prepared trimeric conjugate can be used as a novel antitumor photodynamic agent with high tumor enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisi Zhao
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yingying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jessica Yijia Wang
- Tianjin Sirui International School, Sisui Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wenjie Wu
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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23
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Girola N, Resende-Lara PT, Figueiredo CR, Massaoka MH, Azevedo RA, Cunha RLOR, Polonelli L, Travassos LR. Molecular, Biological and Structural Features of V L CDR-1 Rb44 Peptide, Which Targets the Microtubule Network in Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:25. [PMID: 30740361 PMCID: PMC6355703 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are important drug targets in tumor cells, owing to their role in supporting and determining the cell shape, organelle movement and cell division. The complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of immunoglobulins have been reported to be a source of anti-tumor peptide sequences, independently of the original antibody specificity for a given antigen. We found that, the anti-Lewis B mAb light-chain CDR1 synthetic peptide Rb44, interacted with microtubules and induced depolymerization, with subsequent degradation of actin filaments, leading to depolarization of mitochondrial membrane-potential, increase of ROS, cell cycle arrest at G2/M, cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP, upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2, altogether resulting in intrinsic apoptosis of melanoma cells. The in vitro inhibition of angiogenesis was also an Rb44 effect. Peritumoral injection of Rb44L1 delayed growth of subcutaneously grafted melanoma cells in a syngeneic mouse model. L1-CDRs from immunoglobulins and their interactions with tubulin-dimers were explored to interpret effects on microtubule stability. The opening motion of tubulin monomers allowed for efficient L1-CDR docking, impairment of dimer formation and microtubule dissociation. We conclude that Rb44 VL-CDR1 is a novel peptide that acts on melanoma microtubule network causing cell apoptosis in vitro and melanoma growth inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Girola
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro T Resende-Lara
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Figueiredo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L O R Cunha
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Natural and Human Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luciano Polonelli
- Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitá degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Experimental Oncology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Wang X, Li L, Zhang K, Han Z, Ding Z, Lv M, Wang P, Liu Q, Wang X. Synthesis and evolution of S-Porphin sodium as a potential antitumor agent for photodynamic therapy against breast cancer. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00959g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The novel sensitizer S-Porphin sodium can generate ROS by radiation with a long wavelength to cause tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Kun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Zhen Han
- Guilin Huiang Biochemistry Pharmaceutical Company
- Ltd
- Guangxi
- China
| | - Zhijian Ding
- Guilin Huiang Biochemistry Pharmaceutical Company
- Ltd
- Guangxi
- China
| | - Mingwei Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Quanhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
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25
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Jenni S, Sour A, Bolze F, Ventura B, Heitz V. Tumour-targeting photosensitisers for one- and two-photon activated photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6585-6594. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient receptor-mediated delivery of a folate-targeted photosensitiser to kill cancer cells following two-photon excitation in the near-infrared is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Jenni
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177/CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Angélique Sour
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177/CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- CAMB
- UMR 7199
- UdS/CNRS
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université de Strasbourg
| | | | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177/CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
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Hua XW, Bao YW, Zeng J, Wu FG. Ultrasmall All-In-One Nanodots Formed via Carbon Dot-Mediated and Albumin-Based Synthesis: Multimodal Imaging-Guided and Mild Laser-Enhanced Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42077-42087. [PMID: 30403472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Integration of multiple diagnostic/therapeutic modalities into a single system with ultrasmall size, excellent photothermal/photodynamic properties, high cellular uptake efficiency, nuclear delivery capacity, rapid renal clearance, and good biosafety is highly desirable for cancer theranostics, but still remains challenging. Here, a novel type of multifunctional nanodots (denoted as BCCGH) was synthesized by mixing bovine serum albumin, carbon dots, and metal ions (Cu2+ and Gd3+), followed by the conjugation with a photosensitizer (HPPH). The nanodots hold great promise for fluorescence/photoacoustic/magnetic resonance/photothermal imaging-guided synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PDT) because of their appealing properties such as high photothermal conversion efficiency (68.4%), high longitudinal relaxivity (11.84 mM-1 s-1, 7 T), and superior colloidal stability with negligible Gd3+ release. Benefiting from the massive cellular uptake, endoplasmic reticulum/mitochondrion-targeting ability, and mild near-infrared laser irradiation-promoted nuclear delivery of BCCGH, a high anticancer therapeutic efficiency is achieved in the subsequent in vitro PDT. Besides, as revealed by the in vivo/ex vivo results, the nanodots also exhibit excellent tumor accumulation, efficient renal clearance, complete tumor ablation, and exceptional biosafety. To summarize, this work develops a carbon dot-mediated and albumin-based synthetic approach for constructing ultrasmall and multifunctional nanodots, which may hold great potential for cancer theranostics and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wu Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Yan-Wen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Jia Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
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27
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Synthesis and photodynamic activities of integrin-targeting silicon(IV) phthalocyanine-cRGD conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Chen Q, Ma Y, Zhao J, Zhao M, Li W, Liu Q, Xiong L, Wu W, Hong Z. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of improved EGFR targeting peptide-conjugated phthalocyanine photosensitizers for tumor photodynamic therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Zhang F, Ni Q, Jacobson O, Cheng S, Liao A, Wang Z, He Z, Yu G, Song J, Ma Y, Niu G, Zhang L, Zhu G, Chen X. Polymeric Nanoparticles with a Glutathione-Sensitive Heterodimeric Multifunctional Prodrug for In Vivo Drug Monitoring and Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuwu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Qianqian Ni
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
- Department of Medical Imaging; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Arthur Liao
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhimei He
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Guocan Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Jibin Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Ying Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
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30
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Zhang F, Ni Q, Jacobson O, Cheng S, Liao A, Wang Z, He Z, Yu G, Song J, Ma Y, Niu G, Zhang L, Zhu G, Chen X. Polymeric Nanoparticles with a Glutathione-Sensitive Heterodimeric Multifunctional Prodrug for In Vivo Drug Monitoring and Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7066-7070. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuwu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Qianqian Ni
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
- Department of Medical Imaging; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Arthur Liao
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Zhimei He
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Guocan Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Jibin Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Ying Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing 210002 Jiangsu China
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
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31
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Li W, Tan S, Xing Y, Liu Q, Li S, Chen Q, Yu M, Wang F, Hong Z. cRGD Peptide-Conjugated Pyropheophorbide-a Photosensitizers for Tumor Targeting in Photodynamic Therapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1505-1514. [PMID: 29502410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyropheophorbide-a (Pyro) is a highly promising photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT), although its very limited tumor-accumulation ability seriously restricts its clinical applications. A higher accumulation of photosensitizers is very important for the treatment of deeply seated and larger tumors. The conjugation of Pyro with tumor-homing peptide ligands could be a very useful strategy to optimize the physical properties of Pyro. Herein, we reported our studies on the conjugation of Pyro with a cyclic cRGDfK (cRGD) peptide, an integrin binding sequence, to develop highly tumor-specific photosensitizers for PDT application. To further reduce the nonspecific uptake and, thus, reduce the background distribution of the conjugates in normal tissues, we opted to add a highly hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain and an extra strongly hydrophilic carboxylic acid group as the linker to avoid the direct connection of the strongly hydrophobic Pyro macrocycle and cRGD ligand. We reported here the synthesis and characterization of these conjugates, and the influence of the hydrophilic modification on the biological function of the conjugates was carefully studied. The tumor-accumulation ability and photodynamic-induced cell-killing ability of these conjugates were evaluated through both in vitro cell-based experiment and in vivo distribution and tumor therapy experiments with tumor-bearing mice. Thus, the synthesized conjugate significantly improved the tumor enrichment and tumor selectivity of Pyro, as well as abolished the xenograft tumors in the murine model through a one-time PDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Sihai Tan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193 , P. R. China
| | - Yutong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Qingle Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , National Clinical Research Center for Cancer , Tianjin 300060 , P. R. China
| | - Fengwei Wang
- People's Hospital of Tianjin , Tianjin 300180 , P. R. China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , P. R. China
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32
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Liu Q, Pang M, Tan S, Wang J, Chen Q, Wang K, Wu W, Hong Z. Potent peptide-conjugated silicon phthalocyanines for tumor photodynamic therapy. J Cancer 2018; 9:310-320. [PMID: 29344278 PMCID: PMC5771339 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are a group of promising photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, their extremely low solubility and their strong tendency to aggregate in aqueous solution greatly restrict their application. Conjugation of Pc macrocycles with peptide ligands could be a very useful strategy to optimize the physical properties of Pcs not only by increasing their water solubility and reducing their aggregation but also by endowing the conjugates with a tumor-targeting capability. To develop highly potent photosensitizers for tumor PDT, we prepared new peptide-conjugated photosensitizers using silicon Pc (SiPc), which has much higher photodynamic activity than zinc Pcs, as the light activation moiety and the cRGDfK peptide (or simply cRGD) as the peptide moiety. A polyethylene glycol linker and an extra carboxylic acid group were also tested for introduction into the conjugates to optimize the conjugate structure. The conjugates' photophysical and photodynamic behaviors were then carefully evaluated and compared using in vitro and in vivo experiments. One of the prepared conjugates, RGD-(Linker)2-Glu-SiPc, showed excellent physical properties and photodynamic activity, with an EC50 (half maximal effective concentration) of 10-20 nM toward various cancer cells. This conjugate eradicated human glioblastoma U87-MG tumors in a xenograft murine tumor model after only one dose of photodynamic treatment, with no tumor regrowth during observation for up to 35 days. The conjugate RGD-(Linker)2-Glu-SiPc thus showed highly promising potential for use in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingpei Pang
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Sihai Tan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qingle Chen
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- International Medicine Center, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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33
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Peng F, Qiu L, Chai R, Meng F, Yan C, Chen Y, Qi J, Zhan Y, Xing C. Conjugated Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Cancer Cell-Targeted and Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300401 P. R. China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics; Institute of Biophysics; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300401 P. R. China
| | - Ran Chai
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics; Institute of Biophysics; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300401 P. R. China
| | - Fanfan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics; Institute of Biophysics; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300401 P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300401 P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics; Institute of Biophysics; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300401 P. R. China
| | - Chengfen Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300401 P. R. China
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Jia J, Zhang Y, Zheng M, Shan C, Yan H, Wu W, Gao X, Cheng B, Liu W, Tang Y. Functionalized Eu(III)-Based Nanoscale Metal-Organic Framework To Achieve Near-IR-Triggered and -Targeted Two-Photon Absorption Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:300-310. [PMID: 29220150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The postsynthetic-modified nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF) probes selected as potential drug delivery platforms and photodynamic therapy agents to fulfill the effective and safe treatment of neoplastic diseases have attracted increasing attention recently. Herein, a Eu(III)-based NMOF probe elaborately postsynthetically modified with a β-diketonate two-photon-absorbing (TPA) ligand is rationally designed and further functionalized by assembling the photosensitizer molecule (methylene blue, MB) in the pores and a cyclic peptide targeting motif on the surface of the NMOF, which could achieve highly efficient near-infrared (NIR)-triggered and -targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). On the basis of the luminescence resonance energy transfer process between the NMOF donor and the photosensitizer MB acceptor, the probe can achieve a high tissue-penetrable TPA-PDT effect. Thus, the NMOFs in this study play the role of not only the nanocontainer for the photosensitizer but also the energy-transfer donor. Studies in vitro show enhanced cellular uptake and satisfactory PDT effectiveness toward cancer cells compared to the free photosensitizer MB. It is highly expected that this study contributes to the development of smart luminescent diagnostic and therapeutic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Changfu Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huicheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Shi Q, Tao Z, Yang H, Fan Q, Wei D, Wan L, Lu X. PDGFRβ-specific affibody-directed delivery of a photosensitizer, IR700, is efficient for vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1818-1830. [PMID: 29182023 PMCID: PMC8240977 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1407011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an important strategy for cancer therapy. Conventional vascular-targeted PDT has been achieved by passive photosensitizer (PS) delivery, which involves a high risk of adverse effects. Active PS delivery is urgently required for vascular-targeted PDT. Although endothelial cells and pericytes are major cellular components of tumor blood vessels, little attention has been paid to pericyte-targeted PDT for cancer therapy. PDGFRβ is abundantly expressed in the pericytes of various tumors. In this experiment, a dimeric ZPDGFRβ affibody with a 0.9 nM affinity for PDGFRβ was produced. The ZPDGFRβ affibody showed PDGFRβ-dependent pericyte binding. Intravenously injected ZPDGFRβ affibody was predominantly distributed on pericytes and thus accumulated in LS174T tumor grafts. The conjugate of the ZPDGFRβ affibody and IR700 dye, i.e. ZIR700, bound to PDGFRβ+ pericytes but not to PDGFRβ- LS174T tumor cells. Accordingly, ZIR700-mediated PDT in vitro induced the death of pericytes but not of LS174T tumor cells. In mice bearing LS174T tumor grafts, ZIR700-mediated PDT damaged tumor blood vessels, thus inducing tumor destruction by intensifying tissue hypoxia. The average mass of tumor grafts administered with ZIR700-mediated PDT was approximately 20-30% of that of the control, indicating that pericyte-targeted PDT is efficient for cancer therapy. In addition, ZIR700-mediated PDT increased the tumor uptake of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) injected post-illumination. Consequently, combination therapy of ZIR700-mediated PDT and TRAIL showed greater tumor suppression than ZIR700-mediated PDT- or TRAIL-based monotherapy. These results demonstrated that active vascular-targeted PDT could be achieved by using ZPDGFRβ affibody-directed delivery of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiao Shi
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Regenerative Medical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ze Tao
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Regenerative Medical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danfeng Wei
- Medical Research Center, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Affiliated Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, MOH, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yu X, Gao D, Gao L, Lai J, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Jia B, Wang F, Chen X, Liu Z. Inhibiting Metastasis and Preventing Tumor Relapse by Triggering Host Immunity with Tumor-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Using Photosensitizer-Loaded Functional Nanographenes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10147-10158. [PMID: 28901740 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective cancer therapy depends not only on destroying the primary tumor but also on conditioning the host immune system to recognize and eliminate residual tumor cells and prevent metastasis. In this study, a tumor integrin αvβ6-targeting peptide (the HK peptide)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) was coated with a photosensitizer (HPPH). The resulting GO conjugate, GO(HPPH)-PEG-HK, was investigated whether it could destroy primary tumors and boost host antitumor immunity. We found that GO(HPPH)-PEG-HK exhibited significantly higher tumor uptake than GO(HPPH)-PEG and HPPH. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using GO(HPPH)-PEG suppressed tumor growth in both subcutaneous and lung metastatic mouse models. Necrotic tumor cells caused by GO(HPPH)-PEG-HK PDT activated dendritic cells and significantly prevented tumor growth and lung metastasis by increasing the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes within tumors as evidenced by in vivo optical and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT imaging. These results demonstrate that tumor-targeted PDT using GO(HPPH)-PEG-HK could effectively ablate primary tumors and destroy residual tumor cells, thereby preventing distant metastasis by activating host antitumor immunity and suppressing tumor relapse by stimulation of immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Yu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Duo Gao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liquan Gao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianhao Lai
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191, China
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Moret F, Reddi E. Strategies for optimizing the delivery to tumors of macrocyclic photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review briefly summaries the principles and mechanisms of action of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as concerns its application in the oncological field, highlighting its drawbacks and some of the strategies that have been or are being explored to overcome them. The major aim is to increase the efficiency and selectivity of the photosensitizer (PS) uptake in the cancer cells for optimizing the PDT effects on tumors while sparing normal cells. Some attempts to achieve this are based on the conjugation of the PS to biomolecules (small ligands, peptides) functioning as carriers with the ability to efficiently penetrate cells and/or specifically recognize and bind proteins/receptors overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells. Alternatively, the PS can be entrapped in nanocarriers derived from various types of materials that can target the tumor by exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. The use of nanocarriers is particularly attractive because it allows the simultaneous delivery of more than one drug with the possibility of combining PDT with other therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Reddi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B 35121 Padova, Italy
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38
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Saenz C, Cheruku RR, Ohulchanskyy TY, Joshi P, Tabaczynski WA, Missert JR, Chen Y, Pera P, Tracy E, Marko A, Rohrbach D, Sunar U, Baumann H, Pandey RK. Structural and Epimeric Isomers of HPPH [3-Devinyl 3-{1-(1-hexyloxy) ethyl}pyropheophorbide-a]: Effects on Uptake and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:933-946. [PMID: 28165706 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The tetrapyrrole structure of porphyrins used as photosentizing agents is thought to determine uptake and retention by malignant epithelial cancer cells. To assess the contribution of the oxidized state of individual rings to these cellular processes, bacteriochlorophyll a was converted into the ring "D" reduced 3-devinyl-3-[1-(1-hexyloxy)ethyl]pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and the corresponding ring "B" reduced isomer (iso-HPPH). The carboxylic acid analogs of both ring "B" and ring "D" reduced isomers showed several-fold higher accumulation into the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum by primary culture of human lung and head and neck cancer cells than the corresponding methyl ester analogs that localize primarily to granular vesicles and to a lesser extent to mitochondria. However, long-term cellular retention of these compounds exhibited an inverse relationship with tumor cells generally retaining better the methyl-ester derivatives. In vivo distribution and tumor uptake was evaluated in the isogenic model of BALB/c mice bearing Colon26 tumors using the respective 14C-labeled analogs. Both carboxylic acid derivatives demonstrated similar intracellular localization and long-term tumor cure with no significant skin phototoxicity. PDT-mediated tumor action involved vascular damage, which was confirmed by a reduction in blood flow and immunohistochemical assessment of damage to the vascular endothelium. The HPPH stereoisomers (epimers) showed identical uptake (in vitro & in vivo), intracellular retention and photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518060
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Chen Q, Qi R, Chen X, Yang X, Wu S, Xiao H, Dong W. A Targeted and Stable Polymeric Nanoformulation Enhances Systemic Delivery of mRNA to Tumors. Mol Ther 2017; 25:92-101. [PMID: 28129133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The high vulnerability of mRNA necessitates the manufacture of delivery vehicles to afford adequate protection in the biological milieu. Here, mRNA was complexed with a mixture of cRGD-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-polylysine (PLys) (thiol) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-PLys(thiol). The ionic complex core consisting of opposite-charged PLys and mRNA was crosslinked though redox-responsive disulfide linkage, thereby avoiding structural disassembly for exposure of mRNA to harsh biological environments. Furthermore, PNIPAM contributed to prolonged survival in systemic circulation by presenting a spatial barrier in impeding accessibility of nucleases, e.g., RNase, due to the thermo-responsive hydrophilic-hydrophobic transition behavior upon incubation at physiological temperature enabling translocation of PNIPAM from shell to intermediate barrier. Ultimately, the cRGD ligand attached to the formulation demonstrated improved tumor accumulation and potent gene expression, as manifested by virtue of facilitated cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. These results indicate promise for the utility of mRNA as a therapeutic tool for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Suzhou 215163, China; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ruogu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiyi Chen
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Sudong Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wenfei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Suzhou 215163, China.
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40
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Ghogare AA, Greer A. Synthesis of a poly(ethylene glycol) galloyl sensitizer tip for an 'all-in-one' photodynamic device. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:1326-1336. [PMID: 27041367 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a specialized silica tip for an optical fiber device capable of delivering all components necessary for photodynamic therapy. Oxygen, light and a cleavable tripolyethylene glycol (PEG)-galloyl pheophorbide sensitizer are simultaneously delivered by the silica tip, where the tip was synthesized in six steps. A comparison of synthetic steps to reach PEGylated sensitizers bound to fluorinated silica and a previously reported Teflon/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite ( Ghosh, G. et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2015, 119, 4155- 4164) was made. The hydrolytic stability of the attached PEGs and the extent to which the PEG groups enhance solubility will also be discussed. The new triPEG-galloyl sensitizer has the potential for use in intraoperative pointsource photodynamic therapy which aims for precision treatment of residual disease. Schematic of the synthesis of a photoactive silica surface. It is composed of fluorinated silica connected to a photo-releasable sensitizer with short-chain PEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini A Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, United States
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Zheng DW, Li B, Li CX, Fan JX, Lei Q, Li C, Xu Z, Zhang XZ. Carbon-Dot-Decorated Carbon Nitride Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor via Water Splitting. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8715-22. [PMID: 27532320 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a typical feature of solid tumors, remarkably restricts the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, a carbon nitride (C3N4)-based multifunctional nanocomposite (PCCN) for light-driven water splitting was used to solve this problem. Carbon dots were first doped with C3N4 to enhance its red region absorption because red light could be used to trigger the in vivo water splitting process. Then, a polymer containing a protoporphyrin photosensitizer, a polyethylene glycol segment, and a targeting Arg-Gly-Asp motif was synthesized and introduced to carbon-dot-doped C3N4 nanoparticles. In vitro study showed that PCCN, thus obtained, could increase the intracellular O2 concentration and improve the reactive oxygen species generation in both hypoxic and normoxic environments upon light irradiation. Cell viability assay demonstrated that PCCN fully reversed the hypoxia-triggered PDT resistance, presenting a satisfactory growth inhibition of cancer cells in an O2 concentration of 1%. In vivo experiments also indicated that PCCN had superior ability to overcome tumor hypoxia. The use of water splitting materials exhibited great potential to improve the intratumoral oxygen level and ultimately reverse the hypoxia-triggered PDT resistance and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Hubei University , Wuhan, Hubei 430062, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Cao Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Hubei University , Wuhan, Hubei 430062, P.R. China
| | - Zushun Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Hubei University , Wuhan, Hubei 430062, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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42
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Luan L, Fang W, Liu W, Tian M, Ni Y, Chen X, Yu X, He J, Yang Y, Li X. 4-tert-butylphenoxy substituted phthalocyanine with RGD motif as highly selective one-photon and two-photon imaging probe for mitochondria and cancer cell. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An unsymmetrical phthalocyanine based one- and two-photon fluorescence imaging probe that substituted with 4-tert-butylphenoxy and RDGyK moieties was developed and characterized by UV-vis and high-resolution MALDI-TOF/MS. The conjugate is non-aggregated in [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-dimethylformamide, with relatively weak fluorescence emission ([Formula: see text] 0.023) and high singlet oxygen quantum yield ([Formula: see text] 0.55). Conjugation of the cyclic peptide sequence c(RGDyK) can enhance the cellular uptake towards the DU145 and PC3 cells. While the fluorescence is greatly enhanced in mitochondria, the conjugate is non-cytotoxicity either in dark or upon exposure to red-light with dose up to 12 J.cm[Formula: see text]. The results suggest that this conjugate is a promising multifunctional imaging probe for mitochondria and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Minggang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
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43
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Huo X, Jia Y, Liu D, Gao L, Zhang L, Li L, Qi Y, Cao L. Photodynamic diagnosis of gastric cancer using HPPH-CD. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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44
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Luan L, Fang W, Liu W, Tian M, Ni Y, Chen X, Yu X. Phthalocyanine-cRGD conjugate: synthesis, photophysical properties and in vitro biological activity for targeting photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2985-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine-RGD conjugate was synthesized and examined for its two-photon absorption cross section (TPACS), cellular uptake, and photocytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P.R. China
| | - Minggang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
- P.R. China
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45
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Hirohara S, Oka C, Totani M, Obata M, Yuasa J, Ito H, Tamura M, Matsui H, Kakiuchi K, Kawai T, Kawaichi M, Tanihara M. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Biological Evaluation of trans-Bisthioglycosylated Tetrakis(fluorophenyl)chlorin for Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8658-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Hirohara
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Ube National Collage of Technology, 2-14-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8555, Japan
| | - Chio Oka
- Graduate
School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masayasu Totani
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Makoto Obata
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Kakiuchi
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masashi Kawaichi
- Graduate
School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masao Tanihara
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Abstract
Graphene has attracted the attention of the entire scientific community due to its unique mechanical and electrochemical, electronic, biomaterial, and chemical properties. The water-soluble derivative of graphene, graphene oxide, is highly prized and continues to be intensely investigated by scientists around the world. This review seeks to provide an overview of the currents applications of graphene oxide in nanomedicine, focusing on delivery systems, tissue engineering, cancer therapies, imaging, and cytotoxicity, together with a short discussion on the difficulties and the trends for future research regarding this amazing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Wu
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnamsi, Republic of Korea
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47
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You H, Yoon HE, Jeong PH, Ko H, Yoon JH, Kim YC. Pheophorbide-a conjugates with cancer-targeting moieties for targeted photodynamic cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1453-62. [PMID: 25753328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pheophorbide-a, a non-selective photosensitizer, was conjugated with cancer-targeting moieties, such as folic acid, the CRGDLASLC peptide, the cRGDfK peptide and leuprorelin, for the purpose of targeted photodynamic cancer therapy. The cellular uptake of pheophorbide-a conjugates in cancer cells overexpressing the corresponding receptors of the targeting moieties was largely enhanced compared with that in the receptor-negative cells. In the study of in vitro photodynamic activity and selectivity of pheophorbide-a conjugates in the receptor-positive and receptor-negative cells, a pheophorbide-a conjugate, (14) with an αvβ6 ligand (CRGDLASLC) exhibited the highest selectivity in the positive FaDu cells. Targeted PDT with 14 induced cell death through apoptosis and morphological apoptosis-like characteristics. These results suggest that pheophorbide-a conjugate 14 could be utilized in selective photodynamic therapy for oral cancers primarily expressing the αvβ6 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun You
- Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Deajeon Dental Hospital, Wonkang University, 77, Dunsan-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeong-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Ko
- School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Deajeon Dental Hospital, Wonkang University, 77, Dunsan-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering (DMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Advances in imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for early in vivo cancer assessment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:53-74. [PMID: 24120351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new chapter in the history of medical diagnosis happened when the first X-ray technology was invented in the late 1800s. Since then, many non-invasive and minimally invasive imaging techniques have been invented for clinical diagnosis to research in cellular biology, drug discovery, and disease monitoring. These imaging modalities have leveraged the benefits of significant advances in computer, electronics, and information technology and, more recently, targeted molecular imaging. The development of targeted contrast agents such as fluorescent and nanoparticle probes coupled with optical imaging techniques has made it possible to selectively view specific biological events and processes in both in vivo and ex vivo systems with great sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, the combination of targeted molecular imaging probes and optical imaging techniques have become a mainstay in modern medicinal and biological research. Many promising results have demonstrated great potentials to translate to clinical applications. In this review, we describe a discussion of employing imaging probes and optical microendoscopic imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis.
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49
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Ghogare AA, Rizvi I, Hasan T, Greer A. "Pointsource" delivery of a photosensitizer drug and singlet oxygen: eradication of glioma cells in vitro. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:1119-25. [PMID: 24673689 DOI: 10.1111/php.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a pointsource sensitizer-tipped microoptic device for the eradication of glioma U87 cells. The device has a mesoporous fluorinated silica tip which emits singlet oxygen molecules and small quantities of pheophorbide sensitizer for additional production of singlet oxygen in the immediate vicinity. The results show that the device surges in sensitizer release and photokilling with higher rates about midway through the reaction. This was attributed to a self-amplified autocatalytic reaction where released sensitizer in the extracellular matrix provides positive feedback to assist in the release of additional sensitizer. The photokilling of the glioma cells was analyzed by global toxicity and live/dead assays, where a killing radius around the tip with ~0.3 mm precision was achieved. The implication of these results for a new PDT tool of hard-to-resect tumors, e.g. in the brain, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini A Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York
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50
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Tamiaki H, Isoda Y, Tanaka T, Machida S. Synthesis of chlorophyll–amino acid conjugates as models for modification of proteins with chromo/fluorophores. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1421-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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